高考英语单项选择分类训练:主谓一致(含解析)

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名称 高考英语单项选择分类训练:主谓一致(含解析)
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更新时间 2023-05-09 11:39:38

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单项选择
1.In the past decades, some number plates _______ extremely valuable, particularly those that spell out words.
A.had become B.have become C.has become D.became
2.In recent years, we _________ large areas of wetland that was damaged by human activity.
A.see B.saw C.have seen D.had seen
3.I ______ a habit of running in the morning since I was in kindergarten.
A.keep B.kept C.have kept D.had kept
4.The old man was very happy when he ______ by the lovely kids.
A.is surrounded B.was surrounded
C.would be surrounded D.had surrounded
5.Of equal importance________good habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.
A.be B.being C.is D.are
6.Drinking cola often________the cinema experience more enjoyable.
A.make B.makes C.made D.has made
7.Since Mrs. Wang got angry today, I think Bob will see to it that he ________ in his report on time this time.
A.would hand B.has handed C.hands D.will hand
8.Recently, not only the students but also the professor in the study of the latest _______theory, and they work day and night.
A.has been absorbed; literal; literately B.have been absorbed; literary; literately
C.has been absorbed; literary; literally D.have been absorbed; literal; literally
9.The pen ________ well.
A.is written B.writes C.was written D.writing
10.When stretching your legs or arm muscles, you can use the stability of your central core muscles to ensure the rest of the body ________in proper alignment (排成直线).
A.to stay B.staying C.stayed D.stays
11.You may ______ to believe that early to bed and early to rise ______ you healthy, wealthy and wise.
A.have been led, makes B.had led; makes
C.be led; make D.lead; make
12.Peter was the only one of the students who ________ by the English teacher.
A.praised B.was praised C.were praised D.praises
13.Large amounts of data ________ in the past ten years.
A.have been collected B.were collected C.was collected D.has been collected
14.This is the only one of the best novels that ________published last year.
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
15.At the foot of the mountain ________a village which is small and quiet.
A.is lied B.lies
C.is lay D.lying
16.Turkish officials are saying that the number of people who ________ by the earthquakes that took place in southeastern Turkey ________ at least 20 million.
A.had been affected; reaches B.has affected; reach
C.was affected; reach D.have been affected; reaches
17.The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as ___________ its soils and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.
A.is B.has C.are D.have
18.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ previously unprotected.
A.were B.has been C.was D.had been
19.Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ________ on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.
A.has been B.is C.have been D.are
20.The rich ________ not always happy.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
21.The young man upstairs________ by a policeman. Do you know what happened to him
A.is being questioned B.is questioned
C.is questioning D.questioned
22.The use of radar as well as the two-way radio for the police to intercept most speeders.
A.makes it a possibility B.make possible it C.makes it possible D.make possible
23. in her veins some of the blood of the bohemian and the adventuress who runs barefoot.
A.There flown B.Here flew C.There flows D.Here flow
24.________information on this topic________ available on the Internet.
A.Large quantities of; are B.Large quantities of; is
C.A large quantity; are D.A large quantity; is
25.I don’t know how you think you can keep it a secret; people ________ find out sooner or later.
A.bound B.bound to C.are bound to D.are bounded to
26.— John, I ________ a really good novel these days. Would you like to read it too
— What is it about I don’t like stories that ________ unhappy endings.
A.am reading; has B.am reading; have
C.have read; has D.will read; have
27.In the middle of the woods a deep lake, you can find various fishes.
A.lie, where B.lies, which C.lie, which D.lies, where
28.The temple is one of the attractions that________.
A.is worthy to be visited B.is worth to be visited
C.are worthy to be visited D.are worth to be visited
29.The number of people who ________cars ________in the past 20 years.
A.own; increased B.owns; have increased
C.own; has increased D.owns; has been increasing
30.Sometimes giving a gift is better than spoken communication, since the message it _____ can break through barriers of language.
A.offered B.offers C.will offer D.has offered
31.The number of extra-curricular activities and teachers ________ my interest _________increasing.
