(共31张PPT)
Unit 3
Faster，higher，stronger
Period Ⅲ
Developing ideas & Presenting ideas & Reflection
敲黑板
1.语言知识：burst, defeat, pay off, 形容词后的宾语从句等。
2.语言技能：学会描述体育活动；能清楚描述事件的经过，描写生动，突出重点。
必刷词汇
1.spiker n.______________________________
（排球队的）扣球队员，主攻手
2.quarter-final n.______________
四分之一决赛
3.preliminary adj.________________
初步的；预备的
4.comeback n.__________
东山再起
5.semi-final n.________
半决赛
6.nerve n.________
意志力
7.ingredient n.__________________________
（完成某事的）要素，因素
8.teamwork n.____________
合作，协作
9.podium n.______________
表演台，讲台
10.tournament n.________
锦标赛
11.____ n.球网
net
12._________ n.（竞争、比赛等的）对手
opponent
13.________ n.外科手术
surgery
14._______ v.战胜，打败 n.击败，战胜
defeat
15.______ v.夺取；抓取；占领
seize
16.______ adj.生动的，逼真的
派 _______ adv.生动地，逼真地
vivid
vividly
17.assign v.____________
派 assignment n.______________________
搭配 ①assign sb to do sth ________________②assign sth to sb/assign sb sth __________________
分配，分派
（分配的）任务；作业
指派某人做某事
将某物分配给某人
18.steely adj.__________________
联想 _____ n.钢
钢铁般的；坚定的
steel
19.___________ n.合作，协作
联想 __________ v.合作，协作
cooperation
cooperate
20.intense adj.________________
派 _________ adv.紧张地
紧张的，激烈的
intensely
21.burst v.__________
搭配 ①burst onto ______________________________②burst into tears __________
突然出现
突然出现在……（指突然成功）
突然大哭
22.pay off __________
拓展 pay back ______________________
取得成功
偿还（欠款、人情等）
23.ups and downs ____________
盛衰；浮沉
核心词汇
In the 1980s, the team burst onto the international volleyball scene with several major world titles… 在20世纪80年代，这支球队在国际排球界一鸣惊人，斩获了好几场世界重大赛事的冠军……
教材P43
1 burst
① （burst,burst）vi.猛冲；突然出现 vi.& vt.（使）爆裂；（使）爆炸
The sun burst through the clouds. 太阳破云而出。
The driver lost control of his car when a tyre burst. 车胎爆裂时，司机开车失去了控制。
burst into laughter/tears=burst out laughing/crying突然大笑/大哭起来
The band burst onto the music scene in 1997. 1997年该乐队在乐坛上一炮而红。
His mother burst into tears/burst out crying and kissed the photograph. 他的母亲顿时泪如雨下，亲吻了这张照片。
&1& burst onto 突然出现在……（指突然成功）
② n.［C］破裂；爆炸；（情感的）突然爆发；突然用力
There was loud thunder following the sudden burst of light. 一道闪电骤然划过，接着雷声巨响。
&2& burst of anger/enthusiasm 怒火/热情的爆发
a burst of 突然一下；一阵
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The speech ended with ___ burst of applause.
a
2.They burst out _________ （laugh） on hearing the news.
laughing
3.She burst _____ tears at the bad news.
into
4.We drove on some broken glass and one of our tyres ______ （burst）.
burst
二、一句多译。
一听到这个幽默的故事，他们突然大笑了起来。
①On hearing the humorous story, they ______ _____ ________.
burst
into
laughter
②On hearing the humorous story, they ______ ____ _________.
burst
out
laughing
Their perseverance paid off with an epic comeback against the defending champion Brazil in the quarter-finals. 她们的坚持获得了回报，在四分之一决赛中中国女排惊人地反败为胜，淘汰了卫冕冠军巴西队。
教材P43
2 pay off 取得成功；奏效；还清债务；付清工资后解雇
To our relief, years of hard work paid off finally. 让我们欣慰的是，多年的努力终于有了回报。
I need to pay off all my debts before I leave the country. 我得在离开该国前偿清所有债务。
pay back 偿还（欠款、人情等）
pay sb back for sth 因某事而报复某人
pay for 付……的款
get paid 得到报酬
I'll pay him back for making me look like a fool in front of everyone. 他让我当众出丑，我非给他个教训不可。
I get paid monthly. 我按月领工资。
&4& payment n.［C］支付的金额 ［U］支付；付款
You are requested to use our online payment service. 请使用我们的网上付款服务。［2020年5月天津］
&3& 含有pay的其他常用短语
定向练2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Your efforts to develop good habits will pay ____ later.
off
2.It's our managing rule that _________ （pay） shall be made in cash.
