(共18张PPT)
Unit 4
Journey Across a Vast Land
Period Ⅱ
Learning About Language
语法汇
敲黑板
1.语言知识：过去分词作表语和状语。
2.语言技能：掌握过去分词作表语和状语的具体用法，并能够在实际中运用。
必刷词汇
1.___________ vi.& vt.（使）加入;注册;登记 派___________________ n.登记（人数）；入学；注册
enrol/enroll
enrolment/enrollment
2.quarry n.________
采石场
1 过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语常位于系动词（be, get, become, look, seem等）之后，表示主语的性质、特征或状态，有时并无完成或被动之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情。作表语的过去分词基本上都是已经形容词化的动词的-ed形式，通常译为“感到……的”。
He felt disappointed but he tried to put on a brave face.他感到很失望，但还是竭力强颜欢笑。
He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong reaction.他很惊讶自己的回答竟会引起如此强烈的反响。
语法汇
特别注意 过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别
过去分词作表语，表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，意为“感到……的”；现在分词作表语，表示事物具有的特性，意为“令人……的”。
They became so worried that they stayed awake all night.他们如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。
The situation became so worrying that something should be done at once.形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。
语法汇
定向练1
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Word came that the audience were not ________（satisfy） with the commercial performance.
satisfied
[解析] 句意为：有消息称，观众对这次商业演出不满意。
2.All of us were ________ （puzzle） by the question _______（raise） by a six-year-old boy.
puzzled
raised
[解析] 句意为：我们都被一个六岁男孩提出的问题难住了。-ed结尾的形容词修饰人，故第一空填puzzled；question与raise之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故第二空用过去分词作定语。
3.The manager was so ____________（disappoint） at all that Hill had done that he walked out of the
office angrily.
disappointed
[解析] 句意为：经理对希尔所做的一切如此失望，以至于他愤怒地走出了办公室。
4.When he heard the ________ story, he was deeply _______ （move）.
moving
moved
[解析] 句意为：当他听到这个动人的故事时，他被深深地感动了。
2 过去分词作状语
1过去分词（短语）作状语的含义和基本用法
过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语和伴随状语等。作状语的过去分词表示被动或完成的动作，相当于一个状语从句。过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致，且过去分词与主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系。
（1）过去分词（短语）作时间状语
Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.=When it was translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.翻译成英文之后，这个句子中单词的排列顺序完全不同了。
语法汇
（2）过去分词（短语）作原因状语
Greatly touched by his teachers' words, the boy did a lot of things to help his classmates.=Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers' words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates. 这个小男孩被老师的话深深地打动了，所以他做了很多事情来帮助他的同学们。
（3）过去分词（短语）作条件状语
Given more time, we could do it much better.=If we were given more time, we could do it much better.如果有更多的时间，我们可以做得更好。
（4）过去分词（短语）作让步状语
Warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.=Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. 虽然农民们已被警告将有暴风雨，但他们仍然在地里干活。
（5）过去分词（短语）作伴随状语
The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of students.=The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students. 老师走进教室，一群学生跟着他。
语法汇
特别注意 有些过去分词（短语）源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表示主语的状态，如： be lost in （专注于）；be trapped in （陷入）; be buried in （埋头于；专心于）； be
absorbed in （全神贯注于；专心于）；be interested in （对……感兴趣）; be dressed in （穿着）；be determined to do （决心做）；be devoted to （致力于）；be addicted to （沉溺于）；be seated （坐好；落座）；be located in （位于）；be faced with （面对）等，此时去掉be动词，把剩余部分置于句首。
Addicted to computer games, he lost interest in study. 沉溺于网络游戏，他对学习失去了兴趣。
Faced with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.面临如此多的困难，我们没能按时完成任务。
语法汇
2 过去分词 （短语） 作状语和现在分词（短语）作状语的区别
分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语需保持一致。过去分词（短语）作状语时，分词和主语之间是逻辑上的被动关系；现在分词（短语）作状语时，分词和主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系。
Seeing from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，你会发现这座城市看起来像个大花园。（you 和see 之间是逻辑上的主动关系）
Seen from the hill, the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，这座城市看起来像个大花园。（the city 和see之间是逻辑上的被动关系）
语法汇
特别注意 过去分词、现在分词的被动式、现在分词的完成被动式的区别：过去分词done表示被动和完成的动作; 现在分词的被动式being done表示正在被进行的动作; 现在分词的完成被动式having been done表示动作是被动且在谓语动作之前完成。
Bitten by the snake in the bush, Susan was sent back to the camp. 在灌木丛中被蛇咬了一下，苏珊因此被送回了营地。
Being taught by the two gentlemen, Eliza made great progress. 被两位绅士教导着，伊丽莎取得了很大的进步。
Having been awarded so many prizes in literature, George felt that his years of efforts were worth it.在被授予很多文学奖项之后，乔治感到他多年的努力是值得的。
语法汇
定向练2
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1._______ （give） more attention, he could have gained more achievements.
Given
[解析] 句意为：倘若被给予更多关心，他本可以取得更多的成就。he和give之间是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作状语。
2._________ （found） in 1636, Harvard University is one of the most famous universities in the United
States.
