(共28张PPT)
Unit 1
Food matters
Period Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
敲黑板1.语言知识：impress, scenery, throw oneself into, so that引导目的状语从句，not only置于句首的部分倒装等。
2.语言技能：理解并掌握动词不定式（短语）作主语和表语的用法和功能。
必刷词汇
1.________ vt.提高，增强
enhance
2.______ n.牛排；肉排，肉块
steak
3._____ n.平锅，平底锅
pan
4.______ n.自助餐
buffet
5._____ n.（海或湖的）湾
bay
6.________ n.风景，景色；舞台布景
scenery
7.____ n.打赌，赌注；预计，估计 vi.& vt.（过去式 ____，过去分词 ____，现在分词 _______） 下赌注，
打赌；敢说
bet
bet
bet
betting
8.___________ n.气氛，氛围；大气；气体；空气
atmosphere
9._____ vt.& vi.用沸水煮；（使）沸腾 派 ①_______ adj.炽热的；很热的 ②_______ adj.煮沸的；煮熟
的 拓展 _______ ______ 开水
boil
boiling
boiled
boiled
water
10.____ vt.& vi.油炸，油煎 派 ______ adj.油炸的，油煎的 拓展 ______ ________ 炸鸡
fry
fried
fried
chicken
11.________ vt.& vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到 派 ① __________adj.令人钦佩的；给人以
深刻印象的②___________ n.印象；感想
impress
impressive
impression
12.______ ________ _____ 投身于，热衷于
throw
oneself
into
核心词汇
As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet, the latest restaurant in the city centre.只要你不恐高，市中心最新的天空自助餐厅就会给你留下深刻印象。 教材P7
1 impress vt.& vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到
What impresses me about his painting is the colour he uses.他在画作中使用的颜色给我留下了深刻印象。
&1& impress sb with/by sth 某物使某人印象深刻
impress sth on/upon sb 使某人了解某事（的重要性或严重性）
He impressed her with his sincerity.他的真诚打动了她。
The doctor impressed the need for an immediate operation on. .the patient.医生让患者意识到立刻接受手术的必要性。
&2& ①impression n.印象；感想
leave/make a（n）… impression on sb 给某人留下……的印象
first impression 第一印象
What impression does a person's handwriting make on other people 一个人的字迹会给他人留下什么样的印象？
My first impression of him was favourable.他给我的第一印象不错。
②impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；令人钦佩的
He has given an impressive performance.他的表演令人印象深刻。
③impressed adj.（对……）钦佩，敬仰，有深刻的好印象
I must admit I am impressed.我得承认我很佩服。
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.She gives the ___________ （impress） of being a hard worker.
impression
[解析] 设空处前有定冠词the，后有介词of，且give在此处为及物动词，后面应接名词作宾语。give the impression of… 意为“给人……的印象”。
2.I was very __________ （impress） by one young man at my lectures.
impressed
[解析] 句意为：我对来听我课的一个年轻人印象很深。be impressed by… 意为“对……有深刻的印象”。
3.What was so __________ （impress） about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the
marathon barefoot.
impressive
[解析] 句意为：贾丝明·韦斯特兰的成功如此令人印象深刻是因为她在马拉松比赛中赤足夺得了第一名。分析句子结构可知，此处需要用形容词在主语从句中作表语，表示“令人印象深刻的”。
4.Father impressed ________ me the value of hard work.
on/upon
[解析] 句意为：父亲让我明白努力工作的重要意义。impress sth on/upon sb意为“使某人了解某事的重要性/严重性”。
5.Her speech made ___ good impression on the audience.
a
[解析] 句意为：她的演讲给听众留下了好印象。make a（n）… impression on sb为固定搭配，意为“给某人留下……的印象”。
6.Deeply __________ （impress） by her performance, the audience cheered with admiration.
impressed
[解析] 句意为：由于对她的表演印象非常深刻，观众们赞叹地欢呼起来。
Better still, its entire seating area turns slowly and it is enjoyable to see the scenery outside while having your meal.更妙的是，它的整个座位区会慢慢旋转，这样你在用餐时就能愉快地欣赏外面的风景了。
教材P7
2 scenery n.风景，景色；舞台布景
There is no scenery comparable to that of the West Lake.西湖之景无与伦比。
&3& scene n.（某地或图画中的）景象；（戏剧中的）一场；（电影、书等中的）场景；现场;圈子；……界
on the scene 在现场
He photographed a wide range of street scenes.他拍摄了丰富多彩的街景。
Thick black smoke rose over the scene.在这一场景中，浓浓的黑烟滚滚升起。
The scenes of fights between Jiaolong and Xiulian are some of the most exciting moments in modern films.娇龙和秀莲的打斗场景是现代电影中一些最为精彩的时刻。
Thousands of repairmen are on the scene and hope to restore the telephone service soon.数千名修理工在现场工作，希望能尽快恢复电话服务。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I called the police and they were ____ the scene within minutes.
on
[解析] 句意为：我报了警，警察几分钟内就赶到了现场。
2.The ________ （scene） along the river is amazing.
scenery
[解析] 句意为：河边的风景极美。
二、翻译句子。
1.The movie begins with a scene in a New York apartment.
________________________________
该电影以纽约某公寓的一幕开场。
2.The Beatles became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.
____________________________________________
披头士乐队成了英国流行音乐界最热门的人物。
1
【句意】它们由用户上传，并提供了详细的说明，以便其他人可以一步一步地跟着它们操作。 教材P6
&4& so that引导目的状语从句
①so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，为了”，可以换成in order that。从句谓语常含有may, can, could等情态动词。so that引导的从句一般不位于句首，但in order that引导的从句可置于句首，表示强调。
He pretended that he was ill so that/in order that he could stay at home.他假装生病以便能待在家里。
In order that we can get a complete picture, further information is needed.为了能掌握全部情况,我们需要更多的资料。
②当从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致时，从句可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语，作状语，常用to do/in order to do/so as to do。注意：in order to引导目的状语时，可置于句首、句中和句尾；so as to引导目的状语时，一般置于句尾。
We got up early so that we could get there on time.=We got up early to get there on time.=We got up early in order to/so as to get there on time.我们起得早，以便能准时到那儿。
特别注意 so that也可引导结果状语从句,意为“因此；结果”，可用逗号与主句隔开。so that引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别：so that引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语部分常有情态动词may, can, could等；so that引导结果状语从句时，从句的谓语部分一般没有情态动词。
There is very little gravity in the space station so that things float around.空间站内几乎没有引力，所以物品到处飘浮。
定向练1
一、用so that或in order that填空。
1.Cathy quit her job when her son was born___________________ she could stay home and raise her baby.
so that/in order that
2.He didn't plan his time well, ________ he didn't finish work in time.
so that
[解析] 句意为：他没有计划好时间，结果没及时完成工作。so that引导结果状语从句。
[解析] 句意为：凯茜在她的儿子出生时辞职了，以便能在家里照顾宝宝。so that/in order that意为“以便”，引导目的状语从句。
二、一句多译。
为了避免堵车，他很早就离开了。
①_____________ he could avoid the traffic jam, he left early.
In order that
②He left early ___________________ he could avoid the traffic jam.
so that/in order that
③He left early _____________________ avoid the traffic jam.
in order to/so as to/to
④______________ avoid the traffic jam, he left early
In order to/To
2
【句意】在家做饭不仅更便宜，而且我正好能做自己想吃的东西。 材料P6
&5& not only置于句首的部分倒装
只把谓语的一部分（助动词、系动词be或情态动词）置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。not only位于句首，其所在的分句要用部分倒装，but （also）所在的分句不倒装。注意：如例句所示，当not only所在分句的谓语动词为is/was时，分句只能用全部倒装。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more fluently.他不仅讲得更准确，也讲得更流利了。
具有否定意义的副词（never, nor, hardly, barely, rarely, little, seldom, nowhere等）或含否定词的介词短语（at no time, by no means, in no case, in no way, on no condition, on no account, under/in no circumstances等）置于句首时，句子需要用部分倒装。
Never before have I seen such a moving film.我以前从未看过这么感人的电影。
Little does he realize how important this meeting is.他没有意识到这个会议有多重要。
At no time did anyone involved speak to the media.任何相关人员都没有向媒体发表过言论。
定向练2
一、根据汉语提示补全句子。
1.Seldom ____________________________________________ （他上学很少迟到）when he was a junior.
did he go to school late或was he late for school
2.John talked with me for about an hour yesterday.Never ____________ （我从没听到过） him talk so
much.
had I heard
3.Not only __________________ （他不仅学习好）, but also he is always ready to help others.
does he study well
二、用倒装结构改写句子。
1.I will no longer believe a word you say.