payment
3.Ten years later, beyond others' expectations, the wife paid ____ all the debts that her husband left.
off
4.It gives me the chance to pay ______ the help that people gave me when I was in trouble.
back
5.Cleaning workers in big cities usually get _____ （pay） by the hour.
paid
6.Afterwards, I paid ____ my groceries and left the store.
for
Next, the Chinese team defeated the Netherlands in the semi-final matches, having lost to them in the preliminaries. 接下来，中国队在半决赛中战胜了荷兰队——之前在预赛中（中国队）曾输给过她们。
教材P43
3 defeat v.战胜，打败 n.战胜，击败；失败
We shall in no way let reason be defeated by impulse. 我们决不能让冲动战胜理智。
I never consider the possibility of . .defeat. 我从未考虑失败的可能性。
&5& defeat， beat和win的用法区别
易 混 词 用 法
defeat 表示“在战斗、比赛等中战胜/打败……”，后接竞争对手作宾语，如：defeat the competitor/the
team。
beat 表示“在比赛、竞选等中战胜/打败……”，此用法中beat可以与defeat互换。beat还可以表示“击
打；连续或反复地拍打；（心脏）跳动”，如：beat a drum。
win 表示“赢得；在……中获胜”，其宾语通常是比赛、奖品等，不接竞争对手，如：win a prize/a
game；其后还可以接表示尊重或信任的词，如：win an honour, win one's trust。
定向练3
用defeat， beat或win的正确形式填空。
1.They _____ the basketball match yesterday.
won
[解析] 句意为：他们昨天赢得了篮球比赛。
2.He was ______________ at the chess game.
defeated / beaten
[解析] defeat和beat在表示“（在竞赛中）战胜，打败（对手）”时可以互换。
3.She was ________ the dust out of the carpet when I saw her.
beating
[解析] beat在此句中表示“连续或反复地拍打”。
4.Who do you think will _____ the next election
win
[解析] win the next election意为“赢得下次的选举”。
5.My heart was________wildly when I heard the news.
beating
[解析] 指“心脏跳动”这一动作应用动词beat。
【句意】郎平深知，从球队走下领奖台的那一刻起，她们就需要重新开始为未来的新挑战做准备。
教材P44
&6& 形容词后的宾语从句
在英语中，有一部分形容词后面可以接that引导的宾语从句，且that常可省略，常见的有afraid, angry, aware, certain, confident, convinced, delighted, determined, disappointed, glad, hopeful, pleased, proud, surprised, worried等。
Before the truth was revealed, all people were convinced （that） he was innocent. 真相大白前，所有人都相信他是无辜的。
We were disappointed （that） the other guests were not coming. 其他客人不会来了，我们感到很失望。
定向练
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.What bad weather! I'm afraid _____ the trip will be cancelled.
that
[解析] 句意为：多糟糕的天气呀！我恐怕这次旅行将被取消。
2.All of us feel surprised _____ such a little boy can eat so much food.
that
[解析] 句意为：这样一个小男孩能吃这么多食物，我们都感到惊讶。
3.We are certain _____ he will get over his illness.
that
[解析] 句意为：我们确信他会痊愈的。
4.He is so _________ （delight） that he has been admitted into his ideal university.
delighted
[解析] 句意为：他很高兴自己被理想的大学录取了。
写作仿 描述体育活动
文体分析
1.文体介绍
描述体育活动通常采用记叙文文体，应描述清楚事件的经过，还原所描述的情景，文中注意交代记叙文的六要素（时间，地点，人物,事件的起因、经过、结果）。描述体育活动通常以第一、三人称叙述，时态优选一般过去时，可适当运用进行时态以突出场面的生动性。
2.篇章结构
第一部分：对体育活动进行总体介绍，内容可包括时间、地点、人物等基本要素；
第二部分：详细描写自己的所见所闻，包括体育活动进行前、进行中以及进行后的场景，描写应生动、细致，突出重点；
第三部分：从情感角度升华，描写自己的感受并展现所表达的中心思想。
素材储备
1.有关体育活动的词汇
applaud （鼓掌）, audience （观众）, reputation （名誉；名声）, tournament （锦标赛）, professional （职业的）, championship （冠军地位）, glory （荣耀）, teamwork （团队合作）, fighting spirit （斗志）, forward （前锋）, guard （后卫）, centre （中锋）, referee （裁判）, scorer （得分运动员）, commentator （实况解说员）, quarter （一节）, half （半场）, overtime （加时赛）, interval （中场休息）, commit a foul （犯规）, suspension （暂停，中止）, pass （传球）, shoot （投球）, goal （进球）， preliminary match （预赛）， semi-final match （半决赛）
2.描述体育活动的常用表达
To provide an opportunity for us to get close to... , our school organised... 为了给我们提供接近……的机会，我们学校组织了……
A wonderful... will be held in... 一场精彩的……将在……举行。
I was attracted by their amazing skills of... 我被他们精湛的……技术所吸引。
It was the most exciting moment that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的时刻。
By taking part in/watching this... , I developed a deep interest in... 通过参加/观看这个……，我对……产生了浓厚的兴趣。
...be made up of two rounds, ...dominated the game / took the lead in the first round. ……由两轮组成，……在比赛第一轮中占有优势/领先。
...in high spirits and eventually gain a narrow victory. ……情绪高涨，最终险胜。
The final score was... 最终的比分是……
I'm looking forward to watching more wonderful games like this. 我期待着能观看更多像这样精彩的比赛。
句子仿写
1.上周日我校举行了一场足球比赛。（被动语态）
________________________________________________
Last Sunday a football game was held in our school.
