高中英语 人教版（2019）选择性必修二 Unit 5 First Aid 单元总结词，句重难点课件(共26张PPT)
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| 名称 | 高中英语 人教版（2019）选择性必修二 Unit 5 First Aid 单元总结词，句重难点课件(共26张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-09 15:35:35 | ||
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(共26张PPT)
Unit 5
First Aid
知识·技能·考试
戳考点
本单元高频考点：
1.depend on 2.delay 3.practical 4.ease 5.动名词和现在分词在高考中的考查
1.depend on
depend on在完形填空中主要考查对其词义的掌握。
例 [全国乙2022·改编] Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for
every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, ___ the sugar content.
B
A.focusing on B.depending on C.holding on D.looking on
[解析] 句意为：自4月以来，饮料公司被迫根据含糖量，为他们生产或进口的每升含糖饮料支付18到24便士（的税款）。focus on意为“关注；集中于”；depend on意为“取决于”；hold on意为“坚持住”；look on意为“旁观”。
2.delay
delay在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查其非谓语形式；②考查固定短语delay doing sth。
例1 It is suggested that local education authorities across China should take more action to help students
get more sleep, including _________（delay） the start of morning classes by half an hour.
delaying
例2 ___________________________ （delay） by traffic, I was late for the meeting.
Delayed/Having been delayed
例3 [湖北部分高中2023高二期中·改编] Millions of US adults skip or delay _______ （get） their
prescriptions （处方） filled due to high costs.
getting
[解析] 句意为：数以百万计的美国成年人由于高昂的费用而略过或推迟按照处方配药。delaying doing sth意为“推迟做某事”。
3.practical
practical在语法填空中主要考查词性转换，其名词形式为practice，副词形式为practically。
例1 [江苏常州2022高三期中·改编] Stories say the Colosseum was built to a _________ （practice）
design, with its 80 arched entrances allowing easy access to 55,000 audiences, who were seated according
to rank.
practical
例2 [全国乙2021·改编] In fact plenty of younger kids have a mobile phone in their pocket.__________
（practical） everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Practically
4.ease
ease在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查与其派生词easy和easily的词性转换及其形容词和副词形式的比较等级；②考查固定搭配at ease。
例1 [天津市耀华中学2023高三月考·改编] Not knowing much of the world yet, simple-minded
teenagers are ______ （easy） taken in.
easily
例2 The popularity of art makes culture much ______ （easy） to enter people's life.
easier
例3 The shy boy didn't feel completely ___ ease in the strange surroundings.
at
5.动名词和现在分词在高考中的考查
例1 [全国新高考Ⅰ2022·改编] Everyone can play a part in _________ （reduce） waste, whether by
not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include
the side dish you won't eat.
reducing
[解析] 句意为：每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周购物时不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不添加你不吃的配菜。play a part in doing sth意为“在做某事中发挥作用”。
例2 [全国乙2022·改编] It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion
euros a year on maintenance, including ________ （send） maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect
and repair the rail infrastructure.
sending
[解析] 句意为：据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约200亿欧元用于维护，包括派遣维修人员（通常在夜间）对铁路基础设施进行检查和维修。including为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
例3 [全国新高考Ⅰ2022] _________ （cover） an area about three times the size of Yellowstone
National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
Covering
[解析] 句意为：大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，它将是我国首批国家公园之一。句中已有谓语will be且与设空处无连词连接，所以应用非谓语形式。cover与其逻辑主语the GPNP之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。
例4 [全国新高考Ⅱ2022] Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out
his arms to catch the _______ （fall） child.
falling
[解析] 句意为：亨利跑了100米，跳过了一个1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接这个正在下坠的孩子。设空处作定语修饰child，与被修饰词child为逻辑上的主动关系，同时有正在进行的含义，应用现在分词。
例5 [全国甲2022] He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20, _________ （plan） to
hike back to Xi'an in five months.
