【词，句重难点课件】Unit 3 单元总结 高中英语 人教版（2019）选择性必修二
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| 名称 | 【词，句重难点课件】Unit 3 单元总结 高中英语 人教版（2019）选择性必修二 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-09 20:41:01 | ||
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Unit 3
Food and Culture
知识·技能·考试
戳考点
本单元高频考点：
1.consist 2.consume 3.associate 4.regardless 5.过去完成时
1.consist
consist在语法填空中常考查其现在分词形式作定语。
例 [黑龙江哈尔滨三中2022高二学业水平考试] Soon after the quakes, a rescue team __________
（consist） of more than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care.
consisting
[解析] 句意为：地震发生后不久，一支由1万多名医生和护士组成的救援队赶来提供医疗救治。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词came，此处的consist应用非谓语形式，a rescue team 和consist of之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填consisting。
2.consume
consume在语法填空中常考查：①词性转换，其名词形式为consumption和consumer；②动词的时态和语态。
例1 [湖北鄂南高中等十一校2022高三联考·改编] The energy ____________ （consume） of wireless
networks will definitely increase a lot if efficiency of existing networks remains unchanged.
consumption
例2 [全国乙2022·改编] However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the
sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting __________ （consume）.
consumers
例3 [河北邯郸名校联盟2022高二联考] There are many conventional rules about wine.One common myth
is that a bottle of wine should _____________ （consume） fully on the same day when it is opened.
be consumed
3.associate
associate在语法填空中常考查：①固定搭配be associated with…；②词性转换，其名词形式为association。
例1 [北京2022·改编] Gas naturally has no recognisable smell.However, a strong smell is added so that
we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell __________ （associate） with danger.
associated
[解析] 固定短语be associated with… 意为“与……有关”，此处为后置定语。
例2 [课标全国Ⅱ2020] Bamboo plants are associated _____ health, abundance and a happy home.
with
例3 [黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中2022高二期末] The leader informed us that our football ___________
（associate） needs some volunteers to meet the visiting foreign viewers.
association
[解析] 此处在从句中作主语，意为“协会”，应用名词；从句谓语needs为第三人称单数形式，主语应为单数形式。
4.regardless
（1）regardless在语法填空中常考查其和介词of的搭配。
例1 [江苏镇江五校2022高二联考] So what factors give some people a stronger immune system than
others, regardless ___ age
of
（2）regardless在完形填空中常考查对regardless of的含义的把握。
例2 ___ being badly hurt, the old lady looked up at Tom with love in her eyes and gave him a little
smile.
B
A.Out of B.Regardless of C.Thanks to D.As to
例3 [课标全国Ⅰ2020·改编] What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity
（机会） of some sort, and ___ opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just stare at it and
wonder, “What if it isn't a door ” That is, “What if it isn't a real opportunity ”
D
A.by comparison with B.in addition to C.regardless of D.instead of
[解析] 根据opening the door… it and wonder可知，此处表示转折，instead of 意为“代替……；而不是……”，符合语境。
5.过去完成时
例1 [浙江2022年1月·改编] The downturn hit the real estate firm where she ____________ （work）
for ten years as an office manager.
had worked
[解析] 句意为：她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。根据动词hit为过去式判断，“经济低迷打击了这家公司”发生在过去，而她在此之前是办公室经理，故用过去完成时。
例2 [重庆巴蜀中学2022月考] By the end of last year, 920 online parenting education schools for
primary and secondary schools___________________ （establish） across Zhejiang, accounting for 15
percent of the province's primary and secondary schools.
had been established
[解析] 句意为：截至去年年底，浙江全省已建立920所中小学数字家长学校，占全省中小学总数的15%。主语schools与establish 之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语By the end of last year可知，应用过去完成时的被动语态。
例3 [全国乙2021·改编] She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team __________
（do） for her.
had done
[解析] 根据语境和主句中的was可知，此处表示的动作发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。
例4 [天津2021年3月·改编] By the end of 2020, Pruitt ____________ （repair） more than 140 for
donation or to be returned to their owners.