2.这场比赛最终的比分为4∶3。
____________________________________
The final score of the game was 4∶3.
3.最终，学生们以微弱优势获胜。
____________________________________________
Ultimately, the students gained a narrow victory.
4.通过这场比赛，我对足球产生了兴趣。
_________________________________________________
Through this game, I developed an interest in football.
5.用with复合结构合并句2和句3。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Ultimately, the students gained a narrow victory, with the final score being 4∶3./Ultimately, the final score of the game was 4∶3, with the students gaining a narrow victory.
6.用“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句合并句1和句4。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Last Sunday a football game was held in our school, through which I developed an interest in football.
模拟演练
假定你是李华，你所在的班级同三班进行了一场篮球赛，请你给你的朋友Tom写一封信介绍这场篮球赛，要点如下：
1.比赛过程；
2.比赛结果；
3.你的感想。
注意： 1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【思路引导】
【参考范文】
Dear Tom,
There was a basketball match between Class 3 and Class 4, my class, yesterday afternoon.Before the match, all the students thought Class 3 would win the match because some good players with amazing skills were in the class.When the match began, all the players devoted their efforts to the game.Students watched and shouted for their teams, which was exciting.
When the first half ended, Class 3 took the lead.However, the players in Class 4 tried their best to catch up in the second half.With the shouts “come on”, the players in Class 4 were in high spirits and managed a narrow victory.
How wonderful the match was!Looking forward to watching a game together with you.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
请总结你学到的有用表达：
【高级词汇】
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【高级句式】
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(共22张PPT)
Unit 3
Faster，higher，stronger
Period Ⅱ
Using language
敲黑板
1.语言知识：cheat, with复合结构， not only置于句首的部分倒装， the first… to do…，动名词（短语）作主语等。
2.语言技能：能恰当使用动名词（短语）作主语来介绍体育人物；能够表达同意或不同意并给出解释。
必刷词汇
1.yoga n.______
瑜伽
2.___________ adj.非凡的；不寻常的派 ___________ adv.不寻常地
remarkable
remarkably
3.______ v.欺骗，作弊 n.骗子；作弊者
搭配 ______ ____ （____）___ ____ 骗取某人某物/阻止某人得到某物
cheat
cheat
sb
out
of
sth
4.roller skating ________
滑旱冰
cheat
① vt.欺骗，蒙骗 vi.作弊
Armed with the knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. 他们用这些知识武装自己，能够进行精确到个人的诈骗活动。
&1& cheat at… （尤指在游戏中）作弊
be caught cheating 作弊被抓住
cheat sb （out） of sth 从某人那里骗得某物；（用不正当手段）阻止某人得到某物
核心词汇
Using video technology to help judge our sporting competitions can make sure that no one cheats. 使用视频技术来帮助评判体育比赛可以确保没有人作弊。
教材P39
He cheats at cards. 他玩牌爱作弊。［《牛津高阶》］
Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated o__ her money. 琼斯
是在与一位被骗钱的老妇人交谈后产生这个想法的。［2020年7月天津］
f
② n.［C］骗子；作弊者；欺诈行为
You can't use cocoa powder to make a cake instead of chocolate—it's a cheat. 你不能用可可粉代替巧克力来做蛋糕——这是骗人的行为。
定向练
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He was cheated out ___ all his possessions.
of
2.She claimed that I cheated ___ chess.
at
3.Peter was caught _________ （cheat） in the exam.
cheating
4.In another culture, he would be considered ___ cheat and may be subject to death.
