【考前必刷】中考英语语法专项突破-表语从句（含解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
【考前必刷】中考英语语法专项突破-表语从句
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、单项选择
1．That is ________ we _______ John the chief editor.
A．where, voted B．why, elected C．which, voted D．how, elected
2．The reason ________ he didn’t come was ________ he was ill.
A．why; that B．that; why C．for that; that
3．This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A．what B．whether C．if D．where
4．Respect is not one-way traffic but mutual, and that might be _________ we fight back in the trade friction against the USA．
A．where B．what C．why D．how
5．Yuan Longping had failed over and over again but he never gave up. That’s ________ he succeeded finally.
A．what B．when C．why D．where
6．What puzzles Lily’s friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas.
A．whether B．when C．what D．why
7．—You see, I’m poor in Maths, you are not good at English, and…
—That’s ________ we should help each other.
A．when B．where C．how D．what
8．By boat is the only way to get around here and that is ________ we arrived.
A．where B．what C．why D．how
9．Actually, girls can be _________ they want to be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, an astronaut or a general manager.
A．whatever B．however C．whenever D．wherever
10．Being bad-working is a kind of quality and that’s ________ it takes to do anything well.
A．how B．which C．that D．what
11．This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A．how B．which C．that D．what
12．It isn’t what you have or who you are that makes you happy or unhappy, but________ you think about it.
A．whether B．what C．how D．why
13．—I took care of my grandfather in hospital.
—Is that ________ you had a few days off
A．what B．when C．why D．where
14．A ship is safe if it stays in a harbour(港口). But it is not ________ it is built.
A．what B．how C．why D．where
15．―Could we finish the task according to the schedule(进度表)
―I doubt that. The problem is________we can raise enough money within a week.
A．that B．how C．why D．when
16．See the flags on top of the building That was________ we did this morning.
A．when B．which C．where D．what
17．A ship is safe if it stays in a harbor. But this is not ________ it is built for.
A．what B．how C．why D．where
18．The future of a country lies in its youth. That’s _______ the Chinese government set a plan to guide its youth toward better development.
A．how B．why C．what D．whether
19．Life is like a story. What matters is not how long it is but______.
A．how good it is B．how good is it C．what good it is
20．A ship is safe if it stays in a harbour. But this is not ___________ it is built.
A．what B．how C．why D．where
二、根据句意填空
21．That’s ____ he didn’t understand me.
22．That’s ____ she wants to be a teacher.
23．Go and get your coat. It’s ________ you left it.
24．That’s ________ I believe in him all the time.
三、用所给单词的正确形式填空
Wonder why you get angry so____25____(easy)while your friend smiles all the time It's probably ____26____you both have different personalities(个性).
Personality is also about____27____people think, behave, and react to everything around them from day to day.
So what____28____(make) people think and behave in certain ways
Part of the reason is that people are born like this.____29____baby gets his blood type, genes(基因) and other physical things when he's still inside his mother.These things may help decide what the baby will be____30____.
But one's personality doesn't stop here.Family life, school learning and life experience can also make you the person you are.This doesn't mean it's impossible____31____(change)your personality.You can always try to make yourself____32____(good).Don't get too worried about your weak points, Just accept them.This is a good way to start making changes.
If you don't know how to make friends, find out why.Is it because you are too shy ____33____(tell) yourself to smile at people. Start talking to people using warm greetings.
Don't give yourself a hard time about it.It's not easy to change life_____34_____( habit) overnight.Keep working at it.One day you'll see that you can turn over a new leaf and be a new one.
四、完成句子
根据所给的汉语内容，用英语完成下列句子。（每空只写一词）
35．车停了再下。
Don’t ________ ________ the bus ________ it ________.
36．约翰太忙于工作了，以至于没时间锻炼身体。
John was ________ ________ ________ his work ________ he had no time to do exercise.