→______________________________________
No longer will I believe a word you say.
2.I have seldom met such a determined person in my life.
→___________________________________________________
Seldom have I met such a determined person in my life.
3.Theories could never do without practice.
→_____________________________________
Never could theories do without practice.
1 动词不定式（短语）作主语
动词不定式（短语）作主语，多表示比较具体的、个别的、一次性的或具有将来意义的行为，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
动词不定式（短语）作主语时，有以下两种形式：
（1）把不定式（短语）置于句首。
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.我们骑自行车到那儿需要半个小时。
（2）用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的不定式（短语）后置。常用于以下结构中：
①It+be+名词（短语）+to do sth
②It takes/took sb+some time+to do sth
③It+be+形容词+for sb+to do sth
④It+be+形容词+of sb+to do sth
It's our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是我们的责任。
How long did it take you to finish the work
你花了多长时间来完成这项工作？
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.在十五分钟内写完这篇作文对我们来说很难。
It is stupid of you to make such a mistake.你犯这样的错误，真是愚蠢。
特别注意 动名词（短语）也可作主语，但其多表示一般性的、抽象的、重复性的动作或状态。
Reading poems gives me much pleasure.读诗给我带来很多乐趣。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It took years of work __________ （reduce） the industrial pollution and clean the water.
to reduce
2.________ （walk） is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old.
Walking
3.To do this ___ to cut the feet to fit the shoes.
is
4.___ is hard for him to admit his mistakes.
It
5.It was selfish ___ him not to share his dictionary with others.
of
6._________ （finish） the task will take a long time.
To finish
二、翻译句子。
1.解决住房问题是很重要的。
_______________________________________________________________
It is very important/of great importance to solve the housing problem.
2.做这项工作花了我三个小时。
___________________________________
It took me three hours to do this job.
2 动词不定式（短语）作表语
动词不定式（短语）作表语通常用来说明主语的具体内容（职业、职责或性质等），也可以表示目的、愿望等。
动词不定式（短语）作表语时，常见的主语有aim, ambition, duty, hope, idea, intention, plan, purpose, suggestion及what引导的主语从句等。
A college counsellor's duty is to help students adjust to college life.大学辅导员的职责是帮助学生适应大学生活。
His ambition is to become an actor.他的理想是成为一名演员。
特别注意 ①常见的后接动词不定式（短语）作表语的系动词有appear, seem, prove等。
Our English teacher seems to have known the secret.我们的英语老师好像已经知道这个秘密了。
The design proved to be a success.那个设计后来证明很成功。
②当主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式时，作表语的不定式（短语）通常省略to。
All I can do now is keep silent.我现在所能做的就是保持沉默。
定向练2
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I've had many dreams since I was a child. Now my dream is ________ （open） a café.
to open
[解析] 句意为：我从小就有很多梦想。现在我的梦想是开一间咖啡馆。
2.Well done! The students seemed _______________ （impress） by your wonderful speech.
to be impressed
[解析] 句意为：做得不错！你精彩的演讲似乎给学生留下了深刻印象。
3.—Mark, I failed in the exam again.I'm so upset.
—Don't worry.I think the first thing to do is ____________ （find） out your weak points.
（to） find
[解析] 设空处作表语，从句的主语部分含有to do，作表语的不定式常省略to。(共55张PPT)
Unit 1
Food matters
Period Ⅰ
Welcome to the unit & Reading
敲黑板
1.课时任务：通过阅读文章，了解“治愈系食物”的定义、功能及意义；学会从语境中精确找出所给的新概念的定义；能介绍自己的“治愈系食物”。
2.语篇导读：很多人都有自己的“治愈系食物”。“治愈系食物”通常与积极的情感相联系，承载着我们对儿时、故土、家人等的美好回忆，是我们的精神食粮。
3.语言知识：mood, combination, trick, association, vary, link, relieve, do the trick, make up for, cry out for, “no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句及it作形式主语，不定式（短语）作真正主语等。
Guess What Americans' Favorite Comfort Food Is
If I were to ask you what Americans' favorite comfort food is, there should be those among you who would probably answer macaroni and cheese, chocolate, burgers and fries, or even popcorn.
All of those are good, solid guesses, but according to a recent survey conducted by The Harris Poll, none of them is the correct answer.In actuality, Americans' favorite comfort food is… Pizza!
Nearly 15 percent of the 2,252 adults surveyed by Harris listed pizza as their top comfort food, more than twice as many as those who said chocolate （7 percent） or ice cream （7 percent） and still more than those who said macaroni and cheese （5 percent）, chips （4 percent）, hamburgers （3 percent）, steak （3 percent）, or either popcorn, pasta or Mexican food （2 percent）.
必刷词汇
1.________ （AmE _______） n.味，味道；特点，特色
vt.给……调味，加味于
flavour
flavor
2._______ n.（饭后）甜点，甜食
dessert
3.saucer n.____________________
碟状物，茶碟，茶托
4.vinegar n.____
醋
5._____ adj.酸的，有酸味的；馊的 vi.& vt.（使）变坏；变味，酸腐
sour
6.______ n.纽带，联系；连接，结合
bond
7._________ vt.产生，引起
generate
8._______ n.卡，卡路里；千卡
calorie
9._______ vt.& vi.消化；领会，理解 n.摘要，文摘
digest
10.____________ n.结合体，联合体；联合，混合 联 想 _________ v.（使）结合，组合，联合混合，搭
配 _________ ___ _________ ___ 把A与B结合起来
combination
combine
combine
A
with/and
B
11.________ adj.含奶油的；像奶油的，光滑细腻的；淡黄色的 联 想 _______ n.奶油;乳脂；精华；护肤
霜
creamy
cream
12.________ adv.贪婪地，贪心地 联 想①_______ adj.贪婪的，贪心的 ②______ n.贪婪；贪心；贪欲
greedily
greedy
greed
13._______ adv.轻柔地，温和地联 想 _______ adj.温柔的；细心的；温和的
gently
gentle
14.___________ n.联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往 联 想 _________ vt.联想；联系 搭 配
_________ sth _____ sth 把某事（物）与某事（物）联系起来
association
associate
associate
with
15._____ vi.（根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变 派 ①________ adj.各种各样的 ②
_______n.（同一事物的）不同种类，多种式样；多样化
vary
various
variety
16.________ n.情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪
派 __________ adj.感情的；情感的；情绪的
emotion
emotional
17.______ adj.咸的，含盐的 联 想 _____ n.盐；食盐
salty
salt
18._______ vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解 联 想 ______ n.（不快过后的）宽慰，轻松；解脱;（疼痛或不
快的）缓解 搭 配 ___ ______ ______ 令某人宽慰的是
relieve
relief
to
one's
relief
19.________ n.安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证 联想 _______ adj.安心的；有把握的;牢靠的；
稳固的
security
secure
20.______ vt.降低，减少；把……放低，使……降下 adj.下面的；在底部的；低洼的联 想 _____ adj.低
的；下方的；在底部的
lower
low
21.______ n.循环；自行车，摩托车 vi.骑自行车
派________ n.骑自行车运动（或活动）
cycle
cycling
22.______ n.情绪，心情；气氛，氛围搭配 ____ ___ ___ _________ ______ 心情好/不好
mood
be
in
a
good/bad
mood
23._____ vt.联系，相关联；把……连接起来 n.联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接 搭 配 ____ _______
_______ 与……联系/连接起来
link
be
linked
to/with
24._______ n.出生于某国（或某地）的人；本地人 adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的；土产的 搭配 ①____
_______ ___ 原产于…… ②_______ ________ 说母语的人
native
be
native
to
native
speaker
25.____ ____ _____ 奏效，起作用，达到目的
do
the
trick
26.____ ____ ____ 迫切需要
cry
out
for
核心词汇
No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits.
不论我的心情有多糟，那种完美的组合总是足以让我精神振奋。
教材P2
1 mood n.情绪，心情；气氛，氛围
It was Christmas and everyone was in a holiday mood当时是圣诞节，每个人都沉浸在节日的气氛之中。
释义·理解
mood
①the way you are feeling
②the atmosphere in a place or among people?
&1& be in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好
be in no mood for sth/to do sth 没心情/不想做某事
be in the mood for sth/to do sth 有做某事的心情/兴致
be in a mood 情绪不好
You're in a good mood this morning! 你今早心情不错啊！
She was very tired, and in no mood for dancing.她累极了，无心跳舞。After a day of air and activity, you should be in the mood for a good meal.在户外活动了一天，你应该想好好吃一顿。
She was obviously in a mood她显然情绪不佳。
&2& moody adj.情绪不好的；喜怒无常的
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.________ （mood） people are very difficult to deal with.
