(共25张PPT)
Unit 5
Revealing nature
Period Ⅰ
Starting out & Understanding ideas
敲黑板
1. 课时任务：通过了解科莫多巨蜥、鸭嘴兽、鹦鹉螺三种珍稀动物，提高保护环境的意识；理解介绍达尔文的发现之旅及其著作《物种起源》的文章内容，深入思考人与动植物的关系，树立可持续发展的理念。
2. 语篇导读：本文介绍了达尔文开启发现之旅的背景、在旅途中的发现以及其著作《物种起源》的影响和意义。
3. 语言知识：distant, suspect, be a disgrace, answer the call, a variety of, so… that引导结果状语从句等。
Have you ever heard of British scientist Charles Darwin Of course you have—his book, On the Origin of Species （《物种起源》）, introduced the world to the theory of evolution. And the place that inspired the groundbreaking book was the Galápagos Islands, which Darwin visited in 1835.
The Galápagos Islands are in the Pacific Ocean, about 1,000 thousand kilometres from the South American continent. They belong to the country of Ecuador （厄瓜多尔）.
The islands' location, climate and ocean currents （洋流） are what makes its landscape so unusual, and have led it to become, in the words of UNESCO, a unique “living museum and showcase of evolution”. Half of its birds, a third of its plants and a quarter of its fish are found only in the area.
Darwin used Galápagos finches to show his theory of evolution and natural selection because they evolved from one ancestor into 13 different types.
必刷词汇
1.geologist n. __________
地质学家
2.sample n. ______
样本
3.finch n. __________
雀科鸣禽
4.beak n. __________
鸟嘴，喙
5.ancestor n. ______________________
（动物的）原种，祖先
6._____ n. 种子，籽；起源；萌芽
seed
7.________ v. 猜想，怀疑，觉得 n. 嫌疑人；可疑对象
suspect
8._______ adj. 遥远的；疏远的；心不在焉的派 ________ n. 距离；远方 拓展 ___ ____ ________ 在远处
distant
distance
in
the
distance
9._______ v. 进化 派 _________ n. 进化（论）
evolve
evolution
10._________ v. 产生，创造
派 ① __________n. 一代（人）；产生
②_________ n. 发电机；生产者
generate
generation
generator
11.disgrace n. ____________ 搭配 be a disgrace ____________________
丢脸，耻辱
是耻辱，是丢脸的事
12.answer the call __________
响应号召
核心词汇
The captain of the ship, the Beagle, wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”. “贝格尔号”的船长想找一个人，希望他能“借此机会去游历鲜为人知的遥远国度并从中获益”。
教材P66
1 distant adj.遥远的；久远的；冷淡的；疏远的；心不在焉的；远亲的
The time we spent together is now a distant memory. 我们一起度过的时光现已成为久远的记忆。［《牛津高阶》］
Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone. 在电话里帕特听起来非常冷淡和疏远。
He's a distant relative of the mayor. 他是市长的一个远亲。
释义·理解
distant
①far away in space or time
②unfriendly
③not closely related to you
&1& be distant from... 与……距离遥远；与……不同
In what way is this work distant from your experience 这部作品中有哪些地方和你的经历相去甚远？
&2& distance n. 距离；远方；（距离的）遥远；疏远 v. 使疏远；对……冷淡；与……拉开距离
at a distance of 在……的距离外
in the distance 在远处
at/from a distance 从远处
keep sb / sth at a distance = keep one's distance from sb / sth 与某人 / 某物保持距离
We watched from a distance. 我们从远处观看。
I've tried being friendly but she keeps her distance. 我努力向她示好，但她却一直保持距离。
The author distanced himself from some of the comments in his book. 这位作者在他的书里对某些评论淡然处之。
特别注意 对distance（距离）进行提问时，多用疑问词what。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.There is a lake ___ the distance, which looks more beautiful ________ a distance.
in
at / from
2.The monument can be seen ___ a distance of 500 metres.
at
3.The foreign visitors came from a _______ （distance） country.
distant
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.太阳距离地球很远。
The sun ___ _______ ______ the Earth.
is
distant
from
2.在社交场合，我总是和喝酒的人保持距离。
I would always ______ ____ ________ from drinkers on social occasions.
