外研版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 5 A delicate world Using language课件(共37张PPT)

(共37张PPT)
Unit 5
A delicate world
Period Ⅱ
Using language
敲黑板
1.语言知识：issue, appropriate, absorb, beat, decline, break down, where引导的状语从句及其省略，含有without的含蓄虚拟条件句，it作形式宾语等。
2.语言技能： 能够理解食物链的结构，并学会使用it作形式宾语的句子阐述某地在生态方面发生的变化以及实现生态平衡的重要性。
必刷词汇
1.________ v.（使）溶解
dissolve
2.________ n.养分,营养物 派 ①_________ adj.营养丰富的②_________ n.营养
nutrient
nutritious
nutrition
3.be native to ________
原产于
4.feed on… ____________
以……为食
核心词汇
...some owners believe to release them into the wild is no big issue. ……一些（宠物龟的）主人认为，将它们放归野外并不是什么大问题。
教材P70
1 issue
① n.［C］ （尤指社会或政治方面的）重要议题；争论的问题；（有关某事的）问题；（报刊的）期，号
The environmental issue is a worldwide problem. 环境问题是一个世界性问题。
Food safety is an important issue involving the public health. 食品安全是一个关乎公众健康的重要问题。
I am reading the latest issue of the paper. 我在读最新一期的报纸。
&1& a key / sensitive / controversial issue 关键的 / 敏感的 / 有争议的问题
② vt.颁布；发表；发行；（正式）发给；分发
The minister issued a statement to the press.该部长向新闻界发表了声明。［BBC］
issue a passport / visa 签发护照/签证
issue a magazine 发行一本杂志
issue a set of stamps 发行一套邮票
issue warm clothing to the survivors = issue the survivors with warm clothing给幸存者分发御寒衣物
What's the issue, dear 怎么了, 亲爱的 ——《冰雪奇缘》
定向练1
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The police ___________ （issue） an appeal for witnesses before the reporters came.
had issued
[解析] 句意为：警方在记者赶来之前已经发出了寻找目击证人的呼吁。发出（issue）这个动作发生在赶来（came）之前，所以应用过去完成时。
2.They _______ （issue） a special set of stamps to mark the occasion last year.
issued
[解析] 句意为：他们去年发行了一套特别的邮票来纪念这一盛会。本句的时间状语是last year，所以谓语动词应用一般过去时。
3.Last year, many video creators began stepping away from the platform because of mental health
_______ （issue）.
issues
[解析] 句意为：去年，许多视频创作者因为心理健康问题开始远离这个平台。
... anyone unable to keep their pets should take them to an appropriate animal shelter.
……任何不能继续养宠物的人都应该带宠物去合适的动物收容所。
教材P70
2 appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的
&2& be appropriate to / for sth适合……
it is appropriate （for sb） to do sth （对某人来说）做某事是合适的
Her clothes were not appropriate for this formal party.她的衣服不适合这个正式的宴会。
It would not be appropriate for me to discuss that now.现在我不宜讨论那件事。
&3& ①appropriately adv.恰当地
As a new diplomat, he often thinks of how he can react more appropriately on such occasions.作为一名新的外交官，他经常思考怎样才能在这种场合中作出更恰当的反应。
②inappropriate adj.不合适的；不恰当的
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The book was written in a style which was appropriate ______ school-age children.
to / for
2.All in black, she was ____________ （appropriate） dressed for a funeral.
appropriately
3.Relaxing though lying on the sofa watching TV for a whole day may seem, it is ____________
（appropriate） in the long term for personal growth.
inappropriate
二、翻译句子。
由他担任这一职务是合适的。
____________________________________
It's appropriate for him to get the post.
