(共55张PPT)
Unit 1
Laugh out loud!
Period Ⅲ
Developing ideas & Presenting ideas & Reflection
敲黑板
1.语言知识：spot, whisper, conclude, fall behind, brand of humour, put sb on the spot, tell off, cross out, think on one's feet, combine… with…, while引导让步状语从句，不定式（短语）作表语省略to的情况，if虚拟条件句，现在分词的完成式作状语，副词置于句首引起的完全倒装。
2.语言技能：学会介绍一位喜剧演员；能够表演一个自己创作的单口喜剧。
必刷词汇
1.witty adj.________________________
说话风趣的；妙趣横生的
2.medieval adj.______________________
中世纪的，中古时期的
3.mischievous adj.________________
调皮的，淘气的
4.barber n.__________
男理发师
5.concept n.____________
概念，观念
6.roar v.____________搭配 roar with laughter __________
哄笑，大笑
哄堂大笑
7.__________ n.交流 联想 ________ v.交流；沟通；相互影响
interaction
interact
8.______ n.刮脸，刮胡
shave
9._______ n.男人；家伙
fellow
10.fame n.____________派 ________ adj.著名的
名声，名誉
famous
11.linguist n.__________ 联想 ①linguistic adj.__________②lingual adj.________ ③bilingual adj.________
语言学家
语言学的
语言的
双语的
12.emotive adj.______________ 联想 ①________ n.强烈的情感②__________ adj.情感的
使情绪激动的
emotion
emotional
13._______ n.言论；意见，评论 v.说起；谈论；评论
派 ___________ adj.非凡的；显著的
remark
remarkable
14.brand n.____________搭配 brand of humour ________________
品牌，牌子
某种类型的幽默
15.spot n.____________ v.______ 派 spotted adj.__________ 搭配 put sb on the spot
____________________________________________
地点，处所
发现
有斑点的
（故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题）使某人难堪
16.______ adj.残忍的
派 ①_________ adv.残忍地 ②_________ n.残忍
搭配 _______ _______ ___________ 对……残忍
cruel
cruelly
cruelty
be cruel to
17.________ v.悄声说，低语 n.［C］低语；耳语
搭配 ___ ___ ________ 低声地；悄声地
whisper
in
a
whisper
18._______ adv.温和地；轻柔地联想 _______ adj.温和的；轻柔的
gently
gentle
19.illuminate v.________________________ 派 illumination n.__________
照亮，照明；阐明，解释
照明;阐明
20.equation n.______________ 联想 equivalent adj.________________
等式，方程式
等值的；相等的
21.____________ adj.难处理的；难懂的 联想 ① ___________ v.使复杂化；使恶化 ② ____________ n.
使复杂化的事物
complicated
complicate
complication
22._________ vi.& vt.结束，终止 vt.推断出；断定 派 __________① n.结论；结局；推论 ②
__________adj.结论性的；不容置疑的；确凿的
conclude
conclusion
conclusive
23.__________ n.作曲家 联想 _________ v.作曲；构成
composer
compose
24.tell off ____________
斥责，责骂
25.fall behind ______________________
不能按时完成（工作）
26.cross out ____________
删去；划掉
27.think on one's feet ____________________
思维敏捷；反应迅速
bine… with… ____________________
把……和……相结合
29.throw light on… __________________
使……更容易理解
30.hurry away __________
匆匆离开
核心词汇
Once, having been invited to dinner at a university, he was put on the spot when the president suddenly asked him to give a speech. 有一次，林语堂受邀参加一所大学的晚宴，（宴会期间，）校长突然请他发表讲话，这让林语堂很为难。教材P11
1 spot
① n.［C］ （尤指休闲的）地点，处所；斑点；污渍
He showed me the spot where he had asked her to marry him. 他把自己向她求婚的地点指给我看。
His pants were covered with spots of mud. 他的裤子上都是泥点。
释义·理解
spot n.
①a particular area or place, especially a pleasant place
②a small round area that has a different colour
③a small dirty mark on sth
&1& on the spot 立即（= right away）；当场；在现场
put sb on the spot （故意提出难以回答或尴尬的问题）使某人难堪
（a/the） bright spot 困境中使人高兴的事；闪光点
He answered that question on the spot. 他当场就回答了那个问题。
Our question certainly put him on the spot. 我们的问题确实让他为难。
② vt.（spotted, spotted）发现；注意到；使有污渍
The police spotted the thief in the crowd.警察在人群中发现了小偷。
&2& spot sb/sth doing… 看到某人/某物做……
be spotted with… 满是……斑点
Neighbours spotted smoke coming out of the house. 邻居们发现有烟从这所房子里冒出来。
His shirt was spotted with oil. 他的衬衣上满是油点。
&3& ①spotted adj.有斑点的；有花点的
②spotless adj.非常洁净的；毫无瑕疵的
定向练1
翻译句子，体会spot的一词多义。
1.[浙江2020年7月·改编] A bright spot for me turned out to be reading.
______________________________
原来能令我高兴的事情是读书。
2.He likes the black dogs with white spots.
__________________________
他喜欢带白色斑点的黑狗。
3.[课标全国Ⅱ2020·改编] He spotted two paintings he thought would look nice above his dining room
table.
__________________________________________________________
他发现了两幅画，他觉得这两幅画挂在他的餐桌上方会很好看。
4.As the only witness on the spot, he was questioned by the police.
________________________________________
作为现场唯一的目击者，他被警方问话了。
I'm sorry.I didn't mean to put you on the spot in there. 不好意思，我并不是有意让你为难。
——《实习医生格蕾》
The man whispered something in the lion's ear, after which the lion shook its head and walked away unhappily. 那人对狮子耳语了几句，之后狮子便摇了摇头，怏怏不乐地走开了。教材P11
2 whisper
① v.悄声说，低语
James leaned over to whisper something to Michael. 詹姆斯俯身跟迈克尔低声说了些什么。
&4& whisper （sth） in one's ear 与某人耳语（某事）
whisper about sth 低声嘀咕某事
whisper sth to sb 低声地对某人说某事
Even though it was only October, my students were already whispering about holiday plans. 尽管才到10
月，我的学生们已经在嘀咕假期计划了。
In order not to let others hear what he said, he whispered the news to me. 为了不让别人听到他的话，他低声地把消息告诉了我。
② n.［C］ 低语（声），耳语（声）
Her voice dropped to a whisper. 她压低声音小声说话。
&5& in a whisper/in whispers 低声地
We spoke in whispers for fear of waking the sleeping baby. 我们小声说话，生怕吵醒正在睡觉的婴儿。
定向练2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.Mum whispered ___ us, “Be quiet! Your little sister's sleeping.”
to
2.Speaking quickly and almost ___ a whisper, she informed everyone that the pilot had fainted.
in
3.—What are you two whispering ______ over there
—Oh, nothing. Just small talk.
about
A punch line concludes a joke and is intended to make people laugh. 妙语是笑话的结束语，意在逗人发笑。教材P13
3 conclude v.（使）结束，终止；推断出；断定；得出结论
&6& conclude （sth） with… 以……结束（某事）
conclude （sth） by doing… 以做……结束（某事）
to conclude 总而言之；最后；结论是
conclude （from…） that… （从……中）推断出……/得出……结论
It is concluded that… 结论是……
I would like to conclude by wishing you all a happy New Year. 最后，我想祝大家新年快乐。
To conclude, I wish the summit a complete success! 最后，祝大会取得圆满成功！
Researchers concluded from their studies that the harm brought by pollutants was much severer than we had expected. 研究人员从他们的研究中得出结论，污染物带来的危害比我们预想的要严重得多。
It was concluded that no substantive changes were necessary. 结论是，无须作任何重大变更。
&7& ①conclusion n.结论；结束
come to/reach/draw a conclusion （that…） 得出（……）结论
in conclusion （=to conclude）最后；结论是；总而言之
jump to the conclusion （that…） 贸然断定（……）
Scientists have come to the conclusion that the temperature on Earth is getting higher and higher. 科学家们已经得出结论:地球上的温度正在变得越来越高。
In conclusion, I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed staying in your beautiful country. 最后，我想说，待在你们这个美丽的国家，我过得有多么快乐。
②conclusive adj.结论性的；不容置疑的；确凿的
Such a conclusive evidence is hard to be explained away. 如此确凿的证据是很难巧辩的。
定向练3
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He concluded ______ their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
from
[解析] 句意为：他从他们的谈话中推断出他们反对该计划。
2.The story concluded _____ the hero's death.
with
[解析] 句意为：故事以男主人公的离世结束。
3.Some people jumped to the __________ （conclude） that something must be wrong.
conclusion
[解析] 句意为：有些人贸然断定：一定是哪里出了问题。
4.___ conclusion, although it has some negative effects, it can bring us more advantages.