keep
my
distance
3.现代马拉松赛跑的距离是多少？
_______ ____ ________ of the modern marathon
What's
the
distance
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835, Darwin saw a variety of new species, but it was the birds that interested him the most. 1835年，“贝格尔号”抵达了加拉帕戈斯群岛，在那里达尔文见识到了各种各样的新物种，但最让他感兴趣的是鸟类。
教材P67
2 a variety of 各种各样的
He has a variety of brightly-coloured ties that he wears to work. 他有各种各样上班时戴的颜色鲜艳的领带。
特别注意 ①当a variety of 后接名词时，名词前不加冠词。variety前可用wide, great, large等词修饰。
②a variety of 后可接不可数名词和可数名词复数，接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
A variety of books are being sold at this bookshop. 这家书店正在卖各种各样的书。
③“the variety of+复数名词”意为“……的种类”，作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
The variety of the species is necessary for the balance of ecological system. 物种多样性是生态系统平衡所必需的。
定向练2
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.We found the rich variety of animal species _____ （be） very impressive.
was
[解析] 句意为：我们发现动物种类的丰富多样令人赞叹。
2.A variety of books on how to increase students' learning efficiency ___________________ （publish）
by this press in recent years.
have been published
[解析] 主语为A variety of books，谓语动词常用复数形式，根据时间状语in recent years可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语A variety of books与动词publish之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
3.He made a commitment to protect the forest which is home to a variety of ________ （animal）.
animals
[解析] 句意为：他承诺保护森林，森林是各种动物的家园。a variety of后应接可数名词复数形式。
Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor, which had arrived on the islands a long time before. 达尔文猜想这些雀科鸣禽是由同一祖先进化而来的，这一祖先在很久以前就来到了这些岛屿。
教材P68
3 suspect
① v. 猜想，怀疑；觉得
Researchers suspected that using food to calm a child down would play a much larger role in emotional eating. 研究人员猜测，用食物让孩子平静下来（这种方法）会在情绪饮食中起到更大的作用。
I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me. 我开始觉察出，他们在试图摆脱掉我。
&3& suspect sb of （doing） sth 怀疑某人（做过）某事
suspect that... 怀疑……
suspect sb/sth to be/have... 怀疑某人/某物是/有……
I suspect that girl of taking my book away. 我怀疑那个女孩把我的书拿走了。
② n. 嫌疑人；可疑对象
He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on.
他拿出一个特殊的装置对准嫌疑犯，然后打开该装置。［2020年7月天津］
③ adj. 可疑的；不可靠的
a suspect package 可疑包裹
&4& ①suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的；令人怀疑的
suspicious of... 怀疑……
They became suspicious of his behaviour and contacted the police. 他们开始觉得他行为可疑，便报了警。［《牛津高阶》］
②suspected adj. 有嫌疑的
③suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑
She's been arrested on suspicion of spying. 她因涉嫌从事间谍活动而被捕。
定向练3
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
Suspecting the traveller of ________ （carry） drugs, the customs officers stopped him and went through
his suitcase.
carrying
二、同义句转换。
I suspect that he is the pickpocket.
→I suspect _____ ___ ____ the pickpocket.
him
to
be
[解析] suspect sb to be... 意为“怀疑某人是……”。
三、翻译句子，体会suspect的一词多义。
1.Why do you suspect the truth of the information
__________________________________
你为什么怀疑这个消息的真实性呢？
2.Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect.
________________________________
他们出示的证据中有些相当可疑。
3.He is the prime suspect in the case.
____________________________
他是这个案子的首要嫌疑人。
【句意】但达尔文的科学研究是如此具有说服力，以至于越来越多的人都开始相信他的理论。
教材P68
&5& so... that引导结果状语从句
so... that意为“如此……以至于”,可用于引导结果状语从句。其中so是副词，后面要跟形容词或副词原级。
It is so quiet in the room that you can hear the drop of a pin. 房间里静得连掉根针都能听见。
They talked so loudly that I couldn't hear our teacher. 他们说话声音那么大, 以至于我听不到老师（的声音）了。
特别注意
such... that也可以引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”，其中such修饰名词。 so... that与such... that引导结果状语从句的用法区别如下：
It is so fine a day that I want to go out for a walk.
