北师大版（2019） 选择性必修 第一册 Unit 3 Conservation Lesson 1 The Sixth Extinction同步课时作业（含解析）

Unit 3 Topic Talk & Lesson 1
一、
1.A study has found that a language becomes ______________(灭绝的) every two weeks.
2.Up to two thirds of 14- to 16-year-olds admit to buying drink ______________(非法地).
3.A ______________(威胁) to a person or thing is a danger that something unpleasant might happen to them.
4.The new law would encourage companies ______________(转换) from coal to cleaner fuels.
5."Can I see you for a moment " "Is it ______________(紧急的) "
6.It is considered _____(legal) to hunt wild protected animals in China.
7.It is of great _____(urgent) to find out the main cause of the accident.
8.In America, 53 languages have become _________________(extinction) since 1950, more than in any other country.
9.We've been advised not to risk ________________(travel) in these conditions.
10.Even below the drink-driving limit, driving will ________________(affect).
二、
Kiwis are unique in a lot of interesting ways. They have many characteristics that are not found in any other bird.
It is assumed that the kiwi's ancestor was able to fly and reached New Zealand. Once on the island, it lost its ability to fly and eventually became the kiwi known today. Kiwis have feathers that look like hair and very strong and muscular legs. They rule the ground instead of the air. They can smell very well. Kiwis are quite shy and usually only come out at night. Kiwis can live a long time, between 25 and 50 years.
A female kiwi carries a huge egg about its body size. The kiwi is about the same size as a chicken but its egg is actually six times as large as a chicken's egg. The reason for this is that the kiwi doesn't have to fly, so there aren't any limits on its weight. The female has to eat three times as much as usual to help the egg develop. Right before the egg is laid she can't eat anything because the egg presses against her stomach, leaving no room for food.
All kiwi species are endangered. On average, twenty-seven die each week. They have been affected most by deforestation and invasive mammals. Before humans came to New Zealand, the only mammals on the island were bats and seals. The kiwi never had to worry about predators before, but now since it cannot fly, and lays its eggs on the ground, it is pretty defenceless against invasive mammals such as rats and stoats. Stoats kill a lot of the chicks, while dogs kill a lot of adult birds, usually by accident, because they are quite delicate (脆弱的) .
1.Which is kiwis' unique characteristic
A.They can't fly with no wings.
B.They can live more than 50 years.
C.They rule the air instead of the ground.
D.They seldom or never come out in the daytime.
2.Why does a female kiwi carry a huge egg
A.It eats three limes as much as usual. B.It focuses too much on developing its egg.
C.Its body weight will increase without limit. D.The egg presses against her stomach.
3.Which kind of mammal does no harm to kiwis
A.The bat. B.The rat. C.The stoat. D.The dog.
4.Which is a suitable title for the passage
A.Endangered Kiwi Species B.Kiwis-- Unique Birds
C.Get Close to the Bird World D.Why Can't Kiwis Fly
三、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the last 500 million years, there have been five mass extinctions ①_____ all species were almost completely wiped out in Earth's history. The reasons for extinctions are ②_____ (vary) , volcano eruptions, climate changes and asteroids hitting the Earth ③_____ (include).
According to the scientists, it is very likely ④_____ the sixth mass extinction is around the comer on account of human activities instead of those normal natural causes. What's ⑤_____ (badly), the speed of extinction caused by human activities is 1,000 times faster than normal. Generally speaking, human activities vary from over-fishing ⑥_____ factory farming. With a sixth mass extinction ⑦_____ (occur), more than three quarters of all species ⑧_____ (expect) to disappear altogether. As a result, the survival will be put at risk without water, air, forests and other basic living resources.
⑨_____ (fortunate), there are many efficient and immediate steps we can take to avoid the extinction before it is too late, like setting up natural preserve areas for wild animals. We also need to develop greener and more natural resources. In ⑩_____ (conclude), small changes make a big difference.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：extinct
2.答案：illegally
3.答案：threat
4.答案：to switch
5.答案：urgent
6.答案：illegal
解析：句意为:在中国，猎杀野生保护动物是违法的。It在句中作形式主语，to hunt...为不定式结构作真正的主语。在 consider sth (to be) +adj./ n.结构中，用形容词或名词作宾补，补充说明宾语的状态或特点。根据语境可知此处应填形容词illegal。
7.答案：urgency
解析：句意为:查明事故的主要起因是十分紧迫的事情。“be of +抽象名词”为固定结构，常用来表明事物的特点或特征，含义相当于对应的形容词，即be of great urgent含义与be very urgent相同。
8.答案：extinct
9.答案：travelling
10.答案：be affected
二、
答案：1-4.DCAB
解析：1.细节理解题。文章的第二段提到几维鸟的翅膀退化,所以几维鸟不是因为没有翅膀而不能飞,A错误。几维鸟可以存活 25—50年,不是50多年,B项错误。地面是几维鸟的天下,C项错误。它们很胆小,通常只在晚上活动,D项正确。
2.细节理解题。由第三段中的 The reason for this is that the kiwi doesn't have to fly, so there aren't any limits on its weight. 可知,几维鸟不会飞,所以体重会无限增长,进而生出巨大的蛋。故选C项。
3.推理判断题。由第四段可知,在人类到来之前岛上已经有蝙蝠和海豹,但是几维鸟以前从不担心捕食者,由此可以推断出蝙蝠和海豹对几维鸟无害。故选A项。
4.主旨大意题。文章为我们介绍了几维鸟的由来、习性和特症,用“几维鸟——独特的鸟”作标题最合适。故选B项。
三、
答案：① when ② varied/ various ③ included ④ that ⑤ worse ⑥ to ⑦ occurring ⑧ are expected ⑨ Fortunately ⑩ conclusion
解析：①分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作 时间状语，故填when。
②设空处应填形容词作表语，可填varied,意为“各种各样的;形形色色的”，也可填various,意为“各种各样的；各种不同的”。
③分析句子结构可知，设空处为独立主格结构，独立主格的主语和非谓语动词include之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故使用过去分词形式。
④It is likely that…为固定句式，意为“……很有可能发生”，其中It为形式主语，that引导的主语从句为句子真正的主语，分析句子结构可知，从句中不缺少句子成分，语义完整，故使用连接词 that。
⑤What's worse，...为固定表达，意为“更糟糕的是，……”，在句中作状语。
⑥from... to…为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。
⑦设空处所在部分为“with +宾语+宾补”结构，在句中作状语。本句中宾语a six mass extinction和宾补occur为逻辑上的主动关系，因此使用其现在分词形式。
⑧分析句子成分可知，句中缺少谓语;根据上下文时态和语境可知，应使用一般现在时的被动语态。
⑨此处为副词作评注性状语。
⑩in conclusion为固定表达，意为“总而言之”。
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