Founded
[解析] 句意为：哈佛大学建于1636年，是美国最著名的大学之一。Harvard University 和found 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作状语。
3.Once_________ （broadcast）, the TV play will be very popular with young people.
broadcast
[解析] 句意为：一旦开播，这部电视剧就会很受年轻人欢迎。TV play 和broadcast之间是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作状语，broadcast 的过去分词是broadcast。
4.Completely _________ （absorb） in anger, the man criticised me and made many cruel remarks.
absorbed
[解析] 句意为：这个人完全沉浸在愤怒中，他批评我，并说了许多残酷的话。
5.________ （walk） alone on her way home, she looked backwards constantly as if followed by
someone.
Walking
[解析] 句意为：一个人走在回家的路上，她不断地往后看，好像被人跟踪了一样。she和walk之间是逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词作状语。
6.The president went into the room, ____________ （accompany） by the officials and reporters.
accompanied
[解析] 句意为：那位总统在官员和记者的陪同下走进了房间。The president与accompany之间是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作状语。
语法汇
7.________ （blame） for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.
Blamed
[解析] 句意为：因为学校计算机网络瘫痪而被责备，艾丽斯情绪低落。Alice 和blame之间是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作状语。
8.________ （dress） in red skirt, she looks charming.
Dressed
[解析] 考查短语be dressed in。句意为：她穿着红裙子，看起来很迷人。
9.__________________ （bite） several times by the dog, the postman never delivered a letter to us.
Having been bitten
[解析] 句意为：在被狗咬了几次以后，那个邮递员再也不给我们送信了。the postman和bite之间是逻辑上的被动关系，而且这位邮递员是先被咬了几次，然后不再送信，强调动作的先后关系，所以用having been done的形式作状语。
语法汇
10.Though ________ （lack） money, his parents still managed to send him to university.
lacking
[解析] 句意为：尽管缺钱，他父母还是设法让他上了大学。his parents和lack之间是逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词作状语。
11._____________ （spend） the past year as an exchange student in America, Linda appears more
mature than those of her age.
Having spent
[解析] 句意为：在美国作了一年交换生之后，琳达看起来比同龄人要成熟。琳达是作交换生一年后看起来比同龄人成熟，所以用having done的形式作状语。
12.________________ （question） by the police now, the boy is very nervous.
Being questioned
[解析] 句意为：小男孩现在正在被警方盘问，他很紧张。此处用being done形式作状语，强调动作正在进行。
语法汇
二、用非谓语结构改写句子。
1.If we see the matter from this aspect, it is not as serious as people generally suppose.
→______ ______ _____ _______, the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose.
.Seen
from
this
aspect
2.The manager was having a hard time, because he was faced with a lot of problems.
→_______ _____ ___ ____ ___ _________, the manager was having a hard time.
Faced
with
a
lot
of
problems
3.The house is located in the centre of the city, and it is bound to sell for a good price.
→________ ___ ____ _______ ___ ____ _____, the house is bound to sell for a good price.
Located
in
the
centre
of
the
city
语法汇(共40张PPT)
Unit 4
Journey Across a Vast Land
Many a trip continues long after movement in time and space have ceased.
Period Ⅰ
Reading and Thinking
敲黑板
1.课时导入：Reading and Thinking部分是一篇游记，记叙了李黛予和表妹刘倩去加拿大的旅途见闻。通过学习本课时，了解加拿大的自然环境和风土人情；了解多元文化现象和多元文化国家的特点；把握文本的时间、空间线索，利用地图等梳理主人公的旅行见闻。
2.语言知识：arise, breath, bound, freezing, with复合结构作状语，含有not until的强调句式等。
Everyone has a list of destinations they promise to visit during their lifetime.People travel for endless reasons—to experience different cultures, to see natural wonders of the world, or to learn about heritage.All these ideas are exciting options, because in each situation, you will be exposed to something unfamiliar and life-changing.The following are the brief introductions to two famous tourist attractions in China.
The Great Wall, located in northern China, is about 21,000 kilometres long and thus known as the “10,000-li Great Wall”.The construction of the Great Wall went on for more than 2,000 years, from the Western Zhou to the Ming Dynasty.The Great Wall has become a symbol of both China's proud history and its present strength.
The Great Wall
长城
The Mogao Caves in Dunhuang
莫高窟
The Dunhuang Caves comprise the Mogao Caves, the Western Thousand Buddha Caves and the Yulin Caves.The Mogao Caves, representative of the three sites, are located in the southeast of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province.The construction of the caves began in 366 AD.The well-designed caves are a treasure house containing paintings, sculptures, documents and cultural relics.
