外研版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 2 Onwards and upwards知识·技能·考试课件(共30张PPT)

(共30张PPT)
Unit 2
Onwards and upwards
知识·技能·考试
戳考点
本单元高频考点：
1.inform 2.delight 3.appreciate 4.embarrass 5.接动词不定式或动词-ing形式的动词
1.inform
inform在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查词性转换，常转换为名词information；②考查固定搭配inform sb of/about sth和keep sb informed of sth。
例1 [河南开封2023高二期中·改编] Even with thousands of homes destroyed by wildfires every year, most
homeowners that move receive little or no ___________ （inform） about the risk they are taking on.
information
[解析] 句意为：尽管每年都有成千上万的房屋被野火摧毁，但大多数搬家的房主很少或根本没有收到有关他们所承担风险的信息。
例2 [广东茂名2022高二期末·改编] While the exact species of ghost shark isn't known yet, scientists
hope this discovery will help inform themselves ________ the knowledge of this mysterious creature.
of/about
[解析] 句意为：虽然幽灵鲨的确切种类尚不清楚，但科学家们希望这一发现将帮助他们了解这种神秘生物的知识。inform sb of/about sth意为“告知某人某事”。
例3 The Internet makes it easier to keep us _________ （inform） of what is happening around the
world.
informed
[解析] 句意为：因特网使我们更容易了解世界各地正在发生的事情。keep sb informed of sth意为“使某人了解某事”。
2.delight
（1）delight在语法填空中常考查：①词性转换，常转换为形容词delighted和delightful；②固定搭配to one's delight。
例1 That was a __________ （delight） party and he was delighted to accept the invitation.
delightful
例2 I am more than _________ （delight） to invite you to spend the Spring Festival together.
delighted
例3 ____ my delight, the students are recycling many things they would have thrown away in the past.
To
（2）delight在完形填空中常考查对其词义及常用搭配to one's delight的含义的把握。
例4 [全国甲2022] A year later, much to my ___, this man produced a little box with a ring and
proposed to me.
A
A.delight B.credit C.interest D.disadvantage
3.appreciate
（1）appreciate在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查被动语态；②词性转换，常考查其名词形式appreciation；③考查固定结构I'd appreciate it if…。
例1 [浙江2022年6月] But how can a painting ______________ （appreciate） by someone who's blind
be appreciated
[解析] 句意为：但是一幅画如何才能被一位盲人欣赏呢？主语a painting与动词appreciate之间为被动关系，此处应用被动语态，且根据情态动词can可知，此处应填be appreciated。
例2 [河北秦皇岛2023高二期末·改编] The old man gained ____________ （appreciate） and love from
millions of people on the Internet.
appreciation
[解析] 句意为：这位老人在因特网上获得了数百万人的赞赏和喜爱。
例3 We would appreciate ___ if you could confirm your participation at your earliest convenience.
it
[解析] 此处it为形式宾语，代指后面的if从句。
（2）appreciate在完形填空中常考查对其词义的掌握，意为“理解；感激；欣赏”。
例4 [全国新高考Ⅰ2021] This was the sort of work that made you ___ the dollars you earned and
respect those who did the work, he told me.
D
A.withdraw B.donate C.receive D.appreciate
[解析] 根据空后的respect those who did the work可知，此处想传达的意思是：这种工作能使人重视自己赚的钱，并尊重那些做这种工作的人。
例5 [天津2020年5月] I had needed someone else to show me what I ___ in my dad. It wasn't the fact
that he'd won; it was more than that.
D
A.recommended B.tolerated C.doubted D.appreciated
[解析] 根据空后的It wasn't the fact that he'd won; it was more than that.并结合选项可知，此处表示作者需要别人向其展示自己所欣赏的父亲身上的品质。appreciate意为“欣赏；感激”，符合语境。
4.embarrass
（1）embarrass在语法填空中常考查词性转换，常转换为形容词embarrassed和embarrassing。
例1 Joe was so ____________ （embarrass） that he quickly put everything back into his luggage.
embarrassed
例2 When everyone looked at him, his friend took him away, so as not to leave him on an
____________ （embarrass） occasion.
embarrassing
（2）embarrass在完形填空中主要考查对其派生词embarrassed和embarrassing的词义的把握。
例3 I was very ___.My face turned red and I wished I could find a hole to hide in.
B
A.pleased B.embarrassed C.disappointed D.surprised
例4 [天津2020年7月·改编] All who participated have gained a（n） ___ outcome from getting
involved… The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that encourages those of all ages to interact and
get to know each other in the future.