Moody
[解析] 句意为：和喜怒无常的人打交道很难。设空处修饰名词people，应用形容词。
2.I was not ___ the mood for that kind of humour after my suggestion was turned down.
in
[解析] 句意为：我的提议被拒绝后，我没有心情领会那种幽默。be in the mood for sth为固定搭配，意为“有心情做某事”。
二、根据汉语提示补全句子。
1.I am ___ ___ ______ ______ （心情好） today, for I have passed the driving test.
in
a
good
mood
2.He was ___ ____ ______（没心情） for a chat.
in
no
mood
2 combination n.结合体，联合体；联合，混合
&3& a combination of… ……的结合
in combination （with…） （与……）结合
A combination of high interest rates and falling demand forced the company to close.高利率加上需求下降迫使这家公司倒闭了。
Often, this is simply because you've used the wrong words in combination with each other.这通常只是因为你的词语搭配出现了错误。
&4& ①combine vi.& vt.（使）联合；（使）结合；合并vt.兼有
combine A with/and B 把A和B结合起来；兼有A和B的特性
They have successfully combined the traditional with the modern in this room.在这个房间里，他们成功地把传统（风格）和现代（风格）融为一体。
②combined adj.联合的；共同的
Success was achieved by the combined efforts of the whole team.全队齐心协力取得了胜利。
定向练2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It's challenging to combine business _________ pleasure.
with/and
2.Diets are most effective when __________ （combine） with exercise.
combined
3.It is the ____________ （combine） of wisdom and political analysis that makes his articles so
readable.
combination
4.Some drugs which are safe when taken separately are deadly ___ combination.
in
5.Only their __________ （combine） knowledge will lead them to the prize.
combined
Sometimes the smell alone can do the trick, not to mention the lovely creamy flavour, which
works like a time machine immediately transporting me back to my sunny childhood.有时单是闻到
气味就有这种效果，更不用说那美妙的奶油般的口感了，它就像是一台时光机，能够立刻带我回到欢乐的
童年。
教材P2
3 trick
① n.［C］ 戏法，把戏；诡计，花招；恶作剧；诀窍，技巧
He amused the kids with some simple tricks.他用一些简单的戏法逗孩子们开心。
Here are a few tricks of remembering what you read.以下是几个记住你所读内容的诀窍。
释义·理解
trick
n.①sth to entertain people
②sth to cheat sb
③sth to surprise sb and to make other people laugh
④a good method
vt.to make sb believe sth that is not true, especially to cheat them ?
&5& do the trick 奏效，起作用，达到目的
play a trick/tricks on… 捉弄……
trick or treat不给糖就捣乱
I don't know what it was that did the trick, but I'm definitely feeling much better.我不知道是什么起了作用，但是我确实觉得好多了。
Sometimes the kids would play a trick on their teacher.有时孩子们会捉弄他们的老师。
② vt.欺骗，哄骗
She knew she'd been tricked, but it was too late.她知道自己被骗了，但为时已晚。
&6& trick sb into （doing） sth骗某人（做）某事
trick sb out of sth 从某人那里骗走某物
He tricked me into lending him 100 dollars.他骗我借给他100美元。
He tricked me out of my money.他骗走了我的钱。
&7& tricky adj.狡猾的，诡计多端的；（工作、问题）棘手的
定向练3
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Children like to play tricks ____ each other on April Fools' Day.
on
2.Be careful.They are trying to trick you _____ buying something you don't need.
into
3.The old woman ___________ （trick） out of her life savings last year.
was tricked
4.He is a ______ （trick） person who is clever and likely to deceive you.
tricky
二、翻译句子。
1.Can you tell me the trick of making such tasty cakes
________________________________________
你能告诉我做出这么好吃的蛋糕的诀窍吗？
2.Sometimes a simple smile will do the trick.
________________________________
有时候一个简单的微笑就能奏效。
In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.在这篇文章中，我们将讨论一种特殊类型的治愈系食物，它的力量主要在于它能唤起人们的联想。
教材P2
4 association n.联想，联系；协会，社团；联合，交往
The trade association promotes ethical business practices.这个贸易协会提倡合乎道德的商业行为。
&8& in association with… 与……联合/合伙
The book was published in association with English Heritage.这本书是与英国文化遗产保护协会联合出版的。［《牛津高阶》］
&9& associate
①vt.联想；联系 vi.交往
associate… with… 把……和……联系到一起
be associated with… 和……有关/有瓜葛
associate with sb 与某人交往；和某人混在一起
I don't associate him with energetic sports.我不会把他和剧烈的体育运动联系在一起。［《朗文当代》］
The scientist decided not to be associated with the project, and left.这位科学家决定不再与这个项目有任何瓜葛，然后离开了。
②n.同事；（生意）伙伴
business associates 生意伙伴
③adj.副的（熟词生义）
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at the University of British Columbia, invited people on their way into a coffee shop.在2014年的一项研究中，不列颠哥伦比亚大学心理学副教授伊丽莎白·邓恩邀请路上的人们前往一家咖啡馆。
定向练4
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I associate summer _____ holidays.
with
2.The police dealt seriously with anyone who ______________ （associate） with the case.
was associated
3.She set up an ___________ （associate） to help the blind.
association
4.I don't like you associating _____ such people.
with
5.We are working in ___________ （associate） with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
association
6.Through science, we've got the idea of ___________ （associate） progress with the future.
associating
It often makes up for bad feelings by helping us recall happy memories of the people, things or places we love. 它常常通过帮助我们回忆起关于我们所爱的人、事物或地方的美好记忆来缓解糟糕的心情。 教材P2
5 make up for 弥补；补偿
Caroline doesn't have a gift for music, but she makes up for it with hard work.卡罗琳没有音乐天赋，但她通过努力练习弥补了这一缺陷。
&10& 含有up的其他常用短语
make up 组成，构成；编造，虚构；编写，创作；给……化妆；凑足，补齐
cheer up （使）高兴起来，（使）振奋起来
give up 投降；认输；放弃
take up 开始从事；着手处理；占用（时间）；占据（空间）
keep up 继续，坚持；跟上 look up 查找，查阅
pack up 把……打包；收拾行李 set up 创建；建立
break up （使）破裂；分解；分手 show up （使）清晰；露面
speak up 大声地说；公开表态 end up 最后处于；最终成为
Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen.水由氢元素和氧元素构成。
I made up all sorts of stories.我编写了各种故事。
She spent too much time making herself up.她在化妆上花了太多时间。
He gave up the attempt in despair.他绝望地放弃了尝试。
He was eager to take up a job.他渴望开始工作。
Some of us have to keep up with the trends.我们当中一定要有人跟上潮流。
The men in the garage will break up the old cars for their parts.汽车修理厂的工人要把那些旧车拆掉取零件。
Speak up, because what you have to say is worth hearing.大声讲出来，因为你所要说的值得一听。
定向练5
用含有up的短语的正确形式填空。
1.Her enthusiasm __________________ her lack of experience.
makes/made up for
[解析] 句意为：她的热情弥补了她经验的不足。
2.If you try to remember everything, you will ________ remembering nothing.
end up
[解析] 句意为：如果你试图记住一切，最终你将什么都记不住。
3.He never respects his girlfriend.That's why she is now considering ____________ with him.
breaking up
[解析] 句意为：他从不尊重他的女朋友。这就是她现在考虑和他分手的原因。
4.He has just _______ his own company so it will take him a while to get established.
set up
[解析] 句意为：他刚创立自己的公司，所以站稳脚跟还需要一段时间。
5.We'll set out in 20 minutes, but she is still ___________ her suitcase.
packing up
[解析] 句意为：我们20分钟后出发，但她还在收拾行李箱。
6.My wife is reading an English novel, ___________ the new words in the dictionary from time to time.
looking up
[解析] 句意为：我妻子正在读一本英文小说，不时地在词典里查找生词。
7.__________ and look on the bright side of life.