a
&2& with复合结构
with复合结构为“with+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语”，常在句中作状语，表示伴随、方式、时间、条件或原因等，可位于句首，也可置于句尾。
①with+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语
He lay there thinking, with his hands behind his head. 他把双手枕在头后，躺在那里思考。（介词短语作宾补）
1
【句意】她只穿了一只鞋，光着右脚，跑完了剩余的比赛。
教材P38
②with+宾语+现在分词（表主动或正在进行）
With the tree growing tall, we got more shade. 树长高了，我们有了更多的阴凉。
③with+宾语+过去分词（表被动或完成）
The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid for a meal. 客厅干净整洁，餐桌已经摆好，就等着饭做好了。
④with+宾语+不定式（表将来动作;可用主动形式表被动含义）
With so many famous artists to perform that day, the exhibition will be a great feast for the eyes. 那天将有很多著名艺术家进行表演，这场展览将是一场视觉盛宴。
定向练1
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.With all the work ________ （finish）, they felt relaxed.
finished
2.With so many people _______ （stare） at me, I felt very nervous.
staring
3.He is sleeping with the door _______ （close）.
closed
4.With exports ________ （play） a big role in its economic growth, China has been adjusting to the
current financial changes.
playing
5.With no one _______ （talk） to, Mary felt lonely.
to talk
②With many problems ________________ （solve）, he felt worried.
to solve/unsolved
[解析] 句意为：有许多问题要解决，他感到焦虑。/有许多问题未被解决，他感到焦虑。根据句意可知，此处可表示“有问题需要被解决”，表示将来动作，应用不定式的主动形式表被动含义；此处也可表示“未解决的”，用形容词unsolved作宾语补足语。
6.①With many problems _______ （solve）, he felt satisfied.
[解析] 句意为：许多问题都解决了，他感到欣慰。根据句意可知，此处表示问题已经被解决，且solve与其逻辑主语many problems之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。
solved
2
【句意】他不仅有勇气，还比我快很多！
教材P40
&3& not only置于句首的部分倒装
只把谓语的一部分（助动词、系动词be或情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。
not only位于句首时，其所在的分句要用部分倒装，but （also）所在的分句不倒装。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more fluently. 他不仅讲得更准确，也讲得更流利了。
&4& 具有否定意义的副词（never, nor, not, hardly, barely, rarely, little, seldom, nowhere等）或含否定词的介词短语（at no time, by no means, in no case, in no way, on no condition, on no account, under/in no circumstances等）置于句首时，句子也需要用部分倒装。
Never before have I seen such a moving film. 我以前从未看过这么感人的电影。
At no time did anyone involved speak to the press. 任何相关人员都没有向记者发表过言论。
定向练2
根据汉语提示补全句子。
1.Seldom _____________________________________________ （他上学很少迟到）when he was a junior
student.
did he arrive at school late/was he late for school
2.John talked with me for about an hour yesterday.Never ____________ （我从没听到过） him talk so
much before that.
had I heard
3.Not only __________________ （他不仅学习好）, but also he is always ready to help others.
does he study well
3
【句意】在2003年，姚明成为第一位获得这个奖项的中国运动员……
教材P41
&5& the first… to do…
在the first… to do… 结构中，动词不定式（短语）作后置定语。不定式（短语）用在the first, the second, the last, the only, the next等结构或形容词最高级后，以及由其修饰的名词后作后置定语。
He was the only person to give me a hand when I was in trouble. 当我陷入困境时，他是唯一一个向我伸出援手的人。
The best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力的最佳方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。
定向练3
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.A humanoid robot named Sophia has made history by becoming the first robot in the world
______________ （award） citizenship.
to be awarded
2.The only means ____________ （overcome） it is to be united.
to overcome
3.He would be the last _________ （agree） to the plan.
to agree
4.Sharing is the best way _________ （make） friends.
to make
动名词（短语）作主语
（1）动名词具有名词的基本性质，可以在句子中充当主语，表示经常性、习惯性的动作，常置于句首。当单个动名词（短语）作主语时，句子的谓语动词通常用单数；当两个或两个以上表达不同意义的动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Delivering newspaper is his job. 他的工作是送报纸。
Seeing much, suffering much, and studying much are the three pillars of learning. 增长见闻、历经磨难、不断钻研是求学的三大支柱。
It's no good / no use/no fun doing sth 做某事没用/没意思
It was a waste of time reading that book. 读那本书就是在浪费时间。
It is useless / no use / no good reasoning with him. 跟他讲道理是没有用的。
（3）动名词（短语）还可以作there be句型的主语，其结构为：There be no + 动名词 +其他，表示“不可能……；无法……”，相当于It is impossible to do... 或No one can do...。
There is no persuading her to leave the terrible memory behind. （人们）无法劝说她把痛苦的回忆抛在身后。
（2）为使句子平衡，常用形式主语it代替动名词（短语）作主语，而将动名词（短语）置于句末。常见的句式有：
It's a waste of time doing sth 做某事是浪费时间
It's useless / worthwhile doing sth 做某事是没用的/是值得的
&6& 动名词的复合结构
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语，如形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格或名词等时，二者构成动名词的复合结构。具体形式如：①his+doing;②Tom's+doing；③him+doing;④Tom+doing。该结构作主语时，一般只用①、②两种形式。
Her coming back from abroad pleased her parents very much. 她从国外回来使她的父母非常开心。
Mary's being late for class made her teacher very angry. 玛丽上课迟到让她的老师非常生气。
I don't mind the lawyer coming. 我不介意律师过来。
She forgave him saying so. 她原谅了他这么说。
特别注意 动名词的复合结构作主语时，只能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格两种形式;作宾语或表语时，可用上述四种形式中的任何一种。
We are looking forward to his / him / Tom's / Tom coming to deliver a speech to us. 我们盼望着他/汤姆来给我们做演讲。
定向练
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It's no use ____________ （complain） without taking action.