必刷词汇
1.airline n.__________
航空公司
2.bay n.________________
（海或湖的）湾
3.craft n._______________联想 craftsman n.______
手艺;工艺;技艺
工匠
4.antique n.__________ adj.______________
古物;古董
古老的;古董的
5.spectacular adj._____________________ n.______________________
壮观的;壮丽的;惊人的
壮丽的场面;精彩的表演
6.peak n.__________________
顶峰；山峰；尖形
7.mall n.__________________
购物商场;购物广场
8.duration n.______________
持续时间;期间
9.harbour/harbor n.______________
（海）港;港口
10.________ n.风景;景色
scenery
11._________ adj.令人惊叹的;可怕的;很好的
awesome
12._________ n.最好或最精彩的部分 vt.突出;强调;使醒目
highlight
13.drill vi.& vt.__________________ n.___________________搭配 a fire drill __________
钻（孔）;打（眼）
钻（头）;训练;演习
消防演习
14._______ n.国界;边界（地区）
border
15.massive adj.__________________ 联想 mass n.__________ adj.__________ 搭配 the masses ______
巨大的;非常严重的
大量；块
大规模的
民众
16.bound adj.________________________ 搭配 be bound to do… ______________
准备前往（某地）;一定会
一定会做……
17.anticipate vt._______________ 派 anticipation n.__________________
预料;预见;期望
预期；预料；期望
18.________ adj.令人愉快的;友好的 反 __________ adj.不舒服的 联想 ①________ adj.高兴的；满意的
②_______ vt.& vi.（使）高兴;（使）满意 ③________ n.愉快；快乐
pleasant
unpleasant
pleased
please
pleasure
19.______ vi.（过去式______, 过去分词_______） 起身;出现;由……引起 搭配 ______ ______ 因……产
生；由……引起
arise
arose
arisen
arise
from
20.literally adv.______________ 联想 literal adj.____________
字面上;真正地
字面意义的
21._______ n.呼吸的空气 联想 ________ vi.& vt.呼吸；呼气 派 adj.气喘吁吁的；令人窒息的 搭配 take
sb's __________ ____________ 令人惊叹
breath
breathe
breathless
breath away
22.________ adj.极冷的;冰冻的 联想 _______ vi.& vt.（过去式______, 过去分词_______） 结冰;（使）
冻结
freezing
freeze
froze
frozen
23.bunch n.____________ 搭配 a bunch of flowers/bananas ________________
束；串；捆
一束花/一串香蕉
24.thunder vi.__________________________________ n.____________ 派 thundering adj.__________ 联想
thunderstorm n.__________
打雷;轰隆隆地响；轰隆隆地快速移动
雷声;轰隆声
雷鸣似的
雷雨;雷暴
25.frost n._________________ vt.__________ vi.______派______ adj.严寒的；霜冻的
霜;严寒天气;霜冻
使蒙上霜
结霜
frosty
26.curtain n.______搭配 draw the curtains __________
窗帘
拉上窗帘
核心词汇
The next morning, the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise, passing through the Canadian Rockies.次日清晨，两个女孩起得很早，她们坐火车前往路易斯湖，途经加拿大落基山脉。教材P38
1 arise vi.（arose，arisen） 起床；起身；出现；由……引起（+out of/from…）
释义·理解
arise
①get out of bed; stand up
②begin to exist
③be caused by
We keep them informed of any changes as they arise.如有任何变化,我们随时通知他们。
here are many injuries arising out of a road accident.交通事故会造成多人受伤。
&1& arise, rise与raise的用法区别
易 混 词 含义及用法
arise vi.，意为“出现；发生；由……引起”，尤指问题或困境的出现，主语多为抽象名词。还可
以表示“起床；起身”。
Use this money when the need arises.需要时就用这笔钱。
rise vi.，意为“上升；起床；起身；（太阳、月亮等）升起”，表示人或物从低处向高处上升，
如人站起来，日、月升起，烟、雾、水面的升高等。还可表示数字的上升或数量的增加、
起义、反抗等。
The river is rising after the rain.雨后河水在上涨。
raise vt.，意为“提高；抬起；使升高”，主语为动作的发起人，其后必须接宾语。还可表示“筹
集；提出；抚养”。
I want to raise an important issue.我想提出一个重要的问题。
定向练1
用rise, arise或raise的正确形式填空。
1.We managed to ______over ?$4,000 through donation and other events.
raise
2.Accidents often ______ from carelessness.
arise
3.You should ______ your voice when you strengthen your argument.
raise
4.He called on the people to _____ up against the invaders.
rise
5.Many problems ______ when prices of daily necessities _____ sharply.
arise
rise
When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise, where the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty.火车抵达后，她们乘坐出租车来到路易斯湖，那里湛蓝的湖水异常美丽，令她们惊叹不已。教材P38
2 breath n.呼吸的空气
&2& take sb's breath away令人惊叹
take a breath吸一口气
catch one's breath=get one's breath back喘口气；恢复正常呼吸
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 喘不上气
John took a deep breath and then dived into the water.约翰深吸了一口气，然后跳入水中。
She suddenly went pale, and we stopped for a moment to let her get her breath back.她突然面色苍白，我们停下了一会儿让她喘口气。
Eric came running into the room, out of breath.埃里克跑进了屋子，上气不接下气。
&3& ①breathe vi.& vt.呼吸；呼气
breathe in/out吸/呼气
Breathe in and hold your breath as long as possible.吸气，并尽可能长时间地屏住呼吸。
②breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的；目瞪口呆的（+with）
定向练2
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.到了塔顶，他已经上气不接下气。
Reaching the top of the tower, he was ____ ___ _______.