In
[解析] 句意为：总的说来，虽然有负面的影响，但它给我们带来的好处更多。
5.I've come to the conclusion _____ he's not the right person for the job.
that
[解析] 句意为：我得出的结论是他不适合做这份工作。
Can we therefore conclude that humans are concerned more with “having” than “being”. 我们是否能够因此得出这样的结论，即人类更在意“拥有”而不是“具有”。
——《超体》
1
【句意】虽然对如今的我们来说，这些相同的笑话可能不像它们在当时那么有趣，但它们的创作者明白，幽默不仅可以带来欢乐，还为敏感的或容易引起激烈争论的问题提供了新的理解（角度）。教材P10
&8& while引导让步状语从句
while用作连词时可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，通常置于句首，一般可以与although和though互换。
While/Though/Although I am willing to help, I do not have much time available. 尽管我愿意帮忙，但我没有多少空闲时间。
While/Though/Although I have only listed two of them, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. 虽然我只列出了其中两种情况，但显然还有很多其他可能出现的情况。
特别注意 while, although, though及as引导让步状语从句的区别
①while引导让步状语从句时多置于句首，而though和although引导的从句可置于主句前，也可置于主句后。其中although比though更加正式。
While he is very old, he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪很大了，但身体还很健壮。
I play the piano tolerably well, though/although I have no particular talent for it. 尽管我在弹钢琴方面没有特别的天赋，但我弹得还算可以。
②as引导的让步状语从句要倒装，though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，其倒装结构为：形容词/副词/动词/名词+as/though+主语+谓语。动词提前至句首时，主语后要加助动词或情态动词；作表语的单数可数名词放在句首时，名词前不加冠词。although和while引导的让步状语从句不能倒装。
Try as/though she might, she couldn't get the door open. 尽管她尽力了，她还是打不开门。
Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然他是个孩子，但他知道什么是该做的事情。（单数可数名词child位于句首，其前不加冠词）
Hard as/though he works, he makes little progress. 尽管他学习很努力，但几乎没取得什么进步。
定向练1
根据汉语意思，用as/although/though/while完成句子。
1.他虽然努力尝试，但没有成功。
_____________________ he tried hard, he was not successful.
Though/Although/While
2.虽然很晚了，但他还在继续工作。
He went on working_______________ it was very late.
though/although
3.虽然天气很冷，但他没穿外套就出去了。
_____________________ it was cold, yet he went out without a coat.
While/Though/Although
4.虽然我们在那件事上没达成共识，但我们仍然是朋友。
_____________________ we don't agree on that, we continue to be friends.
Though/Although/While
5.尽管我很喜欢巴黎，但我不能住在那里。
Much__________ I liked Paris, I couldn't live there.
as/though
6.尽管我相信这一点，但我还得考虑考虑。
_____________________ I believe it, yet I must consider.
While/Though/Although
7.尽管他年轻，但是他能胜任这份工作。
Young __________ he is, he is qualified for the task.
as/though
8.尽管饭店里挤满了人，但他们还是设法找到了一张空桌。
Crowded __________ the restaurant was, they managed to find a free table.
as/though
2
【句意】你只需要把不恰当的词语都划掉。教材P10
&9& 不定式（短语）作表语省略to的情况
当主语部分为all, what引导的从句或主语被only, first及形容词最高级等修饰且句子中包含动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的不定式（短语）可以省略to。
All you need to do now is （to） complete the form. 你现在需要做的就是把这张表填好。
The first thing for us to do is （to） accept the challenge. 我们要做的第一件事情就是接受挑战。
The least you can do is （to） help a little. 你至少也可以帮一把。
定向练2
翻译句子。
1.现在你所需要做的是好好休息。
_____________________________________________________
What/All you need to do now is （to） have a good rest.
2.我们要做的就是继续等待，直到他回来。
_____________________________________________________________
What/All we have to do is （to） keep waiting till/until he returns.
3.你唯一能做的就是睡觉。
________________________________________
The only thing you can do is （to） sleep.
3
【句意】吐温回答说没有后，理发师告诉他，如果他想去参加讲座，他只能站着，因为讲堂里没有空座位了。教材P11
&10& if虚拟条件句
①if虚拟条件句表示一种假设或不太可能实现的情况。通常包含三种情况：与过去事实相反；与现在事实相反；与将来事实有可能相反。在这三种情况下，从句和主句的谓语形式如下表所示：
从句谓语 主句谓语
与过去事实相反 had done would/should/could/might+have
done
与现在事实相反 did/were would/should/could/might+动词原形
与将来事实有可能相反 did/werewere to+动词原形 should+动词原形 would/should/could/might+动词原形
If you had warned. .him of the danger, he would not have been seriously injured. 如果你之前就警告他有危险，他就不会伤得这么严重了。（与过去事实相反）
If I were in charge, I would do things differently. 倘若由我负责，我不会这样办事的。（与现在事实相反）
If you succeeded/should succeed/were to succeed, everything would be all right. 如果你成功的话，一切都会好起来的。（与将来事实有可能相反）
②错综时间条件句：通常情况下，在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指的时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，这时要根据主从句动作发生的时间选择相应的谓语动词形式。
If I had asked her for advice yesterday, I should know what to do now. 如果我昨天向她寻求建议，现在我就知道该怎么做了。（从句表示对过去的虚拟，主句表示对现在的虚拟）
If I were you, I wouldn't have missed the film last night. 如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚的那部电影。（从句表示对现在的虚拟，主句表示对过去的虚拟）
If they had left home early, they would arrive in half an hour. 要是他们早早就离开家的话，再过半个小时就该到了。（从句表示对过去的虚拟，主句表示对将来的虚拟）
③非真实条件句中的省略：当if引导的条件状语从句中的谓语部分含有should, were, had时,可以将should, were或助动词had提到句首，省略if，形成倒装结构。
Should I have time （ = If I should have time）, I would go to the party. 如果我有时间，我将去参加那个聚会。
Had I taken my umbrella with me （If I had taken my umbrella with me） when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now. 如果我早上出门时带了伞，现在就不会淋湿了。
定向练3
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.They might have found a better hotel if they ___________ （drive） a few more kilometres.
had driven
[解析] 句意为：如果他们再多开几千米，他们就能找到一个更好的旅馆。根据might have found可知，此句表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句应用过去完成时。
2.If Jack had been here at the party, we ________________________________ （be） more joyful.
would/could/might/should have been
[解析] 句意为：如果杰克来参加聚会，我们会更加高兴的。此处表示与过去事实相反。
3.If I ______ （know） the answer to all your questions, I would be a genius.
knew
[解析] 句意为：我要是能回答你所有的问题的话，我就是天才了。此处表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语应用过去式。
4.If she ______ （be） generous as she makes out, she would donate more money.
were
[解析] 句意为：如果她真像她所说的那样慷慨，她就会捐出更多的钱。根据would donate more money可知，此句表示与现在事实相反，故填were。
5.If you __________ （take） my advice last week, you wouldn't make a mistake now.
had taken
二、用倒装结构改写句子。
1.If it were not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
______ ___ ____ ____ the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
Were
it
not
for
2.If I should see her next Monday, I would tell her about it.