37．多么有趣的游戏呀！
________ ________ ________ ________ it is!
38．你知道她每周去几次图书馆吗？
Do you know ________ ________ ________ ________to the library every week
39．张老师告诉他上学不要再迟到。
Miss Zhang told him ________ ________ ________ ________for school again.
40．我们学校每年都举办艺术节。
The art festival ________ ________ by our school every year.
41．广州的气温没哈尔滨那么低。
The temperature in Guangzhou is not ________ low ________ the one in Harbin.
五、汉译英：整句
42．那就是顾客听她意见的原因。
________________________________________________________
43．那就是他为什么迟到的原因。
_________________________________________________________
44．这就是我们上车的地方。（where）
_________________________________________________________.
45．这是因为它能够变化出72种形状和大小，把自己变成不同的动物和东西。
_________________________________________________________
46．她看起来一点都不担心。（not…at all）（汉译英）
_________________________________________________________
47．这就是我们不能按时赶到火车站的原因。（That’s why）
_________________________________________________________
48．我们的游览将在这里结束。 (where)
_________________________________________________________.
49．这就是Tom今早上学迟到的原因。(That is why...)
_________________________________________________________
50．那就是你肚子痛的原因。（That’s why...）
_________________________________________________________
51．那就是为什么他妹妹胃疼的原因。（why）
_________________________________________________________
我们英语老师善于讲好笑的英语笑话。这就是我们喜欢他的课的原因。
_________________________________________________________
53．我的问题是我难以和家人和睦相处。（get on with）
_________________________________________________________
54．我相信世界就是你认为的那样。(what…)
_________________________________________________________
55．我的问题是我不能和我的家人和睦相处。
_________________________________________________________
56．你头痛的原因是你经常熬夜到很晚。
_________________________________________________________
57．他最为人知的是把大部分时间奉献给了慈善。
_________________________________________________________
六、找出从句并指出是哪类从句
58．It depends on whether we have enough time.
59．The question he asked was where the electrical equipment should be stored.
60．The mountain is no longer what it used to be.
61．The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.
62．He was not the man that he was before.
63．Now you were free, why not go swimming with us
64．Where there are schools and colleges, there are examinations.
65．Bad habits, once firmed, are difficult to give up
66．She often wears the same kind of skirt as her twin sister does.
67．The moment he opened the window, a bird flew in.
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】句意：那就是为什么我们选约翰为主编的原因。