A.which arouse; are B.who arouses; is C.that arouses; are D.that arouse; is
32.The number of firms selling computers in those regions over the last few years.
A.are falling B.have fallen C.has fallen D.is falling
33.In the south of the river ________.
A.a small factory lay B.did a small factory lie
C.lies a small factory D.does a small factory lie
34.Brown as well as the other basketball players who ________ well trained by Coach Young ________ the championship in this season.
A.are; has won B.are; have won C.is; has won D.is; have won
35.Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and higher temperatures actually drove the evolution of far greater numbers of new rainforest plant species ______ wiped out.
A.which were B.as were C.than it was D.than were
36.________ is known to all that the outstanding academic atmosphere, as well as various festivals and sports, ________ many students to our school.
A.It; draws B.Which; draw C.What; draws D.As; draw
37.There _______ a lot of resistance to the new law a month ago.
A.be B.is C.were D.was
38.Look! The teacher as well as the students _____ working in the lab now.
A.is B.are C.will be D.has been
39.____ the Terracotta Army _____ some exchange students.
A.Visit, were B.Visiting, were
C.To visit, was D.To be visited, were
40.______ can be done ______ done.
A.All; have been B.All that; has been
C.All; has D.All that; have been
41.Steven ________the new iPad he bought on the Internet to take classes online, which will be sent to his home next week.
A.had expected B.has been expecting C.was expecting D.will expect
42.She with her friends ________ TV now.
A.watch B.are watching C.is watching D.Watches
43.The population of Shanghai ________ very big and most of its population ________ native people.
A.are; is B.is; is C.are; are D.is; are
44.Not Thomas, but his two sisters ________ to blame for the accident, ________ they fought to grab the wheel while he was driving.
A.are; once B.are; as C.is; since D.is; unless
45.Paper ________ in ancient China more than 2,000 years ago.
A.invented B.was invented C.invent D.is invented
46.Every teacher and every student _________ that Taiwan is an inseparable part of us.
A.believe B.had believed C.believes D.have believed
47.Neither your sister nor mine__________the good news. Let’s tell them.
A.know B.knows C.knew D.known
48.I don’t think I ________ you in that dress before.
A.have seen B.was seeing C.saw D.see
49.Volunteering our time to help people ________ a good way to learn new things.
A.am B.are C.is D.was
50.Aizhai Bridge ________ in March 2012 and it is one of the highest bridges in Asian.
A.built B.was built C.is built D.has been built
51.We can learn from the educational program how to make positive choices when _________ with personal conflicts.
A.we face B.facing C.faced D.being faced
52.A total of 35 Chinese universities ________ among the world's 500 best in a ranking released by China's Shanghai Jiao Tong University on Monday.
A.ranked B.rank C.ranks D.ranking
53.On the wall________a noticeboard that says, “Please keep a two-meter distance from each other when you are lining up for the nucleic-acid test”.
A.hangs B.is hanged C.hanging D.is hung
54.Betty will ring me up when she ______ in Beijing.
A.arrive B.arrives C.arrived D.will arrive
55.This is one of the tallest buildings ________ been rebuilt since last year.
A.which have B.that has C.which has D.that have
56.Tom will call me as soon as he ________ home.
A.gets B.has got
C.got D.will get
57.Excuse me, Madam. Ellen, a journalist from the Daily Mail ________all day. Could you speak to him now
A.was phoned B.has been phoned C.is phoning D.has been phoning
58.Steam engines ________to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.
A.are used B.used C.have been used D.were used
59.In our campus , which was built many years ago.
A.a building stands
B.a building lies
C.stands a building
D.lies a building
60.—I feel excited to talk with our teacher about sports!
—So do I. Not only we students but also our teacher ________ fond of watching basketball matches.
A.is B.had been C.have been D.were
61.I used to feel like 50 percent of my time________ researching new restaurants.
A.were spent B.have been spent C.was spent D.has been spent
62.Neither your brother nor mine ________ the good news. Let’s tell them.
A.know B.knows C.had known D.have known
63.From 650 to 323 BC the Greek civilization made advances in various fields that ______ the world ever since and will continue to do so.