Cheer up
[解析] 句意为：振作起来，看一看生活光明的一面。
8.Babies ________ a lot of time of their parents.
take up
[解析] 句意为：婴儿会占用父母大量的时间。
9.Whenever I feel like __________, I always think of your encouraging speech at the meeting.
giving up
[解析] 句意为：每当我想要放弃的时候，我总是会想起你在会上令人鼓舞的演讲。
They vary from person to person, depending on our own unique experiences that have shaped our lives.它们因人而异，取决于塑造我们生活的自身独特经历。 教材P2
6 vary vi.（根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同 vt.变更，改变
&11& vary in sth 在某方面不同
vary with… 随着……（的变化）而变化
vary from… to… 从……到……之间变化；从……到……各不相同
Other services vary dramatically in quality.其他服务在质量上差别很大。
Her mood varies with the weather.她的情绪随天气的变化而变化。
Reading habits. .vary from person. .to person.阅读习惯因人而异。
&12& ①variety n.变化；多样化；（同一事物的）不同种类
a variety of/varieties of 各种各样的
We all need variety in our diet.我们都需要饮食多样化。
People can eat a wide variety of foods that can be grown in other areas.人们可以吃到其他地区种植的各种食物。
②various adj.各种不同的；各种各样的［近］varied
There are various options open to you.你有多种选择。
③variation n.变化；变体；变奏
temperature variation 温度变化
genetic variation 遗传变异
定向练6
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The quality of their products never _______ （vary）; it is always excellent.
varies
2.More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers _____________ （vary） goods.
various/varied
3.For _________ （vary） of reasons, I am afraid I can't adopt your advice.
varieties
4.With the development of the economy， there are varieties ___ goods in stores，varying ______ daily
groceries ___ luxury goods， which greatly enrich people's life. In addition, the goods vary _____ the
season ___ quantity.
of
from
to
with
in
5.A _________ （vary） of a gene can influence people's social behaviour.
variation
If we grow up eating certain foods in our family, then those foods tend to be linked with positive emotions.如果我们在家里吃某些食物长大，那么那些食物往往与积极的情绪联系在一起。
教材P2
7 link
释义·理解
link
vt.
①to make a connection
②to physically join two or more things
n.
①a connection
②a relationship
③a place in an electronic document that is connected to another document
vt.联系，相关联；把……连接起来
&13& link A with/to/and B 把A和B连接/联系起来
be linked to/with… 与……有联系/有关联
link up 连接；联手,联合
We can link the students with society through different kinds of activities.我们可以通过不同种类的活动让学生和社会联系起来。
Yellow is linked with confidence, self-respect and friendliness.黄色与自信、自尊和友好有关。
The two spacecraft will link up in orbit.这两艘宇宙飞船将在轨道上对接。
④each ring of a chain
⑤sb/sth that makes a connection
② n.联系，连接；关系，纽带；链接；（链状物上的）环；起联系作用的人或事物
&14& a link between A and B A和B之间的联系/关系
Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.研究人员已经发现，外出就餐次数的增加和体重问题的增多有直接的联系。
定向练7
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It is reported that exposure to the sun for a long time is linked _______ skin cancer.
to/with
[解析] 句意为：据报道，皮肤癌与长时间暴露在阳光下有关。be linked to/with… 意为“与……有联系/有关联”。
2.The study further strengthens the idea that there is ___ link between smoking and early death.
a
[解析] 句意为：这项研究进一步证实了吸烟与早逝之间有联系这一观点。a link between… and… 意为“……与……之间的联系”。
3.They walked with their arms _______ （link）.
linked
[解析] 句意为：他们挽着胳膊散步。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
在古代，“丝绸之路”将东西方联系起来。
The Silk Road ____________________________________________________________________in ancient ti
mes.
linked the East to/with the West或linked the East and the West （together）
One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, giving us the “taste of home” that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness.一口治愈系食物带我们回到自己的文化根源，给予我们迫切需要的“家的味道”，缓解思乡之情。
教材P3
8 relieve vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解
&15& relieve sb of sth 帮助某人减轻（负担）；解除某人的职务
The new secretary will. .relieve us of some of the paperwork.新来的秘书会帮我们减轻一些文书工作的负担。
&16& relief n.［U］（痛苦、困苦、忧虑等的）减轻或消除；救济品 ［U, sing.］宽慰
to one's relief 令某人欣慰的是
breathe a sigh of relief 松一口气
It is/was a relief to do sth 做某事让人感到欣慰/轻松
News of their safety came as a great. .relief.他们平安的消息给大家带来了巨大的安慰。
To our relief, our economy is developing steadily.使我们感到欣慰的是，我们的经济正在稳步发展。
We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left.他走了之后，我们大家都松了口气。
It was a relief to be able to talk to someone about it! 能和别人谈谈这件事，我感到舒心多了！
定向练8
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The fund is for _________ （relieve） distress among the famine victims.
relieving
[解析] 句意为：这项基金是用来缓解饥民的贫困问题的。
2.His good score will come as a ______ （relieve） to the parents.
relief
[解析] 句意为：他的好成绩会让父母感到欣慰。
3.The party leader has been relieved ___ his post.
of
[解析] 句意为：该政党领导人已经被免除了职务。
二、翻译句子。
1.令我们颇为欣慰的是，爸爸平安到家了。
___________________________________________________________________
To our great relief/Much to our relief, Dad returned home safe and sound.
2.问题解决了，我们所有人都松了口气。
__________________________________________________
The problem solved, all of us breathed a sigh of relief.
1
【句意】不论我的心情有多糟，那种完美的组合总是足以让我精神振奋。
教材P2
&17& “no matter+疑问词”引导让步状语从句
“no matter+疑问词”相当于“疑问词+-ever”，可以引导让步状语从句，常用的疑问词有who, what, where, when, which, how等。
No matter what the cost may be （=Whatever the cost may be）, we shall defend our country.无论代价如何，我们都要捍卫我们的祖国。
No matter where you go （=Wherever you go）, please let me know.无论你去哪儿，都请让我知道。
特别注意 在引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问词+-ever”，该结构不能换成“no matter+疑问词”。
Whoever wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the economy back on its feet.不管谁赢得选举,都将面临复苏经济的棘手任务。（Whoever引导主语从句，不能换成No matter who）
I'll just say whatever comes into my mind.我想到什么就说什么。（whatever引导宾语从句，不能换成no matter what）
定向练1
一、用“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词+-ever”填空。
1._______________________ happened,he wouldn't say a word.
Whatever/No matter what
[解析] 句意为：无论发生什么，他都不会说一个字。设空处引导让步状语从句。
2._________ smokes here will be punished.
Whoever
[解析] 句意为：无论谁在这里抽烟都会受到处罚。设空处引导主语从句，只能用Whoever。
3._______________________ late he comes home, his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
However/No matter how
[解析] 句意为：无论他回家多晚，他妈妈都会等他一起吃晚饭。设空处引导让步状语从句。
4.A soldier goes with him ________________________ he goes.
no matter where/wherever
[解析] 句意为：无论他去哪里，都有一个士兵跟着他。设空处引导让步状语从句。
二、一句多译。
无论他说什么，都别相信他。
①________________________________________________________________________
No matter what he says, don't trust him./Don't trust him no matter what he says.
②_____________________________________________________________
Whatever he says, don't trust him./Don't trust him whatever he says.
2
【句意】我愉快地回忆起那些慵懒的周日午后，那时我常常在祖母温暖的公寓里，一边听她讲述精彩的故事，一边狼吞虎咽地吃着一碗又一碗她做的美味的大米布丁。
教材P2
&18& 定语从句中关系代词的省略
定语从句的关系代词包括which, that, who, whom, whose和as；在如下情况中，关系代词可以省略：
①关系代词that, which, who和whom在限制性定语从句中作动词宾语或作位于定语从句句末的介词的宾语时，可以省略。
I will never forget the man. .（who/whom/that）. .I met yesterday.我永远不会忘记我昨天遇见的那个男人。
The holiday. .（that/which） we are all looking forward to is coming soon.我们都期待的那个假期就快到了。
特别注意 关系代词若直接放在介词后作宾语，则不可以省略。
She wondered whether he had someone with whom he could share the good news.她想知道是否有人可以跟他分享这个好消息。
②关系代词that在定语从句中作表语时，可以省略。
China is not the country. .（that） it was.中国已不是过去的中国了。
③当先行词是the way时，在从句中作状语的that/in which可以省略。
I don't like the way （that/in which） he speaks.我不喜欢他说话的方式。
定向练2
根据汉语意思，用定语从句完成句子。
1.刚才和你说话的人是谁？
Who is the man ____________________________________ just now
（that/who/whom） you were talking to
2.我们昨天拜访的那位老人是一位著名的艺术家。
The old man _____________________________________ is a famous artist.