考查表语从句及动词辨析。where哪里；why为什么；which哪一个；how怎样。vote投票，vote for sb.选举某人；elect选举，elect sb.选举某人。此处指选举约翰为主编，故用elect，排除A、C两项。此处指选约翰为主编的原因，故用why引导表语从句。故选B。
2．A
【详解】句意：他没有来的原因是他病了。
考查定语从句和表语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，整个句子的谓语动词为was，was之前的为定语从句；was之后的为表语从句；第一个空为定语从句，定语从句中句子结构完整，因此用关系副词why引导；第二个空为表语从句，表语从句的结构也完整，因此用连词that引导，that无意义。故选A。
3．A
【详解】句意：这就是我父亲教给我的——面对困难，凡事往好处想。
考查表语从句。根据句子结构可知，空格和后面的句子是一个表语从句，此空作动词taught的宾语，用what引导表语从句，故选A。
4．C
【详解】句意：尊重不是单向的，而是相互的，这可能是我们在与美国的贸易摩擦中反击的原因。
考查表语从句。where为什么；what什么；why为什么；how如何。分析句子可知，“Respect is not one-way traffic but mutual”是“we fight back in the trade friction against the USA”的原因，应用why引导表语从句。故选C。
5．C
【详解】句意：袁隆平一次又一次地失败，但他从未放弃。这就是他最终成功的原因。
考查表语从句引导词辨析。what什么；when何时；why为什么；where何地。根据上句“Yuan Longping has failed over and over again but he never gave up.”可知，袁隆平成功的原因是失败了而从未放弃，因此，空格处应用why作引导词。故选C。
6．D
【详解】句意：令莉莉的朋友困惑的是为什么她总是有很多疯狂的想法。
考查连接词辨析。whether是否；when什么时候；what什么；why为什么。is是句中谓语，该句是一个表语从句，根据“she always has so many crazy ideas.”可知她总是有很多疯狂的想法是莉莉困惑的事情，应用why引导表语从句。故选D。
7．B
【详解】句意：——你看，我数学不好，你英语不好，还有…… ——那是我们应该互相帮助的地方。
考查引导词辨析。when何时；where哪里；how如何；what什么。分析“That’s…we should help each other.”可知，两人各有不擅长的科目，是需要彼此帮助的地方，故选B。
8．D
【详解】句意：乘船是来这儿的唯一途径，那就是我们到的方式。
考查表语从句引导词。where哪里；what什么；why为什么；how怎样。根据“By boat is the only way to get around here and that is”可知此处是表示方式的，故选D。
9．A
【详解】句意：事实上，女孩可以像男孩一样成为她们想成为的人，无论是飞行员、宇航员还是总经理。
考查表语从句。whatever无论什么；however无论怎么样；whenever无论何时；wherever无论何地。根据“girls can be…they want to be just like boys”可知表语从句中缺少表语，用连接代词whatever。故选A。
10．D
【详解】句意：勤奋是一种品质，这是做好任何事情的必要条件。
考查表语从句，观察句子可知“it takes to do anything well.”是一个表语从句，从句中运用了固定句型：it takes ... to do sth，可见句中缺少take的宾语，所以用what来引导。故选D。
11．D
【详解】句意：这是父亲教给我的——总是直面困难并抱最好的期待。
考查表语从句。how如何，询问方式；which哪一个；that那，在表语从句中不做成分；what什么。分析句子结构，此处为主语 + 系动词（be 动词） + 表语结构，is 后为表语成分，从句中缺少宾语表示教的内容，破折号后面的动词不定式部分是对所教内容的具体说明，故应该使用引导词what。故选D。
12．B
【详解】句意：不是你拥有什么或你是谁让你快乐或不快乐，而是你对它的看法。
考查表语从句。whether是否；what什么；how怎样， 如何；why为什么。根据空后“you think about it.” 结合选项可知，whether是表示是否的意思，在此处不符合题意。故排除A；此处缺少的宾语，要用疑问词what，故排除C和D；故选B。
13．C
【详解】句意：——我在医院照顾我的祖父。——那就是为什么你这几天请假的原因？
考查表语从句。what什么；when什么时间；why为什么；where哪儿。根据“I took care of my grandfather in hospital”可知此处在表达“had a few days off”请几天假的原因，用why来引导表语从句。故选C。
14．C
【详解】句意：如果船舶待在港口，它是安全的，但这不是建造它的原因。
考查特殊疑问词。what什么；how如何；why为什么；where何地；根据“But it is not ________ it is built.”可知但这不是建造它的 ，可推测出是“原因”，意思是总归要出去经历风浪的，故选C。
15．B
【详解】句意：——我们能按计划完成任务吗？——我对此表示怀疑。问题是我们如何在一周内筹集到足够的资金。
考查连接词辨析。that起连接作用；how怎样；why为什么；when什么时候，根据所给空前面的I doubt that和后面的we can raise enough money within a week可知，应该是怎样，故选B。
16．D
【详解】句意：看到那个建筑顶上的旗了吗？那就是我们今天早上的杰作。