_______ __ ____ her next Monday, I would tell her about it.
Should
I
see
4
【句意】有一次，林语堂受邀参加一所大学的晚宴，（宴会期间，）校长突然请他发表讲话，这让林语堂很为难。教材P11
&11& 现在分词的完成式作状语
当作状语的现在分词（短语）表示的动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前时，用现在分词的完成式having done。此时一般有明显的完成时态的标志性时间状语，如“for+时间段” “since+时间点”和many times等。其否定式为在having done前面加not。
Having wandered aimlessly in the street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat. 在街上漫无目的地逛了好几个小时后，她感到有点饿，想吃点东西。
Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the basement. 说完这个，他在桌子上摆了一些食物，又从地下室取出一张床来。
Not having studied hard, he failed the entrance examination. 因为没有努力学习，他入学考试不及格。
定向练4
用doing或having done的形式填空。
1._______ （live） in the country, the children have a lot of fun.
Living
[解析] 句意为：在乡村生活，孩子们很开心。分词表示的动作和谓语所表示的动作同时发生，所以用一般式。
2._____________ （live） in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well.
Having lived
[解析] 句意为：卡特已经在北京生活了很多年，他很了解这个城市。根据时间状语for many years以及语境可判断，分词表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前，所以用完成式。
3.___________________ （not receive） an answer, I decided to write another letter.
Not having received
[解析] 句意为：因为没有收到回信，我决定再写一封信。“没收到回信”明显发生在“再写一封信”之前，所以用完成式。
4.____________ （see） the film, he didn't go to the cinema with them.
Having seen
[解析] 句意为：因为他已经看过这部电影了，他就没和他们一起去看。“看过这部电影”发生在“没有和他们去看电影”之前，所以用完成式。
5._____________ （not know） his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.
Not knowing
[解析] 句意为：由于不知道他的住址，我什么都做不了，只能待在家里等着。结合语境可判断，分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作没有先后关系，故用一般式。
6._______ （be） so excited, many of us couldn't go to sleep that night.
Being
[解析] 句意为：由于很激动，我们中许多人在那一晚都失眠了。此处分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作无先后关系，应用现在分词的一般式being。
7.My car broke down halfway, ________ （cause） me to come late.
causing
[解析] 句意为：我的车在半路上抛锚了，以致我来晚了。此处作结果状语，应用现在分词的一般式。
8.________ （hear） the news, she burst into tears.
Hearing
[解析] 句意为：听到这个消息，她大哭起来。
5
【句意】然后来了一只老虎。教材P11
&12& 副词置于句首引起的完全倒装
地点副词（here, there）、方向性副词（out, in, up, down, away, off）及时间副词（now, then）等位于句首，且谓语动词为be动词或go, come等不及物动词时，句子的主谓完全倒装。
There rings the bell. 铃声响了。
Off rushed Tom without saying goodbye. 汤姆没说再见就冲了出去。
Now comes your turn to make a short speech. 现在轮到你做一个简短的演讲了。
特别注意当主语是代词时，句子的主谓不需要倒装，也就是说，主语和谓语保持正常语序。
Away he went！他走了！
定向练5
用完全倒装结构翻译句子。
1.看！最后一班火车来了。
______________________________
Look! Here comes the last train.
2.听到猫来了，所有老鼠都跑了。
___________________________________________
Hearing the cat coming, away ran all the mice.
写作仿 介绍一位喜剧演员
文体分析
1.文体介绍
介绍一位喜剧演员属于说明文的写作范畴。介绍该演员的关键在于突出其独特风格、主要代表作品、贡献等。如果是介绍已故的喜剧演员，时态多用一般过去时；如果是介绍在世的喜剧演员，时态则多用一般现在时。
2.篇章结构
此类文章一般采用“总—分—总”结构。
第一部分：总体介绍某位喜剧演员（名字、国籍、出生日期、主要成就等）；
第二部分：说明喜欢他/她的原因（介绍这位喜剧演员的独特表演风格）；
第三部分：介绍这位喜剧演员的代表作品（小品、脱口秀、相声、电影等），包括代表作品中塑造的经典人物、给人留下深刻印象的片段等；
第四部分：你或者其他人对这位喜剧演员的评价。
素材储备
1.常用短语
a sense of humour; a household name; be awarded…; win a title of; be widely known; be famous/well-known for/as; show a great interest in; have a talent for; be gifted in; arouse people's deep thought about the phenomenon; be devoted to; make a great contribution to; contribute to; make great achievements in; be honoured as; in the field of; make a breakthrough in; burst out laughing
2.常用句式…, who was born in… （年份） and passed away in… （年份）, is considered to be one of the greatest… ……生于……，……年逝世，被认为是最伟大的……之一。
There is no doubt that… is one of the greatest/most brilliant comedians in history. 毫无疑问，……是历史上最伟大/最杰出的喜剧演员之一。
It is commonly acknowledged that… is the greatest actor of all time. 人们普遍认为……是有史以来最伟大的演员。
It is generally agreed that… is a great actor/actress, who enjoys high popularity in… 人们普遍认为……是一名伟大的演员，他/她在……领域很受欢迎。
…, also called…, is considered as one of the most successful… in the history of… ……，也被称为……，被认为是……历史上最成功的……之一。
Of all…, … is the one who impresses me most.在所有……中，令我印象最深刻的是……
… went to… for further education in… ……去了……，在……方面继续深造。
… was set in…, which is still enjoyed/loved by audience at present.……以……为背景，目前仍受到观众的喜爱。
In… （年份）, his/her work… was published, which has a lasting influence on… ……年，他/她的作品……出版了，对……产生了深远的影响。
His/Her unique acting style made a deep impression on… 他/她独特的表演风格给……留下了深刻的印象。
… was deeply impressed by his/her unique acting style.For example/instance,… ……被他/她独特的表演风格深深打动了。例如，……
In his/her film/work, he/she successfully played/created the character… 在他/她的电影/作品中，他/她成功地扮演了/创造了……角色。
… will continue to live in our hearts for the character/role successfully played/created by him/her.……将因他/她成功扮演/创造的角色而继续活在我们的心中。
As an outstanding…, … will surely bring us more surprises/impressive works in the future.作为一位优秀的……，……将来一定会给我们带来更多的惊喜/令人印象深刻的作品。
句子仿写
1.人们普遍认为卓别林（Chaplin）是一名伟大的演员。（acknowledge）
_____________________________________________________________
It is commonly/generally acknowledged that Chaplin is a great actor.
2.他在喜剧领域很受欢迎。（enjoy）
__________________________________
He enjoys high popularity in comedy.
3.他1889年4月16日出生于伦敦，是有史以来最有才华的喜剧演员之一。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Born in London on 16 April, 1889, he was one of the most talented comedians of all time.或He was born in London on 16 April, 1889, who was one of the most talented comedians of all time.
4.令我印象最深刻的是他独一无二的表演风格。（what引导主语从句）
___________________________________________________________
What impresses me most is his unique style of acting/acting style.
5.用enjoy的非谓语形式合并句1和句2。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
It is commonly/generally acknowledged that Chaplin is a great actor, enjoying high popularity in comedy.
