(共51张PPT)
Unit 5
First Aid
Period Ⅲ
Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
敲黑板
1.语言知识：panic, interrupt, desperate, help sb to one's feet, practical, justify, out of shape, have sth done结构，so… that 引导结果状语从句等。
2.语言技能：学会写记叙文。
必刷词汇
1.sprain vt.______________ n.______
扭伤（关节）
扭伤
2.ankle n.____________
踝；踝关节
3.welfare n.________________________近 well-being
幸福；福祉；安康；福利
4._______ vi.& vt.（使）淹死；溺死；浸泡；淹没
drown
5.______ vi.& vt.（过去式_________, 过去分词_________）（使）惊慌 n.惊恐；恐慌 搭配 ___ ______
惊慌地
panic
panicked
panicked
in
panic
6._______ vi.& vt.（因愤怒或恐惧）高声喊；大声叫 n.尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音
scream
7._______ adj.同类的；同事的；同伴的；同情况的 n.男人；家伙；同事；同辈；同类
fellow
8.______ n.（尤指餐馆的）就餐者 联想 _____ vi.进餐 拓展 _______ __________ 餐厅
diner
dine
dining
room/hall
9._______ vi.& vt.（使）窒息；（使）哽咽
choke
10.______ n.牛排；肉排
steak
11.______ n.咽喉；喉咙
throat
12._____ vt.（过去式________，过去分词________）（用手掌）打、拍 n.（用手掌）打、拍；拍击声
slap
slapped
slapped
13.____ n.拳；拳头
fist
14._____ vt.（过去式________，过去分词________，现在分词_________）抓住；攫取 n.抓取；抢夺
grab
grabbed
grabbed
grabbing
15._______ n.运动；移动 派 __________ adj.不动的；静止的
motion
motionless
16._______ vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由 派 ①________ adj.合理的；有正当理
由的 ②___________ n.辩护；正当的理由
justify
justified
justification
17.________ vi.（突然）倒塌；（因病等）昏倒
collapse
18.________ n.使用手册；说明书 adj.用手的；手工的；体力的；手控的 拓展________ ____________
体力劳动
manual
manual
labour/labor
19._______ n.郊区；城外 联想 ______ adj.城市的
suburb
urban
20.____________ n.会员身份；全体会员；会员人数
membership
21._________ n.流血；失血 联想 ①______ vi.（过去式_____, 过去分词_____）流血；失血 ②______ n.
血；血液
bleeding
bleed
bled
bled
blood
22._________ vi.& vt.打断；打扰 vt.使暂停；使中断 派 ___________ n.打断
interrupt
interruption
23._________ adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 派 ①___________ n.绝望;拼命;铤而走险 ②
___________ adv.绝望地；拼命地；不顾一切地
desperate
desperation
desperately
24._________ adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的 联想 ________ n.实践；练习
practical
practice
25.___________ n.阻碍；堵塞；阻塞物 联想 ________ vt.阻挡；妨碍
obstruction
obstruct
26._____ adj.牢固的；紧身的；绷紧的；严密的 adv.紧紧地；牢固地 反 ______ adj.松的 搭配 _____
_____ 抓紧 联想 ①_______ adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地②_______ vt.& vi.（使）变紧；（使）更牢固
tight
loose
hold
tight
tightly
tighten
27.______ adj.有雾的 联想 ____ n.雾
foggy
fog
28._____ ____ ___ ______ _____ 帮助某人站起身来
help
sb
to
one's
feet
29._____ _________ 面朝上（朝下）
face
up/down
30.______ ___ 迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉
sleep
in
31.____ ___ ______ 健康状况不好；走样的 联想 ①____ ___ ______ 次序颠倒； 发生故障②____ ___
_____ 过期的③____ ___ ______ 不适当；位置不当
out
of
shape
out
of
order
out
of
date
out
of
place
核心词汇
When listening to instructions in English, you should listen carefully and don't panic.当你听到用英语发出的指令时，你应该仔细听，不要慌张。教材P55
1 panic vi.&vt.（panicked，panicked；panicking） （使）惊慌 n.惊恐；恐慌
In case of fire, don't panic.如遇火灾，不要惊慌。
The sound of gunfire panicked the crowd.炮火声使人群惊慌失措。
&1& panic sb into doing sth使某人仓皇行事
in （a） panic 惊慌地；处于恐慌中
get into a panic陷入恐慌（表示动作）
the panic over/about… 对……的恐慌
She refused to be panicked into a hasty marriage.她不愿因恐慌而仓促结婚。
The children fled in panic.孩子们惊慌地逃走了。
There's no point getting into a panic when you are facing difficulty.当你面对困难时，陷入恐慌是没有用的。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Carmel was ___ a panic about her exams.
in
2.Hearing the gun, the horses ______________ （panic） into running in all directions.
were panicked
3.Local authorities are stepping up their efforts to alleviate the panic __________ water shortage.
about/over
4.There is no point __________ （panic） or falling apart, instead you should cheer up.
paincking
二、根据汉语提示补全句子。
1.One member of the rescue team told the reporter that the trapped people were not ______________
（处于恐慌中）.
in （a） panic
2.She ________________（陷入恐慌） when she couldn't find the tickets.
got into a panic
Chen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another table.陈伟是北京的一名高中生，当他听到另一桌的人在尖叫时，他的晚餐被打断了。教材P56
2 interrupt vi.&vt.打断；打扰 vt.使暂停；使中断
Sorry to interrupt but I have an urgent message for you.对不起打扰了，但我有紧急消息带给你。
&2& interruption n.打扰;中断
without interruption不间断地；连续；不被打断
&3& interrupt与disturb的用法区别
①interrupt指“中断;打断;打扰”，主要指打断某人的谈话或活动，强调使对方停止。
②disturb指“打扰;搅乱”，侧重于对行为的干扰或干预，或搅乱正常的状态。
The buzz interrupted his thought.蜂鸣声打断了他的沉思。
Please do not disturb us when we are working.我们工作的时候请不要打扰我们。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Will you stop ___________ （interrupt） me when I'm talking
interrupting
2.Let's go to a place where we can play without___________ （interrupt）.
interruption
3.They _______________ （interrupt） by a knock at the door last night.
were interrupted
二、用interrupt或disturb填空。
1.It's impolite to _________ teachers with jokes in class.
interrupt
[解析] 句意为：上课时用玩笑打断老师是不礼貌的。
2.His visit will _______ the children's stable life.
disturb
[解析] 句意为：他的来访将扰乱孩子们的稳定生活。
He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.他按住自己的喉咙，脸涨得通红，而他的朋友们正在拼命拍他的背。教材P56
3 desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的；拼命的；（情况）很危急的；极危险的
释义·理解
desperate
①tried when all else has failed
②ready to do anything regardless of danger
③in great need
④extremely serious or dangerous
I decided not to abandon John when he was in such a desperate position.我决定不在约翰走投无路的时候抛弃他。
&4& be desperate with… 因为……而绝望
be desperate for… 极其需要……
be desperate to do sth极想做某事
She was desperate with fear.她因恐惧而感到绝望。［《朗文当代》］
After searching all night, they were desperate for help.搜寻了一整夜之后，他们迫切需要帮助。
He is desperate to get a job.他迫切想要得到一份工作。
&5& ①desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地；非常
②desperation n.绝望；拼命
in desperation 在绝望之中；在走投无路的情况下
定向练3
翻译句子。
1.The man lost in the desert was desperate for water.
____________________________________
这名在沙漠中迷路的男子极度需要水。
2.They made a desperate attempt to save the company.
______________________________
他们孤注一掷，试图挽救公司。
3.Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girl's life.
______________________________________
医生们不顾一切地奋力抢救这个小女孩。
4.In desperation, she called her mother and asked for her help.
____________________________________________
在走投无路的情况下，她给她母亲打电话求助。
With the help of Zhang's friends, he was able to help Zhang to his feet.在张涛朋友的帮助下，他帮助张涛站了起来。教材P56
4 help sb to one's feet 帮助某人站起身来
&6& 含有feet的其他常用短语
jump/leap to one's feet 跳起来
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
stand on one's own feet 自立；独立自主
get/rise to one's feet 站起身
He rose to his feet and tapped on the table as if he was going to speak.他站起身，轻轻敲了敲桌子，好像要发言似的。
定向练4
翻译句子。
1.听到这个消息，他高兴地跳了起来。
__________________________________________________
Hearing the news, he leapt/jumped to his feet with joy.
2.他试图挣扎着站起来，却是徒劳的。
________________________________________
He tried to struggle to his feet, but in vain.
3.既然你已经是个成年人了，你必须学会自立。
______________________________________________________________________
Now that you have been an adult, you must learn to stand on your own feet.