= It is such a fine day that I want to go out for a walk.
= It is such fine weather that I want to go out for a walk. 天气如此好, 以至于我想出去散散步。
Those are such beautiful flowers that the girl wants to pick them. 那些花儿如此漂亮，以至于那个女孩想要摘下它们。
There is so little time left that I don't think I can finish it as scheduled. 还剩这么少的时间, 我认为我不能如期完成它。（little意为“少的；不多的”）
They are such little boys that they can't climb to the top of the mountain as fast as adults. 这些男孩这么小，因此他们不能像大人一样快速地爬到山顶。（little意为“幼小的”）
定向练
一、用so或such填空。
1.They are _____ good students that the teacher likes them.
such
2.This story is ____ interesting that I want to read it again.
so
3.It is _____ an interesting story that I want to read it again.
such
4.They are _____ little birds that we can't see them in the sky.
such
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.他说的如此快以至于我不能跟上他。
He spoke ___________________________ follow him.
so quickly/fast that I couldn't
2.我们没多少钱了，所以不能借给你。
We have ___________________ we can't lend you any.
so little money that
三、同义句转换。
This problem is so difficult that nobody can work it out.
→It is such ___ ________ ________ that nobody can work it out.
→It is so ________ ___ ________ that nobody can work it out.
a
difficult
problem
difficult
a
problem(共23张PPT)
Unit 5
Revealing nature
Period Ⅱ
Using language
敲黑板
1. 语言知识：characteristic, blame, decline, be native to，过去完成时等。
2. 语言技能：能恰当使用过去完成时描述动植物；学会查阅背景知识，补充信息。
必刷词汇
1.worldwide adv. ____________
遍及全世界
2.giant adj. ________________
巨大的，特大的
3.tortoise n. ______拓展 giant tortoise__________
陆龟
巨型陆龟
4.mangrove n. ______
红树
5.iguana n. ______________________________
鬣蜥（一种大型热带美洲蜥蜴）
6.comb-like adj. ________
梳状的
7.spine n. ______________________
（动植物的）刺，刺毛
8._____ n. 山羊
goat
9._________ adj. 原始的，低等的
primitive
10.____________ n. 特征，特性；品质 adj. 特有的；典型的
搭配 ____ ____________ ___ ____ 是某人的特点
characteristic
be
characteristic
of
sb
11.________ v. & n. 减少搭配____ ____ ________ 在下降
decline
on
the
decline
12._______ v. 责怪，指责；把……归咎于搭配 ①_______ sb/sth ____sth 为某事责备某人/某物
②_______ sth ____ sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某物
blame
blame
for
blame
on
13.____ _______ ___ 源于……的，原产于……
be
native
to
核心词汇
Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control. 格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆秧苗是因为它们的特性易于控制。
教材P70
1 characteristic n.［C，一般用复数］特性，特征 adj.特有的；典型的
What other characteristics do birds have 鸟类还有什么其他特征
She was very interested in the characteristic New Year pictures on the walls of local houses. 她对当地房子墙上贴的特色年画非常感兴趣。
&1& characteristics/a characteristic of... ……的特征
be characteristic of sb / sth 是某人/某物的特性/特点
It is characteristic of sb to do sth 做某事是某人的特点 / 作风
It is characteristic of him to talk nonsense. 胡说八道是他的特征。
&2& character n. 特点（指物）；品性；性格（指人）；人物，角色；字，字体
The character. .of this country has been formed by immigration. 这个国家的国民性是由移民形成的。
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It is characteristic ___ him to keep a positive attitude in the face of difficulties.
of
[解析] 句意为：面对困难时保持积极的态度，这是他的作风。
2.It is characteristic of Jack ________ （turn） up at the last minute, which of course, makes the rest of
us rather annoyed.
to turn
[解析] 句意为：最后一刻突然出现，这正是杰克的作风，当然这也让我们其余的人非常恼火。此处考查句型 It is characteristic of sb to do sth，意为“做某事是某人的特点 / 作风”。
3.In our class, everyone recognises Disney's cartoon _________（character）.