模拟演练
假定你是李华，请你根据以下信息在英语课上向同学们介绍一位你喜爱的喜剧演员——罗温·艾金森（Rowan Atkinson）。要点如下：
1.罗温·艾金森出生于1955年1月6日，是著名的英国喜剧男演员。他因饰演“憨豆先生”这一角色而家喻户晓。他毕业于牛津大学，获得了硕士学位;
2.他的代表作品有《憨豆先生》;
3.对他的评价。
注意： 1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___
【思路引导】
【参考范文】
Dear fellow classmates,
Today, I'd like to introduce a world-famous comedian—Rowan Atkinson. He, a famous British actor, was born on January 6, 1955, who performed the household role—Mr Bean in the TV series of the same name. Acknowledged as a typical character of British humour, Mr Bean is just a clumsy man but not an abnormal person. The way he behaves is the real British humour. He perceives the world in his own special manner. Actually, Rowan is a serious and intelligent man with a master's degree from the University of Oxford.
People from all over the world are deeply impressed by his unique acting style. And there won't be another man like Mr Bean in the world.
请总结你学到的有用表达：
【高级词汇】
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【高级句式】
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(共35张PPT)
Unit 1
Laugh out loud!
Period Ⅱ
Using language
敲黑板
1.语言知识：essential, impress, deserve, make sense, come true, if省略结构及非限制性定语从句等。
2.语言技能：能够恰当地运用非限制性定语从句等句式结构讲述一个有趣的故事；学会对故事内容做出评论。
必刷词汇
1.grin v.____________________
露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑
2.________ v.应得，应受到 搭配 ________ ___ ____ sth 值得做某事；应该做某事
deserve
deserve
to
do
3.essential adj.________________________ n.________________________派 __________ adv.本质上；根本
上
极其重要的，必不可少的
必需品；必不可少的东西
essentially
4.impress v.________________________派 ①___________ n.印象②__________ adj.给人深刻印象的
使钦佩，使留下深刻印象
impression
impressive
5.long face __________
愁眉苦脸
6.laughing stock ____________
笑料，笑柄
7.crack a smile __________
笑了起来
8.practical joke ________
恶作剧
9.make sense ________________
有意义；讲得通
e true __________
成为现实
核心词汇
Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information 哪些句子包含带有必不可少的信息的从句，哪些句子包含带有附加信息的从句？教材P6
1 essential adj.必不可少的，极其重要的；基本的；本质的
History is an essential part of human civilization. 历史是人类文明中必不可少的一部分。［2020年5月天津］
&1& It is essential that… ……很重要/是必不可少的（从句用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，should可以省略）
It is essential （for sb） to do sth （对某人来说）做某事很重要
It is essential that you （should） get a visa before you travel to the USA. 去美国之前拿到签证是必不可少的。
It is essential for him to know all the facts. 对他来说，知道所有的事实是非常重要的。
&2& essential n.（常用复数）必需品
&3& essentially adv.本质上；根本上
The room was furnished with the simplest essentials. 房间里摆放了最简单的生活必需品。
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.___ is essential that these application forms be sent back as early as possible.
It
[解析] 句意为：这些申请表必须尽早寄回。
2.She's added a few characters and changed some names but __________ （essential） this is a true
story.
essentially
[解析] 句意为：她加了几个角色，改了一些名字，但从本质上讲，这是一个真实的故事。
3.It is essential for us __________ （appeal） to someone for help when necessary.
to appeal
[解析] 句意为：对我们来说，在必要时向他人求助是很重要的。
4.She packed a few_________ （essential） and headed for the countryside.
essentials
[解析] 句意为：她收拾了一些必需品就去了乡下。此处作宾语，表示“必需品”，是可数名词，由a few可知,此处应用名词复数形式。故填essentials。
If you take away the clauses, do the sentences still make sense 如果你删掉这些从句，这些句子还有意义吗？教材P6
2 make sense 有意义；讲得通；是明智的；合乎情理
She doesn't talk much, but what she says makes sense. 她讲话不多，但言之有理。
It would make sense to leave early. 提前离开是明智的。
&4& make （no） sense of…（无法）理解/（无法）弄懂……（主语是人）
make no sense 没有意义；没有道理（主语是物）
It makes sense （for sb） to do sth （对某人来说）做某事是明智的
Your creative imagination is what you use to make sense of other people's experiences. 你具有创造性的想象力使你能理解他人的经历。
Those words make no sense to foreigners because they do not understand the context. 这些字词对外国人来说毫无意义，因为他们不理解上下文。
In the long run, it makes sense for you to settle down and find a permanent job. 从长远来看，你定居下来找一个固定的工作是明智的。
定向练2
根据汉语提示补全句子。
1.It ____________（是明智的） to take care of your body, for being healthy is the most important.
makes sense
[解析] 句意为：照顾好你的身体是明智的，因为身体健康是最重要的。
2.We read the book through but could _________________________________（无法理解） it.
make no sense of/not make sense of
[解析] 句意为：我们读完了这本书，但是无法理解它的含义。
3._________________（没有意义）to discuss it over and over again.
It makes no sense
[解析] 句意为：一遍又一遍地讨论这件事是没有意义的。
Watson is pleased with his answer which he thinks will impress Holmes. 华生对自己的回答很满意，他认为自己的回答会给福尔摩斯留下深刻印象。教材P7
3 impress v.使留下深刻印象，使钦佩；使意识到（重要性等）
We interviewed a number of candidates but none of them impressed us. 我们面试了许多申请人，但没有一个使我们印象深刻。
&5& impress sb with/by sth 某物使某人印象深刻
be impressed by/with… 对……钦佩；对……印象深刻
impress sth on/upon sb 使某人了解某事的重要性/严重性
For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by how selfless she was. 多年来，我的母亲一直尽力省下食物给他们，来帮助他们摆脱困境。她的无私让我非常钦佩。
The doctor impressed on the patient the need for an immediate operation. 医生让患者意识到立刻接受手术的必要。
&6& ①impression n.印象；感想
leave/make a（n）… impression on sb 给某人留下……的印象
give the impression of… 给人……的印象
first impression 第一印象
②impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；令人钦佩的
③impressed adj.（对……）钦佩的；有深刻的好印象的
定向练3
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.She gives the ___________ （impress） of being a hard worker.
impression
[解析] 设空处前有定冠词the，后有介词of，应用名词作gives的宾语。give the impression of… 意为“给人……的印象”。
2.I was very __________ （impress） by a young man at my lectures.
impressed
[解析] 句意为：我对来听我课的一个年轻人印象很深。be impressed by… 意为“对……印象深刻”。
3.What is the most __________（impress） there is its many multi-level waterfalls and colourful lakes.
impressive
[解析] 句意为：那里最令人印象深刻的是许多层次丰富的瀑布和五颜六色的湖泊。根据前面的the most可知，此处应用形容词的最高级在主语从句中作表语，故填impressive。
4.Father impressed ________ me the value of hard work.
on/upon
[解析] 句意为：父亲让我了解了努力工作的重要意义。impress sth on/upon sb意为“使某人了解某事的重要性/严重性”。
5.Her speech made ___ quite good impression on the audience.
a
[解析] 句意为：她的演讲给听众留下了相当好的印象。make a（n）… impression on sb为固定搭配，意为“给某人留下……的印象”。quite的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
6.He impressed her ________ his sincerity.
with/by
[解析] 句意为：他的真诚给她留下了深刻的印象。impress sb with/by sth意为“某物使某人印象深刻”。
We all deserve a second chance, I guess. 我想我们都应该有第二次机会。教材P7
4 deserve v.应得，应受到；值得
&7& deserve to do sth值得做某事；应该做某事
sb/sth deserve doing（主动形式表被动意义）=sb/sth deserve to be done 某人/某事值得被……
I don't deserve to still be in the tournament. 我不应该继续参加这次锦标赛。
He deserves to be remembered for charity and forgiveness.