planning
[解析] 句意为：9月20号，他从西安飞了4,700千米至喀什，并计划在5个月内步行返回西安。句中已有谓语动词flew且与设空处之间无连词连接，故应用非谓语作状语。plan与其逻辑主语He之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。
时文领读
主题：人与自我——健康的生活方式
体裁：说明文
词数：325
难度：中
阅读用时：8分钟
背景导入：很多人有养宠物的爱好，宠物也成了许多家庭中不可或缺的一部分。我们在喂养宠物的时候，偶尔会被宠物抓伤或咬伤。有些人认为这是小事，可以不用理会，然而这是大错特错的想法。被宠物抓伤或咬伤以后，人们需要紧急处理伤口，而不是置之不理。
阅读技巧：训练在阅读理解中概括文章主旨大意和推断作者写作意图的能力，提高掌握篇章结构的能力。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
it's no wonder that… 为固定结 构，意为“……不 足为奇” Treating… 为动名 词短语作主语 if possible为条件状 语从句的省略结 构，if后省略了it is wherever引导地点 状语从句 As humans interact （互动） a lot with cats, it's no wonder thatcat bites and scratches① are common injuries, especially to children.Treating a cat bite or scratch should always start with the safety of all involved, including the patient, the rescuer, and if possible, the cat.The following steps can be taken at home, or wherever a bite occurs. 关键信息cat bites and scratches, Treating，
safety， steps
推理判断What is the purpose of the first
paragraph 根据首段信息，尤其是最后一句
The following steps can be taken at home,
or wherever a bite occurs.可知，该段阐明了
作者的写作意图，即介绍被猫咬伤或抓伤后
的处理措施，其目的在于提出主题并引起下
文。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
if frightened为条件 状语从句的省略结 构，if后省略了they are that引导同位语从 句，解释说明名词 expectation的内容 1.Stay safe.Secure the cat or the patient, or both.Move one away from the other.If the cat's owner is around, instruct him or her to secure the cat.If not, move the patient to a safe location.Cats may bite or scratch if frightened or their kittens② are threatened, so leave them alone.Don't start any treatment until there is a reasonable expectation that the cat won't attack again. 2.If you are not the patient, practise universal precautions （防范措施） and wear personal protective equipment if available. 段落大意第二段至第六段详细介绍了被猫咬伤或抓伤后的几个处理步骤。
细节理解判断下面这句话的正误：Once bitten by a cat, you should treat the bite
immediately.
根据第二段可知，应该在确保猫不会再次发起攻击的前提下对伤口进行处理，故该句表
述错误。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
using direct pressure为动名词短 语作介词by的宾语 that引导定语从 句，修饰先行词 severe bleeding Once意为“一旦”， 引导时间状语从句 being sure… 为现 在分词短语作状语 3.Control the bleeding by using direct pressure.Avoid using a tourniquet （止血带） unless there is severe bleeding that cannot be controlled by any other way.That's unlikely with a cat bite. 4.Once the bleeding is controlled, clean the wound with soap and warm water.Clean the inside of the wound, being sure to wash away all the soap, or it will cause irritation （疼痛） later.Any regular soap will do. 5.Cover the wound with a clean, dry dressing （绷带）.You can apply the antibiotic ointment （抗生素药膏） to the bite before covering it, but that is not absolutely necessary. 细节理解What should the patient do after the bite stops bleeding
根据第五段第一句Once the bleeding is controlled, clean the wound with soap and warm water.可知，在伤口停止出血后，应用
肥皂和温水清理伤口。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
how引导宾语从 句，其中you think 为插入语 whether引导宾语从 句，作动词 determine的宾语， 意为“是否” Regardless of how severe you think the bite is, always consult a doctor right away to determine whether further action is needed.The wound may need stitches （缝针）. Wounds on the face or hands should always be evaluated③ by a doctor because of the possibility of being scarred. 段落大意第七段介绍了被猫咬伤后及时就医