考查表语从句。when引导表语从句时表示时间；which引导表语从句时表示哪一个；where引导表语从句时表示地点；what引导表语从句时表示什么。分析句子结构可知，was作为本句的系动词，横线处至句末作表语，所以是表语从句；从句中谓语动词did后缺少宾语，不指代人，因此用连接代词what引导表语从句，故选D。
17．A
【详解】句意：如果船停在港湾里是安全的，但这不是它被造的目的。
考查表语从句引导词。A. what什么；B. how怎样，表方式； C. why为什么，表原因； D. where在哪里，表地点；根据but的表达的句意转折，可知造船的目的不是为了安全地停在港湾，由此推断空格是表目的，用“what…for”；故选A。
18．B
【详解】句意：一个国家的未来在于青年。这就是为什么中国政府制定了一个指导青年走向更好发展的计划的原因。
A. how怎样；B. why为什么；C. what什么；D. whether是否。根据前句“The future of a country lies in its youth.一个国家的未来在于青年。”可判断，这是中国政府制定了一个引导青年走向更好发展的计划的原因。why为什么，说明原因。故选B。
19．A
【详解】句意：生活就像一个故事。重要的不是它有多长，而是它有多好。is后跟表语从句，从句要用陈述句的语序，排除B；how+形容词或副词，what+（形容词）+名词，good为形容词形式，故答案为A。
20．C
【详解】句意：船停留在港内是安全的，但这并不是它建造的原因。本题考查表语从句。A. what什么；B. how怎样；C. why为什么；D. where哪儿。is not后跟从句作表语，前面“船停留在港内是安全的”说的是原因，this is not___强调结果，即“这并不是它建造的原因”，结合选项，可知C选项符合题意，故答案选C。
21．because
【详解】句意：那是因为他不理解我。根据“That’s … he didn’t understand me”可知，此处表示因为他不理解我，用because引导表语从句，故填because。
22．why
【详解】句意：那就是她想当老师的原因。That’s why…“那是……的原因”，符合语境。故填why。
23．where
【详解】句意：去拿你的外套，你把它放在那儿了。根据“you left it”可知，此处是where引导的表语从句，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
24．why
【详解】句意：这就是为什么我一直相信他的原因。结合句意可知，此句是why引导的表语从句，故填why。
25．easily 26．because 27．how 28．makes 29．A 30．like 31．to change 32．better 33．Tell 34．habits
【分析】这篇文章讲述了个性。就是一个人对一些事情的思考，表现和反应的方式。个性，有部分是天生的因素，但是，如果你一直努力的话，就可以改变自己的个性的。
25．句意：想知道为什么你很容易生气，而你的朋友却一直在微笑？
get angry变得生气，动词短语，需要副词来修饰。easy简单的，容易的，形容词，其副词形式是easily，故填easily。
26．句意：这可能是因为你俩都有不同的个性。
第一句话中的关键词why是询问原因的，第二句话来回答。because因为，是表原因的连词，符合语境，故填because。
27．句意：个性也是关于人们每天如何思考、行为和对周围事物的反应。
结合句意，人们如何想的，如何表现的都和自身的个性有关。故需要填特殊疑问词how。
28．句意：那么，是什么促使人们以某种方式思考和行动呢？
特殊疑问词what做主语，故谓语动词用三单形式，故填makes。
29．句意：当婴儿还在母亲体内时，他就得到了血型、基因和其他身体特征。
句中的谓语动词gets是三单形式，故主语应是单数形式。baby是可数名词，故前面加冠词a构成其单数形式。故填A。
30．句意：这些东西可能有助于决定婴儿会是什么样的。
what …will be like 将会是什么样子，固定句型，故填like。
31．句意：这并不意味着改变你的个性是不可能的。
it’s+形容词+to do sth.做某事是……样的，固定句型，故横线上用动词不定式做真正的主语。故填to change。
32．句意：你可以试着让自己变得更好。
结合上文，我们能改变个性，让自己变得比以前更优秀，故用比较级。good的比较级是不规则变化better。故填better。
33．句意：告诉自己要对人微笑，开始用热情的问候与人交谈。
分析句子结构可知，这个句子和后面的句子是回答Is it because you are too shy 故用一样的句型。后一句用的是祈使句，故前一句也用祈使句，以动词原形开头构成祈使句。故填Tell。
34．句意：在一夜之间改变一生的习惯是不容易。
habit习惯，可数名词。结合句意，生活习惯应用复数形式，故填habits。
35． get off until stops 36． so busy with that 37． What an interesting game 38． how often she goes 39． not to be late 40． is held 41． as as
【解析】35．根据句意可知，此句是条件状语从句，主句是祈使句的否定形式。主祈从现，下车get off ；此空故填get off until stops。
36．根据句意可知，此句是用so/such…that引导的结果状语从句，这里表示忙于做某事结合后面的名词his work用be busy with sth，busy是形容词，前面用so，故答案是so busy with…that．