=He deserves remembering for charity and forgiveness. 他的仁爱和宽宏大量值得被铭记。
特别注意 ①除deserve外，后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义的单词或短语还有need, want, require和be worth等。
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 窗户需要擦一下。
The place is worth visiting.=The place. .is worthy to be visited. 这个地方值得参观。
②deserve后接不定式时，若表示主动意义，则用不定式的主动式；若表示被动意义，则用不定式的被动式。
Those who work deserve to eat. 劳动者该得食。
He deserves to be criticised. 他应当受到批评。
定向练4
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Bob failed in the exam again.Since he never worked hard, he _________ （deserve） it.
deserved
[解析] 句意为：鲍勃考试又不及格。因为他从来都不努力学习，这是他应得的。
2.I think your team deserves _______ （win）.
to win
[解析] 句意为：我认为你们队应该赢。
二、根据汉语提示补全句子。
1.It is he who ________________________________________________________（应该受到惩罚）.I have
nothing to do with it.
deserves punishing/deserves to be punished/deserves punishment
2.His advice is very practical and it ____________________________________________________________
_________________ （值得一试）.
is worth trying/is worthy to be tried/deserves trying/deserves to be tried/deserves a try
【句意】如果是这样的话，这意味着其他行星上可能也有生命。教材P7
&8& if省略结构
①if so意为“如果是这样的话”，相当于if it is so。so 表示“这样；如此”，用于代替前面已陈述的事。这种语法现象被称为状语从句的省略，即当状语从句的主语与主句主语相同或是it，且从句中有be动词时，从句主语和be动词常省略。if so表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。
Is anybody feeling cold If not, let us open the windows. 有人感到冷吗？如果没有，我们开窗吧。
②由if构成的其他常用省略结构:
if necessary 如果有必要的话 if possible 如果可能的话
if any 如果有的话 if ever 即使有……也极少；难得
if anything 要说有什么（区别）的话；反倒是（常用于否定句后表达相反意见）
He seldom, if ever, comes late. 他几乎从不迟到。
Living together didn't harm our friendship. If anything, it strengthened it. 住在一起并没有伤害我们的友谊，反倒增进了它。
定向练
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.你下周哪天晚上有空吗？如果有的话，我们去跳舞吧。
Have you got a free evening next week？___ _____, let's go dancing.
If
any
2.如果可能，我想毕业后去旅行。
___ ________, I want to have a trip after graduation.
If
possible
3.如果你做完了（工作），我们可以喝杯咖啡。如果没有，你最好继续工作。
If you've finished, we can have a coffee.___ ____, you'd better keep working.
If
not
4.这个女孩很少向她哥哥寻求保护。
The girl seldom, ___ _____， turned to her brother for protection.
if
ever
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句（Non-restrictive Attributive Clause）起补充或附带说明的作用，删去也不会影响主句所表达的意思，从句和主句间用逗号隔开。在非限制性定语从句中关系代词和关系副词均不能省略。
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词
（1）which的用法
which在非限制性定语从句中既可指代主句中作先行词的名词或代词，也可指代整个主句或主句中某部分所表达的意思，不可省略。
He said he had won first prize, which was true. 他说他得了一等奖，这是真的。（which引导非限制性定语从句，指代said后面的宾语从句）
（2）who/whom的用法
who/whom在非限制性定语从句中指人，不可省略。
Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next city. 彼得开了一天的车，他提议在下一座城市停下来（休息）。
Paul, whom everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent. 大家都怀疑保罗，结果证明他是无辜的。
（3）as的用法
as通常用于表示看法、态度、解释或评论的非限制性定语从句中，此时as可以翻译为“正如；就像”。as引导的定语从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。as常用于一些固定结构，不能用which代替。as引导的定语从句的常用表达有：as we all know/as is known to all/as is often the case （with sb）/as is reported/as is expected/as anybody can see/as often happens/as can be seen/as can be judged from等。
As he often did, he stopped by the “after work auction” run by the Italian police where things found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder. 和往常一样，他在意大利警方举办的“下班后拍卖会”停下来，在那里，在火车上发现的东西被卖给出价最高的人。［2020课标全国Ⅱ］
（4）whose的用法
whose既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。whose+n.=the+n.+of whom/which=of which/whom+the+n.
The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny, are prizes for us.=The books on the desk, the covers of which are shiny, are prizes for us.=The books on the desk, of which the covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 桌上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是给我们的奖励。
引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词
（1）when的用法
when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work. 星期天是假日，这一天人们不上班。
（2）where的用法
where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, where my grandparents and some relatives live. 我们打算在广州过春节，那里住着我的祖父母和一些亲戚。
特别注意 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
①形式不同：限制性定语从句常紧接在先行词后，主句和从句间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号隔开；as引导的非限制性定语从句还可放在主句之前。
②作用不同：限制性定语从句一般修饰名词或代词，与先行词关系密切，若去掉，则主句句意不完整。非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词、代词、短语，甚至是整个主句，与先行词关系不太密切，若去掉，主句句意仍相对完整。
Do you remember the teacher who taught us English 你记得教我们英语的那位老师吗？
He was a little tense in the presence of so many people, which was understandable. 在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。
His brother who is 19 years old is serving in the army now. 他的一个19岁的哥哥正在部队服役。（他可能不止有一个哥哥）
His brother, who is 19 years old, is serving in the army now. 他的哥哥今年19岁，正在部队服役。（他只有一个哥哥）
③关系词的使用不同：that, why只能引导限制性定语从句，且在限制性定语从句中，从句中作直接宾语的关系代词可以省略。其他的关系词可引导非限制性定语从句，且引导非限制性定语从句的关系词均不可以省略。
④翻译不同：翻译限制性定语从句时，主句和从句的衔接一般较为紧密，通常译为“……的+先行词”；翻译非限制性定语从句时，则可以将主句和从句分开翻译，整个句子一般译成两句话。
The car which he drives was bought last year. 他开的那辆车是去年买的。
He drives a new car, which was bought last year. 他开了一辆新车，那辆车是去年买的。
定向练
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.She and her family bicycle to work, _______ helps them keep fit.
which
[解析] 句意为：她和她的家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代主句的内容，并且在从句中作主语，故用which引导该从句。
2.[全国新高考Ⅱ2022·改编] Road accidents, _______ had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
which
[解析] 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Road accidents，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导该从句。
3.There is no simple answer, ___ is often the case.
as
[解析] 句意为：通常情况下，没有简单的答案。
4.____ an old saying goes, living without a clear and achievable aim is like sailing without a compass.
