(共57张PPT)
Unit 2
The universal language
Period Ⅰ
Welcome to the unit & Reading
敲黑板
1.课时任务：把握文章大意和结构；掌握重点词汇和句式结构；理解文中拟人手法的使用；体会音乐对了解一种新文化起到的重要作用。
2.语篇导读：艾丽斯作为交换留学生，欣赏了中国小提琴协奏曲《梁祝》，哈里则在美国亲身体验了乡村音乐的魅力。虽然来自不同的文化，但他们都能对当地的音乐产生感悟，这反映出音乐是世界的通用语言。
3.语言知识：compose, deserve, pleasant, overcome, transform, combine, surroundings, guarantee, adaptation, defend, tear apart, rely on, throw in, for good measure, consist of，状语从句的省略，形容词（短语）作状语，“leave+宾语+宾补”结构等。
The pipa is a four-string lute, one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments with a history of over 2,000 years.The term pipa consists of two Chinese characters which were written as “批把” or “枇杷” in the earliest documents, where the “木” （wood） refers to the material the pipa was made of, and the “扌” is a symbol for “the hand/fingers”, implying the “action” with fingers （the finger techniques）, whereas the two symbols “比” and “巴” on the right side of the characters are used here simply to borrow their pronunciations pi and pa.In other words, they stand there in the form of the two characters for the pipa simply because their pronunciations sound similar to the two sounds produced by the two finger techniques on the pipa.Later on （around the third century）, the written characters for pipa have been standardized as “琵琶” where the upper part of the characters “&1& ” is the common root for the names of the ancient string instruments qin （琴） and se （瑟）.
必刷词汇
1.Austrian adj.______________________
奥地利的，奥地利人的
2.__________ n.交响乐，交响曲
symphony
3.concerto n.________
协奏曲
4.Polish adj.____________________________
波兰的，波兰人的，波兰语的
5.________ vt.值得，应得
deserve
6.________ adj.令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的
pleasant
7.______ vi.& vt.（过去式______,过去分词______）哭泣，流泪
weep
wept
wept
8._______ n.悲伤，悲痛；伤心事
sorrow
9.________ adv.永远；长久地；老是
forever
10.______ n.（____ ______）布鲁斯音乐，蓝调；忧郁，悲伤
blues
the
blues
11._____ adj.民间的，民俗的 n.民间音乐；人们；各位；家人
folk
12._____ n.歌词；抒情诗 adj.抒情的；吟唱的
lyric
13.______ adj.乡村的，农村的 反 ______ adj.城镇的；城市的
rural
urban
14._______ n.极乐之地
heaven
15._______ n.微风，和风
breeze
16._____ n.爵士乐
jazz
17.arch n.__________
拱门；拱
18._____ n.独奏，独唱 adj.独自的；独唱的，独奏的
solo
19._________ vt.& vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静派 ① ____________n.作曲；创作；作品 ②__________
n.作曲家，作曲者
compose
composition
composer
20.________ vi.& vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n.低语；轻柔的声音；传言 搭配 ___ _________ 低
声耳语
whisper
in
whispers
21._________ adj.激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的 派____________ adv.显著地，剧
烈地；戏剧性地；引人注目地
dramatic
dramatically
22.__________ vt.（过去式__________,过去分词__________）受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜搭
配 ____ __________ ________ 受到……的极大影响
overcome
overcame
overcome
be
overcome
with/by
23.______ n.坟墓；死亡，去世 adj.严重的；严肃的 派________ adv.严重地；严肃地
grave
gravely
24.__________ vi.& vt.（使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化派______________ n.（彻底的）变化，改观，
转变，改革
transform
transformation
25._________ vt.& vi.（使）融合；（使）结合，（使）混合；兼做；合并派 ____________ n.融合；结合；
混合
combine
combination
26._____ n.曲调，曲子 vt.调音；调频道；调整 搭配 ____ ___ _____ _____ 与……协调/融洽/一致
tune