complaining
2.Peter's _______ （sail） across the Atlantic Ocean in five days is remarkable.
sailing
3.I really appreciate your ________ （offer） help to me, but I am sure that I can manage by myself.
offering
二、用括号内单词的正确形式完成语段。
Li Hua is addicted to .（search） information on the Internet. His . （surf） the
Internet makes his mother worried and she advises him to use it properly, but it is no use .
（persuade） him because he won't listen. This is what his job requires. His mother wants him to change
his job, but he likes it and enjoys it. .（stay） up late has become his habit. There is no way
for him to change, otherwise he will not finish the task assigned by the leader. In my opinion, it is no
good .（live） so busy a life. .（work） hard is one thing and .（have） a
good rest is another. There is no .（deny） that we should form a good habit.
searching
surfing
persuading
Staying
living
Working
having
denying(共38张PPT)
Unit 3
Faster，higher，stronger
Period Ⅰ
Starting out & Understanding ideas
敲黑板
1.课时任务：通过阅读课文，了解斯蒂芬·库里的成功历程；通过归纳关键词，总结斯蒂芬·库里成功的重要因素，把握作者的写作意图，同时学习这种努力、坚韧的体育精神。
2.语篇导读：文章用斯蒂芬·库里的爷爷做的旧篮筐引入，以时间顺序讲述斯蒂芬的成功之路：从童年时的独自摸索，到中学时的坚持不懈，最终到加入NBA后取得的辉煌成就。
3.语言知识：association, attach, sharpen, expectation, carry on, attach… to, set out, follow in one's footsteps, beyond one's expectations, 表语从句，介词后的宾语从句, that引导的同位语从句等。
奥运会体育图标
必刷词汇
1.shiny adj.____________________
光滑发亮的，闪光的
2.backboard n.______
篮板
3.bump n.__________
隆起之处
4.bounce v.________________________
（使）弹起，（使）反弹
5.teammate n.______
队友
6.warrior n.____________
武士，战士
7.hoop n.__________________
（篮球中的）篮圈
8.self-belief n.______
自信
9.___________ n.协会，社团；关系；联系
联想 _________ vt.联想；联系 n.同事；（生意）伙伴
association
associate
10._______ adj.沾满泥的，泥泞的
联想 _____ n.泥；淤泥
muddy
mud
11.shot n.________________________
搭配 take a shot at ________________
投球，射球，击球；开枪
朝……开了一枪
12.________ v.使提高，使改进；（使）变得锋利；（使感觉等）加强
联想 ①______ adj.锋利的；敏锐的；急剧的；刺耳的 ②________ adv.急剧地；严厉地
sharpen
sharp
sharply
13.footstep n.______________
搭配 follow in one's footsteps ______________________________________
脚步声；足迹
仿效某人；继承某人（尤指家人）的事业
14.___________ n.预料，预期
联想 _______ vt.期望；预料
搭配 ________ ______ ____________ 超出某人的预期
expectation
expect
beyond
one's
expectations
15.philosophy n.__________
派 philosopher n.________
人生哲学
哲学家
16.a far cry from ________________
与……大不相同
17.give way ______________
倒塌，向下垮
18.carry on ______
拓展 carry out ____________
继续
实施，实行
19.in a row ________
连续地
1 association n.协会，社团；关系；联系；联想
He has an eye for beauty and a heart for associations. 他有审美的眼光和富于联想的心。
&1& in association with... 与……联合/合伙
核心词汇
A far cry from the bright lights and shiny courts of the National Basketball Association （NBA）, it was along this road that Stephen's grandfather built a simple basket by attaching a piece of plastic to a telephone pole. 这里与美国职业篮球联赛（NBA）赛场上明亮的灯光和耀眼夺目的场地相去甚远，但正是在这条路上，斯蒂芬的爷爷把一块塑料固定在电线杆上，造出了一个简易篮筐。
教材P34
The book was published in association with English Heritage. 这本书是与英国文化遗产保护协会联合出版的。［《牛津高阶》］
&2& associate vt.联想；联系 n.同事；（生意）伙伴
associate... with... 把……和……联系到一起
be associated with... 和……有关/有瓜葛
associate with sb 与某人交往；和某人混在一起
business associates 生意伙伴
The two are not necessarily associated with each other. 这两者没有必然的联系。
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I always associate the scene _____ freezing weather and a muddy road.