characters
[解析] 句意为：在我们班，人人都认识迪士尼的卡通人物。
The extinction of the Pinta Island tortoise is blamed on humans. 平塔岛象龟的灭绝是人类造成的。
教材P71
2 blame
①vt. 责怪，指责；把……归咎于
A bad workman always blames his tools. 拙匠常怨工具差。［谚语］
&3& blame sb / sth for sth 为某事责备某人/某物；把某事归咎于某人/某物
blame sth on sb / sth把某事归咎于某人/某物
be to blame （for sth） （对某事）负有责任；该（为某事）受责备（常用主动形式表被动含义）
only have oneself to blame 只能怪某人自己
He blames his mother for his lack of confidence. 他将自己的缺乏自信归咎于他的母亲。
Whenever something goes wrong, everyone blames it on me. 每当出了事，大家都把责任归咎于我。
A heavy storm was to blame for the power outage. 停电的原因是一场特大的暴风雨。
② n. 责备；（对错误或坏事应负的）责任
&4& take the blame （for…）承担（……的）责任
put/lay the blame for sth on sb把某事归咎于某人
The judge put the blame for the accident on the driver of the car. 法官把事故责任归咎于汽车司机。
定向练2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.She blamed him ____ the failure of their marriage.
for
[解析] blame sb for sth 意为“把某事归咎于某人”。句意为：她把他们婚姻的失败归咎于他。
2.If you fail the exam, you will only have yourself _________ （blame）.
to blame
[解析] only have oneself to blame意为“只能怪某人自己”。句意为：如果你考试不及格，也只能怪你自己。
3.Which driver was _________ （blame） for the accident
to blame
[解析] be to blame for sth意为“对某事负有责任”。句意为：哪个司机应该对这场车祸负责？
4.They put the blame for the failure of the project ____ us.
on
[解析] put the blame for sth on sb意为“把某事归咎于某人”。句意为：他们把计划的失败归咎于我们。
5.________ （blame） for the broken vase, the boy hung his head.
Blamed
[解析] blame和句子主语the boy之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作原因状语。句意为：由于打碎花瓶而受到了责备，那个男孩低着头。
6.While we can't change the body shape we are born with, we can't blame our genes ____ fatness.
for
[解析] blame sth for sth 意为“把某事归咎于某物”。句意为：尽管我们无法改变与生俱来的体形，但也不能把肥胖归咎于自己的基因。
After goats in particular had been brought to the island, the Pinta Island tortoise population declined. 特别是在山羊被带到岛上后，平塔岛象龟的数量减少了。
教材P71
3 decline n.减少；下降；衰退 v.减少；拒绝；谢绝
What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America 北美水禽数量减少的原因是什么？
［2021全国新高考Ⅰ］
He offered the boys some coffee, but they declined politely. 他要给男孩们拿些咖啡，但他们礼貌地拒绝了。
&5& be on the decline=be in decline在下降；在衰退
a sharp/steep decline 锐减；急剧下降
decline to/by... 下降到了……
decline to do sth 拒绝做某事
It is comforting that the smoking of cigarettes is on the decline/in decline. 令人欣慰的是，吸烟量在下降。
Housing prices there are projected to decline by another 30 percent or so. 预计那里的房价还将下跌30%左右。
The spokesman declined to comment. 这位发言人拒绝评论。
定向练3
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Industry in Britain has been ___ decline since the 1970s.
in
2.He declines _________ （accept） the offers coming from his neighbours.
to accept
3.The global economic growth is on ____ decline this year.
the
二、翻译句子。
The first signs of economic decline became visible.