had repaired
[解析] 根据时间状语By the end of 2020可知，此处表示的动作发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。
时文领读
主题：人与社会
体裁：说明文
词数：228
难度：中
阅读用时：6分钟
背景导入：中国饮食文化可以和其他艺术形式进行交流，这就使得它成为一门真正的艺术并赢得了国内外的高度赞誉。中国饮食注重三个要素——色、香、味，凭借多样的味道、复杂神奇的烹饪技巧以及形与味的结合，中国饮食文化已成为一种多彩的艺术形式。
阅读技巧：根据上下文语境及构词法猜测词义。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
making it a genuine art是“make+ 复合宾语”形式（使……成 为……）,在句中作结果状语 winning a high reputation是现在分 词短语，在句中作后置定语修饰art ___ Chinese dietary culture can communicate with other forms of art, thus making it a genuine art winning a high reputation at home and abroad. 主旨大意根据全篇及复
现率高的词Chinese,
China, diet, art等可总
结出本文的最佳标题是
The Art of Chinese
Diet。
段落大意第一
段：概述中国饮食文化
是一门享誉国内外的艺
术。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
living in different regions为现在分 词短语作后置定语 whereas为连词，意为“然而；但 是；尽管”，用以比较或对比两个 事实，可替换成while vary from A to B A和B之间存在 不同之处 China is a vast country with diverse① climates，customs，products，and habits.People living in different regions② display great variety in their diets.People in coastal areas eat more aquatic （水生 的） products and seafood， whereas those in central and northwest China eat more domestic animals and poultry （家禽 肉）.Foods vary from north to south.Tastes also differ regionally because of the climatic differences. 段落大意第二段：介绍
中国幅员辽阔，不同地
区的食物和人们的口味
都各不相同。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
by which引导定语从句，修饰先行 词factors Generally speaking, there are three essential③ factors by which Chinese cooking is judged， namely“colour, aroma④ and taste”.“Colour” refers to the layout⑤ and design of the dishes.“Aroma” means not only the smell of the dishes，but also the freshness of the materials and the blending of seasoning （佐料）.“Taste” involves proper seasoning and fine slicing techniques （刀功）.These three essential factors are achieved by careful coordination of a series of delicate activities: selecting ingredients, mixing flavours, timing and cooking， adjustment of the heat, and laying out the food on the plate. 段落大意第三段：分别介绍了中国饮食所注重的三个要素：色、香、味。词义猜测
猜测coordination的词义通过后文的列举，并结合句子结构可知，coordination是个名词，通过平时的积累，我们应知道前缀co-有“共同；联合”的意思，由此即可猜测出coordination有“配合；协作”的含义。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
With its diverse flavours， complicated and magical techniques， and the combination of appearance and taste， Chinese food culture has become a colourful art form. 段落大意第四段：总结
概括，回归主题：中国
饮食文化是一种多彩的
艺术形式。
写作特色最后一段a
colourful art form与第
一段forms of art构成呼
应，再次点明文章主
题。
① diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的 ② region n.地区 ③ essential adj.极其重要的 ④ aroma n.芳香；香味 ⑤ layout n.布局；布置 续表
【译文】
___
中国饮食文化可以和其他艺术形式进行交流，这使其成为一门赢得了国内外的高度赞誉的真正的艺术。
中国幅员辽阔，各地气候、风俗、物产和习惯都存在差异。生活在不同地区的人们饮食习惯大不相同。沿海地区的人们吃水产品和海鲜多一些，而中国中部和西北部的人们多食用家畜和家禽肉。北方和南方的食物也大不相同。由于气候不同，不同地区的人们口味也不同。
一般来说，中国菜从三个要素进行评判，即“色、香、味”。“色”是指菜的布局和设计。“香”不仅指菜的味道，还包括食材的新鲜度与佐料的搭配。“味”包括合适的调味和精湛的刀功。要成功实现这三个要素，需要一系列精细动作的悉心配合：选择原料、调味、计算时间并进行烹调、调节火候以及摆盘。
中国饮食文化凭借其多样的味道、复杂神奇的（烹饪）技巧以及形与味的结合，已成为一种多彩的艺术形式。
真题展示
[全国新高考Ⅰ2020·D篇] According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （份）, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly （表面上） participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have.However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case, she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I.Call it the “I'll have what she's having” effect.However, we'll adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了一项关于就餐同伴的体形和饮食习惯会影响人们食物摄入量的研究，结果表明，人们对他人体形和食量的看法会影响自己的饮食行为。
1.What is the recent study mainly about ( )
D
A.Food safety. B.Movie viewership. C.Consumer demand. D.Eating behavior.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句According to a recent study… can influence our food intake.可知，该研究主要是关于就餐同伴的体形和饮食习惯对人们食物摄入量的影响，属于饮食行为的范畴，故选D项。
2.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to ( )
D
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons. C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前半部分中的contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions可知，与现有的研究，即避免和食量大的超重人士一起吃饭相反，你真正应该避免的是与大食量的beanpoles一起吃饭；根据其中的contrary to并结合后文内容可推断，beanpoles的意思应与heavier people的意思相反，意为“瘦高个子”，故D项符合语境。
3.Why did the researchers hire the actor ( )
A
A.To see how she would affect the participants. B.To test if the participants could recognize her.