4.他站起身来，向医生走去。
_________________________________________________
He rose/got to his feet and walked towards the doctor.
Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick, practical, and easy.实施“海姆利希急救法”快速、实用、简便。教材P56
5 practical adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的；心灵手巧的
There are some obvious practical applications of the research.这项研究有一些明显的实际用途。
It wouldn't be practical for us to go all that way just for the weekend.我们跑那么远只为了去度个周末实在很不切实际。
Bob's very practical.He does all the odd jobs around the house.鲍勃非常心灵手巧，家里的零活他都包了。
&7& ①practically adv.实事求是地；实际地；几乎；差不多
The theatre was practically empty.剧院几乎是空的。
②practice n.实践；练习；惯例；习惯；习俗
in practice实际上；在实践中
It is his . .practice to read several books a week.他习惯于每周读几本书。
③practise/practice vt.& vi.练习；实践；实习；从事（职业）
practise doing sth 练习做某事
He was banned from practising medicine.他被禁止行医。
定向练5
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.We can offer you _________ （practice） suggestions on how to increase the fibre in your daily diet.
practical
2.The plan isn't unreasonable or __________ （practical） inconvenient.
practically
3.Today we are going to practise ________ （park）.
parking
二、翻译句子。
1.Practice makes perfect.
____________
熟能生巧。
2.I agree with it in principle but I doubt if it will happen in practice.
______________________________________________________
在理论上我是同意它的，但我怀疑在实践中它是否会发生。
How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing 我有什么理由坐视不管呢？教材P56
6 justify vt.证明……有道理；证明……正确；为……辩护；是……的正当理由
释义·理解
justify
①to show that sth/sb is right or reasonable
②defend; to be or give a good reason for
Her success justified the faith her teachers had put in her.她的成功证明了老师对她的信任是正确的。
Why should we justify this kind of unhealthy development model 为什么我们要为这种不健康的发展模式辩护呢
&8& justify doing sth 证明做某事有道理/正确/正当
justify yourself （to sb） （向某人）为自己辩解
They could not easily justify spending the money on this.他们很难为此项花销作出合理的解释。
Can you justify yourself for the accident 你能就这个事故为自己辩护吗？
&9& ①just adj.公正的；公平的；正义的 adv.正好，恰好（=exactly）；刚刚，刚才；只是，仅仅 （=only）
a just decision/law/society 公正的判决/法律/社会
This hammer is just the thing I need.这把锤子正是我需要的东西。
I just want to ask you if you're free this afternoon.我只是想问你今天下午有没有空。
②justice n.［U］公正；公道；正义；法律制裁；司法制度
a strong sense of justice 强烈的正义感
do sb justice/do justice to sb 公平对待某人；给予某人公正评价
Justice has long arms.天网恢恢，疏而不漏。
定向练6
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.They found it hard to _______ （justice） their son's giving up a secure well-paid job.
justify
[解析] 句意为：他们难以理解儿子竟放弃了收入颇丰的稳定工作。
2.He has a strong sense of _______ （justify）.
justice
[解析] 句意为：他有很强的正义感。a strong sense of justice 意为“强烈的正义感”。
3.Having stayed at home for a week, I can't really justify_______ （take） another day off work.
taking
[解析] 句意为：在家里待了一个星期，我实在无法再请一天假。take a day off意为“请一天假”，为固定搭配。justify后需接动名词作宾语，故填taking。
二、翻译句子。
1.I waited for an hour just to see you.
________________________________
我等了一个小时，只是为了见你。
2.Henry sincerely believed that he was fighting a just war.
__________________________________________
亨利由衷地相信他是在进行一场正义的战争。
3.There would be no justice in the world when people can be made to suffer like that.
__________________________________________________
当人们被迫遭受那样的痛苦时，这世上将无正义可言。
… Nancy Jones felt that she was getting out of shape and decided that she needed to get some exercise.……南希·琼斯觉得自己的身体正在逐渐变差，她决定她需要做一些运动。教材P58
7 out of shape 健康状况不好；（因受损、处理不当等）变形的，走样的
My bicycle wheel is bent out of shape.我的一个自行车轮子弯曲变形了。
&10& shape的用法
①n.［C,U］形状；外形；形态；形式（常用单数）
in the shape of… 以……的形状；以……的形式
keep/stay in shape锻炼身体；保持健康
The pool was in the shape of a heart.游泳池呈心形。
②vt.使成形；使成为……的形状；塑造；决定……的形成；影响……的发展
shape… into… 把……塑（造）成……
A good teacher helps shape a child's character.一个好老师能帮助塑造孩子的性格。
Instead of shaping you into what I need you to be, I accept you as you are.我会接受你本来的样子，而不是把你塑造成我需要你成为的样子。
定向练7
一、根据汉语提示补全句子。
1.Many of my older customers do yoga to _________ ___ ______ （保持健康） in their fifties.
keep/stay
in
shape
[解析] 句意为：许多我的年长的顾客在五十多岁时通过做瑜伽来保持健康。
2.He expressed his thanks to us ___ ____ ______ ___ （以……的形式） an invitation to dinner.
in
the
shape
of
[解析] 句意为：他以邀请我们共进晚餐的形式向我们表示感谢。
3.After the accident, the wheel of the car had been twisted ____ ___ ______ （变形）.
out
of
shape
[解析] 句意为：那场事故之后，车轮已经扭曲变形了。
二、翻译句子。
1.It is not what we do once in a while that shapes our life but what we do consistently.
__________________________________________________________________
塑造我们人生的不是我们偶尔为之的事情，而是我们一直坚持做的事情。
2.Life on earth takes many shapes.
________________________
地球上的生物千姿百态。
1
【句意】陈伟是北京的一名高中生，当他听到另一桌的人在尖叫时，他的晚餐被打断了。教材P56
&11& have sth done结构
在have sth done结构中,have为使役动词，过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语与过去分词表示的动作之间是逻辑上的被动关系。have可以与get互换。此结构可表示不同的意义：
①（主语）请/派别人完成某事。
The patient is going to have his temperature taken.这个病人准备让人给他量体温。
②（主语）参与完成某事。
They are going to have some trees planted along the river banks.他们打算沿着河岸种一些树。
I can't have the car started.我不能把这辆车发动起来。
③（主语）遭遇某种不幸的情况。
The town got some famous buildings destroyed in the floods.镇上的一些著名建筑在洪水中被毁了。
&12& have… do/doing/done的用法区别
结 构 用法
have sbdo sth do sth是省去 to 的动词不定式，sb与不定式所表示的动作之间为逻辑上的主动关
系。该结构意为“让/安排某人做某事”。 I'll have someone repair the bike for you.我
会找人为你修理自行车的。
have sb/sth doing sth sb/sth与现在分词表示的动作之间为逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作延续或进行。该结
构用于否定句中时，常表示“不允许；不容忍”。 We can't have people arriving late
all the time.我们不允许总是有人迟到。
have sb/sth done sb/sth与过去分词表示的动作之间是逻辑上的被动关系。 We had the machine
repaired.我们请人把机器修好了。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I won't have you _______ （talk） like that to your mother.
talking
[解析] have sb doing用于否定句时，表示“不允许；不容忍”。句意为：我不允许你跟你妈妈那样讲话。
2.It was cold, and he had the fire ________ （burn） the whole night to keep warm.
burning
[解析] have sth doing表示动作的延续。句意为：天气很冷，于是他让火燃烧了一整夜来取暖。
3.We must have the work ________ （finish） by Tuesday.
finished
[解析] work与finish之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。句意为：我们必须在星期二之前完成此项工作。
4.He had his leg _______ （break） in the match.
broken
[解析] leg和break 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。句意为：他的腿在比赛中摔断了。
5.The director had her assistant _____ （pick） up some hot dogs for the meeting.
pick
[解析] 考查短语have sb do sth，意为“让某人做某事”。句意为：经理让她的助理为这次会议买了一些热狗。
6.Tom had his luggage ________ （check） an hour before his plane left.
checked
[解析] luggage和check 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。句意为：汤姆在飞机起飞前一小时（让安检人员）对他的行李进行了检查。
二、用have的相关表达翻译句子。
1.妈妈让我去商店买一些水果。
_____________________________________________
Mother has me go to the shop to buy some fruit.
2.前几天他的手机被偷了。
_______________________________________
He had his cellphone stolen the other day.