A.have influenced B.influenced
C.had influenced D.are influencing the world
64.Neither I nor the President and actor ______ in an American accent.
A.speak B.speaks C.has D.have
65.The number of the elderly as well as a number of other statistics like booster-injected rate (加强针接种率)and mask-wearing rate ______ a significant effect on the spread of Omicron-Covid since 2021.
A.had had B.have had C.has had D.has been had
66.The popularity of The Sonnets which ______ already amongst the best-sellers of Shakespeare in 1609 made him the one of the best English poets.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
67.Studies carried out a decade ago showed 48% of the marriageable in Shanghai ______ in favor of staying single.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
68.Inside the library ______ two large reading rooms, which ______ open to students from Monday to Friday.
A.is; are B.are; is C.is; is D.are; are
69.Sitting with the head and shoulders bent forward ________pressure on the stomach, forcing acid up the gullet, the tube through which food passes from the mouth to the stomach.
A.putting B.put C.puts D.have put
70.My sister, as well as her classmates, _________ by Mr. Hunt.
A.praised B.are praised C.was praised D.were praised
参考答案:
1.B
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:过去的几十年里,一些车牌变得极其宝贵,特别是那些能拼出单词的车牌。In the past decades为时间状语,一般与现在完成时连用,主语some number plates是复数概念,谓语动词也用复数形式。故选B。
2.C
【详解】考查现在完成时态。句意:近年来,我们看到大面积的湿地被人类活动破坏。根据时间状语In recent years可知,句子用现在完成时,且句子主语是we,所以谓语动词用复数形式。故选C。
3.C
【详解】考查时态。句意:我从幼儿园起就养成了早上跑步的习惯。根据空后since引导的时间状语从句可知,空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态:has/have done;主语是第一人称单数I,所以此处助动词需用have。故选C。
4.B
【详解】考查动词语态。句意:当老人被可爱的孩子们包围时,他非常高兴。主句用的是一般过去时,描述过去发生的事,从句也应用一般过去时,主语he和动词surround是被动关系,此处表示“被围绕”,应用一般过去时的被动语态,be动词应用was。故选B。
5.D
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:良好的习惯、有用的技能和积极的态度同样重要。分析句子可知,此处是表系主的全部倒装结构,根据句意可知,此处是在陈述客观事实,主语为good habits, useful skills and a positive attitude,为复数形式,故be动词也应用复数形式。故选D项。
6.B
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:喝可乐常常使我们的电影体验更加愉快。根据句意和句中often可知,句子陈述的是经常性、习惯性的动作,应用一般现在时,句子为动名词Drinking cola作主语,谓语动词应用单数,make的三单形式为makes。故选B项。
7.C
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:既然Mrs. Wang今天生气了,我想鲍勃这次会注意按时交报告的。“see to it that”意为“一定做到,务必保证”,that后的句子中用一般现在时,主语he是单数,因此空格处用第三人称单数,故选C。
8.C
【详解】考查谓语动词的单复数、形容词作定语和副词词义辨析。句意:最近,不仅学生们,连教授们都在潜心研究最新的文学理论,他们几乎没日没夜地工作。not only…but also连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词就近,即 和the professor保持一致,所以第一空用单数第三人称形式,在A和C中选;第二空指“文学理论”,形容词作定语修饰名词,即literary theory,所以第二空在B和C中选;第三空是副词辨析,literately的意思是“有读写能力地”,literally的意思是“真正地,确实地,简直”,所以第三空在C和D中选。故选C。