be
in
tune
with
27.____________ n.周围，环境 联想 ①___________ adj.周围的②_________ vt.环绕；围绕；包围 搭配
____ ___________ ________ 被……围绕/包围
surroundings
surrounding
surround
be
surrounded
by/with
28.__________ vt.保证，担保；确保；为（产品）提供保修 n.保证，担保；保修单 搭 配 ____
___________ ___ ____ sth肯定会做某事；必定会做某事
guarantee
be
guaranteed
to
do
29.__________ n.改编本，改写本；适应 联想 ______ vt.（使）适应；改编
adaptation
adapt
30.___________ adj.共产主义的 n.共产主义者 联想 ____________ n.共产主义
communist
communism
31.________ n.武装入侵的军队（或国家），侵略者 联想 ①_______ vi.& vt.武装入侵；侵略；侵犯 ②
_________ n.入侵；侵略
invader
invade
invasion
32._______ vt.& vi.保护，防御；辩白，辩解 联想 ________ n.防御；保护；保卫 搭配 ___ ________
___ 为保卫……；为……辩护
defend
defence
in
defence
of
33._____ ______ 使（关系密切的人）分离，分开
tear
apart
34._____ ____ 依赖，依靠；信任
rely
on
35.______ ___ 奉送，额外赠送
throw
in
36.____ ______ ________ 作为额外增添
for
good
measure
37._______ ___ 由……组成（或构成）
consist
of
核心词汇
Last night, I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers, a beautiful violin concerto composed by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.昨晚，我看了一场《梁祝》的演出，这是一首由何占豪和陈钢创作的优美的小提琴协奏曲。 教材P16
1 compose vt.& vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静
Mozart composed his last opera shortly before his death.莫扎特于去世前不久创作了他的最后一部歌剧。
Emma frowned, making an effort to compose herself.埃玛皱起了眉头，努力使自己镇静下来。
释义·理解
compose
①to write music
②to make sth up
③to write a letter, etc
④to control your feelings
&2& be composed of 由……组成/构成
What's water composed of 水是由什么构成的
&3& ①composition n.组成,构成;创作,作曲;作文；作品
At music school I studied piano and composition.我在音乐学校学习了钢琴和作曲。
We had to write a composition on the subject of “My Pet”.我们得就“我的宠物”这个主题写一篇作文。
②composer n.作曲家
He was born to be a great composer.他天生就是一位伟大的作曲家。
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Life is composed ___ not only sunshine but also storms.
of
[解析] 句意为：生活中不仅有阳光，也有暴风雨。
2.He has a strong passion for music and has many famous ____________ （compose）.
compositions
[解析] 句意为：他酷爱音乐，有许多著名的作品。
3.Yesterday was the fortieth anniversary of the death of that __________ （compose）.
composer
[解析] 句意为：昨天是那位作曲家逝世四十周年纪念日。
4.Astronomy is a scientific subject __________ （compose） of mathematics and physics.
composed
[解析] 句意为：天文学是一门由数学和物理学组成的科学学科。
It's a piece that really deserves to be heard.这是一曲真正值得聆听的作品。 教材 P16
2 deserve vt.值得，应得
These proposals deserve careful study.这些建议值得认真研究。
&4& deserve to do sth值得做某事；应该做某事
sb/sth deserves doing （主动形式表被动意义）=sb/sth deserves to be done 某人/某事值得被……
I don't deserve to still be in the tournament.我不应该继续参加这次锦标赛。
He. .deserves to be remembered for charity and forgiveness.= He deserves remembering for charity and forgiveness.他的仁爱和宽宏大量值得被铭记。
特别注意 ①除deserve外，need, want, require和be worth后面跟动名词时，也用主动形式表示被动意义。
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.窗户需要擦一下。
The place is worth visiting.=The place is worthy to be visited.这个地方值得参观。
②deserve后接不定式时，若表示主动意义，则用不定式的主动式；若表示被动意义，则用不定式的被动式。
Those who work deserve to eat.劳动者该得食。
He deserves to be criticized.=He deserves criticizing.他应当受到批评。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Tom failed in the exam again.Since he never worked hard, he _________ （deserve） it.