with
2.She set up an ___________ （associate） to help the blind.
association
3.I don't like you associating _____ such people.
with
4.There is a proven ___________ （associate） between passive smoking and cancer.
association
5.These symptoms are particularly __________ （associate） with headaches.
associated
2 attach vt.固定；连接；系；贴；附上；和……在一起 vt.&vi.（使）与……有关联
释义·理解
attach
①to fasten or join one thing to another
②to join sb for a time
③to be connected with sb/sth Engineers are creating microcomputers to attach the whole world.
工程师们正在创造微型计算机，以此来连接整个世界。
&3& attach... to... 把……附到/贴到……上
attach importance / significance to... 重视……；认为……重要
I attached a photo to my application form. 我在我的申请表上贴了一张照片。
All countries attach great significance to the introduction of new technology and equipment. 所有国家都很重视引进新技术、新设备。
&4& ①attached adj.附属的；依恋的
be attached to喜欢；依恋；附属于
The research unit is attached to the university. 这个研究单位附属于该大学。
②attachment n.附件；附属物；依恋，爱慕
定向练2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.She attached a cheque ___ the order form.
to
[解析] 句意为：她在订货单上附了一张支票。
2.She attached much importance ___ education.
to
[解析] 句意为：她非常重视教育。attach importance to... 为固定短语，意为“重视……”。故填to。
3.Senior citizens and people with disabilities will be able to “go” anywhere in the world using high-tech
cameras________ （attach） to their heads.
attached
[解析] 句意为：通过使用戴在头上的高科技摄像机，老年人和残障人士将能够“去”世界的任何地方。attach与其所修饰词high-tech cameras之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填attached。
4.The hospital ________ （attach） to the medical college nearby was rebuilt after the earthquake.
attached
[解析] 句意为：附属于附近医学院的那所医院在地震后重建了。此处应用形容词attached，意为“附属的”，作hospital的定语。
In this way, practising day in and day out helped Stephen sharpen his skills. 通过这种方式日复一日地练习，斯蒂芬提高了自己的球技。
教材P35
3 sharpen v.使提高，使改进；（使）变锋利
I hope this course will help me sharpen my computer skills. 我希望这门课程能帮助我提高计算机技能。
&5& ①sharp adj.敏锐的；锋利的；（变化）急剧的，猛烈的；响亮的；严厉的 adv.（指时刻）整；向左/右急转弯
be sharp with sb 对某人严厉
Through all the noise came a sharp warning cry. 嘈杂声中传来一声响亮的警告声。
We're meeting at 2 o'clock sharp. 我们将在2点整会面。
You turn sharp right at the crossroads. 到十字路口时，你要向右急转弯。［《朗文当代》］
He was very sharp with me when I was late. 我迟到了，让他狠狠训了一通。［《牛津高阶》］
②sharply adv.急剧地；大幅度地；严厉地
定向练3
一、用sharp的正确形式填空。
1.Over the last 30 years, the number of people taking part in volunteer work has increased ________.
sharply
[解析] 修饰谓语has increased应用副词形式，此处表示“急剧地”，故填sharply。
2.The sales manager of the company is doing a course to ________ his business skills.
sharpen
[解析] 本句中的to为不定式符号，该动词不定式短语作目的状语，to后应接动词原形，此处表示“使提高”，故设空处填sharpen。
二、翻译句子。
1.A workman must sharpen his tools if he is to do his work well.
__________________________
工欲善其事，必先利其器。
2.I was aroused from a sound sleep by sharp knocks on the door.