9.B
【详解】考查谓语动词时态及语态。句意:这根钢笔书写起来很好用。write与well连用,表示主语(the pen)内在性能,这里指钢笔的性质,钢笔很好用。write做不及物动词用,不能用于被动语态。句子陈述客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语单三人称。故选B项。
10.D
【详解】考查动词时态。句意:当拉伸腿部或手臂肌肉时,你可以利用中央核心肌肉的稳定性来确保身体的其他部分保持适当的对齐。“动词ensure+(that)从句”是固定句型,描述客观规律,应用一般现在时,主语the rest of the body是单数,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选D项。
11.A
【详解】考查情态动词和主谓一致。句意:你可能已经被引导相信早睡早起使你健康、富有和聪明。表示对过去发生的事情的推测,用情态动词+have done。主语You与lead之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。从句陈述客观事实,所以用一般现在时,主语early to bed and early to rise的意思是“早起早睡”,是一个整体,作主语,后面的谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式。故选A。
12.B
【详解】考查时态,主谓一致。句意:彼得是唯一一个受到英语老师表扬的学生。分析句子成分可知,关系代词指代的先行词是“the only one”,one指代上文的student,是单数,与谓语动词praise是被动关系,在定语从句中充当主语,所以定语从句的谓语动词应为单数。照应主句谓语动词“was”的时态,从句也应为一般过去时。故选B。
13.A
【详解】考查时态,主谓一致。句意:在过去的十年中收集了大量的数据。根据时间状语“in the past ten years”可知,应用现在完成时。照应主语“Large amounts of data”,为动作承受者,故用被动语态。短语“large amounts of+n.”作主语,谓语动词用复数。故选A。
14.C
【详解】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:这是唯一一本去年出版的最好的小说。空格处在定语从句中充当谓语动词,结合时间状语last year可知,应用一般过去时,关系代词that指代先行词 the only one of the best novels,为单数概念,从句的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选C项。
15.B
【详解】考查动词时态及倒装结构。句意:在山脚下有一个小而安静的村庄。分析句子结构和意思可知,At the foot of the mountain是介词短语作地点状语,放在句首时,句子要全倒装,即把整个谓语提到主语前面。这句话描述的是现在的事实,谓语用一般现在时,主语是a village,谓语用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
16.D
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:土耳其官员说,受土耳其东南部地震影响的人数至少达到2000万。第一空在who引导的定语从句作谓语,句子表示从过去到现在地震影响了人们,应用现在完成时,且who代指先行词people,和动词affect(影响)为被动关系,应用现在完成时的被动,从句主语who代指people,为复数,所以第一空为have been affected,第二空作that引导的宾语从句的谓语,句子描述一般性事实,应用一般现在时,宾语从句的主语是the number of people,the number of(……的数量)后面加可数名词复数,谓语动词应用单数,故选D。
17.C
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:大气是地球的一部分,同样,土壤及湖泊,河流和海洋中的水也是地球的一部分。as much… as为固定词组意为“和……一样”,第二个as引导的是比较状语从句,主句中的谓语动词为be动词is,从句也应该用be动词才能使句子平行;从句中主语its soils and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans是复数,因此应该用复数形式are。故选C项。
18.A
【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将保护范围扩大到以前未受保护的大量地区。分析句子可知,此处为that引导的定语从句中谓语动词,因先行词areas为复数名词在从句中作主语成分,所以动词使用复数形式,结合句意和副词previously可知,应用一般过去时。故选A项。
19.B
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。大部分都被储存起来或用于研究。分析句子可知,此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语only a small part of a museum’s collection 是单数,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
20.A
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:富人并不总是幸福的。空前的“the rich”表示“富人”,指复数,由“always”可知,时态是一般现在时,空后是形容词,所以空处应填系动词,所以填are。故选A项。
21.A