的重要性和必要性。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
Since they are often deep, cat bites and scratches can be easily infected.Watch for these signs of infection:redness， swelling， heat， and oozing pus （流脓）. 段落大意第八段介绍了被猫咬伤或抓伤后应
谨防感染以及注意感染的迹象。
主旨大意What is the best title for the
passage
根据文章第一段和其他段落的大意可知，文
章的最佳标题应为: How to Treat Cat Bites
and Scratches。
①scratch n.抓痕；挠痒 vi.& vt.抓 破；抓伤；挠 ②kitten n.小猫 ③evaluate vt.评价；评估 续表
【译文】
由于人类与猫互动接触很多，经常被猫咬伤或抓伤也就不足为奇了，尤其是对儿童来说。处理被猫咬伤或抓伤的伤口时，应该始终先确保所有相关人员的安全，包括伤者和救助者，如果可能的话，还有猫的安全。以下步骤可以在家里实施，也可以在任何发生咬伤的地方实施。
1.保证安全。确保猫或伤者的安全，或者两者兼顾。让他们远离彼此。如果猫的主人在旁边，让他或她保护好猫。如果主人不在，把伤者移到安全的地方去。当猫受到惊吓或它们的小猫受到威胁时，它们就可能咬伤或抓伤人，所以不要靠近它们。直到你有把握猫不会再次发起攻击，再开始任何处理工作。
2.如果你不是伤者,请遵循通用的防范措施，并且如果有条件的话，穿戴好个人防护装备。
3.使用直接按压的方式止血。不要使用止血带，除非出现了其他任何方法都无法控制的严重出血。（但）这对猫咬伤的伤口来说不太可能发生。
4.一旦出血得到控制，就用肥皂和温水清洗伤口。清洗伤口内部，确保冲洗掉所有的肥皂，否则过后会引起疼痛。任何普通的肥皂都可以（使用）。
5.用干净、干燥的绷带包扎伤口。在此之前你可以用抗生素药膏涂抹伤口, 但这并不是绝对必要的。
无论你认为咬伤的严重程度如何，都要立即咨询医生，以确定是否需要采取进一步措施。伤口或许需要缝针。脸上或手上的伤口都应该由医生进行评估，因为可能会留下疤痕。
因为伤口通常很深，所以猫咬伤和抓伤的伤口容易感染。注意这些感染的迹象:发红、肿胀、发热以及流脓。
真题展示
A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic （过敏的） reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted her father Colm's heart by stamping （用力踩） on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.
Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so she decided to use CPR （心肺复苏）.
However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest instead.
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compression （胸部按压） until the ambulance arrived.
Izzy, who had been given a bravery award by her school, said, “I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”
“She's a little star,” said Debbie. “I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR and then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert.”
Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing; his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.
He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位九岁的小女孩用踩父亲胸部的急救方式成功挽救父亲生命的故事。
1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest ___.
D
A.to express her helplessness B.to show him CPR
C.to keep him awake D.to restart his heart
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第一和第二段可知，易兹踢父亲的胸部是为了让他的心脏重新跳动起来，故选D项。
2.What's the right order of the events ( )
①Izzy kicked Colm.
②Debbie called 999.
③Izzy learnt CPR.
④Colm's heart stopped.
C
A.③①②④ B.④②③① C.③④②① D.④③①②
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第二至六段的内容可知，事件的顺序为：母亲教易兹心肺复苏术——父亲心脏停止跳动——母亲拨打急救电话——易兹给父亲实施急救。故选C项。
3.What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about ( )
A
A.What Colm suffered. B.Colm's present condition.
C.What caused Colm's allergy. D.Symptoms of Colm's allergic reaction.
[解析] 主旨大意题。根据第八段中的suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday及The second attack可知，此段主要记叙了易兹的父亲出现过敏反应的两次经历及遭受的病痛，故选A项。
4.Why does the author write the news ( )
C
A.To describe a serious accident. B.To prove the importance of CPR.
