外研版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 6 Survival Starting out & Understanding ideas课件(共32张PPT)

(共32张PPT)
Unit 6
Survival
Extinction is the rule. Survival is the exception.
Period Ⅰ
Starting out & Understanding ideas
敲黑板
1.课时任务：了解人类在不同环境中生存时遇到的困难以及人类如何克服困难；通过阅读课文，了解越来越多的动物迁徙到城市的原因，学会和动物和谐相处。
2.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“城市动物”出现的原因以及城市生活给动物带来的挑战。
3.语言知识：commit, estimate, appreciate, restrict, in one's way, have no choice but to do, out of reach, under construction, crash into, amount to, fit in with, it is / was… that / who… 强调句型, “only+状语（从句）”位于句首时引起的倒装。
Nature Is Speaking—Coral Reef
I am coral.
Some people think I'm just a rock.
When, in fact, I'm the largest thing alive on this planet.
I'm so big.I can be seen from space.But for how long
I grew for almost 250 million years and humans came along and now one fifth of me is gone.
Sure, I live at the bottom of the sea.And you might not see me that often.
But you do need me.
Do you realise that one quarter of all marine life depends on me
I am the nursery of the sea.
Little fish depend on me for food and to hide from the big fish.
And guess who eats the big fish
That's right.You do.
I'm the protein factory for the world.
Yet you raise the temperature of the ocean so I can't live here anymore.
And when big storms and tsunamis barrel through the ocean, I'm your fortress.
Yet you tear me apart with dynamite and poison me with cyanide.
Well, here's a crazy thought: Stop killing me.
《大自然在说话》之《珊瑚礁》
我是珊瑚礁。
有些人认为我只是岩石。
但事实上，我是这个星球上最庞大的生命体。
大到从太空都可以看到我。但这还能持续多久？
我存在了大约2.5亿年后，人类出现了，而今天五分之一的我已经消失。
是的，我生活在海底，你们也许不常见到我。
但是你们真的需要我。
你们知道有四分之一的海洋生物都依赖我生存吗？
我是海洋生物的栖息地。
我为小鱼提供食物，为它们提供躲避大鱼追捕的庇护所。
猜猜谁吃大鱼呢？
是的。是你们。
我是全世界的蛋白质工厂。
但你们却让海洋温度不断升高，使我无法继续生存。
当风暴和海啸在大洋上呼啸而过时，是我在为你们遮挡。
然而你们却用炸药把我撕碎，用氰化物来毒害我。
我有一个疯狂的想法：停止毁灭我。
必刷词汇
1.chacma baboon _________________
南非大狒, 大狒狒
2.predator n.____________________
掠食动物,捕食性动物
3.racoon n.______
浣熊
4.kebab n.____________
烤（肉）串
5.garlic n.__________
（大）蒜
6.flourish v.______________
生长茂盛,兴盛
7.____ n.狐狸
fox
8.________ n.垃圾
garbage
9.______ n.羔羊肉
lamb
10.________ adj.海滨的
seaside
11._____ n.（pl._______ ） 小偷,贼
thief
thieves
12.______ adj.城镇的，城市的
urban
13.migratory adj.________联想 ①________ v.迁徙 ②__________ n.迁移；迁徙
迁徙的
migrate
migration
14.crucial adj.____________________ 搭配 ____ _______ ______ 对……至关重要
至关重要的,关键性的
be
crucial
to/for
15.________ v.犯（错误或罪行）；承诺；保证 派 ①__________ adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
②___________ n.承诺；奉献；投入
commit
committed
commitment
16.______ n.罪,罪行
派 criminal ______n. adj.________
crime
罪犯
犯罪的
17._______ n.郊区,城郊派 _________ adj.郊区的,近郊的
suburb
suburban
18._______ adj.贪婪的,贪心的 联想 ______ n.贪婪；贪食；贪吃
greedy
greed
19._________ n.容器 联想 ________ v.容纳；克制
container
contain
20.________ v.估计,估算 派 __________ n.估计；判断,看法
estimate
estimation
21.__________ v.欣赏；赏识；感激；理解
派 ① ____________n.欣赏；赏识；感激；理解
②____________ adj.赏识的；欣赏的；感激的
appreciate
appreciation
appreciative
22._______ v.限制,控制 派 ① __________ n.限制，限定,约束 ②__________ adj.限制（性）的,约束（性）
的
restrict
restriction
restrictive
23.in one's way ______________
挡着某人的路
24.out of reach ________
够不到
25.crash into ______
撞上
26.amount to ____________
总计，等于
27.fit in with ______
适应
28.______ ____ _______ ____ ___ ____ 只好做……；不得不做……
同 have no alternative but to do / have nothing to do but do / can't choose but do / can't help but do / can't but do
have
no
choice
but
to
do
29.______ ____________ 在建设中
under
construction
核心词汇
Recent studies estimate that between 400 million and 1 billion birds die from window impacts each year in the US alone.最新的研究估计，仅在美国，每年就有4亿到10亿的鸟类死于撞击窗户。
教材P84
1 estimate
①v.估计，估算
&1& estimate sth （at sth） 估计某物（为……）
be estimated to be... 估计有……
It is estimated （that）... 估计……
The police estimated the crowd at 30,000. 警方估计聚集人数有3万。
It's estimated （that） the journey will take at least two weeks. 估计这次行程将至少需要两周时间。
② n.（对大小、数量、成本等的）估计；估价
I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need. 我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The deal is estimated ______ （be） worth around?$1.5 million.