（that/who/whom） we visited yesterday
3.约翰已经不是多年前的他了。
John is not ____________________________ years ago.
the man （that/who） he was
4.他跟我们说话的方式是非常令人不愉快的。
The way _______________________________ was very unpleasant.
（that/in which） he spoke to us
I don't care what you've given up. I trusted the man I knew.我不在乎你到底放弃了什么。我信任那个我认识的人。
——《哈利·波特与死亡圣器（下）》
3
【句意】在你的成长过程中一直陪伴你的食物是最难割舍的。
教材P3
&19& it作形式主语，不定式（短语）作真正主语
当不定式（短语）在句中作主语时，有时主语部分过长，为了避免“头重脚轻”，习惯上将不定式（短语）移到后面，主语由it代替，位于句首，it 叫作形式主语。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
It is impossible to solve the complicated problems of this kind in a day.在一天之内解决这类复杂的问题是不可能的。
It is our duty to prevent environmental pollution.防止环境污染是我们的职责。
It is important to remember to wash your hands after returning home from the outside.从外面回家之后要记得洗手，这很重要。
定向练3
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.___ was a desperate race against time to land the plane before it ran out of fuel.Fortunately, the young
pilot made it eventually.
It
[解析] 句意为：在飞机燃料耗尽之前着陆是一场与时间的拼命赛跑。幸运的是，这位年轻的飞行员最终做到了。
2.It is a good idea ________ （have） a picnic this Sunday afternoon.
to have
[解析] 句意为：这周日下午去野餐是一个好主意。
3.I am sorry to inform you that it's beyond my power _________ （make） a final decision on this
donation to the underdeveloped regions.
to make
[解析] 句意为：我很抱歉地通知你，我无权对这笔捐赠给欠发达地区的款项做最后的决定。
4
【句意】治愈系食物味道很好，并且它总是通过与我们幸福的回忆建立情感联系来让我们感到愉快。
教材P3
&20& “by+v.-ing形式”结构作方式状语
在“by+v.-ing形式”这一结构中，by是介词，意为“以……方式/手段”。该结构在句子中作方式状语，所表示的方法、手段、途径等可以较为抽象,常译为“通过；借助；用；由”等。
We learn English by reading aloud.我们通过大声朗读学习英语。
You can turn on the recorder by pressing the button.你可以通过按这个按钮来打开录音机。
He passed the exam by working hard.他通过努力学习通过了考试。
定向练4
同义句转换。
1.Researchers learn things when they carry out experiments.
→Researchers learn things ____ ________ ____ experiments.
by
carrying
out
2.They changed the design so they built a better engine.
→____ _________ the design, they built a better engine.
By
changing
3.If we plan for the future, we can be happy in the present.
→____ _________ for the future we can be happy in the present.
By
planning(共72张PPT)
Unit 1
Food matters
Period Ⅲ
Integrated skills & Extended reading & Project
敲黑板1.语言知识：expand, appropriate, estimate, consume, essential, emphasis, mixture, out of this world, let loose sth, hit the spot, fall apart， 助动词do表强调的用法， as引导比较状语从句， “sb/sth+be+过去分词+不定式”句型， “what引导的主语从句+is+that…”句式， “make+宾语+宾补”结构， so/such… that引导结果状语从句等。
2.语言技能：用恰当的语言介绍自己最爱的食物；在对话中使用反问句来强调自己的感受和态度；用视频或图片配合语言展示做菜的基本步骤。
必刷词汇
1.________ n.变体，变种；说法；版本
version
2._______ adj.年纪较大的，上了年纪的
elderly
3.______ n.面粉
flour
4.tiramisu n.__________
提拉米苏
5.layer n.________________
层，表层；层次
6._______ n.干酪，奶酪
cheese
7._____ adj.不浓的，淡味的；暖和的；温和的；不严重的
mild
8._______ n.奶油，乳脂；护肤霜
cream
9.ingredient n.________________________
材料，成分；因素，要素
10.chilli （AmE chili） n.______
辣椒
11._______ n.甜椒；胡椒粉 拓展 ________ _______ 花椒
pepper
Sichuan
pepper
12.______ n.洋葱，葱头 拓展 _______ ______ 小葱，香葱
onion
spring
onion
13.______ adj.潮湿的，湿气重的
damp
14.________ n.朝，代；王朝
dynasty
15.________ adj.数量多的，多样的
multiple
16.sauce n.____________
调味汁，酱
17.______ adj.朴素的，简单的；清楚的 n.平原
plain
18._____ n.薄片，片；部分，份额 vt.把……切成片；切开，割破
slice
19._____ n.主厨，厨师
chef
20._________ n.性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产
property
21.________ vt.估计，估价 n.估计；估计的成本
estimate
22.Cantonese adj.____________________________ n.（pl.__________）______________
广东人（或文化）的，粤语的
Cantonese
广东人；粤语
23.dim sum n.______
点心
24.________ n.概念，观念
concept
25._________ vt.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋
stimulate
26.________ adj.精致的，精细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的
delicate
27.______ vt.& vi.蒸；散发蒸汽 n.水蒸气；蒸汽动力；水汽
steam
28.______ n.克
gram
29.________ n.甘蓝，卷心菜
cabbage
30.________ n.（食品等的）包装材料，包装纸 联想 ______ vt.包，裹（礼物等）；用……缠绕
wrapper
wrap
31._______ n.（糕点等的）馅 联想 ____ v.（使）充满，装满
filling
fill
32.______ vt.& vi.烘烤；烤硬 派 _______ n.面包（糕饼）店 ______ n.面包师
bake
bakery
baker
33._________ adj.可爱的，讨人喜爱的 联想 ______ vt.热爱，爱慕（某人） _________ n.热爱；爱慕；
敬慕；崇拜
adorable
adore
adoration
34.______ adj.味苦的；激烈的；令人难过的；严寒的 派 ________ adv.伤心地；愤怒地；极其；非常
_________ n.苦味；苦难；悲痛
bitter
bitterly
bitterness
35.______ adj.不受约束的；未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的；疏松的 派 ________ adv.宽松地；松散地 搭
配 ____ ____ ______ 释放；放任
loose
loosely
let
sth
loose
36.______ adj.有雾的，雾茫茫的 联想 ____ n.雾；迷惘；困惑
foggy
fog
37.________ vt.& vi.增加，扩大膨胀 vt.扩展，发展（业务） vi.详谈，详述 派 __________ n.扩张；扩展；
扩大；膨胀
expand
expansion
38.___________ adj.合适的 反 ____________ adj.不合适的
appropriate
inappropriate
39._________ vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、能量或时间）派 ____________n.（能量、食物或
材料的）消耗，消耗量；消费 __________n.消费者；顾客；用户
consume
consumption
consumer
40._________ adj.必不可少的；本质的，基本的派 __________ adv.本质上；根本上；基本上
essential
essentially
41.__________ n.创造，创新；新思想，新方法 联想 __________ adj.革新的；创新的 _________ v.创新
innovation
innovative
innovate
42._________ n.（pl.__________）强调，重视；重读 派__________ vt.强调；重视；着重
emphasis
emphases
emphasize
43.________ n.混合物；混合，结合 联想 _____ v.（使）混合，掺和，融合
mixture
mix
44.________ n.食欲，胃口；强烈欲望 搭配 ____ ________ ____ 对……的欲望/喜爱
appetite
an
appetite
for
45.______n.边，边缘；刀口 搭配 ____ ____ ______ ___ sth 在某物的边缘；某事快要发生
edge
on
the
edge
of
46.______ adv.成碎片；分开；相隔 搭配 ____ ______ 破碎，破裂；崩溃
apart
fall
apart
47.out of this world____________________________________
好（或美等）得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫
48.____ ____ _____ 发挥正当作用；恰到好处
hit
the
spot
核心词汇
Over time, it has expanded to include multiple options of soups, vegetables, meats and sauces, appealing to people of different tastes.随着时间的推移，它已经在汤底、蔬菜、肉类和酱汁等方面扩展出了多种选择，吸引着具有不同口味的人们。
教材P11
1 expand vt.& vi.增加，扩大膨胀 vt.扩展，发展（业务） vi.详谈，详述
释义·理解
expand
①to become larger
②to open new branches
③to talk more
In ten years the city's population has expanded by 12%.该市人口在十年内增加了12%。
A tyre expands when you pump air into it.轮胎一打气就会鼓起来。
&1& expand （…） into… （将……）扩展到/发展成……
expand on/upon 详述；进一步说明
Why not try to expand your story into a novel 为什么不试着把你的故事扩展成一部小说呢？
He expanded on his new theory.他详细地说明了自己的新理论。
&2& ①expansion n.（尺寸、范围、数量等的）扩大；增加；（公司、企业等的）扩张；详述；展开；扩充
②expansive adj.广阔的；广泛的；全面的
We need to look at a more expansive definition of the term.我们需要考虑这个用语所包含的更广泛的意义。
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He asked his teacher to expand ________ the steps of programming.