3 absorb vt.吸收；吸引（某人）；使全神贯注；使并入；理解
In cold climates, houses need to have walls that will absorb heat.在气候寒冷的地方，房屋需要有能吸收热量的墙。
In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message.事实上，大多数人只能理解说话人20%的信息。［2020全国新高考Ⅰ］
Producers absorb water and dissolved nutrients from the soil. 生产者从土壤中吸收水分和溶解的养分。
教材P72
&4& be / get absorbed in全神贯注于
be absorbed into 被纳入 / 并入 / 吸收
These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. 这些孩子太专注于学习了，我只好坐在一边看着。
Absorbed in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching. 约翰全神贯注地画画，没有注意到夜幕正在降临。
The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.四周的小城镇已并入这座城市。［《牛津高阶》］
&5& absorption n.［U］吸收；并入；全神贯注
释义·理解 absorb
①to take in sth from the surface or space around ②to interest sb very much
③to make sth smaller become part of sth larger ④to take sth into the mind and understand it
定向练3
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Catherine was seated in the sofa, totally _________ （absorb） in the book about youth and love.
absorbed
[解析] absorb在句中表示“使全神贯注”。此处为过去分词短语作状语。
2.We closed our offices at 2:00 pm to give employees time __________ （absorb） the bad news.
to absorb
[解析] absorb在句中表示“理解”。此处为动词不定式短语作目的状语。
3.The Advertising Office was absorbed _____ the Editing Office.
into
[解析] 句意为：广告宣传部被并入了编辑部。
4 break down （使）分解；出故障；抛锚；失败；情不自禁地哭起来；垮掉；消除（隔阂等）
Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.当无线网络在灾难中瘫痪时，老式的电话就很重要了。
The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.“聊天愉快”长椅帮助打破了人们之间不打招呼的这一无形社交障碍。［2020年7月天津·改编］
Decomposers break down dead animal and vegetable matter into nutrients.分解者把动植物尸体分解成营养物质。
教材P72
break a record 打破纪录
break one's promise 食言
break away from 逃脱；突然挣脱
break in 强行进入；打断（谈话）
break into 强行闯入；突然开始（笑、唱等）
break off 停顿；（使）折断；突然终止
break out 爆发；突然开始
break through 突破；冲破；克服
break up 解散；（学校）放假；结束（关系）；破裂；粉碎
&6& 含有break的其他常用搭配
定向练4
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.Don't break ___ when he is telling the story.
in
[解析] 句意为：他讲故事的时候别打断他。
2.As is known to us, plastic bags are difficult to break ______
down
[解析] 句意为：众所周知，塑料袋很难分解。
3.Modern music has broken ______ from the old rules.
away
[解析] 句意为：现代音乐摆脱了陈旧的规则。
4.Last night somebody broke _____ Mr White's house and took away a lot of things.
into
[解析] 句意为：昨晚有人闯进了怀特先生的家并拿走了许多东西。
5.Scientists say they are beginning to break ________ in the fight against cancer.
through
[解析] 句意为：科学家们称，他们在抗击癌症方面开始有所突破。
6.The two friends have an argument that breaks ____their friendship forever.
up
[解析] 句意为：一对朋友发生了争执，从此绝交了。
7.After a fire broke ____ in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.
out
[解析] 句意为：实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被毁。
8.We were discussing our plans, but had to break ____ when the telephone rang.
off
[解析] 句意为：我们在讨论计划时电话铃响了,我们只好暂停讨论。
A honey bee can fly as fast as 24 kilometres per hour and its wings can beat 200 times per second. 一只蜜蜂的飞行速度可达每小时24千米，其翅膀每秒可振动200次。
教材P73
5 beat
① v.（beat, beaten）（使）规律作响，作规律性运动;打败（=defeat）；拍打；敲打
We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It's a pretty hard combination to beat. 我们（澳大利亚）的根基建立在古老文明之上，但同时也有年轻国家的动力和活力。这种结合难以落败。［2022全国甲］
The rain was beating down constantly on the tin roof. 雨点不断地打在锡皮屋顶上。
② n.（翅的）一振；（心脏等的）跳动；有规律的敲击（声）
His heart missed a beat when he saw her.在见到她的一刹那，他的心跳停了一拍。
The steady beat of the drums signals the victory of the brave.有节奏的敲鼓声预示着勇者的胜利。
定向练5
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The dog bit little Tony and ___________ （beat） shortly after.
was beaten
[解析] 根据bit可知，本句的时态应用一般过去时；beat与The dog之间为被动关系，故用被动语态，且The dog为单数，故填was beaten。
2.The 14-year-old boy _____ （beat） all the other competitors and came out top in the contest.
beat
[解析] 根据came out可知，本句的时态应用一般过去时, beat 与The 14-year-old boy之间为主动关系，故填beat。
二、翻译句子。
1.After climbing the mountain nonstop, my heart was beating fiercely.