__________________________
经济衰退的迹象开始显露。
过去完成时
1 构成： had+过去分词
2 基本用法
（1）过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，常与时间状语“by+表示过去的时间”或before等引导的短语或从句连用。
Silk had become one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 大约在公元前100年，丝绸就已经成为沿“丝绸之路”交易的主要商品之一。
By last week, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 截至上周，我们已经收到200张宇宙飞船发来的图像。
The two didn't know each other well—Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before. 这两个人并不太了解对方——泰勒大概一个月前刚搬到镇上。
（2）用于宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句中，表示主句和从句发生的动作有先后关系。动作发生在前的，用过去完成时；动作发生在后的，用一般过去时。
My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. 我丈夫和我都认为这些是我们吃过的最好的水果。［2021全国新高考Ⅰ］
Mr White had worked in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month. 怀特先生在我们学校工作了将近40年，上个月他退休了。
（3）表示在过去某一时刻之前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻的动作或状态，常和for， since, when等构成的时间状语连用。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当公共汽车终于来了的时候，我已经在车站等了20分钟了。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. 他说自1949年以来他就一直在那家工厂工作。
（4）有些动词用过去完成时可以表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图，如hope， plan， think， intend， mean（打算）等。
I had planned for 30 guests, but only 10 arrived. 我做好了招待30位客人的准备，可是只来了10位。
I had hoped that we would do better this time, but we failed again. 我本希望这次我们能做得好一点，但我们又失败了。
3 用于过去完成时的常用句式
（1）在hardly/scarcely... when... 和no sooner... than... 等表示“一……就……”的句式中，主句常用过去完成时。
The game had no sooner started than. .it began to rain heavily. 比赛一开始，天就下起了大雨。
He had hardly begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
（2）It / This / That was the first / second / ... time that... 表示“这/那是第一/二/……次……”，that从句用过去完成时。
This was the first time that the drug had been tested on humans. 这是该药物首次在人体上进行试验。
（3）“It was the +形容词最高级+名词+that...”表示“这是……的最……的……”，that从句用过去完成时，that可省略。
It was the best coffee （that） I had. .ever tasted. 这是我曾喝过的最好的咖啡。
定向练
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.我当时正在给一群人做一场报告，那个报告我之前已经给其他六组人讲过了。
I was giving a talk to a group of people, the same talk I __________ （give） to half a dozen other groups.
had given
[解析] 根据句意可知，设空处表示的动作发生在was giving这一过去发生的动作之前，表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
2.20世纪50年代，美国大多数家庭只有一部电话，而且无线电话还没有被发明出来。
In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _____________________
（invent） yet.
had not been invented
[解析] 根据句意及yet可知，此处表示“仍未被发明”，应用过去完成时，且invent与主语wireless phones之间为被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
3.教授高兴地发现学生们已经独立完成了该项目三分之二的工作。
The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project ___________________ （complete） by
the students independently.
had been completed
4.我原本打算周一出发，但一场交通事故改变了我的计划。
I ____________________ （mean） on Monday, but a traffic accident changed my plan.
had meant to set off
[解析] mean这一动作发生在changed这一过去发生的动作之前，表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
5.辛苦了一天后,我刚上床睡觉，电话就响了。
I _________________________________ （go） after a very hard day
_____________________________________ the phone rang.
had just/hardly/scarcely gone to bed
when或had no sooner gone to bed; than
6.飞机上坐在我旁边的男孩非常紧张。他以前没坐过飞机。
The boy sitting beside me on the plane was very nervous. He ___________________ （fly） before.
had not/never flown
7.已经完成作业的双胞胎被允许在操场上做游戏。
The twins, who __________________________ （finish）, were allowed to play games on the playground.
had finished their homework
8.这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的表演。
It was the most inspiring performance I _____________________ （watch）.
had （ever） watched(共26张PPT)
Unit 5
Revealing nature
Period Ⅲ
Developing ideas & Presenting ideas & Reflection
敲黑板
1. 语言知识：link, tiny amounts of, drive… away， sb/sth be said to do句式，“it+某些特殊动词或动词短语+that从句”等。
2. 语言技能：学会在表达中运用拟人手法；学会写观察日记。
必刷词汇
1.myth n. ________________
（古代的）神话
2.legend n. ____________________
传说，传奇（故事）
3.wasp n. ______
黄蜂
4.pesticide n. ______________
杀虫剂，农药
5.chilli n. ______
辣椒
6.cybercrime n. __________
网络犯罪
7._____ n. 根
root
8.__________ n. 厘米
centimetre
9._______ v. 发现，察觉（尤指不易觉察到的事物）
派 _________ n. 侦探
detect
detective
10._____ v. 把……联系起来；连接 搭配____..._______...把……与……连接/联系起来
link
link
to/with
11.fungus n. ______ 联想 fungal adj. ________
真菌
真菌的
12.tiny amounts of ________
少量的
13.drive... away ____________
把……赶走
核心词汇
This fungal network links the roots of different plants to each other. 这种真菌网络将不同植物的根系相互连接起来。
教材P76
link
① v. 连接；把……联系起来；相关联
释义·理解
link v.