on/upon
[解析] 句意为：他请老师进一步阐述编程的步骤。
2.By next year we would like to expand _____ the American market.
into
[解析] 句意为：到明年，我们想把业务扩展到美国市场。
3.The suggestion that they raised at the meeting is that it is about time that we opened up a branch in
town as the first step of our __________ （expand）.
expansion
[解析] 句意为：他们在会上提出的建议是，我们是时候在市中心开一家分店了，作为我们扩展业务的第一步。
4.Technology of passive （无源的） location and tracking has __________ （expand） prospects for
application.
expansive
[解析] 句意为：无源定位与追踪技术具有广阔的应用前景。
Traditionally, duck is considered to have cooling properties, so it is appropriate for the hot summer months.传统上，人们认为鸭肉是寒凉性的（食物），所以适合在炎炎夏日食用。
教材P12
2 appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的
The most appropriate strategy may simply be to walk away from the problem.也许最恰当的策略仅仅是回避这个问题。
&3& be appropriate to/for sth适合某物
It is appropriate （for sb） to do sth （对于某人来说）做某事是合适的
Her clothes were not appropriate for this formal party.她的衣服不适合这个正式的聚会。
It would not be appropriate for me to discuss that now.现在我不宜讨论此事。
&4& ①appropriately adv.恰当地
As a new diplomat, he often thinks of how he can react more appropriately on such occasions.作为一名新的外交官，他经常思考怎样才能在这样的场合中作出更恰当的反应。
②inappropriate adj.不合适的；不恰当的
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The book was written in a style appropriate ______ the age of the children.
to/for
2.It is inappropriate simply _________ （throw） money at these problems.
to throw
3.Always bear in mind that you should behave ____________ （appropriate）.
appropriately
二、翻译句子。
他得到这一职务是恰当的。（It作形式主语）
_____________________________________
It is appropriate for him to get the post.
Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing! 如今，人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭，据估计，在南京，人们每天要吃掉几万只鸭子!
教材P12
3 estimate
①vt.估计；估价
Try to estimate how many steps it will take to get to a close object.试着估计一下需要多少步才能到达一个近距目标。
&5& be estimated to be估计有……
estimate （that）/It is estimated （that）… 估计/据估计……
It's estimated （that） the journey will take at least two weeks.据估计，这次行程至少需要两周时间。
② n.估计；估计的成本
I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need.我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。
定向练3
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The deal is estimated ______ （be） worth around ?$1.5 million.
to be
2.___ is estimated that many children suffer from dyslexia（诵读困难）.
It
二、翻译句子。
据估计，新教学楼会在10个月后建成。（complete）
___________________________________________________________________________
It is estimated （that） the new teaching building will be completed in ten months.
4 consume vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、能量或时间）
Many people are unaware of just how much food and drink they consume.许多人不知道自己到底吃了多少食物，喝了多少饮料。
&6& ①consumer n.［C］消费者；顾客；用户
②consumption n.［U］（能量、食物或材料的）消耗，消耗量；消费
It is claimed that the new exhaust system will lower fuel consumption.据称，新的排气系统将降低燃料消耗量。
定向练4
用consume的正确形式填空。
1.The company can choose the right product to produce, the one expected to be the most popular with
__________.
consumers
[解析] 句意为：公司可以选择合适的、预计最受消费者欢迎的产品进行生产。设空处作介词宾语，应用名词，且根据句意可知，此处表示“消费者”，应用复数，故填consumers。
2.The e-commerce has influenced production and ____________ and promoted the development of the
service sector.
consumption
[解析] 句意为：电子商务已经影响了生产和消费，促进了服务业的发展。设空处与production并列，作宾语，应用名词，且根据句意可知，此处表示“消费”，故填consumption。consumption为不可数名词。
3.They __________ vast quantities of food that night.
consumed
[解析] 句意为：那天晚上他们吃了大量的食物。根据that night可知，此处应用一般过去时。
In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that “Have you had your tea ” has become the local version of “Good morning.”在广州，早茶是日常生活中如此必不可少的一部分，以至于“饮左茶未 ”已经成了当地版的“早安。”
教材P12
5 essential adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；本质的，基本的
History is an essential. .part of human civilization.历史是人类文明中必不可少的一部分。［2020年5月天津］
释义·理解
essential
①vital
②fundamental
&7& be essential to/for… 对……是必不可少的/非常重要的
It is essential that… ……很必要（that引导的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语用should do，should可省略）
It is essential （for sb） to do sth （对某人来说）做某事是必要的/极其重要的
Sun and water are essential to the growth of crops.阳光和水对作物的生长是不可或缺的。
It is essential that you （should） get a visa before you travel to the US.去美国旅行之前，你必须拿到签证。
&8& essential n.必需品（常用复数）
I only had time to pack the essentials.我只来得及装上必需品。
&9& essentially adv.本质上；根本上；基本上
He was, essentially, a teacher, not a manager.他本质上是个教师而不是经理。
定向练5
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Money is not essential ______ happiness.
to/for
[解析] 句意为：金钱对于幸福并非必不可少。
2.It is essential for us __________ （appeal） to someone for help when necessary.
to appeal
[解析] 句意为：对我们来说，在必要时向他人求助是很重要的。
3.She packed a few _________ （essential） and headed for the countryside.
essentials
[解析] 句意为：她收拾了一些必需品就出发去乡下了。此处作宾语，表示“必需品”，由a few可知应用名词复数形式。故填essentials。
4.She's added a few characters and changed some names but __________ （essential） this is a true
story.
essentially
[解析] 句意为：她加了几个角色，改了一些名字，但从本质上讲，这是一个真实的故事。
5.It is essential that these application forms ________ （send） back as early as possible.
be sent
[解析] 句意为：这些申请表必须尽早寄回。
English is important.The emphasis is rather on conversation about business, family or pleasure, and locals can spend hours together chatting, drinking tea and working their way through the menu.（早餐时的）重点反而是谈生意、唠家常、说乐子，当地人可以花几个小时聚在一起聊天、喝茶，慢慢吃遍菜单上所有的菜式。
教材P12
6 emphasis n.（pl.emphases）强调，重视；重读
The emphasis is on the first syllable of the last word.重音在最后一个单词的第一个音节上。
&10& put/lay/place emphasis on （doing） sth 把重点放在（做）某事上；强调/重视（做）某事
The country puts emphasis on agricultural development.这个国家把重点放在农业发展上。
&11& emphasize vt.强调；着重；使突出；使明显
emphasize the importance of… 强调……的重要性
emphasize that… 强调……
It cannot be emphasized enough that… 无论怎么强调……也不为过
He emphasized that the drug worked in only 30 percent of cases.他强调那种药仅对30%的病例有效。
定向练6
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I must lay emphasis ____ the fact that they are only children.
on
[解析] 句意为：我必须强调这一事实：他们只不过是孩子。
2.They put emphasis on ___________ （develop） clean power.
developing
[解析] 句意为：他们把重点放在发展清洁能源上。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.不要过于强调语法。
Don't ________________________________
grammar.
lay/put/place too much emphasis on
2.无论怎么强调英语的重要性也不为过。
_________________________________ English is important.
It cannot be emphasized enough that
Fill the dumpling wrappers with the mixture.在饺子皮里包上馅儿。
教材P12
7 mixture n.混合物；混合，结合
Green is a mixture of yellow and blue.绿色是黄色和蓝色的混合色。
&12& ①mix v.（使）混合，（使）融合；（使）结合；调制，配制；（尤指与不相熟的人）相处，交往（+with）
mix A with B=mix A and B （together） 把A和B混合/融合在一起
mix up 混合，搅匀；混淆，弄混；弄乱
Oil and water don't mix.油和水不相融。
Many young men successfully mix the exercise and the work.很多年轻人都能做到锻炼、工作两不误。
He mixed his guests a salad.他给客人们拌色拉。
In my job, I mix with all sorts of people.我在工作中和各种人打交道。
Mix up flour and water to make a dough.将面粉和水搅匀来做面团。
Dashan, who has been learning crosstalk, the Chinese traditional form of comedy, for decades, wants to mix it with the Western traditional stand-up.大山数十年以来一直在学习相声——中国传统喜剧形式，他想要将其与西方传统的独角喜剧融合在一起。
②mixer n.搅拌器
③mixed adj.（感情）矛盾的，复杂的；混合的；人员混杂的；男女混合的
mixed feelings 复杂的心情 mixed doubles 混合双打
定向练7
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Many races are_______ （mix） together in Brazil.
mixed
[解析] mix意为“（使）融合”，在此处是及物动词，本句中races与mix之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态。句意为：在巴西,多个种族杂居在一起。
2.Don't try to mix business _________ pleasure.
with/and
[解析] mix… with/and… 意为“把……和……混合在一起”。句意为：不要试图把工作和娱乐混在一起。
3.You're always mixing me ____ with my twin sister!
up
[解析] mix up意为“弄混；混淆”。句意为：你总是把我和我的孪生妹妹弄混!