37．根据句意可知，此句是一般现在时态的感叹句。有趣的interesting ；游戏game ；此空故填What an interesting game。
38．根据句意可知，此句是宾语从句。多久一次how often；去图书馆go to the library；从句的主语是he，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，此空故填how often he goes。
39．根据句意可知，此句是一般过去时态的陈述句。根据固定用法tell sb.not to do sth告诉某人不要做某事；迟到 be late for；此空故填 not to be late 。
40．根据句意可知，此句是一般现在时态的被动语态。此空的意思是“举办”，主语是艺术节，此空故填is held。
41．根据句意可知，此句是一般现在时态的同级比较。此空的意思是“没……那么，不如…那样
not as...as；此空故填as as。
42．That’s why customers listened to her.
【详解】那就是顾客听她意见的原因。根据that’s why那是为什么……；根据句意可知从句用过去时态；故答案是That’s why customers listened to her.
43．That’s (the reason) why he was late.
【详解】那就是他为什么迟到的原因。根据that is the reason why这是---的原因；根据句意可知从句用过去时态；故答案是That’s (the reason) why he was late.
44．This is where we get on the bus
【详解】这是一个陈述句，应用一般现在时态。This“这，这个”，代词在句中作主语；is是系动词；where引导表语从句，从句中主语为we“我们”；get on“上车”。故答案为This is where we get on the bus。
45．This is because it can change into 72 shapes and sizes and turn itself into different animals and things.
【详解】根据中文句意可知，This is because“这是因为”；it“它”；can“能够”；change into“变化出”；72 shapes and sizes“72种形状和大小”；turn itself into“把自己变成”；different animals and things“不同的动物和东西”。本句为because引导的表语从句，and并列两个动词短语，情态动词后用动词原形。故填This is because it can change into 72 shapes and sizes and turn itself into different animals and things.
46．It seems/seemed that she doesn’t/didn’t worry at all.
【详解】seem的用法是It seems that+从句。此句可用一般现在时或一般过去时；从句时态与主句时态一致；对应的从句是she doesn’t/didn’t worry at all。故填It seems/seemed that she doesn’t/didn’t worry at all.
47．That’s why we can’t get to the railway station on time.
【详解】That’s why“这就是为什么”；we can’t“我们不能”，后接动词原形；get to the railway station“到达火车站”；on time“按时”，故填That’s why we can’t get to the railway station on time.
48．This is where we will finish our tour
【详解】根据题干，可知：This is这是……；where引导表语从句；finish our tour结束我们的旅游。主句是一般现在时，从句是一般将来时。故填 This is where we will finish our tour。
49．That is why Tom was late for school this morning.
【详解】that is why“这就是为什么”；be late for school“上学迟到”；this morning“今天早上”，从句用一般过去时，故填That is why Tom was late for school this morning.
50．That’s why you have got a stomachache.
【详解】那就是……的原因：that’s why...，后接从句；你：you，作从句主语；肚子痛：get a stomachache，结合汉语语境可知，此处应用现在完成时结构，助动词用have，故填That’s why you have got a stomachache.
51．That is why his sister got a stomachache.
【详解】“那就是为什么……的原因”译为That’s why ...；“他妹妹”译为his sister；“胃疼”译为get a stomachache。胃疼是过去的事情，用一般过去时。故填That is why his sister got a stomachache.
52．Our English teacher is good at telling funny jokes in English. That’s why we like his classes.