C.To report a 9-year-old girl's brave act. D.To call people's attention to allergic reactions.
[解析] 推理判断题。文章第一段简明扼要地讲述了这件事，第二至五段详细讲述了易兹是如何给父亲实施急救的。后文又提到了与易兹相关的采访内容。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是报道一名九岁女孩的勇敢之举，故选C项。
【微技能】作者写作意图题的解题策略
写作意图题要求学生根据文章内容推测作者的写作意图或作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不会直接陈述自己的写作意图，而是通过文章提供的客观事实使读者信服某种观点或了解某种现象。这就要求学生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所描述的观点、现象及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
常见设问方式有：
For what purpose did the author write the passage
The writer writes this passage in order to…
The purpose of the text is to…
What is the purpose of the last/… paragraph/the text
The writer uses the example of… to…
解答此类题有两种方法：
（1）主旨推断法
写作意图与文章主旨密切相关，因此，解答这类题可使用略读法，即重点关注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后根据主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，其主题句多在文首。
（2）文体推断法
作者的写作目的与文体密切相关。
①议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点、倡导某种做法等。
②科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类的说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识，提出某种建议、劝告或呼吁，或希望有关部门或人士对某种现象给予重视。
③记叙文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的经历，告诉读者一个有趣的故事，使读者获得乐趣；若是夹叙夹议的文章，则常是表达作者的感悟或给读者某种教育或启示。
④广告类文章的目的是推销一种产品或一种服务，吸引更多的目标客户。
【长难句分析】A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic reaction which stopped his heart.
句式分析：句子主干是A schoolgirl saved her father's life; by kicking him in the chest为方式状语，表示“通过……的方法”；after引导时间状语从句，从句中含有which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a serious allergic reaction。
句意：一名女学生在她的父亲因严重的过敏反应而心跳骤停后，用踢他胸部的办法挽救了父亲的生命。
Unit 5
First Aid
知识·技能·考试
戳考点
本单元高频考点：
1.depend on 2.delay 3.practical 4.ease 5.动名词和现在分词在高考中的考查
1.depend on
depend on在完形填空中主要考查对其词义的掌握。
例 [全国乙2022·改编] Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for
every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, ___ the sugar content.
B
A.focusing on B.depending on C.holding on D.looking on
[解析] 句意为：自4月以来，饮料公司被迫根据含糖量，为他们生产或进口的每升含糖饮料支付18到24便士（的税款）。focus on意为“关注；集中于”；depend on意为“取决于”；hold on意为“坚持住”；look on意为“旁观”。
2.delay
delay在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查其非谓语形式；②考查固定短语delay doing sth。
例1 It is suggested that local education authorities across China should take more action to help students
get more sleep, including _________（delay） the start of morning classes by half an hour.
delaying
例2 ___________________________ （delay） by traffic, I was late for the meeting.
Delayed/Having been delayed
例3 [湖北部分高中2023高二期中·改编] Millions of US adults skip or delay _______ （get） their
prescriptions （处方） filled due to high costs.
getting
[解析] 句意为：数以百万计的美国成年人由于高昂的费用而略过或推迟按照处方配药。delaying doing sth意为“推迟做某事”。
3.practical
practical在语法填空中主要考查词性转换，其名词形式为practice，副词形式为practically。
例1 [江苏常州2022高三期中·改编] Stories say the Colosseum was built to a _________ （practice）
design, with its 80 arched entrances allowing easy access to 55,000 audiences, who were seated according
to rank.
practical
例2 [全国乙2021·改编] In fact plenty of younger kids have a mobile phone in their pocket.__________
（practical） everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Practically
4.ease
ease在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查与其派生词easy和easily的词性转换及其形容词和副词形式的比较等级；②考查固定搭配at ease。
例1 [天津市耀华中学2023高三月考·改编] Not knowing much of the world yet, simple-minded
teenagers are ______ （easy） taken in.