2
【句意】事实上，它简单到几乎任何人都能学会。教材P56
&13& so… that引导结果状语从句
so… that意为“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句，具体形式如下：
①so+形容词/副词+that…
I was so busy at that time that I didn't go to sleep for three days. 那时我很忙，忙到三天没睡觉。
The pop star sang so beautifully that he was asked to sing again and again. 这位流行音乐歌星唱得如此动听，以至于人们要求他唱了一首又一首。
②so+形容词+a（n）+可数名词单数+that…
This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it.这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
③so+many/few+可数名词复数+that…
I have so many problems to deal with now that I have no time to chat with you.我现在有很多问题要处理，所以没时间和你聊天。
He has so few friends that he is lonely.他的朋友很少，所以他很寂寞。
④so+much/little （少的）+不可数名词+that…
There was so much food that we couldn't eat it all up.食物太多了，我们根本吃不完。
I have so little money that I cannot afford a car.我的钱太少，买不起汽车。
特别注意当单数名词前有形容词时，既可用so，也可用such，但不定冠词的位置有所不同。
This is such an important meeting that you should attend it.=This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.这是一次很重要的会议，你应该参加。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.She had ____ little education that she couldn't find a job.
so
2.I was ____ sleepy that I could hardly keep my eyes open.
so
3.He is _____ a great speaker that many people invite him.
such
4.He had ____ many falls that he was black and blue all over.
so
5.The problem was that I had ____ few clients that I could hardly support my family.
so
6.It is so big a stone _____ no one can carry it.
that
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.他说得如此快，以至于我听不懂。
He spoke ___________________________ follow him.
so quickly/fast that I couldn't
2.她是个如此可爱的女孩，每个人都喜欢她。
She is ____________________________________________________.
so lovely a girl/such a lovely girl that everyone loves her
3.任务那么多，我感觉很累。
There are so ______________________________.
many tasks that I feel very tired
4.我们的时间那么少，以至于我们不能按时完成那项工作。
We _____________________________________________ on schedule.
had so little time that we couldn't finish the work
写作仿 写记叙文
文体分析
1.文体介绍
记叙文包括个人故事、游记、报道、人物介绍等，是以人物的经历和事件发展变化为主要内容的一种文体形式。
近年高考作文中对于记叙文的考查以提纲式作文为主。考生在写作过程中可以时间或者空间为线索展开描述，叙述方式包括正叙、倒叙、插叙和夹叙夹议等。此外，行文时应注意人称和时态的选择，一般选取第一或第三人称，表达自己或他人的经历或感受；时态通常以一般过去时为主，并结合上下文选用其他恰当的时态。
2.篇章结构
素材储备
1.开头段常用表达
Everyone has an unforgettable memory.To me, it was…, and I still remember the whole process vividly.每个人都有难以忘怀的回忆，对我而言，它是……，并且我仍然能清晰地回忆起整个过程。
Recently, our school held a（n）…, and it turned out to be a meaningful experience.最近，我们学校举行了……,结果证明这是一次有意义的经历。
Yesterday, I took part in/participated in… 昨天，我参加了……
From the picture, we can see that… 从图片中我们能够看到……
As is shown/described in the picture… 正如图片所示……
As… was approaching, our class decided to hold a party to celebrate… 随着……的临近，我们班决定举行一次聚会以庆祝……
I didn't realise the importance of… until… 直到……我才意识到……的重要性。
2.主体段常用表达
Seeing this/Hearing this, I… 看见/听见这种情况，我……
I was doing… when… 我正在做……这时……
Without hesitation, I decided to… 我毫不犹豫地决定……
We make every effort to/spare no effort to… 我们尽一切努力/不遗余力……
Hardly had+主语+done… when… 一……就……
I was so… that… 我是如此……以至于……
What surprised/attracted/delighted us most was that… 最使我们吃惊/最吸引我们/最使我们高兴的是……
3.结尾段常用表达
When it was time to…, they… 到了……的时候，他们……
Only when… can we… 只有在……的时候，我们才能……
It is high/about time that we did/should do… 是我们该做……的时候了。
It is… that matters most/makes a difference.……才是最重要的/有作用的。
My hard work pays off, and I am quite proud of what I have achieved/the progress I have made in… 我的努力有了成效，我为自己在……方面所取得的成果/进步感到非常自豪。
Ever since then, I have found that smiling is the best way to avoid any possible conflict in our daily life.从那时起，我发现微笑是避开我们日常生活中任何潜在冲突的最佳方法。
句子仿写
1.最近，我们学校举办了一场篮球赛。
________________________________________
Recently, our school held a basketball game.
2.结果证明这是一次难忘的经历。
___________________________________________
It turned out to be an unforgettable experience.
3.他一听到有人呼救，就毫不犹豫地跳进了河里。
Hardly ___________________________________ when he jumped into the river without hesitation.
had he heard someone calling for help
4.只有当我们努力通过学习提高自己时，我们才能为未来做好准备。
Only when we try to improve ourselves by learning __________________________________________.
can we make good preparations for the future
5.是我们该告诉他全部实情的时候了。（high time）
①_________________________________________________
②___________________________________________
It's high time that we should tell him the whole truth.
It's high time that we told him the whole truth.
6.用非限制性定语从句合并句1和句2。
______________________________________________________________________________________
Recently, our school held a basketball game, which turned out to be an unforgettable experience.
模拟演练
生活中常有意外事故发生。假设在上周五，在你和你班同学李华打完开水回寝室的路上，李华的热水瓶突然破裂，开水烫伤了李华的脚。你对李华采取了必要的急救措施。请你结合此事，写一篇英语周记。内容包括：
1.事情发生的经过；
2.你是如何实施急救的（冷水冲洗、送去医院做进一步处理等）；
3.简要谈谈你对掌握一定急救知识的重要性的认识。
注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：热水瓶thermos bottle
Accidents happen.________________________________________________________________________
【思路引导】
【参考范文】
Accidents happen.Last Friday, Li Hua and I were on our way back to the dormitory after fetching some hot water when Li Hua's thermos bottle burst and the boiling water caused severe injuries to his feet.
The burn was so severe that his skin became red and swollen.Seeing this, I immediately carried him to the tap nearby and put his feet under the cold running water.Afterwards, I rushed him to hospital where he received further treatment.I was finally relieved.
Only then was I aware of what a difference basic knowledge of first aid can make, especially in such a case.
请总结你学到的有用表达：
【高级词汇】
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【高级句式】
___________________________________________________________________________________________(共64张PPT)
Unit 5
First Aid
Period Ⅱ
Learning About Language
敲黑板
1.语言知识：slip, operator, delay, sign, have trouble （in） doing sth, a matter of, if虚拟条件句, 动词-ing形式（动名词、现在分词）等。
2.语言技能：掌握动词-ing形式的用法并正确使用动词-ing形式作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。
必刷词汇
1.paramedic n.____________________
急救医生；护理人员
2.mosquito n.______ （pl.__________；___________）
蚊子
mosquitos
mosquitoes
3.ward n.______
病房
4.________ vt.& vi.吞下；咽下 n.燕子
swallow
5.______ vt.（过去式_________, 过去分词_________, 现在分词_________） 包、裹；（用手臂等）围住
搭配 ______ sth ____ 把某物包起来
wrap
wrapped
wrapped
wrapping
wrap
up
6._____ vi.（过去式________, 过去分词________, 现在分词________） 滑倒；滑落；溜走 n.滑倒；小错
误；纸条
派 ①________ adj.滑的 ②_______ n.拖鞋
slip
slipped
slipped
slipping
slippery
slipper
7._______ adj.年纪较大的；上了年纪的（婉辞）
elderly
8._______ n.地毯 联想 ________ n.毛毯
carpet
blanket
9.__________ n.救护车
ambulance
10.________ n.浴缸；浴盆 联想 ①_____ n.洗澡；浴缸；浴盆；洗澡水 vt.给……洗澡 ②______ vt.
给……洗澡；使沐浴（在光线里）
bathtub
bath
bathe
11.________ n.电话接线员；操作员 联想 ①________ v.运转; 操作;（使）运行；动手术 ②_________ n.