【详解】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:楼上的那个年轻人正在接受警察的盘问。你知道他出什么事了吗?由“Do you know what happened to him”可知,句子表示“楼上的那个年轻人正在被警察盘问”,由by可知,空格处用现在进行时的被动语态,即is/are being done,主语The young man是单数,因此空格处是is being questioned,故选A。
22.C
【详解】考查主谓一致和固定搭配。句意:雷达和双向无线电的使用使警察有可能拦截大多数超速行驶的人。make it+形容词+to do是固定搭配,意为“使得做……是……”,其中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式,as well as连接主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于其前面的主语,此处应取决于主语The use of radar,为单数,句子描述一般性事实,用一般现在时,谓语动词make应用三单形式,故选C。
23.C
【详解】考查完全倒装和一般现在时。句意:她的血管里流淌着波西米亚人和赤脚奔跑的女冒险家的血液。分析句子,根据后文的runs可知表述客观事实,故用一般现在时。同时当here,there等词置于句首时,后面使用完全倒装结构,主语some of the blood是不可数名词,主谓一致,故用There flows,表示“那里流淌着……”,故选C。
24.A
【详解】考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意:关于这个主题的大量信息可以在因特网上找到。选项中A large quantity后不能直接加名词,需在后面加介词of再加名词,所以C, D选项错误。Large quantities of后可直接加名词,其中主语是quantities,为复数形式,后be动词应该用are。故选A项。
25.C
【详解】考查固定短语、时态和主谓一致。句意:我不知道你怎么认为能保守秘密;人们迟早一定会发现的。分析句子可知,句子陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,根据句意可知,句中涉及固定短语“be bound to do sth.”,意为“一定会做某事”,集体名词people作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,故be动词用are。故选C项。
26.B
【详解】考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意:——约翰,这几天我在读一本很好的小说。你也想读吗?——它是关于什么的?我不喜欢结局不愉快的故事。第一空根据these days可知,应用现在进行时,表示现阶段正在发生的动作;第二空是定语从句的谓语动词,that作从句主语,指代先行词stories,从句谓语动词应用复数形式。故选B。
27.D
【详解】考查时态、主谓一致和定语从句关系词。句意:在树林中间有一个很深的湖,在那里你可以找到各种各样的鱼。分析句子结构可知,地点介词短语放句首,主谓完全倒装,主语是a deep lake,为第三人称单数,描述的是客观事实,用一般现在时,所以一空处填lies,二空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是a deep lake, 关系词在从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导。故选D项。
28.C
【详解】考查定语从句主谓一致。句意:这个寺庙是值得参观的景点之一。“值得做某事”表示为be worth doing sth或者be worthy to do sth,故B和D两个选项错误,be worthy to be done表示“某事值得被做”。根据句意可知,that引导定语从句,在定语从句中,one of后面的先行词是名词复数,谓语动词则用复数形式。“the attractions”,是名词复数,故be动词用are。故选C项。
29.C
【详解】考查主谓一致及时态。句意:在过去的20年里,拥有汽车的人数增加了。第一空是定语从句的谓语动词,从句主语who指代people,谓语动词应用复数形式;第二空是主句的谓语动词,主语是the number of people,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式,由in the past 20 years可知,应用现在完成时,助动词使用has。故选C。
30.B
【详解】考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:有时候送礼物比口头交流更好,因为它提供的信息可以打破语言障碍。分析句子可知,message后是一个省略了关系代词that的定语从句,该从句缺谓语,句子描述的是一般性客观事实,所以用一般现在时,主语it是单数,主谓保持一致,填offers。故选B项。
31.D
【详解】考查定语从句以及主谓一致。句意:我感兴趣的课外活动和教师的数量正在增加。分析句子结构可知,第一个为定语从句的引导词以及定语从句的谓语动词,该定语从句修饰先行词extra-curricular activities and teachers。先行词定语从句中作主语,句子为一般现在时态,所以谓语动词用复数形式。当先行词即有人又有物时,只能用that引导;第二个空为主句的谓语动词。the number of+n意为“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,句子为一般现在时态。故选D。
32.C
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:过去几年,在那些地区销售电脑的公司数量有所下降。根据时间状语over the last few years可知,句子应用现在完成时,the number of表示“……的数量”,作句子主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,即has fallen。故选C项。