out
of
breath
2.人们担心他们所吸入的空气的质量。
People are concerned about the quality of the air they ________ ___.
breathe
in
3.人吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳。
Humans take in oxygen and ________ ____ carbon dioxide.
breathe
out
4.宣读结果时，他屏住了呼吸。
He _____ ____ _______ when the results were read out.
held
his
breath
5.他曾停下来歇口气，同时确定一下方向。
He had stopped to ______ ____ _______ and make sure of his direction.
catch
his
breath
6.我第一次从空中看到这个岛就对它惊叹不已。
When I first saw the island from the air, it _____ ____ _______ ______.
took
my
breath
away
They spent the night, and then took a coach bound north through the Canadian Rockies to Jasper.住了一夜后，她们乘坐长途汽车，向北穿越加拿大落基山脉，来到贾斯珀。教材P38
3 bound adj.准备前往（某地）；一定会
&4& be bound north/south 向北/南行进
be bound for… 准备前往……；正旅行去……；开往……
be bound to do/be sth一定会做/是……；很可能会做/是……
The ship was bound for Italy.这艘船驶向意大利。
You've done so much work—you're bound to pass the exam.你下了这么大工夫，一定会通过考试的。
定向练3
翻译句子。
1.There are bound to be price increases next year.
______________________
明年物价一定会上涨。
2.I boarded the plane bound for England.
____________________________
我登上了飞往英格兰的飞机。
Edmonton is freezing cold in winter, with daily temperatures averaging -10℃.埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷，日均气温为-10℃。教材P38
4 freezing
① adj.极冷的；冰冻的
It is hard to imagine what it is like to sleep rough at any time, and doubly so in the current freezing weather.无论何时，露宿街头的滋味都是难以想象的，更何况是在现在这么冷的天气里。
&5& freezing point 冰点；凝固点
It's very cold today; the temperature has dropped to freezing point.今天很冷，气温已经降至冰点了。
② adv.极冷地
&6& freezing cold极冷的；冻僵的
It's freezing cold outside.外面极为寒冷。
③ n.［U］冰点（=freezing point）
&7& above/below freezing 在冰点以上/以下
As the temperature on the mountain fell below freezing, ice crystals formed on the plants and ground.当山上的温度降到零度以下时，植物和地面上就形成了冰晶。
&8& ①freeze vi.& vt.（froze, frozen）结冰；（使）冻结 vi.突然停止；呆住
Water freezes at 0℃.水在0摄氏度时结冰。
I froze with terror as the door slowly opened.门慢慢打开时我吓呆了。
②frozen adj.冷冻的；冷藏的；结冰的；冻僵的
③freezer n.冰柜
&9& 表示“冷”“暖”的词
cool→cold→chilly（严寒的）→freezing cold
warm→hot→boiling hot（酷热的）
定向练4
用freeze的正确形式填空。
1.Her fingers were _______ in the________ water.
frozen
freezing
[解析] 句意为：在冰冷的水里，她的手指都冻僵了。
2.Alcohol has a lower ________ point than water.
freezing
[解析] 句意为：酒精的冰点比水的冰点要低。freezing point是固定短语，意为“冰点”。
3.[浙江2022年6月·改编] We began preparing the food, from mixing salad dressing to separating
_______ meat.
frozen
[解析] 句意为：我们开始准备食物，从混合沙拉酱到分开冻肉。
4.You can't be careful enough to drive on the _______ road.
frozen
[解析] 句意为：在结冰的路上开车你再小心都不为过。
5.The water in the bowl ______ last night.
froze
[解析] 句意为：昨晚碗里的水结冰了。
6.A wave of cold air swept across the country, causing temperatures to drop by more than 16℃, to far
below ________.
freezing
[解析] 句意为：一股冷空气席卷全国，导致气温下降了16摄氏度以上，远低于零度。below freezing表示“在冰点以下”。
7.I feel ________ cold in such ________ weather, and I'm half _______.
freezing
freezing
frozen
[解析] 句意为：在这样寒冷的天气里，我感觉非常冷，都快被冻僵了。
1
【句意】埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷，日均气温为-10℃。 教材P38
&10& with复合结构作状语
“with+宾语+宾补”作状语时可作原因、伴随、方式状语等。
①“with+名词/代词+现在分词”，现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作，分词和前面的名词/代词之间是逻辑上的主动关系。
The old couple often take a walk after supper in the parkwith their pet dog following.那对老夫妇晚饭后经常带着他们的宠物狗在公园里散步。（表伴随）
②“with+名词/代词+过去分词”，过去分词表示被动或已经完成的动作，分词和前面的名词/代词之间是逻辑上的被动关系。
With all my savings used up, I had to borrow.因为我所有的积蓄都用光了，所以我不得不借钱。（表原因）
③“with+名词/代词+动词不定式”，不定式表示将要发生的动作。
With so much work to do, I can't spare a minute.有这么多工作要做，我一分钟也腾不出来。（表原因）
④“with+名词/代词+形容词/副词”，形容词/副词强调前面的名词/代词的特性或状态。
He slept in the room, with the windows open.他在房间里睡觉，窗户开着。（表伴随）
With the exams over, we will have a long holiday.考试结束了，我们将放一个长假。（表原因）
⑤“with+名词/代词+介词短语”表示伴随的状态。
Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68℃ above the average. 去年是有
记录以来最热的一年，全球平均温度上升了0.68℃。（表伴随）
⑥“with+名词/代词+名词”强调宾语的状态。
He died with his daughter yet a school girl.他去世的时候，他的女儿还是个学生。（表状态）
定向练1
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.All the afternoon he worked with the door _______ （lock）.