【详解】be good at doing sth善于做某事，tell funny jokes讲好笑的笑话，in English用英语， That’s why...这是为什么……，故答案为Our English teacher is good at telling funny jokes in English. That’s why we like his classes.
53．My problem is that I can't get on well with my family.
【详解】和…和睦相处get on well with, 根据句子结构可知，这里需要用that引导的表语从句，故翻译为My problem is that I can't get on well with my family。
54．I believe the world is what you think it is.
【详解】这是一个主从复合句，主句为“I believe”，后跟宾语从句；the world“世界”，在从句中作主语；is是系动词，后跟what引导的表语从句；you think“你认为……”。故填I believe the world is what you think it is.
55．My problem is that I can’t get on with my family.
【详解】我的问题：my problem；是：is；不能：can’t；和我的家人和睦相处：get on with my family。结合语境可知，此题为一般现在时，而且含有that引导的表语从句。故填My problem is that I can’t get on with my family.
56．The reason for your headache is that you often stay up late.
【详解】该句主语为reason，意为“理由，原因”，常与介词for搭配，表示“……的原因”；headache头疼；is是系动词，后面跟that引导的表语从句；stay up是固定短语，意为“熬夜”。结合句意可知，这句话用一般现在时态陈述事实，故答案为The reason for your headache is that you often stay up late.
57．What he knows best is that he devotes most of his time to charity.
【详解】陈述句，一般现在时。主语是个从句他最为人知，引导词用what，what he knows best；系动词be动词指单数用is；表语是一个从句，用that连接，他的大部分时间most of his time；奉献devote sth. to sth.主语是第三人称单数，故动词用三单形式；慈善charity。故答案填What he knows best is that he devotes most of his time to charity.
58．whether we have enough time宾语从句 59．he asked定语从句 where the electrical equipment should be stored表语从句 60．what it used to be表语从句 61．that she works hard同位语从句 62．that he was before定语从句 63．Now you were free让步状语从句 64．Where there are schools and colleges地点状语从句 65．once firmed时间状语从句 66．as her twin sister does定语从句 67．The moment he opened the window时间状语从句
【解析】58．句意：这取决于我们是否有足够的时间。介词on后跟宾语从句，从句是whether we have enough time。故填whether we have enough time宾语从句。
59．句意：他问的问题是电气设备应该存放在哪里。此处he asked为省略了关系代词的定语从句，先行词为The question；此处where the electrical equipment should be stored作表语，为表语从句。故填he asked定语从句 where the electrical equipment should be stored表语从句。
60．句意：这座山已经不是以前的样子了。此处what it used to be作表语，为表语从句。故填what it used to be表语从句。
61．句意：她努力工作的事实是众所周知的。此处that she works hard为同位语从句，对The fact进行解释说明，that没有意义，不作任何成分。故填that she works hard同位语从句。
62．句意：他已经不是以前的那个人了。此处that he was before为定语从句，that在从句中作表语，先行词为the man。故填that he was before定语从句。
63．句意：既然你有空了，为什么不和我们一起去游泳呢？此处Now等于Now that既然，引导让步状语从句，从句是Now you were free。故填Now you were free让步状语从句。
64．句意：哪里有学校和学院，哪里就有考试。此处从属连词where引导的是地点状语从句，从句是Where there are schools and colleges，主句为there are examinations。故填Where there are schools and colleges地点状语从句。
65．句意：坏习惯一旦养成就很难戒掉。once一旦，此处引导时间状语从句，从句是once firmed。故填once firmed时间状语从句。
66．句意：她经常穿和她双胞胎妹妹一样的裙子。此处as her twin sister does为定语从句，as在从句中作宾语。故填as her twin sister does定语从句。
67．句意：他一打开窗户，一只鸟就飞了进来。The moment一……就，引导时间状语从句，从句是The moment he opened the window，主句为a bird flew in。故填The moment he opened the window时间状语从句。
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