外研版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Breaking boundaries Using language课件(共27张PPT)

(共27张PPT)
Unit 4
Breaking boundaries
Period Ⅱ
Using language
敲黑板
1.语言知识：advance， harmonious, no wonder, as a result，现在分词（短语）作结果状语，it作形式主语等。
2.语言技能：能恰当使用it作形式主语描述城市，了解文化冲击的相关知识；能在谈话中表达自己的兴趣，描述普遍现象。
必刷词汇
1.mutual adj.______________________
共有的,共同的；相互的
2._________ n.少数派；少数
反_________ n.多数；领先多数，多数票
minority
majority
3._____ v.选派（角色） n.（一出戏剧或一部电影的）全体演员
cast
4._____ adj.联合的,共同的
joint
5.________ adj.（目标、希望）能够实现的
联想 ①_______ n.现实 ②_______ v.实现，意识到
realistic
reality
realise
6.inclusive adj.____________ 联想 ________ vt.包含；包括
包容广阔的
include
7.___________ adj.和睦的,融洽的 联想 _________ n.协调；和谐 搭配 ____ ___ _________ _____
与……一致；和……协调
harmonious
harmony
be
in
harmony
with
8.__________ adj.值得做的,有意义的 联想 _______ n.回报；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏 易混 award n.______
vt.________________
rewarding
reward
奖品
授予；给予奖励
9.culture shock __________
文化冲击
10.strike a chord with ____________________
引起共鸣（或同情）
11.play an important role in… ____________________
在……中起重要作用
12.no wonder ______
难怪
13.___ _________ 尤其；特别
in
particular
14.____... ___... 视……为……
see
as
15.___ ____ ______ _________ 朝正确的方向
in
the
right
direction
16.___ _________ 仿佛，好像
as
if / though
17.____ ___________ ____... 对……负责
be
responsible
for
18.___ ___ ______ 结果
as
a
result
核心词汇
This is another small but important advance against gender and racial discrimination. 这是反对性别和种族歧视的又一个虽小却重要的进展。 教材P54
1 advance
① n.进展；前进；预付款；（价格等的）上涨
We believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.我们相信这将是有史以来最重要、最广泛受益的科学进步之一。
&1& in advance 预先，提前
You'd better make a schedule for the trip in advance.你最好提前为这次旅行制订一个行程表。
② adj.预先的；事先的
Please give us advance warning of any changes.如有变动，请事先通知我们。［《牛津高阶》］
③ v.前进；（使）发展；促进；提前
Jennifer decided to go back to college to advance her career.珍妮弗决定回到大学以促进她的事业（发展）。［2020全国新高考Ⅰ·改编］
Too much protein in the diet may advance the ageing process.饮食中含有过量蛋白质可能会加速衰老过程。
&2& advance on / towards... 朝……前进
Immediately the police began to advance on the crowd.警察立刻开始朝人群前进。
&3& advanced adj.先进的
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Thanks to the _________ （advance） technology, we live in an age of better communication.
advanced
[解析] 句意为：由于先进的科技，我们生活在一个沟通更加顺畅的时代。设空处修饰名词，应用形容词。
2.Our understanding of this disease _____________ （advance） rapidly in the past few years.
has advanced
[解析] 句意为：在过去几年中，我们对这种疾病的了解已经有了很大进展。
3.[天津2020年7月·改编] Next time you visit Bob, remember to give him a call ___ advance.
in
[解析] 句意为：下一次你拜访鲍勃的时候，记得提前给他打个电话。
A thousand people were asked, if they could know in advance would they want to know the exact day of their death.有一千个人被问及，若有可能事先获悉，想不想知道自己确切的死亡时间。
——《遗愿清单》
Rather, it's about countries and people making a joint effort to come together to create a more harmonious and understanding world, so that we can all enjoy the mutual benefits. 更准确地说，其目的是要使国家和人民共同努力，一起创造一个更加和谐和人人都能相互理解的世界，使我们大家都能互惠互利。 教材P55
2 harmonious adj.和睦的，融洽的
Harmonious relationships are ones in which people are friendly and helpful to one another. 和谐的关系是那种人们彼此友好相处又互相帮助的关系。
&4& harmony n.和睦；和谐；协调；（音乐中的）和声
in harmony 和谐地；融洽地
in harmony with sth 和某物协调一致；与某物和睦融洽
The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people's well-being and a dream of harmony, peace and development.“中国梦”是提高人民幸福感的梦，是和谐、和平与发展的梦。
With better education, people will be able to build a better society in harmony with nature.有了更好的教育，人们将能够建立一个与自然和谐相处的更美好的社会。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.We must ensure that tourism develops in harmony
________________________________________________ the environment.
with 句意为：我们必须确保旅游业与环境协调发展。
2.Their ___________ （harmony） relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.
harmonious
[解析] 句意为：他们融洽的关系在一定程度上起因于他们有相似的目标。
二、翻译句子。
I do believe it is possible for different ethnic groups to live together in harmony.