As
[解析] 句意为：老话说得好，生活中没有明确且可实现的目标，就像航海没有罗盘。
5.[天津2020年7月·改编] Dr.Rowan, _______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his
own typing.
whose
[解析] 句意为：罗恩博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他不得不自己做所有的打字工作。先行词为Dr.Rowan, 指人，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰secretary，应用whose引导该从句。
6.We stood at the top of the hill,_______ we could see the town.
where
[解析] 句意为：我们站在山顶上，在那里我们能看见那座小镇。先行词为the top of the hill，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。
7.We said thanks to Mr Wu, without _______ we couldn't achieve our goals.
whom
[解析] 句意为：我们向吴先生表示感谢，没有他，我们不可能实现我们的目标。先行词为Mr Wu,指人，关系词在非限制性定语从句中充当without的宾语。故填whom。
8.[全国甲2022] On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _____ lost his eyesight at the
age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
who
[解析] 句意为：在1,100千米的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹晟康穿越了3个省的40个城市和县城。分析句子可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the man Cao Shengkang，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导。故填who。
9.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory, _______ we are working.
where
[解析] 句意为：从那时起，工厂已经发生了巨大的变化，我们现在就在这家工厂工作。先行词为the factory，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。
10.The origin of facial makeup used in Peking opera can date back to more than 1,400 years ago,
______ leading actors used to wear masks.
when
[解析] 句意为：京剧脸谱的起源可以追溯到1,400多年前，当时的主要演员常常戴着面具。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示时间的more than 1,400 years ago，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
11.He is such a person who always helps others without claiming a reward, _______ makes him popular
in the community.
which
[解析] 句意为：他是一个总帮助他人却不求回报的人，这使他在社区中很受欢迎。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代主句的内容并且在从句中作主语，故用which引导该从句。
12.We really appreciate our learning environment, _______ we can have direct communication.
where
[解析] 句意为：我们很感激我们的学习环境，在这种环境中我们可以直接交流。先行词为environment，从句中缺少地点状语，表示“在这种环境中”，故填where。
13.We were grateful to Mr Marks, in _______ car we had travelled home on the rainy night.
whose
[解析] 句意为：我们很感谢马克斯先生，坐着他的车我们才能在雨夜回家。分析句子结构可知，设空处在非限制性定语从句中作定语，修饰空后的名词car，表示“马克斯先生的车”，故填whose。
14.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval （休息时间）, ______ the audience can buy ice
cream.
when
[解析] 句意为：音乐会的两部分中间有一段休息时间，观众可以在这段时间里买冰激凌。先行词为interval，从句中缺少时间状语，表示“在这段时间里”，故填when。
15.The documents are available to the younger generation of communities, from _______ the materials
were originally collected.
whom
[解析] 句意为：这些文件向社区的年轻一代开放，这些材料最初就是从他们那里收集的。先行词为the younger generation of communities，指人，关系词在从句中作介词from的宾语，故填whom。
Cobb's drawing Fischer's attention to the strangeness of the dream, which is making his subconscious look for the dreamer. 科布正设法让费希尔注意梦中的异常，所以他的潜意识开始寻找梦主了。——《盗梦空间》(共45张PPT)
Unit 1
Laugh out loud!
A good laugh is sunshine in the house.
Period Ⅰ
Starting out & Understanding ideas
敲黑板
1.课时任务：通过阅读文章，了解小丑医生这个职业，思考大笑对人体健康的积极作用；学会使用描述人的外貌以及情绪的相关词汇。
2.语篇导读：本文介绍了小丑医生的职责、日常工作、帮助的对象以及具体的工作方式等。
3.语言知识：mood, amusement, entertain, trick, employer, cheer up, health care, be in pain, do the trick, more often than not, be designed for, in turn, “名词/数词/代词/形容词最高级+介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句, who引导定语从句， It is/was… who/that… 强调句型等。
Pantomime （默剧） is an acting technique that conveys emotion through non-verbal communication. Occasionally referred to as “the art of silence”, pantomime relies on facial expressions, body language and gestures. Charlie Chaplin is perhaps the most famous actor of the silent film era to master the art of pantomime.
Charlie Chaplin was born in 1889 in London. He got his first acting job at the age of 14 while enjoying success in the music halls. Charlie Chaplin accidentally gave birth to his famous The Tramp （《流浪汉》）, which became successful instantly. In 1922, he made an art film, A Woman of Paris. Chaplin rejected talking pictures initially. He made his silent films City Lights and Modern Times later.Chaplin turned to talking pictures with The Great Dictator （《大独裁者》）.
Chaplin's art overflowed the bounds of cinema and raised the tide of history. The story of Chaplin is the success of cinema.
必刷词汇
1.circus n.________
马戏团
2.curly adj.________
卷曲的
3.badge n.______
徽章
4.ankle n.______
脚踝
5.clown n.______
小丑
6.______ n.心情派 _______ adj.闷闷不乐的;喜怒无常的
mood
moody
7.amusement n.____________联想 _______ vt.逗笑；给……提供娱乐/消遣 拓展 amusement park
________
娱乐，消遣
amuse
游乐场
8._________ v.使快乐 派 _____________ n.娱乐；供消遣的东西
entertain
entertainment
9._________ v.检查（身体） 派 ____________ n.考试；检查
examine
examination
10._____________ n.广告 联想 ①_________ v.做广告 ②___________ n.［U］广告（业） 搭配
put/place an advertisement ____________
advertisement
advertise
advertising
登一则广告
11._________ n.雇用者，雇主 联想 ①__________ n.雇员②________ vt.雇用；运用 ③____________ n.
工作；就业；受雇 ④______________ n.［U］失业；失业人数
employer
employee
employ
employment
unemployment
12._______ _____ 医疗保健
health
care
13.______ ____ （使）高兴起来，（使）振作起来
cheer
up
14.____ ____ _____ 奏效，达到预期效果
do
the
trick
15.be in pain __________
在痛苦中
16.do a great job __________
做得很好
17.more often than not ____________
通常；往往
18.be designed for ________________
为……所设计的
19.in turn ______________
反过来；转而
核心词汇
Lift the mood with a joke and explore the area.开个玩笑来放松心情并探索这个地方。教材P1
1 mood n.心情；心境；情绪；气氛；氛围
It was Christmas and everyone was in a festive mood. 当时是圣诞节，每个人都沉浸在节日的气氛中。
释义·理解
mood
①the way you are feeling
②the atmosphere in a place
&1& be in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好
be in no mood for （doing） sth/to do sth 没心情/不想做某事
be （not）/（not） feel in the mood for （doing） sth/to do sth （没）有做某事的心情/兴致
When you're in a bad mood, it will immediately improve your mood. 当你心情不好时，它会立刻使你的情绪好转。
She was very tired, and in no mood for dancing. 她累极了，无心跳舞。
We really felt in the mood for a party. 我们非常想开场派对。
&2& moody adj.闷闷不乐的；喜怒无常的
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.________ （mood） people are very difficult to deal with.
Moody
[解析] 句意为：很难与喜怒无常的人打交道。设空处修饰名词people，应用形容词。
2.I was not ___ the mood for that kind of humour after my suggestion was turned down.
in
[解析] 句意为：在我的提议被拒绝后，我没有心情领会那种幽默。be not in the mood for sth为固定搭配，意为“没有做某事的心情”。
二、根据汉语提示补全句子。
1.I am ___ ___ ______ ______ （心情好） today, for I have passed the driving test.
in
a
good
mood
2.He was ___ ____ ______ （没心情） for a chat.
in
no
mood
an amusement park 游乐场 教材P2
2 amusement n.［U］娱乐，消遣；乐趣；［C］（常用复数）娱乐活动；娱乐设施
As an amateur, he found great amusement in playing basketball. 作为一名业余爱好者，他在打篮球中找到了极大的乐趣。
&3& to one's amusement 令某人发笑/感到有趣的是
with/in amusement 愉快地
Much to my amusement, he couldn't keep his balance on his new skateboard. 令我觉得十分好笑的是，他无法在他的新滑板上保持平衡。
He paused and looked at me with amusement. 他停下来，乐呵呵地看着我。
&4& ①amuse vt.逗笑；给……提供娱乐/消遣
wo teenage boys amuse themselves with games. 两个十几岁的男孩玩游戏来自娱自乐。
②amused adj.被逗乐的；觉得好笑的
be amused by/at… 被……逗乐；因……而开心
She was very amused by/at your comments. 她被你的评论逗得开心极了。
③amusing adj.逗人发笑的；有趣的
定向练2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Big cities have many ____________ （amusement）.
amusements
[解析] 句意为：大城市有许多娱乐活动。
2.____ our amusement, the dog ran off with one of Dad's shoes in its mouth.