C.To find out what she would do in the two tests. D.To study why she could keep her weight down.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段中的To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.可知，该实验的目的是测试社会因素对人们饮食习惯的影响；而根据后文内容可知，被雇用的演员分别打扮成很胖和很瘦的样子去拿大量的食物，研究人员据此分析实验参与者的食物摄入情况。由此推断，研究人员雇这位演员的目的是观察她会对实验参与者产生怎样的影响。故选A项。
4.On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph ( )
C
A.How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be.
C.How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person… why can't I 可知，我们会因为对就餐同伴的看法而调节对方对自己的饮食行为的影响，若对方太胖又吃得太多，人们可能会“引以为戒”；若相反，很瘦的人胃口很大，人们则会效仿。故C项符合语境。
【微技能】词义猜测题的解题技巧
（1）根据逻辑关系推断。利用上下文中的转折、对比、因果等逻辑关系来推断词义；利用同位语、定语、定义、举例等推断词义。例如猜测句子All her attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.中画线单词的意思，可以根据原因状语从句because she was using the wrong key猜测futile意为“徒劳的”；
（2）通过构词法猜测。在利用语境的基础上可以结合构词法猜测意义。例如猜测句子This kind of antisocial behaviour is not allowed.中画线单词的意思，anti-为前缀，意为“反……的；抗……的”，social意为“社会的；社交的”，另外结合语境is not allowed可推断，antisocial意为“反社会的”。
Unit 3
Food and Culture
知识·技能·考试
戳考点
本单元高频考点：
1.consist 2.consume 3.associate 4.regardless 5.过去完成时
1.consist
consist在语法填空中常考查其现在分词形式作定语。
例 [黑龙江哈尔滨三中2022高二学业水平考试] Soon after the quakes, a rescue team __________
（consist） of more than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care.
consisting
[解析] 句意为：地震发生后不久，一支由1万多名医生和护士组成的救援队赶来提供医疗救治。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词came，此处的consist应用非谓语形式，a rescue team 和consist of之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填consisting。
2.consume
consume在语法填空中常考查：①词性转换，其名词形式为consumption和consumer；②动词的时态和语态。
例1 [湖北鄂南高中等十一校2022高三联考·改编] The energy ____________ （consume） of wireless
networks will definitely increase a lot if efficiency of existing networks remains unchanged.
consumption
例2 [全国乙2022·改编] However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the
sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting __________ （consume）.
consumers
例3 [河北邯郸名校联盟2022高二联考] There are many conventional rules about wine.One common myth
is that a bottle of wine should _____________ （consume） fully on the same day when it is opened.
be consumed
3.associate
associate在语法填空中常考查：①固定搭配be associated with…；②词性转换，其名词形式为association。
例1 [北京2022·改编] Gas naturally has no recognisable smell.However, a strong smell is added so that
we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell __________ （associate） with danger.
associated
[解析] 固定短语be associated with… 意为“与……有关”，此处为后置定语。
例2 [课标全国Ⅱ2020] Bamboo plants are associated _____ health, abundance and a happy home.
with
例3 [黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中2022高二期末] The leader informed us that our football ___________
（associate） needs some volunteers to meet the visiting foreign viewers.
association
[解析] 此处在从句中作主语，意为“协会”，应用名词；从句谓语needs为第三人称单数形式，主语应为单数形式。
4.regardless
（1）regardless在语法填空中常考查其和介词of的搭配。
例1 [江苏镇江五校2022高二联考] So what factors give some people a stronger immune system than
others, regardless ___ age
of
（2）regardless在完形填空中常考查对regardless of的含义的把握。
例2 ___ being badly hurt, the old lady looked up at Tom with love in her eyes and gave him a little
smile.