33.C
【详解】考查倒装句。句意:在河的南面有一个小工厂。分析句子可知,介词短语In the south of the river表示地点,置于句首时句子要用全部倒装,且句子是描述一个事实,应用一般现在时,主语factory是名词单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式lies。故选C。
34.A
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:布朗和其他受过Young教练良好训练的篮球运动员在本赛季赢得了冠军。分析句子可知,who引导定语从句,修饰先行词players,关系代词在从句中作主语,关系代词指代先行词,从句谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致,故用复数are,空二是主句谓语动词,当as well as连接两个成分作主语时,其后谓语的单复数形式通常要与前面一个主语保持一致,主句谓语动词与主语Brown保持人称和数的一致,用单数,故用has won,故选A。
35.D
【详解】考查定语从句。句意:大气中不断上升的二氧化碳和更高的温度实际上推动了热带雨林新植物物种的进化,数量远远超过了被消灭的物种。分析可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词numbers被形容词比较级greater修饰,且从句缺少主语,应用准关系代词than引导从句,此时than为复数概念,谓语动词用复数形式。故选D。
36.A
【详解】考查固定句型和主谓一致。句意:众所周知,我们学校优秀的学术氛围,以及各种节日和体育活动吸引了许多学生来我校。分析句子可知,第一空为固定句型it is known to sb. that...“众所周知……”,it是形式主语,that引导主语从句,而此空应填形式主语It;第二空考查主谓一致,主语后跟as well as等附属成分时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致,主语atmosphere为不可数名词,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选A项。
37.D
【详解】考查时态及主谓一致。句意:一个月前,这项新法律遭到了很多抵制。根据a month ago可知,此处应用一般过去时;句子的主语为resistance,意为“抵制”是不可数名词,there be句型的主谓一致符合就近原则,故系动词用was。故选D。
38.A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:看!老师和学生们现在都在实验室工作。根据句中“Look!”和“now”可知, 描述正在发生的时态,应用现在进行时态be working;当主语后接介词短语或其他插入语,如with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including……时,不影响主语的人称和数,谓语动词应根据主语的人称和数来确定,所以系动词与主语The teacher保持人称与数的一致,用is。故选A项。
39.B
【详解】考查倒装句和主谓一致。句意:参观秦始皇兵马俑的是一些交换生。分析句子可知,本句为表语前置的完全倒装,真正主语为some exchange students“一些交换生”,故谓语动词应该是复数形式;而动词visit“参观”在句中应该与be动词构成过去进行时,即使用现在分词形式visiting,表进行和主动。故选B项。
40.B
【详解】考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意:所有能做的都做了。分析句子可知,all是句子的主语,后跟定语从句can be done;表示“所有能做的”,定语从句的先行词是all,定语从句只能用that引导;句子的主语是单数概念,助动词用has。故选B。
41.B
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:史蒂文一直在期待他在网上买的新iPad来在线上课,下周iPad就会送到他家里。由“which will be sent to his home next week”可知,他是自从在网上买了以后一直在期待新iPad的到来,时态用现在完成进行时,即have/has been doing,表示一个动作从过去持续到现在,且可能继续下去,主语Steven是单数,因此空格处是has been expecting,故选B。
42.C
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:她和她的朋友们现在正在看电视。根据句意及时间状语now可知,该句描述的是此刻正在进行的动作,故用现在进行时态,结构为be+doing。主语中有with连接的并列名词和代词时,谓语动词取决于with前的名词或代词,所以该句的be动词取决于She,故用单数形式is。故选C。
【点睛】引申:
主语中心词后面有表示“增、减、补充说明”的词组时,主谓一致仍看原中心词。
1. 表示增加的:as well as, with, along with, together with, in addition to, accompanied by, besides, plus等。
例:The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV.
那个人和他的妻儿坐在沙发上看电视。
2. 表示减去的:except, but(除去)等。
例:All the students except Tom have been to America.
除汤姆外,其他学生都去过美国。
3. 表示补充说明的:including, rather than, like, such as等。
例:The factory, including its machines and buildings, was burnt last night.