操作；经营；手术
operator
operate
operation
12.______ vi.& vt.推迟；延期（做某事） vt.耽误；耽搁 n.延误；耽搁（的时间）；推迟
搭配 ①______ ______ sth推迟做某事 ②________ ______ 立即；毫不拖延地
delay
delay
doing
without
delay
13._______ n.针；缝衣针；注射针；指针 拓展 ___ _______ _____ _______ 针线
needle
a
needle
and
thread
14._____ _____ 生命体征
vital
sign
核心词汇
When he got out of the bathtub, he slipped and fell on the floor.他从浴缸里出来时滑倒了，摔在了地上。 教材P53
1 slip
① vi.（slipped, slipping）滑倒；滑落；溜走；陷入，进入（困难或不愉快的处境） vt.把……悄悄放在……
释义·理解
slip v. ①lose one's balance; fall
②move quickly without being noticed
③pass into a particular situation
④put something somewhere quickly or secretly without being noticed
The ladder I was standing on began to slip.我站着的那个梯子开始滑动。
The less sleep we have, the more tendency we have to slip into negative emotions.睡眠越少，我们就越容易陷入消极情绪。
I managed to slip a few jokes into my speech.我设法在演讲中穿插了几个笑话。
② n.滑倒；小错误；纸条
One slip meant a long tumble to the rocks below.一旦滑倒就意味着一路滚落到下面的岩石上。
Paul gave me a slip with his telephone number on it.保罗给了我一张纸条，上面有他的电话号码。
&2& a slip of the tongue/pen口误/笔误
a slip of paper一张纸条
&1& slip away 溜出去；悄悄离开；（机会）错过
slip into/out of 溜进/出
slip one's mind/memory被忘记
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I meant to buy some milk, but it completely ________ （slip） my mind.
slipped
2.This time, Radford did not let her chance slip ______.
away
二、翻译句子。
1.She slipped on the wet floor and hurt her leg.
________________________________
她在湿地板上滑倒了，摔伤了腿。
2.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.
______________________________________
感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入幻想之中。
3.Better slip with foot than with tongue.
______________________
宁可失足，也不失言。
Then she realised that she could not get up, and that she was having trouble breathing.然后她意识到她起不来了，而且呼吸困难。教材P53
2 have trouble （in） doing sth 做某事有困难
My brother almost had no trouble （in） working out the problem.我的哥哥几乎没费什么劲就解决了这个问题。
&3& 表示“做某事有困难”的其他常用表达
have problems/difficulty （in） doing sth
have a hard time doing sth
have trouble with sth
They had great trouble/problems/difficulty （in） finding a replacement.他们费了很大劲找接替的人。
They had a hard time trying to find my place.他们好不容易才找到我这里。
I have great trouble with my English learning.我学英语很费劲。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.You can hardly imagine the difficulty the woman had _________ （bring） up her children.
bringing
[解析] 句意为：你几乎无法想象那位女士抚养孩子的困难。have difficulty （in） doing sth意为“做某事有困难”。此句中difficulty为先行词，定语从句the woman had省略了关系代词that/which。
2.She had great problems ________ （keep） focused.
keeping
[解析] 句意为：她很难保持专注。have problems （in） doing sth意为“做某事有困难”。此处省略了介词in。
二、翻译句子。
1.It is not uncommon for students to have a hard time understanding classics.
______________________________________
学生理解经典著作有困难，这并不少见。
2.Tom is having much trouble getting up in the morning and always late for work.
____________________________________
汤姆早晨起床很困难，上班总是迟到。
3.我费了很大劲才找到那个工厂。
__________________________________________________________
I had great trouble/problems/difficulty （in） finding that factory.
While attempting to talk to the operator, Mrs Taylor discovered that she could not speak.在尝试与电话接线员讲话时，泰勒女士发现她说不出话来。教材P53
3 operator n.电话接线员；操作员；经营者；公司
a computer/machine/radio operator 一个电脑/机器/无线电设备操作员
&4& ①operation n.手术；经营；业务；运转，操作；军事行动
come into operation 实行；生效；开始运转
Starting your own business can be a risky operation.自己创业可能是个有风险的事情。
And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her leg.而后在十一月末，蒂莉的腿做了手术。
the UN peacekeeping operations 联合国维和行动
②operate vi.运转，运作；经营，营业；开刀，动手术；行事，干，做 vt.经营，管理;操作 vi.& vt.（使）工作，（使）运行
operate on sb/sth 给某人/身体某部位做手术
operate as sth起……作用；作……用
Examine a patient and then decide whether or not to operate.先为病人做检查，然后再决定是否要做手术。
Your partners will have a voice in how you operate your company.你的合伙人将对你如何经营公司有发言权。
定向练3
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The new production plant came into _________ （operate） last month.
operation
[解析] 句意为：新的生产工厂上个月开始运营了。come into operation在此处意为“开始运营”。
2.Surgery is required to correct her curved back and a team of specialists are ready to operate ____ her.
on
[解析] 句意为：她需要接受手术来矫正她弯曲的脊椎，医疗专家团队已经准备好给她做手术了。operate on sb意为“给某人做手术”。
3.The number of 5G connections in China is expected to reach 892 million by the end of 2025,
according to a recent analysis by GSMA, an international association of mobile ________ （operate）.
operator
[解析] 句意为：根据国际移动运营商协会GSMA最近的分析，到2025年底，中国5G连接总数预计将达到8.92亿。mobile operator意为“移动通信公司，移动运营商”。
二、翻译句子，体会operate的一词多义。
1.Most domestic freezers operate at below -18℃.
__________________________________________
大多数家用冰柜制冷可达零下18摄氏度以下。
2.Some people only operate well under pressure.
________________________________
有些人只有在压力下才工作得好。
3.What skills are needed to operate this machine
____________________________
操作这台机器需要什么技能？
After arriving, the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen, put in an IV needle, and checked her vital signs.救援队到达之后，很快就发现了泰勒女士，然后立刻给她输氧，进行静脉注射并检查她的生命体征。教材P53
4 delay
① n.延误；耽搁（的时间）；推迟
There is no time left for delay.已经没有时间再拖延了。
&5& without delay立即； 毫不拖延地
a delay of two hours/a two-hour delay两小时的延误
② vi.& vt.推迟；延期（做某事） vt.耽误；耽搁
Can you . .delay him in some way 你能想办法拖住他一会儿吗？
释义·理解
delay v.
①not do sth until a later time
②cause sb/sth to be late
&6& delay doing sth 推迟做某事
He delayed telling her the news, waiting for the right moment.他没有马上把消息告诉她，而是在等待合适的时机。
&7& ①postpone vt.推迟；使延期
②put off 推迟
③hold up 耽搁，阻延
We had to postpone/put off/hold up our wedding until September.我们不得不把婚期推迟到九月。
定向练4
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.They must restore normal services ________ delay.
without
2.The sports meeting has been put____ until tomorrow because of the bad weather.
off
3.Big companies sometimes delay _______ （pay） their bills.
paying
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.我们决定将休假延至下个月。
We decided until next month.
to
delay/postpone
our
holiday/vacation
2.该航班因大雾而严重晚点。
The flight _____ ______ _________________because of the thick blanket of fog.
was
badly
delayed/postponed
5 sign
① n.符号；记号；迹象；手势；征兆；指示牌
Her son used sign language to tell her what had happened.她儿子用手语告诉她发生了什么事。
There is no sign of life in the area.这片区域没有生命活动的迹象。
The sign on the wall said “Please wash your hands”.墙上的牌子上写着“请洗手”。
&8& a traffic/road sign交通标志/路标
a good/positive sign好征兆
② vi.& vt.签名；签署 vi.打手势；示意
Democratic leaders have decided to sign the bill.民主党领导人已决定签署这项法案。
The hotel manager signed to the porter to pick up my case.旅馆经理示意行李员替我拿箱子。
&9& sign up （for） 选（课）；报名（参加课程）；注册
Can I sign up for this course in advance 我能提前报名参加这一课程吗？
&10& mark, sign, signal与symbol的含义及用法区别
易 混 词 含义及用法
mark “标志；记号;标记;（毁损的）痕迹”,侧重于“标志性的记号/印记”。
One mark of a writer's greatness is that different minds can draw different inspiration from
his works. 一个伟大作家的标志之一就是不同的人能从他的作品中得到不同的灵感。
sign “记号;标记；征兆”，可指符号，也可指情绪、性格的直观表现，还指具体的用于识别或指示
的标志，如指示牌、标牌等；借喻时意为“征兆；迹象”。
Don't you see the sign saying “Keep off the grass” 你没瞧见牌子上写着“请勿践踏草坪”吗？
signal “信号；标志；预示”，常指用于传达某些信息的信号，也指灯光、声音或信号标志。
A red light is a signal of danger.红灯是危险的信号。
symbol “象征;符号”，指被人们选出的物体或图案，用于代表另一事物，并作为该事物的标志或象
征。
In the picture the tree is the symbol of life.在这幅画中，树是生命的象征。
定向练5
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Deaf people talk with ______ （sign）.
signs
2.You'd better sign up ____ courses that will bring you more skills.
for
3.They will stay in Qatar in the next 15 years according to the agreement _______ （sign） by the two
sides.
signed
[解析] 句意为：根据双方签署的协议，在未来15年内他们将留在卡塔尔。分析句子结构可知，设空处作后置定语，sign与其逻辑主语agreement之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，故填signed。
二、用mark，sign，signal或symbol填空。
1.Dark clouds are a _____ of rain.
sign
2.The sportsmen are all ready, waiting for the _______ of the starting gun.
signal
3.Politeness is a ______ of civilisation.
mark
4.Red is a ________ of good luck in many cultures.
symbol
三、翻译句子，体会sign的一词多义。
1.There is no sign of a fall in house prices.