easily
例2 The popularity of art makes culture much ______ （easy） to enter people's life.
easier
例3 The shy boy didn't feel completely ___ ease in the strange surroundings.
at
5.动名词和现在分词在高考中的考查
例1 [全国新高考Ⅰ2022·改编] Everyone can play a part in _________ （reduce） waste, whether by
not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include
the side dish you won't eat.
reducing
[解析] 句意为：每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周购物时不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不添加你不吃的配菜。play a part in doing sth意为“在做某事中发挥作用”。
例2 [全国乙2022·改编] It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion
euros a year on maintenance, including ________ （send） maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect
and repair the rail infrastructure.
sending
[解析] 句意为：据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年就花费约200亿欧元用于维护，包括派遣维修人员（通常在夜间）对铁路基础设施进行检查和维修。including为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
例3 [全国新高考Ⅰ2022] _________ （cover） an area about three times the size of Yellowstone
National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
Covering
[解析] 句意为：大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，它将是我国首批国家公园之一。句中已有谓语will be且与设空处无连词连接，所以应用非谓语形式。cover与其逻辑主语the GPNP之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。
例4 [全国新高考Ⅱ2022] Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out
his arms to catch the _______ （fall） child.
falling
[解析] 句意为：亨利跑了100米，跳过了一个1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接这个正在下坠的孩子。设空处作定语修饰child，与被修饰词child为逻辑上的主动关系，同时有正在进行的含义，应用现在分词。
例5 [全国甲2022] He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20, _________ （plan） to
hike back to Xi'an in five months.
planning
[解析] 句意为：9月20号，他从西安飞了4,700千米至喀什，并计划在5个月内步行返回西安。句中已有谓语动词flew且与设空处之间无连词连接，故应用非谓语作状语。plan与其逻辑主语He之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。
时文领读
主题：人与自我——健康的生活方式
体裁：说明文
词数：325
难度：中
阅读用时：8分钟
背景导入：很多人有养宠物的爱好，宠物也成了许多家庭中不可或缺的一部分。我们在喂养宠物的时候，偶尔会被宠物抓伤或咬伤。有些人认为这是小事，可以不用理会，然而这是大错特错的想法。被宠物抓伤或咬伤以后，人们需要紧急处理伤口，而不是置之不理。
阅读技巧：训练在阅读理解中概括文章主旨大意和推断作者写作意图的能力，提高掌握篇章结构的能力。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
it's no wonder that… 为固定结 构，意为“……不 足为奇” Treating… 为动名 词短语作主语 if possible为条件状 语从句的省略结 构，if后省略了it is wherever引导地点 状语从句 As humans interact （互动） a lot with cats, it's no wonder thatcat bites and scratches① are common injuries, especially to children.Treating a cat bite or scratch should always start with the safety of all involved, including the patient, the rescuer, and if possible, the cat.The following steps can be taken at home, or wherever a bite occurs. 关键信息cat bites and scratches, Treating，
safety， steps
推理判断What is the purpose of the first
paragraph 根据首段信息，尤其是最后一句
The following steps can be taken at home,
or wherever a bite occurs.可知，该段阐明了
作者的写作意图，即介绍被猫咬伤或抓伤后
的处理措施，其目的在于提出主题并引起下
文。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
if frightened为条件 状语从句的省略结 构，if后省略了they are that引导同位语从 句，解释说明名词 expectation的内容 1.Stay safe.Secure the cat or the patient, or both.Move one away from the other.If the cat's owner is around, instruct him or her to secure the cat.If not, move the patient to a safe location.Cats may bite or scratch if frightened or their kittens② are threatened, so leave them alone.Don't start any treatment until there is a reasonable expectation that the cat won't attack again. 2.If you are not the patient, practise universal precautions （防范措施） and wear personal protective equipment if available. 段落大意第二段至第六段详细介绍了被猫咬伤或抓伤后的几个处理步骤。
细节理解判断下面这句话的正误：Once bitten by a cat, you should treat the bite
immediately.