locked
[解析] the door和lock之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。句意为：整个下午他都锁着门（在房间里）工作。
2.They fell asleep in the tent with the fire ________ （burn）.
burning
[解析] the fire和burn之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词。句意为：他们在帐篷里睡着了，火一直烧着。
3.I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother ______ （be） ill.
being
[解析] 此处表示正在进行的状态，应填being。
4.I can't go out with all these clothes ________ （wash）.
to wash
[解析] “with+n.+to do”结构中不定式表示动作尚未发生，而且wash的动作是主语I发出来的，故用不定式的主动形式表被动。
5.With so many people ______________ （help） us, we are sure to finish the work on time.
helping/to help
[解析] 句意为：有这么多人在/要帮忙，我们一定能按时完成这项工作。
6.She had to walk home with her bicycle _______ （steal） yesterday.
stolen
[解析] her bicycle和steal之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。句意为：昨天她的自行车被偷了，她只好步行回家。
7.He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall with nobody ________ （notice） him.
noticing
[解析] nobody和notice之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词。句意为：他想知道他是否可以在没有人注意到他的情况下悄悄溜出演讲大厅。
8.With the bridge ___________ （build） next year, it will be easier to come and go from the town.
to be built
[解析] build和bridge之间是逻辑上的被动关系，时间状语是next year, 表明是将来的动作，故用动词不定式的被动式。句意为：明年这座桥建成后，出入这个小镇就更容易了。
二、用with复合结构完成句子。
1.手上拿着一堆书，她不得不请人帮她开门。
________________________________, she had to ask someone to open the door for her.
With a pile of books in her hands
2.有这么重要的会议要参加，恐怕我不能和你去书店了。
______________________________________, I'm afraid I can't go to the bookstore with you.
With such an important meeting to attend
3.如果明天天气好的话，我们要去郊游。
We will have an outing tomorrow _________________.
with weather fine
2
【句意】直到上午九点半，她们才终于到达了安大略省的省会多伦多。教材P39
&11& 含有not until的强调句式
含有not until的强调句式的结构：It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他。此结构中被强调的部分为时间状语。
It was not until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.直到我完成了电影专业的学习，我才开始追求我的演员梦。
&12& 强调句式
①强调句型的构成为：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。该句型可对主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。强调句的判断方法：如果把It is/was和that/who去掉，句子结构依然完整，句意依然正确，则该句是强调句（有时语序需要做相应的调整）。
I met an old friend in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。
→It was I who/that met an old friend in the street yesterday.是我昨天在街上遇到了一位老朋友。（强调主语）
→It wasan old friend who/that I met in the street yesterday.昨天我在街上遇到的是一位老朋友。（强调宾语）
→It was in the street that I met an old friend yesterday.昨天我是在街上遇到的一位老朋友。（强调地点状语）
→It was yesterday that I met an old friend in the street.正是昨天我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。（强调时间状语）
②强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他
Was it in the park that Tom lost his watch 汤姆是在公园丢的手表吗？
③强调句的特殊疑问句形式：When/Where/How等疑问词（被强调部分）+is/was it+that+其他
Where was it that Tom lost his watch 汤姆的手表是在哪儿丢的？
④强调句的否定句形式：It is/was not+被强调部分+that/who+其他。
It was not depression that killed him.他不是因为抑郁症而死。
特别注意 使用强调句式时需要注意以下两点：
①被强调部分可以是除谓语动词以外的任何部分，当被强调部分指人时，可以用that或who，其他情况一律
用that。
②若强调主语，that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。
It is John that/who is fixing the car.正在修车的人是约翰。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.John's success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work_____ has made him what he
is today.
that
[解析] 句意为：约翰的成功与好运无关，是多年的艰苦努力让他取得了现在的成就。此处强调句子的主语。
2.It was he _________ lent me a hand when I was in need.
who/that
[解析] 句意为：在我需要帮助时正是他伸出了援手。此处强调主句的主语，指人，故填who/that。
3.It was not _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common.
until
[解析] 句意为：直到我们在一起待了几周后，我才发现我们有很多共同之处。此处是含有not until的强调句。
4.It was with great courage _____the boy told the truth that he had stolen the money.
that
[解析] 句意为：怀着极大的勇气，这个男孩说出了他偷钱的真相。该句强调句子的方式状语，注意truth后面的that引导同位语从句，补充说明truth的具体内容。
5.It was at an evening party _____ I first saw her.
that
[解析] 此句为强调句，强调句子的地点状语at an evening party, 故填that。
二、使用强调句型对画线部分进行强调。
1.Mike took Sally to the party on Saturday.