______________________
房价没有下降的迹象。
2.I didn't see the sign saying “No Parking”.
_____________________________________
我没看见写有“禁止停车”字样的标志牌。
3.There are four letters here for you to sign.
__________________________
这里有四封信需要您签字。
4.The teacher signed to me to enter.
__________________
老师示意我进去。
Is it a matter of urgency 这是急事吗？教材P52
6 a matter of 关乎……的事情；是……的问题
Please phone me back—it's a matter of. . great importance.请给我回个电话——有很重要的事。
&11& matter的其他常用表达
a matter of （doing） sth 是（做）某事的问题
as a matter of fact事实上；实际上
to make matters worse 使情况更糟的是
it's just/only a matter of time （before…） （……）是早晚的事；只是时间问题
What matters is that… 要紧的是……；重要的是……
She resigned over a matter of principle.她因为原则问题而辞职。
To make matters worse, we often don't realise that we have bad habits.更糟糕的是， 我们通常意识不到我们有坏习惯。
It's only a matter of time before they bring out their own version of the software.他们早晚会推出自己的软件。
What matters is that we all have our unique dreams, goals and desires.重要的是我们每个人都有独一无二的梦想、目标和愿望。
定向练6
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Su Bo says that he has given up eating packaged meals except when he's travelling for work.As a
computer programmer, he thinks that it's a matter of ______ （be） healthy and energetic.
being
[解析] 句意为：苏博（音译）说他已经放弃了吃打包食物，除了因工作出差的时候。作为一名计算机程序员，他认为这是一件关乎变得健康和有活力的事情。a matter of doing sth意为“是做某事的问题”。
2.______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
What
[解析] 句意为：学英语最重要的是要有足够的练习。____ matters most in learning English是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，意为“……的事”，应用What。
3.When you can see it in your mind, it's only ___ matter of time before it shows up in reality.
a
[解析] 句意为：当你能在脑海中看到它时，它出现在现实中只是时间问题。it's only a matter of time before… 为固定句式，意为“……只是时间问题”。
二、根据汉语提示补全句子。
1.____ ______ ________ _______ （更糟糕的是），my back started aching this Monday.
To
make
matters
worse
2.____ ___ _______ ___ _____（事实上）, it seems that the gap between cities and villages is not as
wide as it was thought to be.
As
a
matter
of
fact
【句意】嗯，如果这辆车没有出过事故，那它能卖一个好价钱，但是它有一些小问题。 教材P52
&12& if虚拟条件句
①非真实条件句中虚拟语气的时态
时 间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式
将来 动词过去式（be用were） should+动词原形 were to+动词原形 would/should/might/could+动词原形
现在 动词过去式（be用were） would/should/might/could+动词原形
过去 had+动词过去分词 would/should/might/could have+动词过去分词
If he came/should come/were to come tomorrow, I could do it with him.如果他明天来的话，我可以和他一起做这件事。
If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.如果我是一只鸟，我会在天空飞翔。
If you had followed the traffic rules, you wouldn't have had an accident.如果你遵守交通规则，就不会发生事故了。
②错综时间条件句
通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指的时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据主从句动作发生的时间选择相应的谓语动词形式。
If I had asked her for advice yesterday, I should know what to do now.如果我昨天向她寻求建议，现在我就知道该怎么做了。（从句表示对过去的虚拟，主句表示对现在的虚拟）
If I were you, I wouldn't have missed the film last night.如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚的那部电影。（从句表示对现在的虚拟，主句表示对过去的虚拟）
If they had left home early, they would arrive in half an hour.要是他们早早就离开家的话，再过半个小时就该到了。（从句表示对过去的虚拟，主句表示对将来的虚拟）
③非真实条件句中的省略：当if引导的条件状语从句中的谓语部分含有should, were, had时,可以将should, were或助动词had提到句首，省略if，形成倒装结构。
Should I have time （=If I should have time）, I would go to the party.如果我有时间，我将去参加那个聚会。
Had I taken my umbrella with me （If I had taken my umbrella with me） when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now.如果我今天早上出门时带了伞，现在就不会淋湿了。
定向练
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.If I ______ （be） you, I wouldn't wait.
were
[解析] 句意为：如果我是你，我不会等。
2.Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week If you _________ （tell） me, I could have
helped.
had told
[解析] 句意为：上周你为什么不告诉我你的困难？如果你告诉我，我本可以帮你。根据句意及主句谓语could have helped可知，此处表示对过去事实的虚拟，If从句的谓语应用过去完成时。故填had told。
3.If you had worked harder, you ______________________________ （succeed） now.
could/might/would/should succeed
[解析] 句意为：如果你工作更努力些，你现在可能会成功。根据主句时间状语now可知，主句表示对现在的虚拟。
4.If you ____________ （work） harder， you _____________________________________ （succeed）
several years ago.
had worked
could/might/would/should have succeeded
5.If you ______________ （watch） that late movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy now.
hadn't watched
二、用倒装结构改写句子。
1.If it were not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
______ ___ ____ ____ the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
Were
it
not
for
2.If I should see her next Monday, I would tell her about it.
_______ __ ____ her next Monday, I would tell her about it.
Should
I
see
动词-ing形式（动名词、现在分词）
1 动词-ing形式的形式变化
主动式 被动式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
动词-ing形式的否定式:在动词-ing形式前面加not。
2 动名词的复合结构
动名词短语可以带有自己的逻辑主语，该结构为动名词的复合结构，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。
动名词复合结构的构成：形容词性物主代词/代词宾格/名词所有格/名词普通格+doing/being done。
其否定形式直接在doing/being done前加not。
Her not being brought up on a farm caused her to become curious about nature.她不是在农场长大的，这使她对大自然充满了好奇。
They don't like me/my coming here.他们不喜欢我到这儿来。
Drivers' being absorbed in music is one of the main causes of many traffic accidents.司机沉迷于听音乐是许多交通事故发生的主要原因之一。
3 动词-ing形式的语法功能
（1）动名词（短语）作主语
动名词（短语）具有名词的基本性质，因此动名词（短语）可以在句子中充当主语。单个动名词（短语）作主语时，句子的谓语动词通常用单数。
①动名词（短语）在句首直接作主语
Reading aloud is very important to us in learning a foreign language.大声朗读对我们学习一门外语来说很重要。
Being expected to win the World Cup by all people of the country is heavy pressure on the team.全国人民都希望这支队伍能赢得世界杯，这对这支队伍来说是沉重的压力。
②it在句首作形式主语，而动名词（短语）在后面作真正的主语，常用于以下句式：
It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。
It's worthwhile doing sth.做某事是值得的。
It's useless/no use/no good doing sth.做某事是没用的。
It's no use persuading him to go with us.说服他和我们一起去是没有用的。
③There be+no+动名词（短语）
There was no knowing. .when he could come back.不知道他什么时候能回来。
特别注意一般来说，不定式（短语）和动名词（短语）作主语时可以互换，但动名词（短语）多表示经常性的、一般性的行为，而不定式（短语）多表示一次性的、具体的行为。
Helping her is my duty.帮助她是我的职责。
To hesitate means failure.犹豫不决就意味着失败。
（2）动名词（短语）作宾语
动名词（短语）可在句中作动词或介词的宾语。
Aside from being a good form of exercise, swimming is a very useful skill.除了是一种好的锻炼方式外，游泳还是一种很有用的技能。
①常接动名词（短语）作宾语的动词有：mind, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, endure, enjoy, hate, prevent, finish, imagine, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest, keep, postpone, advise, escape, fancy等。
? Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please 你介意把收音机的声音调小一点吗
②常接动名词（短语）作宾语的词组有：succeed in, have difficulty/trouble （in）, be busy （in）, be occupied with, have fun, have a hard time, spend some time （in）, prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from, look forward to, be accustomed to, pay attention to, devote… to, be/get used to （习惯于）, get down to, contribute to, be opposed to, set about, give up, can't stand/help/bear, be crazy about, be/get tired of, insist on, feel like, put off, end up等。
I'm looking forward to paying. .a visit to the museum.我期待参观这座博物馆。
He insisted on changing this situation.他坚持要改变这种情况。
特别注意有些动词后面既可以接动词不定式（短语）作宾语，也可以接动名词（短语）作宾语，但是二者意义有区别。
remember/forget/regret doing sth 记得/忘记/后悔做
过某事（表示完成）
remember/forget/regret to do sth 记得/忘记/遗憾要
做某事（表示将来）
try to do sth 努力做某事
try doing sth 尝试做某事
mean to do sth 打算做某事
mean doing sth 意味着做某事
Remember to post theletters.记得去寄这些信。
I remember posting. .the letters.我记得我把信寄走了。
He tried to control his voice.他尽力控制自己的声音。