______________________________________________
一刻不停地爬上那座山后，我的心脏跳得很厉害。
2.The bird beat its wings at great speed and flew away.
__________________________
鸟儿高速振动翅膀飞走了。
6 decline
① n.减少；下降；衰落
The economy continued to show signs of decline in September.9月份，经济继续呈现出衰退的迹象。
&7& on the decline / in decline 在下降
a decline in... 在……方面减少 / 衰落 / 下降
Home cooking seems to be on the decline as more and more people tend to order their food on apps.随着越来越多的人倾向于在应用程序上订购食物，自己在家做饭的人似乎越来越少。
The decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing.生命力随着时间的流失而衰退叫做衰老。
Humans are responsible for the decline in the bee population. 人类对蜜蜂数量的减少负有责任。
教材P73
② v.减少；下降；衰退；婉言拒绝（=refuse）
decline to / by... 下降到 / 了……
decline to do sth 拒绝做某事
Rabbit numbers in the UK have declined by around 60 percent over the last 20 years. 英国的兔子数量在过去20年中下降了约60％。
The spokesman declined to comment when we asked him about it today. 我们今天向那位发言人询问此事，但他拒绝评论。
定向练6
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.She declined ________ （have） lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn't feeling well.
to have
2.The arrival of TV led to a decline ___ sales so that now the average reader of an American comic
book is usually a teenage boy with an interest in superheroes.
in
3.Thanks to the effective measures, the number of teenagers suffering from obesity has been ___ decline.
in
1
【句意】描述一个你所熟悉的地方是如何变迁的，并在适当的位置使用“it”作形式宾语。
教材P71
&8& where引导的状语从句及其省略
（1）本句中含有where引导的状语从句，在句中作地点状语，表示“在合适的位置”。该从句的作用在于表示具体的位置，同表示地点的介词短语作用一致，可与定语从句“in the place where…”相转换, 例如：
The survivors were placed where medical services were available. = The survivors were placed in the place where medical services were available.幸存者被安置在可获取医疗服务的地方。
（2）同其他的状语从句一样，where引导的地点状语从句也可以进行省略。省略的前提有二：①从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it；②从句谓语中含有be动词。省略的时候要同时省略从句中的主语和be动词。
Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the form where （it is） necessary. 用所给的短语填空，必要的地方可以改变其形式。
下面是其他状语从句的省略：
You can't get a driving licence in this country until （you are） eighteen.
在这个国家，未满18岁无法拿到驾照。
Though （he was） frightened, he managed to escape from the danger.
尽管很害怕，但他还是设法逃离了危险。
While （he was） hunting in the forest, he found a small hut with nobody in.
在森林里狩猎时，他发现了一个空无一人的小屋。
She stood at the gate as if （she was） waiting for someone.
她站在门口好像在等人。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.In the book, you can make a mark _______ you don't understand.
where
2.The waste bottles would still be wasted unless _________ （collect） by a recycling plant.
collected
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.在思考问题时，他从不忘记笔记。
____________ ________ ______problems, he never forgot to take notes.
When/While
thinking
about
2.他们在自己觉得舒服的地方坐下了。
They sat _______ _____ ____ ___________.