①to physically join two or more things
②to make a connection
n.
①each ring of a chain
②a connection between sb/sth
③sb/sth that makes a connection
&1& link A with / to B = link A and B （together） 把A和B连接 / 联系起来
be linked to/with... 与……有联系 / 有关联
We must link theory with practice. 我们必须理论联系实际。
All of the outcomes are linked to a lack of physical exercise. 所有结果都与缺乏体育锻炼有关。
② n. （链状物上的）环；联系；起联系作用的人（事物）
&2& a link between A and B A和B之间的联系/关系
have a link with... 与……有联系
Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems. 研究人员已经发现，外出就餐（次数）的增加和体重问题的增多有直接的联系。
定向练
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.我们可以通过不同种类的活动让学生和社会联系起来。
We can ___________________________________________________________________
through different kinds of activities.
link the students to/with society或link the students and society （together）
2.在古代，“丝绸之路”将中国和西方世界联系起来。
The Silk Road ________________________________________________________________
in ancient times.
linked China to/with the West或linked China and the West （together）
3.人们发现，更多地参与艺术活动与更高水平的人民福祉有关。
It is found that more engagement with the arts ________________ a higher level of people's well-being.
is linked to/with
1
【句意】据说亚历山大大帝和马可·波罗曾在印度参观过这样一棵树。
教材P74
&3& sb/sth be said to do sth句式
sb / sth be said to do sth意为“据说某人/某物会做某事”。其中不定式可根据情况用一般式to do, 进行式to be doing和完成式to have done, 具体形式为：
to do sth （未发生）
to be doing sth （正在发生）
to have done sth （已经发生）
sb / sth be said to do sth = It is said that sb / sth…= People say that sb / sth… 用于本句型的动词还有think, believe, expect, report, consider, suppose等。
Robert is said to have studied abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.
据说罗伯特过去曾在国外留学，但我不知道是在哪个国家。
A serious earthquake is reported to have struck this area last night, causing a lot of damage.
= It is reported that a serious earthquake struck this area last night, causing a lot of damage.
据报道，昨晚这个地区发生了严重的地震，造成了巨大的损失。
sb/sth be said+
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He was said _______ （fly） to London next month.
to fly
[解析] 句意为：据说他下个月要飞往伦敦。表示动作还未发生，应用to do形式。
2.This book ___________ （say） to have been translated into more than 20 foreign languages.
is / was said
[解析] 考查“sth be said+to have done sth”，意为“据说某物已经做某事”。
3.___ is reported that many new houses have been built in the disaster area.
It
[解析] 考查“It is reported that... ”，意为“据报道……”。
4.The situation used to be bad, but it is believed _______________ （improve） at present.
to be improving
[解析] 句意为：情况过去很糟糕，但据说目前正在改善。表示动作正在发生，应用进行式to be doing。
2
【句意】……植物似乎确实可以交流。
教材P74
&4& it+某些特殊动词或动词短语+that从句
在“it+某些特殊动词或动词短语+that从句”句型中，it为形式主语，常用于此句型的动词或动词短语有：appear（看来；好像；似乎）/ seem（似乎）/ occur to sb（被想起；被想到）/ turn out（证明是；结果是）等。
It appears that she was wrong. 她似乎错了
It seems that he is not quite himself today. 他今天好像不怎么舒服。
It suddenly occurred to him that he should study for the test. 他突然想到他应该要为考试做准备。
2.It appears _____ he forgot to sign the letter.
that
[解析] 句意为：他似乎忘记在信上署名了。
3.___ seems that most endangered species of wildlife are under protection.
It
[解析] 句意为：好像大多数的濒危野生动物都是受保护的。
二、翻译句子。
看来他们已经不感兴趣了。（appear）
________________________________
It appears that they've lost interest.
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.___ suddenly occurred to me _____ I had to attend an important meeting in Shanghai the next day.