They decided they would try living in America for a while.他们决定在美国住一段时间试试。
（3）动词的-ing形式作表语
①动名词（短语）作表语，泛指某种动作或行为，说明主语的身份、性质或情况等。
My hobby is painting.我的业余爱好是画画。
②现在分词（短语）作表语主要是表明主语的性质、特征。常见的这类词有： interesting （有趣的）,exciting （令人激动的）,disappointing （令人失望的）,encouraging （令人鼓舞的）,pleasing （令人愉快的）,satisfying （令人满意的）,surprising （令人惊奇的）,worrying （令人担心的）等等。这些现在分词大多已经形容词化，可以用very修饰。
It's amazing how quickly you adapt.你适应环境的速度之快真是令人惊奇。
特别注意注意区分此类形容词化的现在分词作表语与过去分词作表语的差别，过去分词作表语常用于形容人的感受，或者形容人的表情、声音等。
a frightened look 害怕的表情（形容人的感受很害怕）
a frightening look 吓人的表情（形容表情令人害怕）
（4）动词的-ing形式作定语
①动名词作定语，表示所修饰词的功能或作用。
There is a large reading room （=a room for reading） in our school.我们学校有一个大阅览室。
②现在分词（短语）作定语，表示所修饰的性质、状态等。单个的现在分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的前面；现在分词短语作定语时，常放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
a waiting car一辆等待着的车
a sleeping. .child一个睡着的孩子
the exciting. .news令人振奋的消息
a boring. .speech乏味的演讲
They lived in a house facing south （=which faces south）.他们住在一座朝南的房子里。
（5）现在分词（短语）作状语
现在分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子主语。现在分词（短语）作状语，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。
①现在分词（短语）作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when或while引出。
Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.听到这个消息，他们立即出发去上海了。
②现在分词（短语）作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Not knowing his address， I can't send this book to him.因为不知道他的地址，我没法把这本书寄给他。
③现在分词（短语）作结果状语，常置于句末，其逻辑主语可以是前边的整个句子，表示自然而然的结果。
Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature, thus creating a stable environment.水可以吸收和释放大量的热量而其温度不会有很大变化，因此能创造一个稳定的环境。
④现在分词（短语）作伴随状语，多置于句首或句末，表示主语的另一个较次要的动作，与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。
⑤现在分词（短语）也可作条件状语和让步状语，均相当于相应的状语从句。
Knowing all this， they would make me pay for the damage.如果他们知道了这一切，他们会让我赔偿损失的。（条件）
Having been trying hard to catch the train, he still missed it.尽管他一直在努力赶火车，但还是错过了。（让步）
（6）现在分词（短语）作补语
①现在分词（短语）可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, look at, listen to, observe, have, get, leave, keep, catch, find等动词（词组）后面和一个名词或代词构成复合宾语，其结构为“动词（短语）+sb/sth+doing sth”，其中现在分词（短语）作宾语补足语，表示正在进行或延续的动作。
Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food in the shop.昨晚，店主抓到一个小孩正在商店里偷食物。
②现在分词（短语）作补语还可用于with复合结构中，其结构为“with/without+名词普通格/代词宾格+现在分词（短语）”，该结构在句中作状语，表示时间、原因或伴随等。
His hair became grey with the years passing.随着岁月的流逝，他的头发变得花白了。
Without anyone noticing， he slipped out through the window.趁没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。
定向练
一、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.学会批判性思考是现在的孩子们未来所必需的重要技能。
___________________________ an important skill today's children will need for the future.
Learning to think critically is
2.尽管这套书很昂贵，但是值得买。
Though the series of books is a bit too expensive, ______________________ it.
it is worthwhile buying
3.看到了世界上其他地方找不到的动植物真是令人惊讶。
_____________________________________ the animals and plants that are found nowhere else in the
world.
It is astonishing/amazing/surprising to see
4.人们谈论得很多的那本书将于下个月出版。
The book ____________________ will be published next month.
being discussed a lot
5.听到老师的声音，学生们立刻不说话了。
, the students stopped talking at once.
Hearing the teacher's voice
6.我下车的时候注意到一个男人从银行里跑了出来。
I ___________________________ the bank when I got out of the car.
noticed a man running out of
二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
第一组：1 _________ （know） basic first-aid technique will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
Knowing
[解析] 句意为：了解基本的急救技能会有助于你快速应对紧急情况。分析句子结构可知，谓语will help前面的部分是主语，应用动名词形式作主语。
2.I used to hate ____________ （call） upon in class mainly because I didn't like attention drawn to
myself.
being called
[解析] 句意为：我过去很讨厌在课堂上被点名，主要是因为我不喜欢别人注意到我。hate doing sth意为“讨厌做某事”，此处表示“被点名”，应用被动。
3.It is agreed that ________ （read） widely is one of the most effective ways to enlarge our vocabulary.
reading
[解析] 句意为：大家一致认为,广泛阅读是扩大词汇量的最有效的途径之一。本句中It作形式主语，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语。分析从句的句子结构可知，从句中缺少主语，且用来表示一般性的行为，故应用动名词形式。
4._______________ （equip） with global vision and the spirit of innovation is crucial to China's young
generation.
Being equipped
[解析] 句意为：具备全球化视野和创新精神对于中国的年轻一代来说很重要。句中缺少主语，故用动名词短语作主语。词组原为“be equipped with”，此处该词组作主语，be不能省略，需用being。
第二组：1 You should not miss ________ （make） up for your missed lessons.
making
[解析] 句意为：你不应该错过补习你落下的功课。短语miss doing sth意为“错过做某事”，故填making。
2.You can never imagine what great trouble I had ________ （help） the poor boy and the little dog
that was seriously hurt.
helping
[解析] 句意为：你无法想象我在帮助那个可怜的男孩和受重伤的小狗时遇到了多么大的麻烦。have trouble （in） doing sth为固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，故填helping。
3.I really appreciate ____________ （give） the chance to present my opinions on AI at the meeting.
being given
[解析] 句意为：我非常感谢能有机会在会议上提出我对人工智能的看法。appreciate doing sth为固定搭配，意为“感激……”。此处I与give之间为逻辑上的被动关系。
4.Exercise is the key to __________ （improve） your health.
improving
[解析] 句意为：锻炼是改善你健康状况的关键。此处考查短语the key to doing sth，意为“做……的关键”，to在此处是介词，其后应接动名词（短语）作宾语。
5.I didn't mean _______ （eat） anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help _______
（try） it.
to eat
trying
[解析] 句意为：我没打算吃任何东西，但冰激凌看起来那么好吃以至于我没忍住尝了尝。此处考查固定短语mean to do（打算做）和can't help doing（忍不住做）。本题需要注意区分mean to do（打算做）/mean doing（意味着做）和can't help to do（不能帮助做）/can't help doing（忍不住做）。
6.I do remember _________ （receive） the message, but I cannot find it now.Please send it again if
you don't mind.
receiving
[解析] 句意为：我确实记得收到过这条信息，但现在找不到了。如果你不介意的话，请再发一次。remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事”；remember to do sth表示“记得要做某事”。结合句意可知，此处应用动名词形式。
第三组：1 I have to say that it's __________ （surprise） to find you agreeing with me for once.
surprising
[解析] 句意为：你难得有一次和我意见一致，我得说这很让我意外。此处表示某事是“令人意外的”，应用-ing形式的形容词作表语。
2.Her job is _______________ （keep） the lecture hall as clean as possible.
keeping/to keep
[解析] 句意为：她的工作是尽量使演讲厅保持干净。设空处在句中作表语，可用动名词形式或动词不定式，解释说明主语的性质特征。
3.He told me the news in a very ________ （excite） voice.
excited
[解析] 句意为：他用激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。设空处表示说话人的声音是“激动的”，应用-ed结尾的形容词作定语修饰voice。
第四组：1 The football team, __________ （consist） of 22 players and 3 coaches, was set up by his
father 3 years ago.
consisting
[解析] 句意为：这支足球队是他父亲3年前成立的，由22名队员和3名教练组成。consist of表示“由……组成”。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语为was set up，设空处应用非谓语动词，consist of用于主动语态，故此处用现在分词作后置定语。
2.I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _________ （study） Chinese in the school, most
of whom were from Germany.
studying
[解析] 句意为：我听说学校有大约50名外国学生在学中文，其中大部分来自德国。分析句子结构可知，宾语从句是there be句式，从句中已有谓语动词were，故设空处应用非谓语形式。study和50 foreign students之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故填studying。
3.May I have a look at your valuable stamp _______ （date） back to the 1950s
dating
[解析] 句意为：我可以看看你那张20世纪50年代的珍贵邮票吗 固定词组date back to意为“追溯到”，此处stamp和date back to之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。
4.The little boy still needed the last 20 dollars to do with the things __________ （remain） to be
settled.
remaining
[解析] 句意为：这个小男孩还需要最后的20美元去处理仍待解决的问题。remain意为“仍需去做（说、处理）”，为不及物动词，remain to be done为固定搭配，无被动语态，故填现在分词remaining，作后置定语。
第五组：1 __________ （throw） their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud
shouts of victory.