________________________________________________
我确信不同民族（的人民）可以融洽地生活在一起。
【句意】诸如手机和因特网等交流渠道使得我们和地球另一端的人们即时通话成为可能，这就使我们能够和有着完全不同的文化背景的人们建立紧密的联系。
教材P55
&5& 现在分词（短语）作结果状语
现在分词（短语）作结果状语表示自然而然的结果。
The boy fell off his bike, breaking his right arm. 那个男孩从自行车上摔了下来，右臂骨折了。
It has been raining for several days, causing the river to rise. 雨一直下了好几天，导致河水上涨了。
特别注意 动词不定式（短语）作结果状语，多表示出乎意料的结果，常同only连用。
We hurried to the classroom, only to find none there.我们急匆匆地赶到教室，结果却发现一个人也没有。
He took a taxi to the airport, only to be told she had gone.他乘出租车去了机场,结果却被告知她已经走了。
定向练
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He did his homework carelessly, ________ （make） a lot of mistakes.
making
[解析] 句意为：他做作业很粗心，犯了很多错误。现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。此处He与动词tell为逻辑上的被动关系。
2.The plane crashed, _______ （kill） all the passengers aboard.
killing
[解析] 句意为：飞机失事了，机上所有乘客全部遇难。现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。
3.He hurried to the booking office, only __________ （tell） the tickets had been sold out.
to be told
[解析] 句意为：他急匆匆地赶到售票处，结果却被告知票已售空。动词不定式短语作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。
4.[江苏2020·改编] When Wilson heated it, the container exploded, ________ （leave） Wilson blinded
in both eyes.
leaving
[解析] 句意为：当威尔逊加热容器时，容器爆炸了，导致他双目失明。
it作形式主语
英语中有时为了保持句子结构平衡，避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语代替句子的真正主语，但在句中it没有实际语义。it作形式主语主要分为以下三种情况：
1 it代替不定式（短语）作句子的形式主语
（1）It be+形容词+（of / for sb）+to do…
It is nice of you to ask me to your party tonight.你能邀请我参加你今晚的聚会真是太好了。
It is important for people to know their own limitations.人贵有自知之明。
（2）It be+名词短语+to do…
Ladies and gentlemen, it is my great honour to stand here to deliver my speech.女士们，先生们，我很荣幸站在这里发表演讲。
It is the file system's job to manage writing data between the discs and memory.管理磁盘和内存之间的写入数据是文件系统的工作。
（3）It takes / took… （some time） to do…
It took me quite some time to finish the work.我用了很长时间才把这项工作做完。
2 it代替动名词（短语）作形式主语，表语多为名词（词组）或形容词，如a waste （of…）, useless, no good, fun, no use, worthwhile等。
It is no use arguing with him. 和他争辩是没有用的。
3 it代替从句作形式主语
（1）It be+名词短语+that… 常用于此句型中的名词短语有a shame, a fact, a surprise, an honour, a pity, common knowledge / sense（常识）等。
It is a shame that we should have lost such an important customer. 我们丢失了这么重要的客户，真是太遗憾了！
It is common knowledge that China is the largest developing country in the world. 中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，这是常识。
（2）It be+形容词+that… 常用于此句型中的形容词有clear, funny, true, obvious, certain, wonderful, possible, likely, probable, important, necessary等。
I've made up my mind, but . .it's obvious that you need more time to think. 我已经拿定了主意，但你显然还需要更多时间来考虑。
It is certain that medical insurance is given to most citizens. 大多数市民都享有医疗保险，这是肯定的。
（3）It+动词（短语）+that… 常用于此句型中的动词（短语）有appear, happen, look, strike sb, occur to sb等。
It happened that I had no money on me. 碰巧我身上一分钱也没有。
（4）It+be+过去分词+that… 常用于此句型中的过去分词有 said（据说）， reported（据报道）， believed（人们相信）， known（众所周知）， decided（已决定）， proved（已证实）， thought（人们认为）， expected（人们期望；有望），announced（已宣布）， arranged（据安排）等。
It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work. 据报道，在一些西方国家，76%的员工在工作中使用表情符号。［2020课标全国Ⅱ］
（5）It doesn't matter whether / if…
It doesn't matter whether it will rain or not tomorrow. 明天是否会下雨并不重要。
（6）It looks / seems as if…
There is such a storm.It looks as if the world were coming to an end. 这是一场大风暴，看起来就好像世界末日到了。
定向练
一、根据汉语提示补全句子。
1.______________ （据预测） that the demand for energy in the next decade will be doubled.
It is predicted
2.________________________ （不可能） that I accept such an offer as that.
It isn't likely / is impossible
3._______________ （难怪） that he didn't want to go.
It is no wonder
4._________________ （我突然想到）that I had to attend an important meeting in Shanghai the next day.
It occurred to me
5._____________ （据信）that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended
level of sugar, putting themselves at a higher risk of the disease.
It is believed
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.___ shocked us that something like that happened.
It
[解析] 句意为：发生了那样的事情，我们十分震惊。此处应用It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。
2.It suddenly _________ （occur） to her that Joe was afraid of being alone.
occurred
[解析] 句意为：她突然想到乔害怕独处。根据后面从句的时态可知，设空处需要用一般过去时。
3.___ is not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
It
[解析] 句意为：确定天赋的本质不是一件简单的事情。
4.To understand why they are doing it, it is necessary_________ （know） where they are coming from.
to know
[解析] 句意为：要想理解他们为什么在做这件事，就有必要了解他们来自哪里。考查不定式短语作真正的主语。
5.It is my great pleasure____________ （welcome） all of you, officially, to the APEC Economic
Leaders' Meeting.
to welcome
[解析] 句意为：我很荣幸正式欢迎各位出席亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议。考查不定式短语作真正的主语。
6.It takes hundreds of years _________ （break） down the plastic bags.
to break
[解析] 句意为：降解塑料袋要花费数百年的时间。
7.___ is unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to establish their own websites.
It
[解析] 句意为：对于十到十二岁的少年来说，建立他们自己的网站是不同寻常的。
8.It's careless ___ you to make so many mistakes in this exam.
of
[解析] 句意为：你真粗心，在这次考试中犯了这么多错误。
It's nice to besitting alone with a person without having to talk.能和一个人坐在一起而不必交谈真好。
——《飞屋环游记》?