B
A.Out of B.Regardless of C.Thanks to D.As to
例3 [课标全国Ⅰ2020·改编] What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity
（机会） of some sort, and ___ opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just stare at it and
wonder, “What if it isn't a door ” That is, “What if it isn't a real opportunity ”
D
A.by comparison with B.in addition to C.regardless of D.instead of
[解析] 根据opening the door… it and wonder可知，此处表示转折，instead of 意为“代替……；而不是……”，符合语境。
5.过去完成时
例1 [浙江2022年1月·改编] The downturn hit the real estate firm where she ____________ （work）
for ten years as an office manager.
had worked
[解析] 句意为：她曾在一家房地产公司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。根据动词hit为过去式判断，“经济低迷打击了这家公司”发生在过去，而她在此之前是办公室经理，故用过去完成时。
例2 [重庆巴蜀中学2022月考] By the end of last year, 920 online parenting education schools for
primary and secondary schools___________________ （establish） across Zhejiang, accounting for 15
percent of the province's primary and secondary schools.
had been established
[解析] 句意为：截至去年年底，浙江全省已建立920所中小学数字家长学校，占全省中小学总数的15%。主语schools与establish 之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语By the end of last year可知，应用过去完成时的被动语态。
例3 [全国乙2021·改编] She was grateful for everything that the medical and nursing team __________
（do） for her.
had done
[解析] 根据语境和主句中的was可知，此处表示的动作发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。
例4 [天津2021年3月·改编] By the end of 2020, Pruitt ____________ （repair） more than 140 for
donation or to be returned to their owners.
had repaired
[解析] 根据时间状语By the end of 2020可知，此处表示的动作发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。
时文领读
主题：人与社会
体裁：说明文
词数：228
难度：中
阅读用时：6分钟
背景导入：中国饮食文化可以和其他艺术形式进行交流，这就使得它成为一门真正的艺术并赢得了国内外的高度赞誉。中国饮食注重三个要素——色、香、味，凭借多样的味道、复杂神奇的烹饪技巧以及形与味的结合，中国饮食文化已成为一种多彩的艺术形式。
阅读技巧：根据上下文语境及构词法猜测词义。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
making it a genuine art是“make+ 复合宾语”形式（使……成 为……）,在句中作结果状语 winning a high reputation是现在分 词短语，在句中作后置定语修饰art ___ Chinese dietary culture can communicate with other forms of art, thus making it a genuine art winning a high reputation at home and abroad. 主旨大意根据全篇及复
现率高的词Chinese,
China, diet, art等可总
结出本文的最佳标题是
The Art of Chinese
Diet。
段落大意第一
段：概述中国饮食文化
是一门享誉国内外的艺
术。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
living in different regions为现在分 词短语作后置定语 whereas为连词，意为“然而；但 是；尽管”，用以比较或对比两个 事实，可替换成while vary from A to B A和B之间存在 不同之处 China is a vast country with diverse① climates，customs，products，and habits.People living in different regions② display great variety in their diets.People in coastal areas eat more aquatic （水生 的） products and seafood， whereas those in central and northwest China eat more domestic animals and poultry （家禽 肉）.Foods vary from north to south.Tastes also differ regionally because of the climatic differences. 段落大意第二段：介绍
中国幅员辽阔，不同地
区的食物和人们的口味
都各不相同。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
by which引导定语从句，修饰先行 词factors Generally speaking, there are three essential③ factors by which Chinese cooking is judged， namely“colour, aroma④ and taste”.“Colour” refers to the layout⑤ and design of the dishes.“Aroma” means not only the smell of the dishes，but also the freshness of the materials and the blending of seasoning （佐料）.“Taste” involves proper seasoning and fine slicing techniques （刀功）.These three essential factors are achieved by careful coordination of a series of delicate activities: selecting ingredients, mixing flavours, timing and cooking， adjustment of the heat, and laying out the food on the plate. 段落大意第三段：分别介绍了中国饮食所注重的三个要素：色、香、味。词义猜测