这个工厂,包括机器和建筑物,昨晚都被烧了。
43.D
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:上海的人口数很大而且大多数居民是本地人。population 表示“人口数”并单独作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数;当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时,谓语动词用复数形式时,故选 D 。
44.B
【详解】考查主谓一致和原因状语从句。句意:不是Thomas而是他的姐姐们应该对车祸负责,因为她们在他开车时争抢方向盘。分析句子可知,not…but…意为“不是……而是………”,连接名词或代词作主语时,需遵循就近原则,因此第一个空处需使用be动词的复数形式are。第二个空处后句意完整,且该句是解释“姐姐们对车祸负责”的原因,因此可以使用as引导原因状语从句。故选B。
45.B
【详解】考查时态,语态和主谓一致。句意:两千多年前,中国古代就发明了纸。由“2,000 years ago”可知,句子时态用一般过去时,纸是被发明,因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态,即was/were done,主语Paper是不可数名词,因此空格处是was invented,故选B。
46.C
【详解】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:每一个老师和学生都相信台湾是我们不可分割的一部分。分析句子可知,在that引导的宾语从句中,从句谓语动词is为一般现在时,结合句意可知,主句也应为一般现在时。and连接的两个名词前有every修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式,所以此处谓语动词应为一般现在时单数形式。故选C项。
47.B
【详解】考查主谓一致和一般现在时。句意:你妹妹和我妹妹都不知道这个好消息。让我们告诉他们。根据“Let’s tell them.”可知,此处是指现在的客观事实,所以应用一般现在时。“neither...nor...”的主谓一致使用“就近原则”,mine是指“我的妹妹”,为第三人称单数。故选B。
48.A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我以前没见过你穿这条裙子。由before可知,句子表示“我以前没见过你穿这条裙子”,空格处用现在完成时,主语I是第一人称,因此空格处是have seen。故选A。
49.C
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:自愿花时间帮助别人是学习新事物的好方法。分析句子可知,该句中单个动名词短语作主语,谓语应使用单数形式,且该句描述客观事实,应使用一般现在时。故选C。
50.B
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意:矮寨桥建于2012年3月,是亚洲最高的桥梁之一。设空处为谓语动词,根据时间状语 in March 2012,可知应用一般过去时,主语和谓语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,主语是Aizhai Bridge,谓语用第三人称单数,故选B。
51.C
【详解】考查时态,固定短语和省略。句意:我们可以从教育节目中学习如何在面对个人冲突时做出积极的选择。be faced with是固定短语,意为“面对”,根据语境可知,when引导的时间状语从句是when we are faced wth personal conflicts,时间状语从句中主语和主句主语一致,且从句中有be动词时可省略从句中的主语和be动词,因此空格处是faced,故选C。
52.B
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:中国上海交通大学周一发布的排名中,共有35所中国大学跻身世界500强。分析句子结构可知,rank一词在句子中作为谓语动词使用,a total of(总共)修饰可数名词复数时,其谓语动词使用复数形式,并且这个排名结果描述的是“现阶段”的一般性事实,使用一般现在时。故选B。
53.A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:墙上挂着一个布告栏,上面写着:“核酸检测排队时,请大家保持2米距离。”本句是完全倒装结构,空处为主句谓语动词,结合语境和says可知,此处强调现在的状态,应用一般现在时的主动语态,主语a noticeboard为第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数形式。故选A。
54.B
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:贝蒂到达北京后会给我打电话。主句为一般将来时,when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时态表将来。时间状语从句中的主语为she,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
55.D
【详解】考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意:这是去年以来重建的最高的建筑物之一。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词buildings是物,且被最高级tallest修饰,因此用关系代词that引导定语从句,排除A和C;定语从句中谓语动词形式和先行词保持一致,先行词buildings是复数,因此that后是have,故选D。
56.A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:汤姆一到家就会给我打电话。连词短语as soon as一……就……,引导条件状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,所以应用一般现在时。从句主语为he,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选A。
57.D
【详解】考查时态。句意:对不起,Ellen夫人,《每日邮报》的记者打了一整天的电话。你现在可以跟他讲话吗?根据句意可知,动词phone和主语“a journalist from the Daily Mail”之间是主动关系,故排除A和B项,结合句意,根据时间状语all day,此处应用现在完成进行时,表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去,基本结构为“have/has been doing”,主语“a journalist”是单数,因此空格处是has been phoning。故选D。
58.D