_____________________________________________________.
It was Sally that/who Mike took to the party on Saturday.
2.Heoften helps me with my English.
______________________________________________.
It is he that/who often helps me with my English.
3.Kunta didn't begin to think about where he was going until the next morning.
_______________________________________________________________________________.
It was not until the next morning that Kunta began to think about where he was going.
4.Mr Fox made the decision that we should send more firefighters there at the very beginning.
____________________________________________________________________________________________.
It was at the very beginning that Mr Fox made the decision that we should send more firefighters there.
5.He spent much of his childhood in the village.
_____________________________________________________.
It was in the village that he spent much of his childhood.(共33张PPT)
Unit 4
Journey Across a Vast Land
Period Ⅲ
Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
敲黑板
1.语言知识：contrary, astonished, owe, 动词不定式与现在分词作原因状语的区别， as引导时间状语从句等。
2.语言技能：学会写关于旅行经历的电子邮件。
必刷词汇
1.______ n.习语；成语
idiom
2.alongside prep.______________________ adv.________
在……旁边;与……一起
在旁边
3.shore n.______派 ①onshore adj. ________②offshore adj.________
岸;滨
陆上的
海上的
4.steel n.____________派 steely adj.____________________
钢;钢铁工业
钢铁般的；冷冰冰的
5._______ n.口音
accent
6.cobblestone adj.______________
铺有鹅卵石的
7.coherent adj.____________________
有条理的;清楚易懂的
8.________ adv.（结束交谈或转换话题时）不过;反正 同 ________ adv.
anyhow
anyway
9.________ vi.行进;继续做
proceed
10.toast n.___________________ vt.____________ vt.& vi.________________
烤面包片;吐司;干杯
为……干杯
烤（尤指面包）
11.________ adj.相反的;相对立的 n.相反的事实（或事情）搭配 ________ ___ 相反的;相对立的
contrary
contrary
to
12.________ vt.使十分惊讶;使吃惊 派 ①___________ adj.惊人的;令人惊讶的 ②__________ adj.感到惊
讶的 ③____________ n.惊讶
astonish
astonishing
astonished
astonishment
13.misty adj.______________ 联想 mist n.__________
多雾的;模糊的
薄雾;水汽
14.______ n.黄昏;傍晚 搭配 ___ ______ 黄昏时分 联想 ______ n.黎明；拂晓 搭配 ___ ______ 在黎明
dusk
at
dusk
dawn
at
dawn
15._____________ n.广告;启事 联想 ①__________ n.广告商;登广告者 ②_________ vi.& vt.做广告;登广
告③___________ n.广告活动;广告业
advertisement
advertiser
advertise
advertising
16.photographer n.______________ 联想 ①photograph n.______ vt.______ ②photography n.______
摄影师;拍照者
照片
拍照
摄影
17._____ vt.欠（账、债、情等）搭配 ①_____ sth ___ sb 欠某人某物;把某事归功于某人 ②_______ ___
因为；由于
owe
owe
to
owing
to
核心词汇
Well, contrary to what many people believe, there are a lot of vast and empty spaces in China, actually.嗯，与许多人想的相反，实际上中国有很多广阔而空旷的地方。教材P43
1 contrary adj.相反的；相对立的 n.相反的事实（或事情）
Hot and cold are contrary words. 热与冷是反义词。
&1& （be） contrary to… 与……相异的；与……相反的；与……相对立的
on/quite the contrary恰恰相反；正相反
to the contrary相反的（地）
Contrary to popular belief, many cats dislike milk.与普遍的看法相反，许多猫不喜欢牛奶。
On the contrary， those who let teenagers experience the consequences of their actions can do better.相反，那些让青少年们体会到自己行为的后果的人会做得更好。
If he were to make a discovery to the contrary， he would be simply stunned.要是他发现了相反的情况，他准会目瞪口呆。
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.It wasn't a good thing； ________ the contrary， it was a big mistake.
on/quite
[解析] on/quite the contrary意为“正相反；恰恰相反”。
2.The approach to the problem is contrary ___ our expectation.
to
[解析] contrary to意为“与……相异的；与……相反的”。
3.You didn't bother me.Quite ____ contrary， I like your company.
the
[解析] quite the contrary意为“恰恰相反;正相反”。
Standing in the distance, they were astonished to see misty clouds rising from the great Niagara Falls, which is on the south side of the lake.站在远处，她们看到湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布升腾而起的水雾，感到非常震撼。教材P44
2 astonished adj.感到惊讶的；吃惊的
释义·理解
astonished
very surprised
&2& be astonished by/at… 对……感到惊讶
be astonished that… 对……感到惊讶
be astonished to see/hear/find… 看到/听说/发现……感到很惊讶
You look astonished at/by the news.你看上去对这个消息感到很惊讶。
I am astonished that he didn't come.他没有来，我感到很惊讶。
&3& ①astonish vt.使十分惊讶；使吃惊
It astonishes sb that… 使某人吃惊的是……
It astonishes me that no one has thought of this before.以前谁也没想到这一点，这使我感到惊讶。
②astonishing adj.令人惊讶的
③astonishment n.惊讶
in/with astonishment吃惊地
to one's astonishment让某人吃惊的是
She is wide-eyed with astonishment她吃惊地睁大了眼睛。
定向练2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.To our____________ （astonish）, he arrived on time.