4.The city was a ________ （mix） of old and new buildings.
mixture
[解析] 根据冠词a可知，此处应该用名词，且根据句意可知，此处表示“混合”，故填mixture。句意为：该市新旧建筑兼而有之。
5.I came home from the meeting with _______ （mix） feelings.
mixed
[解析] 此处应用形容词作定语，修饰feelings。mixed feelings意为“复杂的心情”。句意为：开完会回到家，我心里百感交集。
二、翻译句子。
They don't mix much with the neighbours.
________________________
他们不怎么与邻居来往。
Don't overfill the dumplings, or they will. .fall apart. .when you boil them.不要将饺子包得太满，否则煮饺子时它们会破掉。
教材P13
8 fall apart 破碎；破裂；崩溃；（精神上）垮掉
The dress had been worn so much that it was falling apart.这条裙子穿得太久，都快烂了。
I was falling apart. I wasn't getting any sleep.我要崩溃了，一直都没合眼。
释义·理解
fall apart
①break up
②break into pieces
③break down?
&13& 含有fall的其他常用短语
fall behind落在后面 fall down跌倒；倒塌；不够好
fall in love with爱上 fall asleep睡着
His laziness caused him to fall behind others.他的懒惰使他落在了别人后面。
There's nothing to be afraid of. The sky won't fall down.没有什么好怕的，天不会塌下来。
And that's where the theory falls down.这就是该理论的不足之处。［《牛津高阶》］
They fell in love with each other at first sight and got married a year later.他们一见钟情，一年后结婚了。
&14& apart adv.成碎片；分开；相隔；除外
far apart 疏远；远离
apart from 除……之外；要不是
set apart 留出（时间、金钱等）；使分离；使显得与众不同
take apart 拆开；剖析；（在比赛中）轻易打败
tell apart 区分；分辨
How'd we get so far apart 我们怎么会变得如此疏远的？
Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.除了个别几个单词外，我根本不会法语。
Two rooms were set apart for use as libraries.留出两个房间作为图书室。
You're not supposed to take things apart like that.你不应该那样乱拆东西。
Here are a few different characteristics to help you tell them apart.这里有一些不同的特征来帮助你区分它们。
定向练8
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.Being able to know you and fall ____love with you is the luckiest thing in my life.
in
2.If you don't come to class regularly, you will fall _______ in your studies.
behind
[解析] 考查短语fall behind，意为“落在后面”。句意为：如果你经常不来上课，学业就会落在（别人）后面。
3.Babies often fall ______ when they are learning to walk.
down
[解析] 考查短语fall down，意为“跌倒”。句意为：宝宝学步时常会跌倒。
[解析] 考查短语fall in love with，意为“爱上”。句意为：能认识你并与你相爱，这是我这辈子最幸运的事了。
4.Many buildings fell ______ in the earthquake.
down
[解析] 考查短语fall down，意为“倒塌”。句意为：许多建筑物在地震中倒塌。
5.Some fall ______ under pressure, while others do well despite the pressure.
apart
[解析] 考查短语fall apart，意为“崩溃”。句意为：一些人在压力下崩溃了，而另一些人尽管有压力却做得很好。
6.Their marriage fell ______ after they had lived together for four years.
apart
[解析] 考查短语fall apart，意为“破裂”。句意为：在一起生活四年后，他们的婚姻破裂了。?
二、翻译句子。
1.除了是有趣且有益的运动外，游泳还是一项很有用的技能。（apart from）
__________________________________________________________________________
Apart from being fun and beneficial exercise, swimming is also a very useful skill.
2.由于地震，这座大桥正处于坍塌的危险之中。（fall apart）
______________________________________________________________
Due to the earthquake, the bridge is in danger of falling apart/down.
You'll be able to tell us apart now, anyway, Mum.无论如何，以后你就能分清我们俩了，妈妈。
——《哈利·波特与死亡圣器》
1
【句意】每当我不开心时，我就会吃提拉米苏，它的确会让我感觉好一些！
教材P9
&15& 助动词do表强调的用法
通常我们用do/does/did来强调谓语动词，但只用于肯定句中。do/does/did要重读，意为“真的，确实”。
He does come from a rich family.他确实来自一个富裕的家庭。
I did write to you last night.我昨晚确实给你写信了。
特别注意 祈使句中“do+动词原形”往往不表示命令，而表示说话人强烈的情感，意为“务必，一定”。?
Do be careful next time.下次一定要小心啊。
定向练1
在空白处填入do的正确形式并翻译句子。
1.____ give me a call when you get home.
______________________________
Do
回到家后一定要给我打个电话。
2.She ____ tell me about the meeting, but I totally forgot about it.
______________________________________________
did
她确实告诉了我关于会议的事，但我完全忘记了。
3.He _____ read newspapers every day.
______________________
does
他确实每天都看报纸。
2
【句意】令人垂涎的四川火锅在海外和在中国一样有名……
教材P11
&16& as引导比较状语从句
as引导比较状语从句时，可用于as… as… 结构，译作“和……一样……”，其否定形式为not as… as…，译作“不像……一样……”；第一个as是副词，第二个as是连词。使用时应注意以下几点：
①在否定句中，第一个 as 也可换成 so。
He doesn't study as/so hard as his brother （does）.他学习不像他弟弟那样努力。
②在该结构中，两个as之间通常接形容词或副词的原级，但若涉及数量或程度，可用many, much, little, few等修饰。
You've made as many mistakes as I have.你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。
He hasn't got as much money as I thought.他不像我想象中的那么有钱。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art ___ it is a science.
as
2.You didn't make as many _______ （effort） as he did.
efforts
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
他可能为自己没有你那么有足球天赋而感到难过。
He probably feels sad about not being ______ gifted ___ football ___ _____ ____.
so/as
in
as
you
are
3
【句意】人们认为，火锅始于晚清时期，是当时长江上的船夫在寒冷潮湿的冬天取暖的一种方式。
教材P11
&17& “sb/sth+be+过去分词+不定式”句型
在“sb/sth+be+过去分词+不定式”句型中，过去分词多为said, thought, hoped等，而不定式有三种形式，即to do, to be doing （表示正在进行）, to have done （表示已经发生）。
He is thought to be fit for the position.人们认为他适合这个职位。
AIDS is said to have been the biggest threat to health in that area over the past few years.据说艾滋病是该地区多年来对（人们）健康的最大威胁。
该句型可以转换为以下两种句型：
①It is+过去分词+that…
It is thought that… 人们认为……
It is reported that… 据报道……
It is suggested that… 有人建议……
It is said that… 据说……
It is known that… 众所周知……
It is thought that he is the best player.人们认为他是最好的演奏家。
It was reported that he had won the game.据报道,他赢了比赛。
It is suggested that we should limit the amount of cars to improve our environment.为了改善我们的环境，有人建议我们应该限制汽车的数量。
It is said that they have realized their wishes.据说他们已经实现了他们的愿望。
②People say/think/hope/…+that从句（that可省略）
People say （that） if you want to change the world, you should first change yourself.人们说，如果你想改变世界，你应该首先改变自己。
定向练3
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He is said ______ （go） abroad for further study next month, but I don't know which country he
will study in.
to go
2.He is said _____________ （go） abroad for further study, but I don't know which country he studied
in.
to have gone
3.He is said ______________ （study） abroad now, but I don't know which country he is studying in.
to be studying
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.人们认为他可能是未来的冠军。
He is ________ ___ ____ a possible future champion.
thought
to
be
2.据说明天会下雨。
___ ___ _____ _____it will rain tomorrow.
It
is
said
that
三、一句多译。
人们常说我们正生活在一个信息爆炸的时代。
①_____________________________________________________________
②____________________________________________________________________
③____________________________________________________________
It's often said that we are living in an age of information explosion.