________________________________
猛烈的敲门声把我从酣睡中唤醒。
But Stephen carried on. 但斯蒂芬坚持了下去。
教材P35
4 carry on 继续
&6& carry on （doing sth） 继续（做某事）
carry on with sth 继续某事
If Tim carries on working like this, he will break down sooner or later. 如果蒂姆继续这样工作，他迟早会垮掉的。
She is determined to carry on with her education. 她下定决心继续她的学业。
&7& ①carry out 履行；实施；进行
They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation. 我们进行调查研究的那几个月他们刚好在国外。
②carry sth through 顺利完成；（克服困难后）把……进行到底
It's a difficult job but she's the person to carry it through. 这是一项艰巨的工作，但她正是那个使其顺利完成的人。
定向练4
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.She stopped to get her breath back and then carried on ________ （run）.
running
[解析] 句意为：她停下来喘口气，然后继续跑。carry on doing sth为固定用法，意为“继续做某事”。
2.The car is broken. They are carrying ____ urgent repairs.
out
[解析] 句意为：汽车坏了，他们正在进行紧急修理。carry out意为“进行”。
3.Carry on_____ the work while I'm away.
with
[解析] 句意为：我不在的时候请继续这项工作。carry on with sth意为“继续某事”，符合语境。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.我被派去查看在过去两年内，发展计划是如何实施的。
I was sent to see how the development plan ___________________ in the past two years.
had been carried out
2.他要求我们帮助他完成他的计划。
He asked us to assist him in _______________________.
carrying through his plan
He performed beyond everyone's expectations with his accurate shooting and continuous efforts. 凭借精准的投篮和不懈的努力，他的表现令所有人刮目相看。
教材P36
5 expectation n.预料，预期；期望，指望（一般用复数）
&8& out of/beyond sb's expectations 出乎某人的意料/超出某人的预期
live up to/meet （sb's） expectations 不负（某人的）期望
in （the） expectation of 预料；期待
Out of my expectations， people here don't have the habit of shaking hands, not even in formal meetings. 出乎我意料的是，这儿的人都没有握手的习惯，甚至在正式会议中也是如此。
The owner of the house is unwilling to sell it in expectation of a better price. 屋主不愿卖掉房子，他期待会有更好的价格。
&9& expect vt.期待；预料，预计；要求，期望；料想
expect （sb/sth） to do sth 期望/预料（某人/某物）做某事
as expected 按计划进行；不出所料
The more you read, the more clearly you will know what life you expect to live. 书读得越多，你会越清楚自己想拥有怎样的人生。
定向练5
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.In ___________ （expect） of a traffic jam， I decided to walk.
expectation
[解析] 句意为：预料会交通堵塞,我决定步行。
2.The concert didn't live up to our____________ （expect）.
expectations
[解析] 句意为：这场音乐会有负众望。
3.People expect _______ （get） rewarded from reading news.
to get
[解析] 句意为：人们期望从阅读新闻中得到回报。
4.The plan goes much ___ expected.
as
[解析] 句意为：这项计划如期进行。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
西湖的春景要比他所预想的更加美丽。
The beauties of the West Lake in spring were ________ ____ ____________.
beyond
his
expectations
I never really set out to change the game… 我从未真正试图改变这项运动……
教材P36
6 et out 打算，试图；动身，出发；开始
&10& set out to do sth 着手做某事（= set about doing sth）；打算做某事
set out for动身去
On arriving at the village, the professor set out to study / set about studying the customs of the natives. 一到这个村庄，教授就着手研究当地居民的风俗习惯。
&11& 含有set的其他常用短语
set off 出发；动身；使爆炸；引发
set up 建立；创立；设立
set aside 留出（金钱、时间等）（+for）；暂不考虑
set down 写下；记下
定向练6
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.He would always set ______ new ideas that occurred to him.
down
2.Hearing the news, they immediately set out ____the railway station.
for
3.The school has set ____ a special class to help those learners.
up
4.In much of his daily routine, Sunday is the time set ______ for coffee—pure and simple.
aside
5.Opening the door will set ____ the alarm.
off
1
【句意】正是在这里他学会了成为一名有创造性、能够灵活变通的球员，尽管当时的他可能并没有意识到这一点。
教材P34
&12& 表语从句
表语从句位于连系动词后，在复合句中作主句的表语成分，常接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, appear, remain等。表语从句的连接词分为从属连词（that, whether等）、连接代词（what, who, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等）和连接副词（how, when, where, why）。注意：从属连词在句中只起连接作用，不作成分；连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等；连接副词在从句中作状语。
The question is whether you can afford it. 问题是你是否买得起。
After ten years' absence she came back, only to find her old house was not what it used to be. 她离家10年，回来后却发现她的老房子已经变了样。
His doubt is just why you have given up the opportunity. 他的疑问正是在于你为何放弃了那个机会。
特别注意
①because和why引导表语从句时，主语一般为it, this或that。常用句型：It / This / That is why… （从句表结果）；It / This / That is because… （从句表原因）。
We got up late. This is why we missed the early bus. 我们起晚了。这就是我们错过早班车的原因。
We missed the early bus. This is because we got up late. 我们错过了早班车。这是因为我们起晚了。
②当主语为reason时，其后常接why引导的定语从句 ，表语从句一般用that引导。常用句型：The reason why… is that…。
The reason why he failed the interview is that he lack confidence. 他面试失败的原因是他缺乏信心。
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.The best moment for the football star was ______ he scored the winning goal.