A
A.positive B.disappointing C.correct D.embarrassing
[解析] 根据下文并结合选项可知，此处表示获得好的结果。positive意为“好的；积极的”，符合语境。embarrassing意为“令人尴尬的”，为干扰项。
5.接动词不定式或动词-ing形式的动词
例1 [浙江2022年1月] That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans
___________ （continue） the practice.
to continue
[解析] 句意为：那种做法让科布去年的航空旅行减少了75%，并且她计划继续这样做。plan to do sth意为“计划做某事”。
例2 [全国乙2021] Activities there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations
aim ________ （have） a low impact on the natural environment.
to have
[解析] 句意为：那里的活动包括赏鲸和远足，且（提供的）住宿力求对自然环境产生较小的影响。aim to do sth意为“力求做某事”，不定式在此作宾语。
例3 I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ （look） directly into his eyes so he
doesn't feel challenged.
looking
[解析] 句意为：我迅速俯下身子，低下头，以避免直接和他对视，这样他就不会觉得受到了挑战。avoid doing sth意为“避免做某事”。
时文领读
主题：人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物
语篇类型：记叙文
词数：381
难度：中
阅读用时：7分钟
背景导入：主演《超人》的演员克里斯托弗·里夫在瘫痪之后努力与病魔搏斗，并通过自己的影响力支持科学家对脊髓损伤和干细胞的研究，成了一名真正的超人。
阅读技巧：根据语篇中的事实进行逻辑推理。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
Although 引导让 步状语从句 star 在此作动 词，意为“担任主 角；主演” A Forever Superman Although he will always be remembered for starring Superman, the greatest role of actor Christopher Reeve's life was as a champion of sufferers of spinal cord （脊髓） injuries and a supporter of stem cell （干细胞） research. 段落大意第一段：总起段，介绍
演员克里斯托弗·里夫的主要贡
献。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
省略 that 的定语 从句，先行词为 the courage and determination Unlike Iron Man, he wasn't faster than a speeding bullet, more powerful than an engine and he couldn't leap tall buildings in a single bound. But the courage and determination①Reeve showed in trying to overcome his paralysis （瘫 痪） from a 1995 horse-riding accident went beyond any of the achievements of the comic book② hero. 段落大意第二至三段：克里斯托
弗·里夫努力克服病痛，他在真实
生活中激励人心的形象比电影中
的超人形象更加伟大。词义猜测
猜测bound的词义
根据上文的he couldn't leap tall
buildings可推测，此处指“他不能
一下就跳过高楼”，故bound在此
处意为“跳跃”。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
who 引导定语从 句，修饰先行词 people，who在从 句中作主语 that 引导定语从 句修饰先行词 energy and enthusiasm, that在 从句中作主语 “He became a real-life superman.His courage was extraordinary③,” Colin Blakemore, former chief executive of Britain's Medical Research Council said.“Like many people who suffer some terrible injuries, Christopher Reeve was totally changed by that experience and brought the kind of energy and enthusiasm that made him successful as a film star to an entirely different issue, with a huge effect.” 段落大意第二至三段：克里斯托
弗·里夫努力克服病痛，他在真实
生活中激励人心的形象比电影中
的超人形象更加伟大。词义猜测
猜测bound的词义
根据上文的he couldn't leap tall
buildings可推测，此处指“他不能
一下就跳过高楼”，故bound在此
处意为“跳跃”。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
heart failure 心脏衰竭 make progress 取得进步 Reeve, 52, died of heart failure on October 10, 2004 after having treatment for an infected④ pressure wound without realising his dream of walking again. But in the nine years since his accident, he made personal progress to regain respect and admiration, founded a non-profit research organisation, and used his fame to raise millions of dollars for research into spinal cord injuries. 段落大意第四至五段：介绍克里斯托弗·里夫对医学研究做出的贡献。
推理判断Which of the following
words can best describe the
characteristics of Reeve
A.Strong-willed and caring.
B.Tough and persuasive.
C.Caring and reliable.
D.Sympathetic and considerate.