Throwing
[解析] 句意为：获胜球队的粉丝把帽子扔到空中，发出胜利的欢呼。分析句子结构可知，逗号前的部分充当状语，故用非谓语动词，the fans和throw是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词短语作伴随状语。
2.Tom got to the hospital in time that day, _________ （catch） the first bus.
catching
[解析] 句意为：由于赶上了第一班公共汽车，汤姆那天及时赶到了医院。Tom与catch之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作原因状语。
3.The rainy weather lasted for a couple of days, completely ________ （ruin） our plan for a picnic.
ruining
[解析] 句意为：已经连续下了好几天雨，我们的野餐计划完全泡汤了。此处表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词短语作结果状语。
4.Nervously _______ （face） the challenges, I will whisper to myself the words “Be yourself”.
facing
[解析] 句意为：当我面对挑战很紧张时，我会对自己低声说一句，“做你自己”。
第六组：1 Mrs White found her husband surrounded by letters and papers and ________ （look） very
worried.
looking
[解析] 句意为：怀特太太发现她的丈夫周围都是信件和文件，而且他看上去愁眉苦脸的。look在此为连系动词，her husband与look是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词looking。
2.They use computers to keep the traffic ________ （run） smoothly.
running
[解析] 句意为：他们使用电脑疏导交通。分析句子结构可知，设空处作宾语补足语。根据句意可知，此处表示“让……一直做……”，且traffic与run为逻辑上的主动关系，故填running。
3.I looked up and noticed a snake ________ （wind） its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
winding
[解析] 句意为：我抬头向上看，注意到一条蛇正在盘旋着往树上爬去捕获它的早餐。分析句子结构可知， its way up the tree作宾语补足语，动词wind与宾语，即其逻辑主语a snake之间为逻辑上的主动关系，且此动作正在进行，故填现在分词形式。
4.Today, the popularity of basketball has risen around the world with many young people _________
（dream） of becoming famous players.
dreaming
[解析] 句意为：如今，篮球在世界各地越来越受欢迎，许多年轻人梦想成为著名的（篮球）运动员。分析句子结构可知，这里为with复合结构。介词with后的宾语many young people与dream之间为逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词dreaming作宾语补足语。
Or perhaps you'll prefer the Hall of You, featuring a selection of moments from your own inspiring life.或许你会更喜欢你的殿堂，它是由你鼓舞人心的一生中的片段精选而成的。
——《心灵奇旅》(共34张PPT)
Unit 5
First Aid
The most important thing to keep in mind when dealing with an emergency is to keep calm.
Period Ⅰ
Reading and Thinking
敲黑板
1.课时导入：Reading and Thinking部分主要介绍了皮肤烧伤、烫伤或灼伤的起因、类型、特点以及急救措施。通过学习本课时，了解有关烧伤、烫伤或灼伤的急救知识；了解日常生活中的安全常识；了解说明文的文体结构和语言特点。
2.语言知识：urgent, ease, depend on/upon, as引导非限制性定语从句，过去分词（短语）作后置定语，if相关的省略结构等。
First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering a sudden illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or promote recovery.
The internationally accepted symbol for first aid is a white cross on a green background shown below. Some organisations may make use of the Star of Life, although this is usually reserved for use by ambulance services; or they may use symbols such as the Maltese Cross, like the St John Ambulance. Other symbols may also be used.
必刷词汇
1.leaflet n.__________________________
散页印刷品；传单；小册子
2.toxin n.________________________________
毒素（尤指细菌产生的致病物质）
3.fabric n.____________________________________拓展 cotton fabric ________
织物；布料；（社会、机构等的）结构
棉织物
4.layer n.________________
层；表层；层次
5.blister n.________________________________________________________________
（皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的）水疱；（金属等表面的）气泡、水泡
6.acid n.____ adj.______________
酸
酸的；酸性的
7.__________ n.毫米；千分之一米
millimetre
8._______ n.受害者；患者
victim
9.___________ prep.& adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面
underneath
10.ray n.______________________________ 联想 X-ray n.___________
光线；光束；（热、电等）射线
X射线;X光
11.__________ n.技能；技术；技艺 联想 _________ adj.工艺的；技术的 同 _____ n.技能；技巧；技术
technique
technical
skill
12.______ n.（人或动植物的）器官 派 ________ adj.器官的；有机的 拓展 ①____ ______ _______ 感
觉器官②____ ______ ______ 器官捐赠者
organ
organic
the
sense
organs
an
organ
donor
13._________ n.辐射；放射线 联想 _______ vi.& vt.（使品质或情感） 显出，流露; （使热、光、能量）
辐射，放射
radiation
radiate
14._______ adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的 派 _________ n.少数;少数民族 反 major
adj.______________________
minor
minority
大的；主要的；严重的
15.________ adj.电的；用电的；电动的 联想 ①__________ n.电 ②_________ adj.与电有关的 ③
__________ adj.电子的 拓展 ________ ______ 触电；电击
electric
electricity
electrical
electronic
electric
shock
16.________ adj.（身体部位）肿起的；肿胀的 联想①______ vi.（过去式________, 过去分词________）
膨胀；肿胀②n.swelling ______________
swollen
swell
swelled
swollen
肿胀；肿胀处
17.______ n.神经 派 ________ adj.焦虑的;神经质的；神经系统的
nerve
nervous
18.______ adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的派 ①________ adv.宽松地;松散地;不精确地 ②_______ vt.& vi.
（使）放松,变松 vt.松开
loose
loosely
loosen
19._______ adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的 派 ①________ adv.紧急地 ②________ n.紧迫,急迫
urgent
urgently
urgency
20._____ vi.& vt.（使）宽慰；减轻；缓解 vt.使容易些；使顺利些 n.容易；舒适；自在 派_______ n.忧
虑,不安；不自在 搭配 ①_____ _____ 轻易地 ②___ _____ 舒适；自在
ease
unease
with
ease
at
ease
核心词汇
Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage.根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三种类型。
教材P50
1 depend on/upon 取决于；依靠；信赖；相信（=rely on/upon）
Your success depends on your efforts.你的成功取决于你的努力。
If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend on ourselves.如果父母替我们这些孩子做所有的事情，我们就学不会独立。
You can depend on it that he'll turn up on time.你可以相信他会准时来的。（it是形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语）
&1& ①depend on/upon sb/sth to do sth依靠/相信某人/某物做某事
He knew he could depend upon her to deal with the situation.他知道自己可以依靠她来应付这种局面。
②That depends./It （all） depends.那得看情况。
&2& ①dependence n.［U］依赖，依靠
②dependent adj.依靠的；依赖的
③dependently adv.依赖地
④independence n.独立
⑤independent adj.独立的
定向练1
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Starting your own business could be a way to achieve financial _____________ （independent）.
independence
[解析] 句意为：自己创业是实现经济独立的一种方式。
2.Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly __________ （dependence） on government
funding.
dependent
[解析] 句意为：与此同时，许多欧洲的大学仍然主要依赖政府资助。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.我正指望你告诉我他想要什么。
I _______________________________ me what he wants.
am depending on/upon you to tell
2.你可以相信，我们会做好一切必要准备的。
You may _________________ we'll make all necessary preparations for it.
depend on it that
3.我不一定去，这要看我累不累。
I might not go.__________________
how tired I am.