To
[解析] 句意为：让我们觉得好笑的是，那只狗叼着爸爸的一只鞋跑了。 to one's amusement为固定搭配，意为“令某人发笑的是”。
3.I don't find his jokes _________ （amuse）.
amusing
[解析] 句意为:我不觉得他的笑话有趣。amusing意为“有趣的；逗人发笑的”。
4.The audience were amused ______ his performance on stage.
by/at
[解析] 句意为:观众被他在舞台上的表演逗乐了。be amused by/at… 意为“被……逗乐”。
5.Sitting on a stone, he unfolded his map and checked the route to his next destination _______
amusement.
in/with
[解析] 句意为：他坐在一块石头上，高兴地打开地图查看（前往）下一个目的地的路线。
Being a clown doctor means I can help people by entertaining them. 成为一名小丑医生意味着我可以为他人带来欢乐，从而帮到他们。教材P3
3 entertain v.使快乐；招待，款待
We are entertaining our neighbours at home this evening. 今晚我们在家招待我们的邻居。
&5& entertain sb with sth 用某物使某人快乐
Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. 知识渊博的导游会讲有关总统、国会、纪念馆和公园的最有趣的故事来逗你开心。
&6& ①entertainment n.［C,U］娱乐节目；娱乐活动 ［U］招待；款待
②entertaining adj.令人愉快的；有趣的
③entertainer n.（用讲笑话、唱歌等来娱乐他人的）表演者，艺人
定向练3
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He entertained us _____ his stories and jokes.
with
[解析] 句意为：他既讲故事又说笑话来逗我们开心。entertain sb with sth为固定短语,意为“用某物使某人快乐”，故填with。
2.It is a very ___________ （entertain） film.
entertaining
[解析] 句意为：这是一部非常有趣的电影。设空处修饰名词film，应用形容词形式。
3.If you see humour as an optional form of _____________ （entertain）, you're missing some of its
biggest benefits: Humour makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem
___________ （entertain）.
entertainment
entertaining
[解析] 句意为：如果你把幽默看作是一种可有可无的娱乐形式，那你就忽略了它的一些最大好处：幽默能让长相平平的人看起来可爱，也能让呆板无趣的人看起来有趣。
On a typical day, we spend our time cheering up. .patients, their families, and more often than not, the hospital staff, too！平时，我们会花时间让病人、他们的家人，通常还有医院的工作人员快乐起来！教材P3
4 cheer up （使）高兴起来，（使）振作起来
Cheer up! It will be fine. 振作起来！不会有事的。
Telling jokes with friends or seeing a funny film will often cheer you up when you feel low. 当你情绪低落的时候，和朋友讲讲笑话或者看一部有趣的电影常常会让你振作起来。
&7& ①cheer v.欢呼；喝彩；鼓励 n.［C］欢呼（声）；喝彩（声） ［U］欢乐的气氛
cheer on 为……加油，为……打气
A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them on. 1,000名支持者涌进了体育馆为他们加油。
②cheerful adj.兴高采烈的；快乐的；乐观的；令人愉快的
Tom is a cheerful boy.He seems to be happy all the time. 汤姆是一个乐观的男孩。他看起来总是很开心。
③cheerfully adv.兴高采烈地；快乐地
定向练4
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.All the football players on the playground ________ （cheer） loudly, saying that Tom had a talent for
football.
cheered
[解析] 句意为：操场上所有的足球运动员都大声喝彩，说汤姆有足球天赋。根据had可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。
2.Interestingly, the more ________ （cheer） the music was, the faster their heart rates were.
cheerful
[解析] 句意为：有趣的是，音乐越欢快，他们的心率就越快。
3.When we watched the national flag raised at the Olympic Games on TV, we let out ___ cheer.
a
[解析] 句意为：当我们在电视上看到国旗在奥运会现场升起时，我们发出了欢呼声。
4.She greeted him __________ （cheer）.
cheerfully
[解析] 句意为：她高兴地和他打招呼。设空处修饰动词greeted，应用副词。
5.The crowd cheered their favourite rider ____.
on
[解析] 句意为：人们为他们最喜欢的骑手加油。表示“为……加油”应用cheer on。
6.If someone you know is feeling low, lend an ear to them and try to cheer them ____.
up
[解析] 句意为：如果你所认识的人情绪低落，请倾听他们的心声，试着让他们振作起来。
While the doctor concentrates on examining Lara's ankle, I get her attention by doing a magic trick. 当医生集中精力检查拉拉的脚踝时，我通过变魔术来吸引她的注意力。教材P4
5 trick
①n.［C］ 戏法；把戏；诡计；花招；恶作剧；诀窍；技巧
He amused the kids with some simple tricks. 他用一些简单的戏法逗孩子们开心。
Here are a few tricks of remembering what you read. 以下是几个记住你所读内容的诀窍。
释义·理解
trick n.
①sth you do to entertain people
②sth you do to cheat sb
③sth you do to make other people laugh
④a good method
vt.
to make sb believe sth which is not true
&8& do the trick 奏效，达到预期效果
play a trick on… 捉弄……
trick or treat 不给糖就捣乱
I don't know what it was that did the trick, but I'm definitely feeling much better. 我不知道是什么起了作用，但是我确实觉得好多了。
Sometimes the kids would play a trick on their teacher. 有时孩子们会跟老师恶作剧。
② vt.欺骗，哄骗
&9& trick sb into （doing） sth哄骗某人做某事
trick sb out of sth 从某人那里骗走某物
An advertiser might try to trick customers into buying a product or a service. 广告商可能会试图哄骗顾客购买产品或服务。
She was tricked out of her life savings. 她被骗走了一生的积蓄。
&10& tricky adj.狡猾的；诡计多端的；（工作、问题）棘手的
It's a bit tricky at first till you get the hang of it. 这件事在一开始有些棘手，直到你掌握了窍门。
定向练5
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Children like to play tricks ____ each other on April Fools' Day.
on
2.She was tricked _____ signing the paper.
into
3.The corporation ___________ （trick） out of 20 million dollars.
was tricked
二、翻译句子。
1.Can you tell me the trick of making such tasty cakes
________________________________________
你能告诉我做出这么好吃的蛋糕的诀窍吗？
2.从长期来看，那种药没有一种是奏效的。（trick）
________________________________________________
None of the medicine did the trick in the long term.
6 employer n.雇用者，雇主
He gets paid a good wage, because he works for a fair employer. 他的薪水丰厚，因为他为一位公正的老板工作。
&11& ①employ vt.雇用；使用；应用；运用
employ sb as… 雇用某人为……
employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事
be employed in （doing） sth 花时间/忙于做某事
Contractors have been employed to do a specific job. 承包商被雇来做一项特定的工作。
The entire staff are currently employed in transferring patients' records to the new system. 全体员工目前正忙于将病人的（医疗）记录转录到新的系统中。
②employment n.工作；就业；受雇
③unemployed adj.失业的 （=out of employment）
④unemployment n.［U］失业人数；失业
⑤employee n.雇员；受雇者
定向练6
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The _________ （employ） took away 100 dollars from the salary of the __________ （employ） as
a fine.
employer
employee
[解析] 句意为：雇主从那个员工的工资中扣除了100美元作为罚款。
2.With her ability, she was able to be employed ___ a waitress easily in any famous restaurant.
as
[解析] 句意为：她的能力使她能够轻易地在任何有名的餐厅里做服务员。表示“雇用某人为……”应用employ sb as… 这一固定短语，此处为其被动形式，故填as。
3.In fact, the college employed her ________ （take） over the DNA project.
to take
[解析] 表示“雇用某人做某事”应用固定搭配employ sb to do sth，故此处填动词不定式。
4.People move for various reasons: for ____________ （employ）, for a bigger house, for a better
neighbourhood.
employment
[解析] 设空处在介词for后作宾语，表示“工作；就业”，故填名词employment。
5.______________ （employ） is so damaging both to individuals and to the community.