People often say （that） we are living in an age of information explosion.
We are often said to be living in an age of information explosion.
4
【句意】我最喜欢四川火锅的地方是它为朋友间的交往提供了很棒的机会，因为一顿饭可以吃上好几个小时。
教材P11
&18& “what引导的主语从句+is that…”句式
在“what引导的主语从句+is that…”句式中，what在主语从
句中可以作主语和宾语，that引导表语从句且不能省略。该句式常见的表达有：
What impresses me most is that… 让我印象最深刻的是……
What surprises me most is that… 让我最惊讶的是……
What really matters is that… 真正重要的是……
What annoys me most is that… 最让我恼怒的是……
What sb/sth+及物动词（do, have, get, learn, know等）+is that… 某人/某物所……的是……
What impresses me most is that Helen Keller graduated from Harvard University.让我印象最深刻的是海伦·凯勒毕业于哈佛大学。
What really matters is that the giver should do more than simply hand over the money.真正重要的是，捐赠人应该做的不仅仅是出钱。
What I know is that he has good learning habits.我所知道的是，他有良好的学习习惯。
定向练4
用“what引导的主语从句+is that…”句式翻译句子。
1.最激动人心的是，我们可以在新年期间与朋友见面。（excite）
__________________________________________________________
What excites us most is that we can see friends over New Year.
2.这个夏令营最吸引我的是我可以参加丰富多彩的活动。（attract）
______________________________________________________________________________
What attracts me most of the summer camp is that I can take part in various activities.
3.旅游时最让我恼怒的是人们到处乱扔垃圾。（annoy）
________________________________________________________________________
What annoys me most while travelling is that people just drop litter everywhere.
4.最让我惊讶的是你们两个是兄弟。（surprise）
________________________________________________
What surprises me most is that you two are brothers.
5
【句意】……无数的水道使该地区成为饲养水禽的绝佳之地。
教材P12
&19& “make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
①“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词或介词短语充当。
注意：当“make+宾语+do sth”变为被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。
②当该结构的宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把不定式短语或从句置于宾语补足语之后，即“make+it+宾语补足语+（for sb） to do sth/that从句（宾语补足语由名词或形容词充当）”。
常用于“动词+it+宾语补足语+真正的宾语”结构的动词还有：think， believe， find， consider， feel等，形式为“feel/find/consider/…+it+adj./n.+（for sb） to do sth/that从句”。
③make+oneself+heard/understood/known/… 让人听到/理解/知道/……自己
His success in his career made his family proud.他事业上的成功让他的家人感到骄傲。
The police made them stand up against the wall.=They were made by the police to stand up against the wall.警察让他们靠墙站着。
He raised his voice to make himself heard.他提高了嗓门，以便别人能听见自己（的声音）。
定向练5
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.His decision made it possible for us _________ （finish） the work by four o'clock this afternoon.
to finish
[解析] 句意为：他的决定让我们有可能在今天下午四点以前完成工作。
2.The chairman thought ___ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.
it
[解析] 句意为：主席认为有必要邀请史密斯教授在会议上发言。
3.I consider it a duty _____ we should protect our environment.
that
[解析] 句意为：我认为保护环境是我们的责任。
4.Paul doesn't have to be made ________ （learn）. He always works hard.
to learn
[解析] 句意为：保罗不需要别人强迫他学习。他总是很努力。
5.I can make you ___________ （understand） what I say, but you can't make yourself ___________
（understand） in English.
understand
understood
[解析] 句意为：我可以使你理解我所说的，但你却不能用英语表达清楚你的意思。
6
【句意】在广州，早茶是日常生活中如此必不可少的一部分，以至于“饮左茶未？”已经成了当地版的“早安。”
教材P12
&20& so/such… that引导结果状语从句
该结构表示“如此……以至于”,具体用法如下：
①so+adj./adv.+that…
so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that…
so+many/few+可数名词复数+that…
so+much/little （少的）+不可数名词+that…
②such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that…
such+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that…
Everything happened so quickly that I didn't have time to think. 一切发生得如此之快以至于我来不及去思考。
He came to so sudden a stop that we almost hit him.= He came to such a sudden stop that we almost hit him.他突然停了下来，我们差点撞上他。
特别注意 在该句式中，so…/such… 放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。?
So well did the system operate that all of us appreciated her abilities.这个系统运行得如此之好，以至于我们都很欣赏她的能力。 ?
Such a nice man is our monitor that we all believe him.我们班长是如此好的一个人,我们都相信他。
定向练6
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.He improved his English ____ greatly _____ he began to talk freely with foreigners.
so
that
[解析] so修饰形容词、副词，greatly是副词，用so来修饰。
2.He has ____ little education _____ it is not easy for him to solve the embarrassing problem.
so
that
[解析] 句意为：他没受过什么教育，以至于很难解决这个令人尴尬的问题。little在此处是“少的”的意思，用so来修饰。
3.It was _____ a serious accident _____ he was kept in hospital for a month.
such
that
[解析] 考查“such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that…”结构。
4.____ carelessly did he drive that he almost ran into another car on the way home.
So
[解析] 此处So位于句首，主句用部分倒装，So修饰副词carelessly。
5.He made _____ a lot of mistakes in his maths exercises _____ he had to do them all over again.
such
that
[解析] such修饰可数名词复数。
写作仿 介绍最喜爱的食物
素材储备
1.文体介绍
美食介绍类的文章多为说明文。在日常考试中，常将其和应用文相结合进行考查。
2.篇章结构
首先根据作文所要求的要点介绍美食，可以从外观、营养、味道等方面进行介绍，再进行适当的扩充，如表达自己的观点态度等。
3.常用表达
（1）感官描写
The blocky hot pot base melts into red small pieces in the pot, absorbed by the soup, and then turns into orange oil, floating quietly on the golden soup.块状的火锅底料在锅中化成一个个红色小块，被汤水吸收，然后变成橙黄色的油，静静地漂在金色的汤水上。
Salted duck is white and soft, fat but not greasy, fresh and delicious, with the characteristics of fragrance, crispness and tenderness. 盐水鸭皮白肉嫩、肥而不腻、香鲜味美，具有香、酥、嫩的特点。
（2）菜品介绍
A meal often consists of the main food—typically rice or noodles—and side dishes, such as vegetables, meat, and fish.一顿饭通常由主食（通常是米饭或面条）和配菜（如蔬菜、肉和鱼）组成。
The unique and traditional soup dumplings are its specialty, which you can feast on.独特的传统汤包是它的特色菜，你可以尽情享用。
All these diverse and delicate dishes remind people of the cook's nimble fingers and rich imagination.这些花样众多的精致菜肴无不让人想到厨师灵巧的手指和丰富的想象力。
I call the strong flavour “a flavour of hometown”.我把这种浓郁的风味叫作“家乡的味道”。
（3）特点介绍
There are several reasons for its popularity.它的流行有几点原因。
It is very convenient and saves a lot of time.它非常方便，能节省很多时间。
… can provide us with adequate nutrition.……能给我们提供充足的营养。
（4）其他
As for the cooking methods people usually use, frying, baking and boiling are among the very common ones.至于人们通常使用的烹饪方法，煎炸、烘焙和蒸煮是很常见的。
My refrigerator has also been crammed with various hometown foods. Every time I come back from home, I will bring lots of specialties back, but I seldom eat them. 我的冰箱里也塞满了家乡的各种食物。每次从家乡回来，我都会带回很多特产，但不舍得吃。
In my opinion, food is always connected with people, reflecting their different living situations and attitudes.在我看来，食物总是与人联系在一起，反映出人们不同的生活状况和生活态度。
模拟演练
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信称他准备到中国来旅游，并且说喜欢中国的美食，尤其是火锅（hot pot）。请你给他写一封回信，介绍一下火锅这一中国传统美食，内容包括：
1.火锅在中国很受人们欢迎；
2.怎样制作火锅；
3.为什么人们喜欢吃火锅。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Peter,
I'm glad to learn that you will travel to China and want to taste the hot pot.Here I'll introduce the traditional Chinese food to you.
The hot pot is very popular in China.No matter when you come to China, people eating hot pots can be found everywhere.It is very convenient to make a hot pot.When the soup in the pot is boiling, dishes such as mutton, fish and vegetables, are put into the pot.After a while you can enjoy the delicious dishes.The reason why people love eating hot pots is that people can get together and it is a good way to relax.
Welcome to experience the hot pot by yourself!
Yours,
Li Hua
请总结你学到的有用表达：
【高级词汇】
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【高级句式】
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