猜测coordination的词义通过后文的列举，并结合句子结构可知，coordination是个名词，通过平时的积累，我们应知道前缀co-有“共同；联合”的意思，由此即可猜测出coordination有“配合；协作”的含义。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
With its diverse flavours， complicated and magical techniques， and the combination of appearance and taste， Chinese food culture has become a colourful art form. 段落大意第四段：总结
概括，回归主题：中国
饮食文化是一种多彩的
艺术形式。
写作特色最后一段a
colourful art form与第
一段forms of art构成呼
应，再次点明文章主
题。
① diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的 ② region n.地区 ③ essential adj.极其重要的 ④ aroma n.芳香；香味 ⑤ layout n.布局；布置 续表
【译文】
___
中国饮食文化可以和其他艺术形式进行交流，这使其成为一门赢得了国内外的高度赞誉的真正的艺术。
中国幅员辽阔，各地气候、风俗、物产和习惯都存在差异。生活在不同地区的人们饮食习惯大不相同。沿海地区的人们吃水产品和海鲜多一些，而中国中部和西北部的人们多食用家畜和家禽肉。北方和南方的食物也大不相同。由于气候不同，不同地区的人们口味也不同。
一般来说，中国菜从三个要素进行评判，即“色、香、味”。“色”是指菜的布局和设计。“香”不仅指菜的味道，还包括食材的新鲜度与佐料的搭配。“味”包括合适的调味和精湛的刀功。要成功实现这三个要素，需要一系列精细动作的悉心配合：选择原料、调味、计算时间并进行烹调、调节火候以及摆盘。
中国饮食文化凭借其多样的味道、复杂神奇的（烹饪）技巧以及形与味的结合，已成为一种多彩的艺术形式。
真题展示
[全国新高考Ⅰ2020·D篇] According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions （份）, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly （表面上） participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have.However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case, she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I.Call it the “I'll have what she's having” effect.However, we'll adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了一项关于就餐同伴的体形和饮食习惯会影响人们食物摄入量的研究，结果表明，人们对他人体形和食量的看法会影响自己的饮食行为。
1.What is the recent study mainly about ( )
D
A.Food safety. B.Movie viewership. C.Consumer demand. D.Eating behavior.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句According to a recent study… can influence our food intake.可知，该研究主要是关于就餐同伴的体形和饮食习惯对人们食物摄入量的影响，属于饮食行为的范畴，故选D项。
2.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to ( )
D
A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons. C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前半部分中的contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions可知，与现有的研究，即避免和食量大的超重人士一起吃饭相反，你真正应该避免的是与大食量的beanpoles一起吃饭；根据其中的contrary to并结合后文内容可推断，beanpoles的意思应与heavier people的意思相反，意为“瘦高个子”，故D项符合语境。
3.Why did the researchers hire the actor ( )
A
A.To see how she would affect the participants. B.To test if the participants could recognize her.
C.To find out what she would do in the two tests. D.To study why she could keep her weight down.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段中的To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.可知，该实验的目的是测试社会因素对人们饮食习惯的影响；而根据后文内容可知，被雇用的演员分别打扮成很胖和很瘦的样子去拿大量的食物，研究人员据此分析实验参与者的食物摄入情况。由此推断，研究人员雇这位演员的目的是观察她会对实验参与者产生怎样的影响。故选A项。
4.On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph ( )
C
A.How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be.
C.How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person… why can't I 可知，我们会因为对就餐同伴的看法而调节对方对自己的饮食行为的影响，若对方太胖又吃得太多，人们可能会“引以为戒”；若相反，很瘦的人胃口很大，人们则会效仿。故C项符合语境。
【微技能】词义猜测题的解题技巧
（1）根据逻辑关系推断。利用上下文中的转折、对比、因果等逻辑关系来推断词义；利用同位语、定语、定义、举例等推断词义。例如猜测句子All her attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.中画线单词的意思，可以根据原因状语从句because she was using the wrong key猜测futile意为“徒劳的”；
（2）通过构词法猜测。在利用语境的基础上可以结合构词法猜测意义。例如猜测句子This kind of antisocial behaviour is not allowed.中画线单词的意思，anti-为前缀，意为“反……的；抗……的”，social意为“社会的；社交的”，另外结合语境is not allowed可推断，antisocial意为“反社会的”。