deserved
[解析] 句意为：汤姆考试又不及格。因为他从来都不努力学习，他不及格很正常。
2.I think your team deserves _______ （win）.
to win
[解析] 句意为：我认为你们队应该赢。
二、根据汉语提示补全句子。
1.It is he who ________________________________________________________ （应该受到惩罚）.I have
nothing to do with it.
deserves punishing/deserves to be punished/deserves punishment
2.His advice is very practical and it ____________________________________________________________
_________________ （值得一试）.
is worth trying/is worthy to be tried/deserves trying/deserves to be tried/deserves a try
Overcome with sorrow, she jumps into his grave.她悲痛欲绝，于是跳进了梁山伯的坟墓。
教材P16
3 overcome vt.（overcame, overcome）受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜
I would overcome any weakness, any despair and any fear.我要克服所有的软弱、绝望和恐惧。
&5& overcome difficulties/problems 克服困难
overcome one's fear/shyness/anxiety 克服恐惧/羞怯/焦虑
be overcome with/by… （感情上）受到……的极大影响
He learnt to overcome difficulties. .by practising instead of only listening to others.他学会了通过练习来克服困难，而不是只听别人说。
Eventually, she managed to overcome her shyness in class.她终于设法克服了上课时的羞怯。
Charles was overcome with grief.查尔斯悲痛欲绝。
定向练3
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.They __________ （overcome） some difficulties and completed the work ahead of time, which was
beyond our expectations.
overcame
[解析] 句意为：他们克服了一些困难，提前完成了工作，这超出了我们的预期。根据空后的并列谓语completed可知，此处应用一般过去时。
2.As long as we have a strong will, the temporary difficulties _________________ （overcome） and we
can live through them with a better preparation for the future.
will be overcome
[解析] 句意为：只要我们有坚强的意志，暂时的困难就会被克服，我们会渡过难关，更好地为未来做准备。as long as引导条件状语从句时，主句和从句遵循“主将从现”的原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。主句主语the temporary difficulties与overcome 之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。
3.Overcome ________ excitement, he could hardly say a word.
with/by
[解析] be overcome with/by… 意为“（感情上）受到……的极大影响”，Overcome excitement 在此处作状语，省略了be动词，故填with或by。
Finally, during the most exciting part, the music takes a softer turn and ends on a bittersweet note, telling us how the couple transform into butterflies and fly away to be together forever.最后，在最激动人心的部分，乐曲转而柔缓，以一个苦乐参半的音调结束，告诉我们这对恋人如何化蝶而去，永不分离。 教材 P16
4 transform vi.& vt.（使）变形，（使）改观，（使）转化
She used to be terribly shy, but a year abroad has completely transformed her.她过去十分腼腆，但在国外待了一年以后完全变了。
&6& transform sb/sth （from…） into… 把某人/某物（从……）改变成……
A steam engine transforms heat into power.蒸汽机把热能转化成动能。
Thanks to science and technology, the area was finally transformed from a desert into an oasis.多亏了科技，这个地区终于从沙漠变成了绿洲。
&7& transformation n.（彻底的）变化，改革
Once we're on the path of growth, we can continually move through the periods of transformation and renewal.一旦我们踏上成长的道路，我们就会不断地经历变革和重新开始的时期。
定向练4
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Ten years later, Lily has transformed ______ a common-looking girl _____ a pretty young lady.
from
into
2.Recently, the film industry has undergone a dramatic ______________ （transform）.
transformation
3.The past few months have seen Shantou ___________ （transform） into a cleaner and more beautiful
city.