[解析] 句意为：我突然想起第二天我要去上海参加一个重要的会议。
It
that
写作仿 写观察描述类作文
文体分析
1. 文体介绍
观察描述类作文就是把观察到的事物按照时间或空间顺序描述出来。写作时要求内容真实，所见所闻要贴近自己的生活。写作前要细致观察，这样才能进行具体叙述，内容应包括被观察事物的外形、色彩、特点、动作等。写作时要突出中心，围绕一个内容、一种情景、一种感受进行写作，必要时可结合自己的感受进行合理的想象，但要有详有略、想象合理。写作时需要关注以下几点：
（1）考虑好描写的视角和次序。视角就是我们通常所讲的人称，观察描述类作文用第一人称和第三人称都可以，但人称不同，写作的目的、内容和效果也不同。描写次序是指先后顺序问题。一般来讲，观察描述类作文通常是按空间顺序或时间顺序描写的。比如植物生长的过程可按时间顺序进行描写，而房间的布局则可按空间顺序进行描写。
（2）写作时要选择重点部分或内容来写。无论描写什么都不可能面面俱到，要选择最能体现事物特征的一两点进行详细描述，比如植物的生长有一些关键期，如种子发芽、长出茎、长出第一片叶子等，最好将这些关键期作为重点进行描写。
（3）把描写和叙述结合起来。在写作中，描写通常需要与其他表达方式结合起来，尤其是常与叙述结合在一起。一般来说，描写是具体细致地描述客观事物，叙述是概括地描述事件的过程。
2. 篇章结构
第一部分：介绍描述对象的基本信息；
第二部分：从特定的描述视角和顺序，重点细致地描写该对象的特征或者变化情况；
第三部分：做总结，给出评价或描述收获。
素材储备
1. 描述植物生长的常用表达
You'd better put... in the sunlight. 你最好把……放在阳光下。
It's better for you to water... every day. 你最好每天都给……浇水。
Besides, we had better... 除此之外，我们最好……
If you take good care of... , ... can grow better and better. 如果你照顾好……，……会长得越来越好。
It comes in a variety of colours / shapes. 它有各种各样的颜色/形状。
It consists of several integrated parts. 它由几个互相关联的部分组成。
It is shaped like a circle. 它的形状像个圆。
It is flat in shape and small in size. 它形状扁平，体积较小。
... is attached to the bottom. ……与底部相连。
2. 描述某建筑物的常用表达
...is/lies/is located/is suited +地点状语 ……位于……
...is on the… floor, with an area of… ……在某一层，面积为……
On the... floor there is/are... （某地的）某层是……
句子仿写
1.我们打算把这些种子种在花盆里。（prepare）
_____________________________________________
We prepare to plant these seeds in the flowerpot.
2.我们把花盆放在太阳底下，确保它能够得到充足的阳光。（并列句）
____________________________________________________________________
We put the flowerpot in the sun and make sure it can get lots of sunshine.
3.我们教学楼的三层是图书馆。
_______________________________________________________
On the third floor of our teaching building there is a library.
4.这里是学生阅读大量小说和学习自己科目的好地方。（a place to do…）
____________________________________________________________________________
It is a good place for students to read plenty of novels and study their own subjects.
6.用定语从句改写句4。
________________________________________________________________________________
It is a good place where students can read plenty of novels and study their own subjects.
5.用不定式改写句2。
__________________________________________________________________
We put the flowerpot in the sun to make sure it can get lots of sunshine.
模拟演练
假定你是李华，你刚刚搬了新家，请你给你的英国朋友Anne写一封邮件描述一下你的新家。内容如下：
1. 新家的样子；
2. 你会在哪些方面给房间做一些改变。
注意： 1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【思路引导】
【参考范文】
Dear Anne,
Recently, I have moved to a bigger house, so I would like to describe my new house to you.
On the ground floor, you can see a big hall when you enter the gate. On the right of the hall is a sitting room, where I can relax, have a rest, watch TV and enjoy entertainments. On the left there is a computer room and a study room belonging to me. On the first floor there are three bedrooms, each with a bathroom. I also have a lovely bedroom with a big window. I want to put a computer on my desk because I have to search information for my study.
How do you like my new house
Yours,
Li Hua
请总结你学到的有用表达：
【高级词汇】
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【高级句式】
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