when
[解析] 句意为：对这位足球明星来说，最好的时刻是他踢进制胜一球的时候。
2.Faced with difficulties, you should believe your confidence is ______ makes a difference.
what
[解析] 句意为：面对困难时，你应该相信你的自信会帮你渡过难关。设空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的东西”，故用what。
3.From space, the earth looks blue.This is ________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered
by water.
because
[解析] 句意为：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为大约71%的地表被水覆盖。because引导表语从句时，从句表示原因。
4.What some students are not aware of is _____ difficult life can be if they are not devoted to study.
how
[解析] 句意为：一些学生没有意识到的是，如果他们不专心学习，生活会有多困难。how引导表语从句，在从句中作程度状语。
5.As John Lennon once said, life is ______ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
what
[解析] 句意为：正如约翰·列侬曾经所说，生活就是当你忙于制订其他计划时发生在你身上的事情。
6.—When choosing furniture, you only focus on function while I think more about the design.
—That's _______ we differ.
where
[解析] 句意为：——在选择家具时，你只注重功能，而我更注重设计。——这就是我们的不同之处。
—You've told me this story. 这个故事你早就和我讲过了。
—Which is why tonight I will tell you a new one, a story of our people, and my days of battle. 所以今天晚上我会给你讲一个新的故事，这个故事是关于我们的族人以及我以往的战斗岁月的。——《神奇女侠》
2
【句意】最终，他进入了一所规模较小、名不见经传、距离他的住处不远的学校——戴维森学院，成了一名大学篮球赛的队员。
教材P35
&13& 介词后的宾语从句
在主句中充当宾语的从句被称为宾语从句，介词（短语）on, of, about, at, to, from, over, as to, than等后均可以接宾语从句。
The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins first place in the bicycle race. 金牌将会被颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的选手。
Whether we can succeed depends on how well we cooperate.我们能否成功取决于我们合作得有多好。
特别注意 that引导的宾语从句，除了几个表示“除……之外”的介词（except, but, besides）之外，不可直接作介词的宾语，但可跟在形式宾语it之后，作介词真正的宾语。
I know nothing about him except that he lives next door. 我对他一无所知，只知道他住在隔壁。
I'm counting on it that you will come. 我正期望着你会来。
定向练2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.His speech is so confusing that it's difficult to make out ______ he is trying to express.
what
[解析] 句意为：他的演讲很混乱，以至于听众很难弄清楚他试图表达什么。
2.This still leaves the question of ____________ local public services should be improved in the next
five years.
whether/how
[解析] 句意为：这仍然留下了一个问题，即地方公共服务是否应该/应该如何在未来五年内得到改善。介词后宾语从句的引导词表示“是否”时，只能用whether，不可用if。此处还可用how，在从句中作方式状语。
3.The 5G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to _________ wants to get information
through the Internet quickly.
whoever
[解析] 句意为：对任何想通过因特网快速获取信息的人来说，5G手机一定很有用处且方便快捷。
4.I shall see to it _____ he is taken good care of when you are absent.
that
[解析] 句意为：当你不在的时候，我保证他会被照顾得很好。
3
【句意】斯蒂芬·库里激励着他人去相信自己，他就是一个活生生的例子，证明了别人对你的看法并不一定会影响你成为什么样的人。
教材P36
&14& that引导的同位语从句
从属连词that引导同位语从句时，常跟在某些抽象名词（如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility, chance, doubt, question等）之后，对前面的名词所表示的内容进行说明。
One day, he came up with an idea that he could pluck up all of his crop a few inches. 一天，他想到了一个主意，即他可以把所有的庄稼都拔起几英寸。
Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body. 科学家们已经获得更多证据，证明塑料正在进入人们的体内。
特别注意
某些名词（如demand, wish, suggestion, request等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
We'd better accept his suggestion that we （should） make good use of every minute. 我们最好接受他的建议，充分利用好每一分钟。
&15& 同位语从句也可以由连接代词（who，what，which）、连接副词（how，when，where，why）或从属连词whether来引导。
I have no idea where I should go. 我不知道我该去哪里。
Do you have any idea what is actually going on in the classroom 你知道教室里到底发生了什么事情吗？
There is some doubt whether he will come in time. 他能否及时赶到尚有疑问。
定向练3
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.我持有一种信念：人类要与野生动物和平共处。
I hold a belief ___________________________________________ with wild animals.
that human beings should live in peace/harmony
2.经理提出一个建议，说我们应该有一个助手。
The manager put forward a suggestion __________________________________.
that we （should） have an assistant
3.我不知道他什么时候回来。
I have no idea _______________________.
when he will come back