It depends on/upon
If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立即将其送往医院。
教材P51
2 urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的
The most urgent thing in a fire is to make sure everyone is out of the building.失火时最紧要的事是确保所有人都撤离建筑物。
&3& urgent action 紧急行动
in urgent need of… 急需……
It is urgent that sb （should） do… （从句谓语用虚拟语气）某人做……是非常紧急的
The earthquake victims are in urgent need of medical supplies.地震灾民迫切需要医疗物资。
It is urgent that immediate measures （should） be taken to reduce pollution.当务之急是，立即采取措施减少污染。
&4& ①urgently adv.迫切地；紧急地
②urgency n.紧急，急迫
a matter of urgency 当务之急
③urge vt.敦促；极力主张；强烈要求；驱赶；鞭策 n.强烈的欲望；冲动；迫切的要求
urge sb to do sth 敦促/力劝某人做某事
urge+that从句（从句谓语用should do形式,should可以省略） 极力主张……；强烈要求……
an urge to do sth 做某事的冲动
I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.我收到莫伊拉的一封短信，一定要我保持联系。［《朗文当代》］
The report urged that all children （should） be taught to swim.这份报告呼吁教所有儿童游泳。
The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest gossip, think about what effects your “juicy story” might have.下一次你有传播最新的流言蜚语的冲动时，想想你那“有趣的故事”可能会产生什么影响。
定向练2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He had an urge ________ （open） a shop of his own.
to open
[解析] 句意为：他很想开一家属于自己的商店。
2.The committee urged that a meeting ________ （hold） by the weekend to discuss the problem.
be held
[解析] 句意为：委员会极力主张在周末前举行一次会议来讨论这个问题。
3.They urged Congress ___________ （approve） plans for their reform programme.
to approve
[解析] 句意为：他们敦促国会批准他们有关改革项目的计划。
4.With the speedy development of e-commerce techniques, people ________ （urgent） require the e-
commerce to become more convenient and more intelligent.
urgently
[解析] 句意为：随着电子商务技术的飞速发展，人们迫切要求电子商务更加便捷、更加智能化。
5.This is a problem that requires _______ （urge） attention. We must find a way out as soon as
possible.
urgent
[解析] 句意为：这是一个需要迫切关注的问题。我们必须尽快找到出路。
6.Investigators urged _____ safety procedures on the construction site should be improved.
that
[解析] 句意为：调查人员强烈要求该建筑工地改进安全规程。
7.After the flood, many people are ___ urgent need of food and water.
in
[解析] 句意为：洪灾过后，很多人急需食物和水。
8.She was surprised at the ________ （urgent） in his voice.
urgency
[解析] 句意为：她对他声音中的急切感到吃惊。
9.It is urgent that the patient _________ （take） to hospital.
be taken
[解析] 句意为：那位病人应该马上被送到医院。
（F） Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort.（错误）在烧伤处涂黄油或（食用）油会有帮助，因为这有助于消肿和缓解不适。
教材P51
3 ease vi.&vt.缓解；减轻；（使）宽慰 vt.使容易些；使顺利些 n.容易；舒适；自在
释义·理解
ease n.
①lack of difficuly
②the state of feeling relaxed or comfortable
This medicine will help ease the pain.这种药物能帮助缓解疼痛。
In his retirement, he leads a life of ease.他退休后过着悠闲舒适的生活。
&5& ease the pain/stress/pressure/burden减轻疼痛/压力/负担
at ease 舒适；放松；自由自在
put/set sb at ease使某人放松下来/感到自在
with ease轻易地；毫不费力地
The room is small but it makes you feel at ease.这个房间很小，但是它让你感到舒适自在。
His warm, inviting smile put me at ease, and we spent the next two hours talking casually.他热情迷人的笑容令我放松下来， 在接下来的两个小时里，我们随意地聊着天。
He passed the exam with ease.他轻而易举地通过了考试。
&6& ①unease n.不安，忧虑；不自在
②easy adj.容易的;轻易的;不费力的;舒适的;安逸的
③uneasy adj.不安的；不自在的
④easily adv.容易地;轻易地;不费力地;很可能
定向练3
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I never feel ___ ease in this company.
at
2.She won the 400-metre race _____ ease.
with
3.The plan will_____ （easy） traffic congestion in the town.
ease
4.She had the ability to put people ___ ease.
at
5.It could ______ （easy） be another year before the economy starts to show some improvement.
easily
6.She felt _______ （easy） in unfamiliar surroundings.
uneasy
1
【句意】可想而知，烧伤会导致非常严重的皮肤损伤。
教材P50
&7& as引导非限制性定语从句
as引导非限制性定语从句时，通常代替整个主句，对其进行说明，通常译为“正如……，就像……”，在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。as从句常置于句首，也可置于句中或句末。通常用逗号与主句隔开。
As is known to Americans, Mark Twain is a great American writer.美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。（As在从句中作主语）
He is absorbed in work, as he often is.他正在全神贯注地工作，像往常一样。（as在从句中作表语）
As we all know, the earth is round.众所周知，地球是圆的。（As在从句中作宾语）
as引导非限制性定语从句的常用表达：
as is known （to all）/as we （all） know 众所周知
as is said/reported/expected正如所说的/正如所报道的/正如所期待的
as is mentioned above正如上面提到的
as I can see/remember正如我所看到的/正如我所记得的
as is often the case 像往常情况一样
as often happens正如经常发生的那样
定向练1
翻译句子，并在括号中写出as在从句中所作的成分。
1.He forgot to bring his pen with him, as was often the case.
__________________________( )
他忘了带钢笔，这是常事。
主语
2.The Beatles, as many of you remember, came from Liverpool.
__________________________________________________( )
正如你们许多人记得的那样，披头士乐队来自利物浦。
宾语
3.This experiment is very simple, as indeed it is.
______________________________________( )
这个实验非常简单，事实上也确实如此。
表语
2
【句意】例如轻微的晒伤和其他居家小意外造成的灼伤。
教材P38
&8& 过去分词（短语）作后置定语
过去分词（短语）作后置定语，与其所修饰的名词/代词之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，放在所修饰的名词/代词之后，相当于一个定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the conference are my old friends.=Most of the people who/that are invited to the conference are my old friends.大多数被邀请参加会议的人都是我的老朋友。
特别注意过去分词（短语）作定语时，除了要注意其与被修饰词之间为逻辑上的被动关系外，还应注意动作发生的时间：若动作已经发生，则用过去分词表被动及完成；若动作正在进行，则用being done;若动作即将发生，则用to be done。
The conference held （=that/which was held） yesterday is of great importance.昨天举行的会议很重要。
The conference being held （=that/which is being held） now is of great importance.现在正在举行的会议很重要。
The conference . .to be held （=that/which will be held） tomorrow is of great importance.明天将要举行的会议很重要。
定向练2
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The witnesses __________ （question）by the police just now gave different descriptions of the fight.
questioned
[解析] 句意为：刚刚被警方询问的目击者们对于这起斗殴事件给出了不同的描述。
2.The meeting, _________ （attend） by over 5?000 people, was a great success.
attended
[解析] 句意为：那场有5,000多人参加的会议取得了巨大成功。
3.The concert ______ （give）by his friends was a success.
given
[解析] 句意为：他的朋友们举办的音乐会很成功。
4.The large building ___________ （build） there at present will be a shopping centre.
being built
[解析] 句意为：那边那个目前正在建造的大厦将是一座购物中心。
5.The building ___________ （build） next year is a hospital.
to be built
[解析] 句意为：明年要建的那座大楼是一家医院。
6.The stone bridge _____ （build） about 200 years ago will be pulled down.
built
[解析] 句意为：那座约200年前建造的石桥即将被拆毁。
3
【句意】必要时用剪刀剪掉织物，除非你看到织物粘在烧伤的皮肤上。
教材P51
&9& if相关的省略结构
if引导条件状语从句时，有时可省略从句中的主语和谓语动词。这类省略结构有的已经形成固定结构，常见的有：
①if+形容词：if necessary如果有必要的话；if possible如果有可能的话
I could come earlier, if necessary.如果有必要，我可以早点来。
If possible, let me know beforehand.如果可能的话，事先通知我。
②if+代词：if any如果有的话；if anyone如果有（符合要求的）人；if anything如果要说的话
Correct the errors, if any.如有错误请改正
I'd say he was more like his father, if anything.依我看，如果一定要说他像谁的话，他比较像他的父亲。
③if+so/not：if so如果是这样； if not如果不是这样；不然
Inflation may be rising; if so, prices will go up.通货膨胀率可能会一直上升；如果是这样，物价就会上涨。
I might see you tomorrow.If not, then it'll be Saturday.我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就是周六。
I'll go if you're going.If not, I'd rather stay at home.你去我就去。不然的话，我宁愿待在家里。
④if ever （即使有……也）极少；难得
He seldom, if ever, travels abroad.他极少去国外旅行。
They seldom, if ever, talked about the past.他们极少谈到过去。
定向练3
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.如果可能，我希望明年夏天去那里。
___________, I wish to go there next summer.
If possible
2.他们认为她可能会来电话。要是这样的话，就得有人留在这儿。
They think she may try to phone.______,someone must stay here.
If so
3.当今记得他的人，如果有的话，也不多了。
There are few people nowadays, _______, who remember him.
if any
4.如果有必要，吉姆可以把它缩短。
____________, Jim could shorten it.
If necessary
5.他极少单独去看电影。
He seldom, _______, goes to the movies by himself.
if ever