astonishment
[解析] 此处考查 to one's astonishment，意为“让某人吃惊的是”。
2.This is no doubt an___________ （astonish） piece of news.
astonishing
[解析] 此处应用形容词修饰名词news。astonishing意为“令人吃惊的”，常修饰事物。
3.[全国新高考Ⅰ2021] Strange, isn't it But that's how nature is—always leaving us __________
（astonish）.
astonished
[解析] 此处是“leave +宾语+宾补”结构，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed形式的形容词astonished，表示“感到惊讶的”。
4.She stared _______ astonishment at the documents.
in/with
[解析] 此处考查in/with astonishment，意为“吃惊地”。
5.___ will astonish you that he paid a lot of money for this ring.
It
[解析] 句意为：他花了很多钱买这个戒指，这会让你大吃一惊的。此处应用It作形式主语，真正的主语是that后的内容。
6.We were all__________ （astonish） to hear that he had passed the driving test.
astonished
[解析] 此处应用astonished作表语，说明主语We的状态。
7.She __________ （astonish） us by saying she was leaving.
astonished
[解析] 根据she was leaving可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。
You owe it to yourselves to stay longer.你们应该多待一段时间。教材P44
3 owe vt.欠（账、债、情等）；感激；应给予；归功于
Thank you for the magazine you bought for me.How much do I owe. .you 谢谢你给我买这本杂志，我该付你多少钱？
&4& owe sb sth=owe sth to sb欠某人某物；把某事归功于某人
owe sth to sth 把某事归功于某物
owing to因为；由于
owe sb a favour欠某人一个人情
owe it to oneself to do sth （认为）自己应该做某事（it为形式宾语）
The factory owes. .a lot of money. .to the bank. 那家工厂欠银行一大笔钱。
He owes. .his good health. .to plenty of exercise and a regular life.他把自己身体健康归功于大量的锻炼和有规律的生活。
It was owing to Jenny's timely help that we accomplished the task on time. 正是由于珍妮的及时帮助，我们才按时完成了任务。
You owe it to yourself to get some professional help.你应该向专业人士寻求帮助。
&5& 表示“因为;由于”的其他短语
because of, on account of, due to, thanks to, as a result of
定向练3
一、写出下列句子中owe的含义。
1.I owe a debt of gratitude to my wife and children. ______
感激
2.We owe this discovery to Newton. ______________
把……归功于
3.You can take your time to pay the debt you owe me. __________
欠（债）
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.We owe a great deal ___ our parents.
to
[解析] 句意为：我们非常感激我们的父母。
2.He owed his success ___ his teacher's encouragement.
to
[解析] 句意为：他把他的成功归功于老师的鼓励。
3._______ （owe） to playing computer games too often， an increasing number of students develop
short-sightedness.
Owing
[解析] 句意为：由于玩电脑游戏太频繁，越来越多的学生近视。
4.We owe ___ to ourselves to explain how it all happened.
it
[解析] 句意为：我们认为有必要解释一下事情的经过。
1
【句意】站在远处，她们看到湖南边的尼亚加拉大瀑布升腾而起的水雾，感到非常震撼。教材P44
&6& 动词不定式与现在分词作原因状语的区别
①动词不定式作原因状语时，通常放在句中，主要用在表示表情和心理状态的动词或形容词之后，表示人对某事/某物的反应如何，常译作“因……而……”。常见的此类动词和形容词有：tremble, glad, happy, sorry, sad, worried, pleased, satisfied, surprised, shocked, terrified, frightened, disappointed等。
The man trembled to see the terrifying scene.看见这恐怖的场面，这个人浑身发抖。（因为看到了这恐怖场面,这人才浑身发抖。）
He felt excited to know this news.听到这个消息，他非常激动。
②现在分词作原因状语时，通常放在句首，与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系。
Reading attentively, he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书，他忘记按时吃午饭了。
定向练1
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I am sorry ________ （hear） such bad news.
to hear
2.I was not surprised ________ （learn） that the building had fallen down, for it was built on sand.
to learn
3.I am very pleased _____________________ （make） friends with you.
to have made/to make
4.____________________ （make） friends with you, I am very pleased.
Having made/Making
5._________ （know） he was on the way to meet her, she was very happy.