transformed
[解析] 句意为：过去的几个月见证了汕头转变成一个更干净美丽的城市。此处在句中作宾补，Shantou和transform之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词transformed。
My host family are big fans of country music, so I can always rely on them to introduce me to some great songs.我寄宿的主人家都是乡村音乐的“忠实粉丝”，所以我一直相信他们会给我介绍一些很棒的歌曲。 教材 P17
5 rely on 信任；指望；依赖，依靠
Don't rely on going abroad for our holiday—we may not be able to afford it.不要指望去国外度假,我们可能负担不起费用。
&8& rely on/upon sb/sth for sth 为某事依赖/依靠某人/某物
rely on/upon sb/sth to do sth 依赖/依靠某人/某物做某事；信任/指望某人/某物会做某事
rely on/upon it that… 指望/放心……（it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的that从句）
She cannot be relied on to tell the truth.别指望她能说真话。
We can't rely on him to come in time.我们不能指望他及时赶到。
You may rely on it that he will be safe.你放心好了,他一定会安全的。
&9& reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的
She was efficient and reliable.她既能干又可靠。
定向练5
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.You can rely on___ that she will come to help you, for she is honest and kind-hearted.
it
[解析] 考查rely on it that…，意为“指望/放心……”，其中it作形式宾语。
2.The news comes from a________ （rely） source.
reliable
[解析] 修饰名词source应用形容词reliable。
二、用rely on/upon的正确形式翻译句子。
1.如今我们越来越依赖电脑的协助。
_______________________________________________________________
Nowadays we rely increasingly on/upon computers for help/to help us.
2.我们可以指望你给出好的建议。
_________________________________________________________
We can rely on/upon you to offer good advice/for good advice.
3.相信他能够独立完成工作。
____________________________________________________
He can be relied on/upon to finish the task independently.
The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very suggestive of countryside surroundings… 简单的曲调和优美的自然意象常常让人联想到乡村环境……
教材P17
6 surroundings n.周围，环境
She was faced with a new job, in unfamiliar surroundings with strange people. 她面对着一份新工作，周围是陌生的环境和陌生的人。
&10& ①surrounding adj.周围的;附近的
The farm and surrounding areas were flooded.农场和周围的地区遭洪水淹没。
②surround vt.围绕；环绕；包围
be surrounded with/by… 被……围绕/包围
surround oneself with… 和……在一起；喜欢身边总有……
They love being surrounded by familiar possessions. 他们喜欢身边都是自己熟悉的物品。
He likes to surround himself with amusing people. 他喜欢身边总有言谈风趣的人。
定向练6
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.___________ （surround） by a group of children, the old man looked very happy.
Surrounded
[解析] surround与the old man之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
2.Go on climbing to the top of the peak, and you will see all the ___________ （surround） hills.
surrounding
[解析] 设空处修饰名词hills，应用形容词形式，此处表示“周围的”，故填surrounding。
3.Surround yourself _____ positive people and you will keep focused on what you can do instead of
what you can't.
with
[解析] 句意为：和乐观的人在一起，你就会专注于你可以做到的事情而不是你做不到的事情。表示“和……在一起”用surround oneself with。
4.He felt relaxed and comfortable to be back in familiar____________ （surround）.
surroundings
[解析] 句意为：他回到熟悉的环境后感到轻松且舒适。设空处由形容词familiar修饰，应用名词形式。
I guarantee you'll enjoy it! 我保证你会喜欢的!
