外研版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 6 Survival 知识·技能·考试课件(共20张PPT)

(共20张PPT)
Unit 6
Survival
知识·技能·考试
戳考点
本单元高频考点：
1.appreciate 2.advance 3.consist 4.expose
1.appreciate
appreciate 在语法填空中的考法涉及：①动词的语态；②词性转换，常考查转换为其名词形式appreciation；③常考查固定句式结构I'd appreciate it if…。
例1 [浙江2022年6月] But how can a painting ______________ （appreciate） by someone who's blind
be appreciated
例2 I would like to convey my sincere ____________ （appreciate） to you for your assistance.
appreciation
例3 I'd appreciate ___ if you could spare some time to go through my application.
it
2.advance
advance在语法填空中常考查：①固定搭配in advance，意为“提前”；②词性转换，其形容词形式为advanced。
例1 [华南师范大学附属中学2023高二期末·改编] The tickets can only be purchased ___ advance from
our website.
in
例2 However, the detector is still more _________ （advance） and will be able to get more accurate
test results.
advanced
[解析] 句意为：不过，这个探测器还是较为先进的，能够得到更准确的测试结果。设空处前有系动词is和构成比较级的more，故此处应用形容词作表语，表示“先进的”，故填advanced。
3.consist
consist在语法填空中常考查固定搭配consist of，意为“由……组成”。
例 Although the first New York subway consisted ___ only 14.5 kilometres of track in 1904, today, it is
the world's largest subway system.
of
4.expose
（1）expose在语法填空中常考查：①固定搭配expose... to...；②被动语态。
例1 The water companies were instructed not to expose people ___ polluted water any more.
to
例2 It's addictive and harmful both to smokers and the people who ____________ （expose） to smoke,
especially children.
are exposed
（2）expose在完形填空中常考查对其形容词exposed词义的掌握。
例3 [全国乙2022·改编] However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably bad at
hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___.
A
A.exposed B.examined C.untouched D.imbalanced
[解析] 根据前面的preschool children are remarkably bad at hiding可知，他们应该是遮住眼睛但露出身体。
时文领读
主题：人与自然——自然环境保护
体裁：说明文
词数：280
难度：中
阅读用时：6分钟
背景导入：联合国UN的一份报告指出，各国未能采取必要的行动以避免气候变化带来的最坏影响。 除非各国政府紧急出台额外的措施，否则将无法履行在《巴黎协定》（Paris Agreement）中作出的承诺。
阅读技巧：训练猜测词义和理解文章细节信息的能力。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
or为并列连词，意为 “否则” The UN says the world must redouble its efforts or it'll face catastrophic① climate change. 段落大意第一段点明主题：世界
各国必须加倍努力，否则将面临
灾难性的气候变化。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
fail to do sth未能做 某事 needed to avoid… 为过去分词短语作后 置定语 made in the… 为过 去分词短语作后置定 语，修饰commitments unless引导条件状语 从句 bring… under control 把……控制住 Countries are failing to take action needed to avoid the worst effects of climate change, a UN report has found, and the commitments made in the Paris Agreement will not be met unless governments introduce additional measures as a matter of urgency②. Greenhouse gas emissions continued their long-term rise last year, according to the UN, but they could be brought under control. There are promising③ signs, such as investment from the private sector in renewable energy and other technologies to cut carbon, but these are currently insufficient to meet scientific advice. 段落大意第二段指出目前在节能减排方面存在的问题。
词义猜测What does the
underlined word “insufficient” in Paragraph 2 mean 表转折的连词but连接并列句，前面的分句讲到出现了一些让人们看到希望的迹象，由but可知，前后的分句在语义上发生转折，应该讲的是这些措施目前还不足以达到科学建议的标准。由此可推知，insufficient意为“不足的；不够的”。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
There is still a tremendous gap between… and… 在……和……之间仍 有巨大的差距 agreed by… 为过去 分词短语作后置定语 Gunnar Luderer, one of the authors of the UN report and senior scientist at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany, said, “There is still a tremendous ④ gap between words and deeds, between the targets agreed by governments and the measures to achieve these goals. Only a rapid turnround⑤ here can help. Emissions must be reduced by a quarter by 2030 and for 1.5℃, emissions would have to be halved.” 段落大意第三段介绍了联合国这
份报告的作者之一对该问题的看
法。
细节理解What can we know
about current emissions reductions
according to Gunnar Luderer 根
据第三段中的 There is still a
tremendous gap between words
and deeds, between the targets…
and the measures to achieve
these goals.可知，当前各国政府
在节能减排方面作出的努力是不
够的。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