根据第二段可知，应该在确保猫不会再次发起攻击的前提下对伤口进行处理，故该句表
述错误。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
using direct pressure为动名词短 语作介词by的宾语 that引导定语从 句，修饰先行词 severe bleeding Once意为“一旦”， 引导时间状语从句 being sure… 为现 在分词短语作状语 3.Control the bleeding by using direct pressure.Avoid using a tourniquet （止血带） unless there is severe bleeding that cannot be controlled by any other way.That's unlikely with a cat bite. 4.Once the bleeding is controlled, clean the wound with soap and warm water.Clean the inside of the wound, being sure to wash away all the soap, or it will cause irritation （疼痛） later.Any regular soap will do. 5.Cover the wound with a clean, dry dressing （绷带）.You can apply the antibiotic ointment （抗生素药膏） to the bite before covering it, but that is not absolutely necessary. 细节理解What should the patient do after the bite stops bleeding
根据第五段第一句Once the bleeding is controlled, clean the wound with soap and warm water.可知，在伤口停止出血后，应用
肥皂和温水清理伤口。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
how引导宾语从 句，其中you think 为插入语 whether引导宾语从 句，作动词 determine的宾语， 意为“是否” Regardless of how severe you think the bite is, always consult a doctor right away to determine whether further action is needed.The wound may need stitches （缝针）. Wounds on the face or hands should always be evaluated③ by a doctor because of the possibility of being scarred. 段落大意第七段介绍了被猫咬伤后及时就医
的重要性和必要性。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
Since they are often deep, cat bites and scratches can be easily infected.Watch for these signs of infection:redness， swelling， heat， and oozing pus （流脓）. 段落大意第八段介绍了被猫咬伤或抓伤后应
谨防感染以及注意感染的迹象。
主旨大意What is the best title for the
passage
根据文章第一段和其他段落的大意可知，文
章的最佳标题应为: How to Treat Cat Bites
and Scratches。
①scratch n.抓痕；挠痒 vi.& vt.抓 破；抓伤；挠 ②kitten n.小猫 ③evaluate vt.评价；评估 续表
【译文】
由于人类与猫互动接触很多，经常被猫咬伤或抓伤也就不足为奇了，尤其是对儿童来说。处理被猫咬伤或抓伤的伤口时，应该始终先确保所有相关人员的安全，包括伤者和救助者，如果可能的话，还有猫的安全。以下步骤可以在家里实施，也可以在任何发生咬伤的地方实施。
1.保证安全。确保猫或伤者的安全，或者两者兼顾。让他们远离彼此。如果猫的主人在旁边，让他或她保护好猫。如果主人不在，把伤者移到安全的地方去。当猫受到惊吓或它们的小猫受到威胁时，它们就可能咬伤或抓伤人，所以不要靠近它们。直到你有把握猫不会再次发起攻击，再开始任何处理工作。
2.如果你不是伤者,请遵循通用的防范措施，并且如果有条件的话，穿戴好个人防护装备。
3.使用直接按压的方式止血。不要使用止血带，除非出现了其他任何方法都无法控制的严重出血。（但）这对猫咬伤的伤口来说不太可能发生。
4.一旦出血得到控制，就用肥皂和温水清洗伤口。清洗伤口内部，确保冲洗掉所有的肥皂，否则过后会引起疼痛。任何普通的肥皂都可以（使用）。
5.用干净、干燥的绷带包扎伤口。在此之前你可以用抗生素药膏涂抹伤口, 但这并不是绝对必要的。
无论你认为咬伤的严重程度如何，都要立即咨询医生，以确定是否需要采取进一步措施。伤口或许需要缝针。脸上或手上的伤口都应该由医生进行评估，因为可能会留下疤痕。
因为伤口通常很深，所以猫咬伤和抓伤的伤口容易感染。注意这些感染的迹象:发红、肿胀、发热以及流脓。
真题展示
A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic （过敏的） reaction which stopped his heart.