Unemployment
[解析] 句意为：失业对个人和社会都有极大的负面影响。设空处作主语，根据语境可知，此处表示“失业”，故填名词unemployment，且此处位于句首，首字母应大写。
6.__________ （employ） in making a list of all the jobs to be done, Lily ignored her lunch.
Employed
[解析] 句意为：莉莉忙于列出所有要做的工作的清单，因此没吃午饭。be employed in doing sth意为“忙于做某事”，此处为过去分词短语作状语，且位于句首，故填Employed。
1
【句意】人们局促不安地坐在塑料椅上, 翻阅着那些以前已经被阅览过数百遍的旧杂志。教材P2
&12& “名词/数词/代词/形容词最高级+介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句
在定语从句中表示所属关系时，可用“名词/数词/代词/形容词最高级+介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句。如果关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，当先行词指人时，关系代词用whom；先行词指物时，关系代词用which。如果关系代词在从句中作定语，则用whose。
She has written a book, the name of which I have forgotten. 她写了一本书，书的名字我忘记了。
The committee consists of 20 members, five of whom are women. 这个委员会由20名成员组成，其中有5名女性。
Up to now, he has written ten novels, three of which are about country life. 迄今为止，他已经写了十部小说，其中三部是关于农村生活的。
The Amazon rainforest is home to millions of sorts of plants and animals, some of which are still being discovered today. 亚马逊雨林是数百万种动植物的家园，其中一些至今仍在被发现中。
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan Island. 中国有数千个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。
The United Nations sets up the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. 联合国设立了世界粮食计划署，其宗旨之一是缓解全球饥饿。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.The lecturers, most of _______ were scientists, were warmly welcomed by the students.
whom
[解析] 句意为：那些演讲者受到了学生们的热烈欢迎，演讲者之中大部分都是科学家。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为The lecturers，指人，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，故填whom。
2.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of _______ has been
proved.
which
[解析] 此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为theories，指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，故填which。
3.The police are investigating the company, three of _______ managers have already been arrested.
whose
[解析] 句意为：警方正在调查这家公司，该公司的三位经理已经被逮捕了。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the company，从句中缺少managers的定语，故填whose。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.我们班总共有40位学生，大多数来自大城市。
There are forty students in our class in all, ______ ___ _______ are from big cities.
most
of
whom
2.他上周去了安德森夫妇家做客，他们都待他很好。
He visited Mr and Mrs Anderson at their house last week, _____ ___ _______ were very kind to him.
both
of
whom
2
【句意】我跟值班护士谈了谈，她告诉我拉拉从自行车上摔下来之后，她的父母火急火燎地将她送到医院。教材P2
&13& who引导定语从句
who引导定语从句时，先行词指人，who在定语从句中作主语或宾语，在限制性定语从句中作宾语时一般可以省略。whom也可引导定语从句，先行词指人，whom在从句中作宾语。
Today, the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors who come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together. 如今，龙脊梯田吸引了成千上万的游客前来欣赏这个由人与自然共同创造的伟大奇迹。
The girl is familiar to me.Maybe she is the girl （who/whom） I met in the street yesterday. 这个女孩我很熟悉。也许她就是我昨天在街上遇到的那个女孩。
特别注意①当先行词是指代人的those或不定代词（someone, everybody等）时，常用who 引导定语从句。
Opportunity and luck always show appreciation of those who are bold in struggling. 机遇和运气总是眷顾那些勇于奋斗的人。
②“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词指人时，关系代词用whom，不用who。
John, for whom money is now no problem, starts a new company with his friends. 对约翰来说，现在钱不是问题，他和他的朋友们开了一家新公司。
Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of whom wanted to buy it. 上周只有两个人来看这套房子，他们俩谁也不想买。
定向练2
用who或whom填空。
1.The little boy _____ is singing there can recite quite a number of poems.
who
2.He is the actor ___________ I met yesterday.
who/whom
3.Is he the scientist _____ gives you a lot of encouragement
who
4.Many young people, most of _______ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their
dreams.
whom
5.For those _____ believe, no proof is necessary; for those _____ don't believe, no proof is possible.
who
who
[解析] 句意为：信者，无需证据；不信者，证据皆无用。
He saved over a thousand men, including the man who would become my husband as it turned out.他救了一千多人，包括后来成为我丈夫的这位。——《美国队长2》
3
【句意】虽然治疗她的伤痛要靠医生和护士，但让她感觉好受一些则是我的工作。教材P2
&14& It is/was… who/that… 强调句型
①强调句型的基本结构为：“It is/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他部分”。若被强调的是人，可用that或who;若被强调的部分是事或物，一般用that。强调句型既可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、表语和状语，也可用来强调从句，但不能用于强调句子的谓语部分。
It is not what he said but the way he did the thing that impressed me most. 给我印象最深的不是他说的话而是他做这件事的方式。（强调主语）
It was because he was ill that we decided to return home. 正是因为他生病了，我们才决定回家。（强调原因状语从句）
②强调句的一般疑问句结构为：“Is/Was it +被强调部分+who/that… ”。
Was it in Beijing that you first met him 你第一次遇见他就是在北京吗？（强调地点状语）
③强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：“疑问词+is/was it+that… ”。
Where was it that you put the book 你究竟把书放在哪里了？（强调地点状语）
④对not… until… 句型中的时间状语（从句）进行强调时，其结构为：“It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分”。
It was not until I spoke to him that he noticed me. 直到我对他讲话，他才注意到我。（强调时间状语从句）
It was not until midnight that they reached the campsite. 直到半夜他们才到达营地。（强调时间状语）
定向练3
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.It was when I got back to my apartment _____ I first came across my new neighbours.
that
[解析] 句意为：就在我回到公寓时，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。
2.It was not until I suffered hair loss _____ I realised the harm of staying up late.
that
[解析] 句意为：直到我开始脱发，我才意识到熬夜的危害。
3.It was Ann's husband _________ rushed her to a nearby hospital last night.
who/that
[解析] 句意为：昨晚，是安的丈夫把她急速送到了附近的一家医院。
4.It is only when people live on a very limited diet _____ it is necessary to make a special effort to
supply the missing vitamins.
that
[解析] 句意为：只有当人们的饮食非常受限时，才有必要特别补充缺少的维生素。
5.What is it _____ has made Tom what he is today？
that
[解析] 句意为：是什么使汤姆变成了今天这样？
6.It was in the lab __________ was taken charge of by Professor Smith _____ they did the experiment.
which/that
that
[解析] 句意为：就在由史密斯教授负责管理的实验室里，他们做了这项实验。第一个空引导定语从句，先行词为the lab，指物，且从句中缺少主语，故可填which或that；去掉It was和第二个空后，句子可还原为they did the experiment in the lab…，句子成分和语义均完整，由此判断本句为强调句，且被强调部分为地点状语，故第二个空填that。
7.Was it in the house _______ you were born _____ you experienced the earthquake
where
that
[解析] 句意为：你是在你出生的那栋房子里经历了地震吗 第一个空引导定语从句，先行词为the house，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where；去掉Was it和第二个空，句子成分和语义均完整，由此判断本句为强调句的一般疑问句形式，且被强调部分为地点状语，故第二个空填that。
8.—Where did you see him this morning
—It was in the hotel _______ he stayed.
where
[解析] 本题为易混题。答句省略了与问句相同的一部分，补充完整为It was in the hotel where he stayed that I saw him this morning.，意为“今早我是在他住的那家酒店看见他的”；如果填that则构成强调句，这时句意为“他就住在这家酒店里”，不符合语境。由此可知设空处引导定语从句，先行词为hotel，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故此题应填where。