to be
2.___ is estimated that many children suffer from dyslexia （诵读困难）.
It
二、翻译句子。
据估计，新教学楼会在10个月后建成。（complete）
_______________________________________________________________________
It is estimated that the new teaching building will be completed in ten months.
However they adapt to our ways of urban living, it's important that we get a better understanding of and even learn to appreciate our wild neighbours. 无论它们如何适应我们的城市生活方式，很重要的一点是，我们需要更加理解，甚至学会欣赏我们的野生邻居。 教材P84
2 appreciate v.
①欣赏；赏识
This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served.这一点通常是值得赞赏的，因为在乔迁聚会上供应的食物不多。［2020课标全国Ⅲ］
② 理解；领会
&2& appreciate that / what / how / why... 理解……
It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what my parents had done for me.很久以后，我才完全理解了父母为我所做的一切。
③感激；感谢；欢迎
We would much appreciate guidance from the experts in this field. 我们很感谢这个领域的专家的指导。
&3& appreciate （one's） doing sth 感激（某人）做某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……，我将不胜感激。
I appreciate your agreeing to see me. 感谢你同意见我。
I'd appreciate it if you could turn it down. 如果你能把音量调小的话, 我将不胜感激。
&4& appreciation n.欣赏；赏识；感激；理解
特别注意 appreciate与thank都可以表示“感激”。appreciate后接事物或行为，thank后接人。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I appreciate your _______（give） me so much of your time.
giving
2.Please accept this as a kind of ____________ （appreciate）.
appreciation
[解析] 设空处前有a kind of 修饰，应填名词。
3.I'd appreciate ___ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
it
二、翻译句子。
It is difficult to appreciate how bad the situation has become.
____________________________________
很难理解形势已经恶化到了什么地步。
—If you ever need to talk, I'm here.
—Appreciate it.
——如果你想找人聊聊,我随时都在。
——非常感谢。
——《小谢尔顿》
Some environmentalists argue that we should restrict urban development to leave enough natural habitats for wild animals.一些环保人士认为，我们应该限制城市发展，目的是为野生动物留下足够的自然栖息地。
教材P85
3 restrict v.限制，控制
&5& restrict... to... 将……限定在……
restrict sb / oneself to （doing） sth 限制某人 / 自己只做某事
In future we will restrict class sizes to 20 students. 今后我们会把班级规模限定在20人。
I restrict myself to one cup of coffee a day. 我限制自己每天只喝一杯咖啡。
&6& ①restriction n.限制，约束
restriction on... 对……的限制/约束
There is no restriction on the number of people entering the exhibition. 进入展览会的人数没有限制。
②restrictive adj. 限制（性）的，约束（性）的
定向练3
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The park is open to the public without __________ （restrict）.
restriction
2.The hospital may restrict bookings ___ people living locally.
to
3.Britain is to adopt a more __________ policy on arms sales.