Izzy, nine, restarted her father Colm's heart by stamping （用力踩） on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.
Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so she decided to use CPR （心肺复苏）.
However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest instead.
Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compression （胸部按压） until the ambulance arrived.
Izzy, who had been given a bravery award by her school, said, “I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”
“She's a little star,” said Debbie. “I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just can't believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR and then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert.”
Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing; his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.
He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位九岁的小女孩用踩父亲胸部的急救方式成功挽救父亲生命的故事。
1.Izzy kicked her father in the chest ___.
D
A.to express her helplessness B.to show him CPR
C.to keep him awake D.to restart his heart
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第一和第二段可知，易兹踢父亲的胸部是为了让他的心脏重新跳动起来，故选D项。
2.What's the right order of the events ( )
①Izzy kicked Colm.
②Debbie called 999.
③Izzy learnt CPR.
④Colm's heart stopped.
C
A.③①②④ B.④②③① C.③④②① D.④③①②
[解析] 细节理解题。根据文章第二至六段的内容可知，事件的顺序为：母亲教易兹心肺复苏术——父亲心脏停止跳动——母亲拨打急救电话——易兹给父亲实施急救。故选C项。
3.What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about ( )
A
A.What Colm suffered. B.Colm's present condition.
C.What caused Colm's allergy. D.Symptoms of Colm's allergic reaction.
[解析] 主旨大意题。根据第八段中的suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday及The second attack可知，此段主要记叙了易兹的父亲出现过敏反应的两次经历及遭受的病痛，故选A项。
4.Why does the author write the news ( )
C
A.To describe a serious accident. B.To prove the importance of CPR.
C.To report a 9-year-old girl's brave act. D.To call people's attention to allergic reactions.
[解析] 推理判断题。文章第一段简明扼要地讲述了这件事，第二至五段详细讲述了易兹是如何给父亲实施急救的。后文又提到了与易兹相关的采访内容。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是报道一名九岁女孩的勇敢之举，故选C项。
【微技能】作者写作意图题的解题策略
写作意图题要求学生根据文章内容推测作者的写作意图或作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不会直接陈述自己的写作意图，而是通过文章提供的客观事实使读者信服某种观点或了解某种现象。这就要求学生不仅能理解文章的内容，还要具备对作者所描述的观点、现象及使用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
常见设问方式有：
For what purpose did the author write the passage
The writer writes this passage in order to…
The purpose of the text is to…
What is the purpose of the last/… paragraph/the text
The writer uses the example of… to…
解答此类题有两种方法：
（1）主旨推断法
写作意图与文章主旨密切相关，因此，解答这类题可使用略读法，即重点关注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主题句，抓住文章主旨，然后根据主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说明文等，其主题句多在文首。
（2）文体推断法
作者的写作目的与文体密切相关。
①议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点、倡导某种做法等。
②科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类的说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识，提出某种建议、劝告或呼吁，或希望有关部门或人士对某种现象给予重视。
③记叙文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的经历，告诉读者一个有趣的故事，使读者获得乐趣；若是夹叙夹议的文章，则常是表达作者的感悟或给读者某种教育或启示。
④广告类文章的目的是推销一种产品或一种服务，吸引更多的目标客户。
【长难句分析】A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic reaction which stopped his heart.
句式分析：句子主干是A schoolgirl saved her father's life; by kicking him in the chest为方式状语，表示“通过……的方法”；after引导时间状语从句，从句中含有which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a serious allergic reaction。
句意：一名女学生在她的父亲因严重的过敏反应而心跳骤停后，用踢他胸部的办法挽救了父亲的生命。