to bring down emissions为不定式短语作后置定语，修饰policies All in all总之 meeting scientific advice… 为现在分词短语作状语 while连接并列句，意为“然而；而” New taxes on fossil fuels, investment in clean technology and much stronger government policies to bring down emissions are likely to be necessary. Governments must also stop subsidising⑥ fossil fuels, directly and indirectly, the UN said. All in all, a doubling of effort may be needed to keep warming to less than 2℃, meeting scientific advice on staving off⑦ the most dangerous effects of climate change. Joyce Msuya, executive director of the UN Environment Programme, said, “The science is clear; for all the ambitious climate action we've seen, governments need to move faster and with greater urgency. We're feeding this fire, while the means to put it out are within reach.” 段落大意第四段指出应对全球变暖必须采取的一些措施。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·
阅读技巧
①catastrophic adj.灾难性的 ②urgency n.紧迫 ③promising adj.有希望的；有前途的 ④tremendous adj.巨大的 ⑤turnround n.好转；起色；转机;转变 ⑥subsidise vt.给……补贴 ⑦stave off 挡开；避开
续表
【译文】
联合国表示，全世界必须加倍努力，否则将面临灾难性的气候变化。
联合国的一份报告发现，各国未能采取必要的行动以避免气候变化带来的最坏影响，除非各国政府紧急出台额外的措施，否则将无法履行在《巴黎协定》中作出的承诺。据联合国称，去年温室气体排放量继续保持长期增长的态势，但排放量是可以得到控制的。虽然出现了一些让人们看到希望的迹象，例如私营企业对可再生能源和其他减少碳排放的技术进行了投资，但是目前这些措施还没有达到科学的减排建议所要求的标准。
联合国这份报告的作者之一、德国波茨坦气候影响研究所的资深科学家冈纳·卢德尔表示:“政府的承诺和行动、商定的目标与为实现这些目标所采取的措施之间，仍存在巨大差距。此时只有迅速扭转局面才能有所帮助。到2030年，（温室气体）排放量必须减少四分之一，而要想（使全球升温）不超过1.5摄氏度，（温室气体）排放量必须减半。”
对化石燃料征收新税、投资清洁技术以及采取更强有力的政府政策以减少排放量，这些可能都是必要的。联合国表示，各国政府还必须停止直接地或间接地补贴化石燃料。总而言之，要将全球升温控制在2摄氏度以内，可能需要加倍努力，才能达到科学的减排建议所要求的标准，从而避免气候变化带来的最危险的影响。联合国环境规划署执行主任乔伊丝·姆苏亚表示:“科学是无可置疑的；对于我们所见的所有雄心勃勃的气候行动，政府仍需要更快、更紧迫地行动起来。我们正在助长（全球变暖）这场大火，然而扑灭这场大火的方法触手可及。”
真题展示
[浙江2022年6月·B篇] All around the world, there are small changes taking place.At the side of roads, behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the size of tennis courts are appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally have easy access to nature.This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small packages.
Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist.As he went on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
So how does it work Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence.“We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that easy,” says Hartley.“We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.”
In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers （肥料）.There are usually around 30 different kinds of all-native tree species （物种）.This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife.It's also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding, remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those living locally.
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了“微森林运动”的起源、目的、过程以及对人和自然产生的重大影响等。
1.What do we know about the Tiny Forest movement ( )
A
A.It has achieved notable success. B.It is led by a number of schools.
C.It began in Europe in the 1970s. D.It will spread to the countryside.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，日本植物学家宫胁博士在20世纪70年代首先提出了“微森林运动”的理念，该理念接着在印度和其他国家大获成功，最后风靡欧洲多国。由此可推知，“微森林运动”获得了显著的成功。故选A项。
2.What is the purpose of the project led by Hartley in the UK ( )
D
A.To promote eco-tourism. B.To improve forestry research.
C.To popularise gardening. D.To get people close to nature.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中哈特利的话We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.可知，哈特利认为这项运动提供了一次机会去努力打破人与自然之间的隔阂，使人们亲近自然。故选D项。
[解析] 细节理解题。结合文章最后一段中的In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers.可知，微森林里的树至少要有600棵，且需要种植得更紧密。故选B项。
A.They are small in size. B.They are thickly planted.
C.They are foreign species. D.They are heavily fertilised.
3.What is special about the trees in a Tiny Forest ( )
B
【微技能】细节理解题的解题技巧
细节理解题主要考查对特定内容的辨析能力。一般来说，这类题目的答案信息可以直接在文中找到。有的只需根据一个信息点即可选出答案，有的则需要对相关内容进行整合才能得出答案。
这种题型的解题方法为：（1）认真阅读题干，标出题干中的关键词；（2）在文中寻找含有关键词或关键词相关信息的句子；（3）仔细分析这些词句的含义，得出答案。
特别注意：细节理解题题干中的关键词和文章中的相关信息通常以同义替换的形式出现。因此在学习过程中，要多注重同义表达的积累。