restrictive
1
【句意】……是我们人类迁入了它们的领地。
教材P82
&7& It is / was… that / who… 强调句型
强调句型的基本结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其余部分”。
注意，强调句中一般都使用that,只有在被强调部分指人且是主语的时候，才既可以用that，也可以用who，且that和who一般不可以省略。另外，强调句型中的be动词通常都用单数is或was，不能用are或者were。
①如何判断强调句：若把句中的It is / was和that / who去掉，整个句子的结构仍然完整，则该句是强调句。
It was I who / that caught sight of the actor yesterday in the hotel where I stayed.昨天是我在下榻的旅馆里看到了那个演员。（强调主语）
It was the actor that I caught sight of yesterday in the hotel where I stayed.昨天我在下榻的旅馆里看到的是那个演员。（强调宾语）
It was yesterday that I caught sight of the actor in the hotel where I stayed.我是昨天在下榻的旅馆里看到那个演员的。（强调时间状语，不用when）
It was in the hotel where I stayed that I caught sight of the actor yesterday.昨天我正是在下榻的旅馆里看到那个演员的。（强调地点状语，不用where）
②强调句的疑问形式
一般疑问句的强调句型：Is / Was it…+that / who…
特殊疑问句的强调句型：Why / When / How / Who / What is / was it+that…
Was it yesterday that he met his teacher 他是昨天见到了他的老师吗？
When was it that Shanghai Disneyland which you dreamt of visiting was open to the public 你梦想去参观的上海迪士尼乐园是什么时候向公众开放的？
③not until… 的强调句型：It is / was not until… that…
It was not until he was seven that his mother bought him a piano.直到他七岁时，他母亲才给他买了一架钢琴。
特别注意 强调句型和从句的对比：
It was at 4 o'clock in the afternoon that I arrived in New York.
我是在下午4点到达纽约的。（强调句型）
It was 4 o'clock in the afternoon when I arrived in New York.= When I arrived in New York, it was 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
我到达纽约时是下午4点。（时间状语从句）
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.It is Ms Li _________lent me a hand when I had trouble with English grammar rules.
who / that
[解析] 本题强调主语Ms Li，指人，所以用that或who都可以。
2.It was after he got what he had desired _____he realised it was not so important.
that
[解析] 把It was和设空处去掉之后，整个句子成分完整，所以该句为强调句, 强调句子的时间状语after he got what he had desired。故填that。
3.He couldn't say what it was _____ upset him.
that
[解析] 句意为：他说不出究竟是什么让他烦恼。此处是say后面接了一个强调句的特殊疑问句作宾语从句，应用陈述语序，即“疑问词+it is / was that…”。
4.It was not until she got home _____ Jennifer realised she had lost her keys.
that
[解析] 考查含not until的强调句结构。本题强调时间状语, 用that，不用when。
5.It was April 29, 2011 ______ William and Kate walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
when
[解析] 把It was及设空处去掉后，April 29， 2011不可以单独作时间状语，所以该句不是强调句型。此处应用when引导定语从句，修饰先行词April 29， 2011。如果 April 29, 2011前有介词on,则该句是强调句，就应填that。
6.That was really a splendid evening.It's years ______ I enjoyed myself so much.
since
[解析] 由强调句型的判断方法可知，该句不是强调句型。设空处所在句句意为：我很多年没有这么高兴了。since 意为“自……以来”。
Anyway, it was then that I first noticed it was missing.不管怎样，那时我才意识到它不见了。
——《神探夏洛克》
2
【句意】只有这样，我们才能展望与它们和谐地共享我们的城市栖息地。
教材P84
&8& “only+状语（从句）”位于句首时引起的倒装
当“only+状语（从句）”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，only后的状语可以是副词、介词短语等。
Only then did I realise that I was wrong.只有到那时我才意识到我错了。
Only with death does his course stop; is it not long 死而后已，不亦远乎？
特别注意only置于句首修饰主语时，句子不用倒装。
Only the teachers are allowed to use the room.只有老师能够使用这个房间。
定向练2
在空白处填入1个适当的助动词。
1.Only when he reached the teahouse ____ he realise it was the same place he had been in last year.
did
[解析] “only+状语（从句）”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，根据reached可知，主句应用一般过去时。句意为：当他到达茶馆时，他才意识到这和他去年去的是同一个地方。
2.Only by increasing the number of doctors by 30% _____ the patients be treated properly in this
hospital.
can
[解析] “only+介词短语”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，根据句意可知应用can。句意为：只有将医生的人数增加30%，病人才能在这家医院得到妥善的治疗。
3.Only by following this method ____ we able to study English well.
are
[解析] “only+介词短语”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，根据句意可知，主句应用一般现在时，由we和able to可知，应填are。句意为：只有遵循这种方法，我们才能学好英语。
4.Only when he apologises for his rudeness _________ I speak to him again.
will / shall
[解析] “only+状语（从句）”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装；从句用的是一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时。句意为：只有当他为自己的粗鲁道歉时，我才会再跟他讲话。