克里斯托弗·里夫与病魔顽强做斗
争，支持医疗研究，由此可知，
他意志坚强、乐于助人，故A项符
合。
in the hope of doing sth 希望做某事 He also provided hope and inspiration for other patients and made speeches to support scientists to be allowed to conduct stem cell research in the hope of eventually curing paralysis and other illnesses such as diabetes and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
It is… that… 强 调句型，强调原 因状语 that 引导同位语 从句，解释说明 fact “He has been our champion.If you think of spinal injuries, you automatically recall a picture of Christopher Reeve,” said Paul Smith, executive director of the Spinal Injuries Association in England.It is because of Reeve that spinal cord injuries and stem cell research are so widely discussed, according to Smith.The fact that it happened to Reeve showed it can affect anyone, even Superman. 段落大意第六段：介绍克里斯托
弗·里夫所带来的影响。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
whether 引导宾语 从句，意为“是否” what 引导宾语从 句，在从句中作 advances的定语 Reeve did not live long enough to see whether stem cell research could help restore movement to the paralysed.The research is still in its early stages and no one knows what advances it may bring. 段落大意第七段：干细胞研究仍
处于早期阶段，其未来的发展仍
未可知。
①determination n.决心 ②comic book连环漫画书 ③extraordinary adj.非凡的；出色的 ④infected adj.受感染的
续表
【译文】
永远的超人
尽管因主演《超人》而被人们永远铭记，但演员克里斯托弗·里夫一生中最伟大的角色是脊髓损伤患者的捍卫者以及干细胞研究的支持者。
不同于钢铁侠，他（跑得）没有快速飞驰的子弹那么快，（力量）也没有火车头那么大，更不能一跃跳过高楼大厦。但里夫在与1995年的一次骑马事故造成的瘫痪做斗争时所表现出的勇气和决心，却超越了“超人”这个漫画英雄的任何成就。
“他成了现实生活中的超人。他的勇气是非凡的，” 英国医学研究委员会的前首席执行官——科林·布莱克莫尔说，“就像许多遭受一些重伤的人一样，克里斯托弗·里夫完全被那段经历改变了，他把过去造就他成为一名成功的电影明星的那种精力和热情投入到一个完全不同的事业中，并产生了巨大的影响。”
里夫于2004年10月10日死于心脏衰竭，享年52岁。此前他一直在接受感染性压力创伤的治疗，但最终没能实现再次站起来行走的梦想。但是在（骑马）事故发生后的9年里，他依靠个人的努力再次获得了尊重与赞赏，还创立了非营利性研究机构，并凭借自己的声誉为脊髓损伤研究筹集了数百万美元。
他还为其他病人带去了希望和鼓舞，并发表演讲支持科学家可以进行干细胞研究，希望（这些研究）最终能治愈瘫痪和其他疾病，如糖尿病、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。
英国脊髓损伤协会的执行理事保罗·史密斯说：“他一直是我们的捍卫者。如果你想到脊髓损伤，你会不假思索地回想起克里斯托弗·里夫的形象。”按史密斯所说，正是因为里夫，脊髓损伤和干细胞研究才会引起如此广泛的关注。发生在里夫身上的这件事表明，这一疾病可能影响任何人，甚至是超人。
里夫去世早，没能见证干细胞研究是否能帮助瘫痪者恢复运动（能力）。目前这项研究仍处于早期阶段，没有人知道它可能带来什么进展。
真题展示
[全国新高考Ⅰ2020·B篇] Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree.That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children.Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition （学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing.She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home.She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed （牺牲） to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.“Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says.However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.
【语篇导读】本文讲述的是一个从小在农场长大的女孩珍妮弗的故事。她高中毕业后一边工作一边读完工学院，凭借自己的毅力和努力，最终实现了自己的目标。
1.What did Jennifer do after high school ( )
C
A.She helped her dad with his work. B.She ran the family farm on her own.
C.She supported herself through college. D.She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中的After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition可知，珍妮弗高中毕业后自己打工挣钱交学费，故选C项。
2.Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield ( )
A
A.To take care of her kids easily. B.To learn from the best nurses.
C.To save money for her parents. D.To find a well-paid job there.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.可知，珍妮弗选择这所学校的课程是为了方便在上学的同时照顾自己的孩子，故选A项。
3.What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal ( )
B
A.Her health. B.Her time with family.
C.Her reputation. D.Her chance of promotion.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.可知，珍妮弗为了实现自己的目标，牺牲了许多与孩子待在一起的夜晚，也错过了很多重要的活动，故选B项。
4.What can we learn from Jennifer's story ( )
C
A.Time is money. B.Love breaks down barriers.
C.Hard work pays off. D.Education is the key to success.
[解析] 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了主人公通过自己的努力完成学业，最终获得成功的故事，强调了她坚持不懈、努力拼搏的精神，C项（努力终将得到回报）符合文章主旨，故选C项。
【微技能】如何推断文章蕴含的道理
理解语篇的主要内容并推断出其蕴含的道理需要从文章主题出发，概括文章的主旨大意、分析作者的写作意图等，然后从中推测出文章想要传递的道理或思想。考生在做此类题目时，解题时需要注意以下两点：
（1）理解语篇要义的关键是找出文章的主题。做这类题时，首先要找出文章主题句，再通过速读全文，把握文章的中心思想。主题句通常在文章首段或结尾，有时也分散在各段，此时考生需对各段的主旨进行归纳，进而总结出文章的主题。
（2）针对没有明确主题句的文章，考生需要对文中的事实细节进行全面分析，总结出各细节中的共同点，从而找出隐含的主旨。此时要避免以偏概全，不能被局部内容所迷惑，要注意从整体分析文章想要表达的思想和意义。 以上面的第4题为例，通读全文可知，第一段中的That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from… earn a bachelor's degree. 为文章主旨句，全文围绕这一主旨句展开描述，故可得出C项（努力终将得到回报）符合文章主旨。