Knowing
6.She was very happy _________（know） that he was on the way to meet her.
to know
2
【句意】当她们在宽阔的圣劳伦斯河河边的一家餐馆里落座时，一个年轻人和她们坐在了一起。教材P44
&7& as引导时间状语从句
①as引导的时间状语从句表示一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正在进行当中，即主句和从句的动作同时发生，
表示“正当……时；一边……，一边……”。注意：as引导的时间状语从句一般不用进行时态。
As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
Just as the door of the lift was going to be closed, a man suddenly pushed in.正当电梯门要被关上时，一个男人突然挤了进来。
②as引导的时间状语从句往往充当主句动作发生的背景或条件，as从句是一个次要的时间说明，通常译为“随着……”。
As time went by, the weather got worse.随着时间的推移，天气变得更加糟糕。
As time goes by, the students will finally understand what the teacher is always talking about.随着时光的推移，学生们最终会明白老师一直挂在嘴上的话。
定向练2
使用as引导的从句翻译句子。
1.日子一天天过去，她的身体越来越好了。
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As the days went/go by, her body got/gets better and better.
2.莉莉向我道别的时候，她突然大哭起来。
____________________________________________
Lily burst into tears as she said goodbye to me.
3.在操场上散步的时候，我情不自禁地想起了我上学时的日子。
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As I took a walk on the playground, I couldn't help thinking about my school days.
写作仿 写关于旅行经历的电子邮件
文体分析
1.文体介绍
关于旅行经历的电子邮件是以写景为主的记叙文，它通过描述旅游过程中的见闻，如山川景物、名胜古迹、风土人情等，表达作者的真实情感。文章体裁为应用文。
2.篇章结构
素材储备
常用表达
（1）邮件开头常用表达
Knowing that you want to know…, I'm writing to tell you that… 我知道你想了解……，所以我写邮件告诉你……
I'm extremely delighted to receive your email.And I would like to write an email to tell you that… 我很高兴收到你的电子邮件，我想写封邮件告诉你……
Delighted to know you are interested in…, I'm writing to share with you my travel experience.很高兴得知你对……感兴趣，所以我写信跟你分享我的旅行经历。
Many thanks for your last letter.很感激收到你的上一封来信。
（2）邮件主体常用表达（旅行经历）
①常用短语
can't wait to do… 迫不及待去做……
a pleasant trip （to…） （去……的）一次令人愉快的旅行
attract visitors from all over the world 吸引来自全世界的游客
a beautiful city by the sea 一座美丽的海滨城市
②常用句式
What impressed me most during the trip is that… 旅行中让我印象最深刻的是……
We paid a visit to… 我们参观了……
The place is located in… 这个地方位于……
The place is well-known for… 这个地方以……而闻名。
I enjoyed a pleasant trip to… with my parents this summer holiday.今年暑假我和父母享受了一次愉快的……之旅。
… is a beautiful garden city, with clean streets and various buildings.……是一座漂亮的花园城市，有着干净的街道和各种各样的建筑。
We visited the covered stadium, which is home of several famous basketball teams.我们参观了加顶的体育场，那里是几支著名篮球队的驻地。… Province, whose capital city is…, lies in the southwest/south/north of China and covers an area of about… square kilometres.……省位于中国西南部/南部/北部，面积为……平方千米，省会是……
It is rich in tourism resources and enjoys many world-famous tourist attractions, such as… 它的旅游资源丰富，有很多世界著名的旅游景点，例如……
（3）邮件结尾常用表达
I'm looking forward to your reply at your convenience.我期待着你方便时给我回复。
I hope you will have fun in… 我希望你能在……玩得开心。
句子仿写
1.My dad and I are both ________ ________ ___ （期待） going to the Shaanxi History Museum,
_______ is known as a “Chinese treasure house”.
looking
forward
to
which
2.We _____ ___ _____ ___ （参观了） the famous museums, admired the architecture, enjoyed the
excellent local food, and went shopping at the local markets.
paid
a
visit
to
3.我们欣赏这里丰富的文化瑰宝，在这里我们学到了许多历史知识。（where引导的定语从句）
_________________________________________________________________________
We appreciate the rich cultural treasures here, where we learnt a lot about history.
4.旅行中最让我印象深刻的是那里令人叹为观止的景象。（what引导的主语从句）
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What impressed me most during the trip is the amazing sight there.
5.一回到学校，我就迫不及待地与同学分享了照片和经历。（on doing sth）
___________________________________________________________________________________
On returning school, I couldn't wait to share the photos and experiences with my classmates.
模拟演练
假定你是李华，暑假期间你和父母一起外出旅游玩得很开心，你想将你的旅游经历与你的英国笔友Tom分享，请根据下列要点给他写一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1.介绍你游览的地方；
2.旅游的经历和旅游后的收获；
3.邀请他一起去那里旅游。
注意： 1.写作词数应为100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【思路引导】
【参考范文】
I'd like to share my travel experience with you.During this summer holiday, my parents and I went on a trip to the capital city of Tibet, Lhasa, which is also the political, economic and cultural centre of the region.
We first visited the Potala Palace which was originally built in the 7th century.And then, we appreciated a rich collection of cultural treasures in Tibet Museum where we learnt some useful historical knowledge about Tibet.During those days, we were all surprised by the natural scenery there.It made us feel peaceful and quiet.I strongly suggest that you travel to Tibet with me next time and I'm sure you will have a wonderful time.
请总结你学到的有用表达：
【高级词汇】
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【高级句式】
____________________________________________________________________________________________