【详解】考查时态、语态。句意:蒸汽机是用来拉车厢的,有烟雾和噪音,对乘客来说一定是相当不舒服的。陈述过去的动作用一般过去时态;设空处为谓语动词,主语Steam engines 为复数,与动词use之间为动宾关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,且助动词为were。故选D项。
59.C
【详解】考查全部倒装、时态和主谓一致。句意:在我们的校园里矗立着一座大楼,它是多年前建造的。动词stand (矗立、直立)符合句意,动词lie (位于),作地点状语的介词短语In our campus放句首,主谓全部倒装,本句讲述现在的一般事实,时态用一般现在时,主语a building单数,谓语动词stand单数形式。故选C项。
60.A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:——能和老师谈论体育,我感到很兴奋!——我也是。不仅我们学生喜欢看篮球比赛,我们老师也喜欢看。not only...but also...连接并列的主语时,其后的谓语动词的单复数根据就近原则来确定,也就是根据“our teacher”来定,“our teacher”是单数,排除C和D,根据语境可知,句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,因此空格处用is,故选A。
61.C
【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:以前我觉得我50%的时间都花在研究新餐厅上了。空格处是从句谓语动词,从句中的主语50 percent of my time,分数百分数修饰名词作主语,谓语动词与所修饰的名词保持人称和数的一致,time为不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数。排除AB两项;time与spend是被动关系,用被动语态,根据前文used to可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故选C项。
62.B
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:你的妹妹和我的妹妹都不知道这个好消息,让我们告诉他们。A.know知道;B.knows知道;C.had known知道;D.have known知道。根据neither...nor...表示既不...也不,neither...nor…连接两个主语时,谓语动词根据临近原则决定,叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。此处mine相当于my sister,是三单式,应用knows。故选B。
63.A
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:从公元前650年到公元前323年,希腊文明在各个影响了世界的领域取得了进步,并将继续影响世界。由“ever since”可知,句子时态是现在完成时,主语that指代先行词advances in various fields,是复数,因此空格处是have influenced。故选A。
64.B
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:我和总统兼演员说话都没有美国口音。speak in用……交谈。either...nor...连接两个主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。the President and actor指的是总统兼演员,指的是同一个人,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选B。
65.C
【详解】考查时态。句意:老年人的数量,以及一些其他统计数据,如加强针注射率和口罩穿戴率,对新冠奥密克戎自2021以来的传播有显著影响。 have a significant effect on“对……有显著影响”,是固定短语;结合语境和时间状语since 2021判断用现在完成时;当as well as连接两个部分作主语时,谓语动词的数和前面的主语保持一致,本句和The number of the elderly保持一致,助动词用has。故选C。
66.B
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:《十四行诗》在1609年就是莎士比亚的畅销书之一,它的流行使他成为最好的英国诗人之一。分析句子可知,“which ______ already amongst the best-sellers of Shakespeare in 1609”是定语从句,修饰先行词The popularity of The Sonnets,设空处是从句谓语动词,根据从句中时间状语in 1609可知, 讲述过去的事情,用一般过去时态,又因主语which,即The popularity of The Sonnets,是不可数名词,所以谓语动词用单数。 故选B项。
67.D
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:十年前的研究显示,在上海的适婚人群中,48%的人支持单身。名词被百分数修饰时,谓语动词的单复数由名词决定,the+adj.指代一类人是复数意义,因此“48% of the marriageable”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;根据主语谓语动词showed和“carried out a decade ago”可知,研究展示的是10年前的结果,应用一般过去时。综上,故选D。
68.B
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:图书馆内有两个大型阅览室,周一至周五对学生开放。分析句子结构可知,主句是一个倒装句,谓语应与后面的主语保持一致,主语two large reading rooms为复数,因而be动词用are;后面的从句是非限制性定语从句,关系代词which替代先行词the library,为单数,因而用is。故选B。
69.C
【详解】考查主谓一致。句意:头和肩膀向前弯曲的坐姿会对胃造成压力,迫使胃酸上涌食道,食道是食物从口腔进入胃的管道。 分析句子结构可知,此处为谓语动词;句子主语是动名词“sitting”,所以谓语动词要用单数。故选C项。
70.C
【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意:我姐姐和她的同学们都受到了亨特先生的表扬。分析句子可知,praise(表扬)是句中谓语动词,与主语sister之间是被动关系;当主语后有as well as,with,together with,in addition to等附加结构时,适用就远原则,谓语动词与前面的主语My sister保持一致,用第三人称单数形式。综上,谓语应用被动语态,单数形式。故选C项。