where
they
felt
comfortable
2
【句意】没有蜜蜂，人类就会灭绝。
教材P73
&9& 含有without的含蓄虚拟条件句
without一词表示“没有”，without短语可以含蓄地表达某一假设条件，这时句子应使用虚拟语气。without后接名词时可以替换为If it were not for… 或If it hadn't been for…，表示对现在情况或过去情况的虚拟，注意表示对过去情况的虚拟时，主句谓语应用would have done形式。例如：
Without water （= If it were not for water）, men would not live any longer.如果没有水，人类活不下去。
Without having been cared for （= If it had not been cared for）, the sick baby would not have survived for a week.这个生病的孩子之前如果没有得到照顾的话，是活不过一周的。
定向练2
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.没有树木，就阻挡不了沙尘暴。
Without trees,the sandstorm _______ ____ ____ __________.
would
not
be
prevented
2.如果没有得到治疗，这个病人就不会这么快康复了。
①________ _______ ______ _______, the patient would not have recovered so quickly.
Without
having
been
treated
②If he _____ ____ ______ _______, the patient would not have recovered so quickly.
had
not
been
treated
it作形式宾语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在句中作宾语时，为使句子结构平衡，常用 it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语后置。it作形式宾语有以下几种情况：
（1）动词+it+名词词组/形容词+从句
The detective found it obvious that the house had been broken into the day before.
侦探发现这所房子显然在前一天被人闯入过。
We made it a rule in the game that no one shall open their eyes during preparation.
我们在游戏中立了个规矩:在准备过程中任何人不得睁开眼睛。
The meeting is to make it clear how the project should go on.
本会议旨在明确项目应如何继续。
（2）动词+it+名词词组/形容词+动词不定式（短语）/动名词（短语）
They find it interesting to go. .to the movies.他们觉得看电影很有趣。
I feel it a great honour to be invited to speak at the meeting before so many students.被邀请在会议上的这么多学生面前发言，我感到非常荣幸。
（3）动词+it+when / if 从句。常见于appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等少数表示情感态度的动词之后。
I would appreciate it if. .you could come to my birthday party. 如果你能来参加我的生日聚会，我将不胜感激。
I hate it when. .people talk with their mouths full. 我讨厌别人在嘴里塞满食物时说话。
（4）动词+it+that从句。常见于take, have, put等少数动词之后。
I take it that. .you will be leaving Shanghai soon. 我想你不久将离开上海。
Rumour has it that you're going back to New York. 有传言说你要回纽约了。
（5）动词+it+介词（短语）+that从句。常见于owe it to sb, take it for granted, bring it to one's attention 等结构中。
I owe it to you that I have achieved such a fabulous achievement. 我能取得如此惊人的成就，这多亏了你。
We always take it for granted that what we do is right. 我们总是想当然地认为自己做的事是正确的。
（6）动词短语+it+that从句。常见于 depend on, rely on, see to, count on, look to, insist on, stick to, answer for 等短语后。
You may depend on it that he will turn up in time.你可以相信他会及时出现。
I'll see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post office before twelve.我将确保所有这些信件在12点前会被送到邮局。
（7）动词+it+过去分词+从句。
He made it known that he was looking for another job.他告诉别人说他在找新工作。
定向练
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.No one found ___ strange that he could finish his piles of work in a single day.
it
2.He wants to make it clear ______ the party is going to be held so that he can arrange his time for
tomorrow.
when
3.Students feel it free __________ （choose） whatever class to take.
to choose
4.Mark found it exciting that he _____________ （go） to China as an exchange student next year.
would / will go
二、翻译句子。
1.我们应该公开如何积极地面对挑战。
______________________________________________________
We should make it public how to face challenges positively.
2.人们对天空中有两道彩虹感到奇怪。
__________________________________________________________
People found it strange that there were two rainbows in the sky.
三、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.母语为英语的人有时会感到语法很难学。
Native English speakers may sometimes find it difficult ___ ______ grammar.
to
learn
2.我们应该把晨读当作惯例。
We ought to make it a practice ___ _____ ___ ____ _________.
to
read
in
the
morning
3.汤姆想当然地认为今天没有作业。
Tom _____ ___ ____ ________ that there was no homework for today.
took
it
for
granted
4.如果您能帮我，我将不胜感激。
I _______ __________ ___ if you could do me a favour.
would
appreciate
it