教材P17
7 guarantee
①vt.保证，担保；确保；为（产品）提供保修
The law guarantees equal rights for men and women.法律保障男女平等。［《朗文当代》］
All our products are fully guaranteed.我们所有的产品都有全面的质量保证。
&11& guarantee （that）… 保证……；肯定……必然发生
guarantee to do sth保证做某事
guarantee sb sth向某人保证某事
be guaranteed to do sth肯定会做某事；必定会做某事
We cannot guarantee （that） our flights will never be delayed.我们不能保证我们的所有航班均不误点。［《牛津高阶》］
We guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.我们保证一周内交货。
The ticket will guarantee you free entry.这张票可保证你免费入场。
This latest incident is guaranteed to make the situation worse.最近发生的这起事件必然会使情况更加严重。［《朗文当代》］
② n.保证，担保；保修单
&12& under guarantee 在保修期内
give sb a guarantee that… 向某人担保/保证……
The watch is still under guarantee.这只手表仍在保修期内。
Can you give me a guarantee that you will keep a secret 你能向我保证你会保密吗？
定向练7
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I guarantee _________ （arrive） here on time.
to arrive
2.It is still ______ guarantee, so the manufacturer will repair it.
under
二、翻译句子。
1.他保证过会给我一个参加比赛的机会。（guarantee to do）
_____________________________________________________________
He guaranteed to give me a chance to take part in the competition.
2.这个专业也许可以保证他们找到一份好工作。（guarantee sb sth）
________________________________________
The major may guarantee them a good job.
3.我保证我会在一年内还清债务。（一句多译）
①________________________________________________________
I guarantee （that） I will pay off my debts within one year.
②_____________________________________________
I guarantee to pay off my debts within one year.
③______________________________________________________________
I give you a guarantee that I will pay off my debts within one year.
The musical piece, an adaptation of Xian Xinghai's Yellow River Cantata, tells how the Chinese people, led by the Communist Party of China, fought to overcome the Japanese invaders.这首乐曲改编自冼星海作曲的《黄河大合唱》，讲述了在中国共产党领导下的中国人民是如何为战胜日本侵略者而抗争的。
教材P19
8 adaptation n.改编本，改写本；适应
释义·理解
adaptation
①a film or book, etc that is based on a particular work
②the process of changing sth to suit a new situation
Branagh won two awards for his screen adaptation of Shakespeare's Henry V.
布拉纳因他对莎士比亚的《亨利五世》的荧幕改编获了两次奖
Charles Darwin considered adaptation to be the process in which evolution takes place.
查尔斯·达尔文认为进化是适应的过程。
&13& adapt vt.（使）适应；改装；改编
adapt （oneself） to （doing） sth （使某人自己）适应（做）某事
adapt sth for… 将某物改编/改造为……；为……改编/改造某物
So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.所以即使现在排放量开始减少了， 我们仍将面临适应气候变化的挑战。
Learning is a process in which we adapt ourselves to our surroundings.学习是我们适应周围环境的过程。
The scriptwriter helped him to adapt his novel for the screen.编剧帮助他将其所著小说改编成电影。
特别注意 adapt to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
定向练8
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The television __________ （adapt） of the stage play was very popular.
adaptation
2.The good thing about children is that they adapt very easily ___ new environments.
to
3.Shelves were built to adapt the library ____ use as an office.
for
[解析] 句意为：为了把图书馆改装成办公室用而做了一些架子。adapt sth for… 意为“为……改造某物”。
4.Fish that live in creeks or rivers have two eyes and see just fine.But those that have adapted to
______ （live） in caves lack eyes.
living
[解析] 句意为：在小溪或河里生活的鱼有两只眼睛，且视力良好。但那些适应穴居的鱼没有眼睛。
5.The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if adapted ____ television, would be a hit.
for
[解析] 句意为：导演深信，这个感人的故事如果被改编成电视剧，将会大受欢迎。此处考查adapt sth for… 的被动形式，意为“被改编成……”。
It consists of four movements: “The Song of the Yellow River Boatmen”, “Ode to the Yellow River”, “The Yellow River in Anger” and “Defend the Yellow River”.它由《黄河船夫曲》《黄河颂》《黄河愤》《保卫黄河》四个乐章组成。
教材P19
9 consist of 由……组成（或构成）
Their lives consist of the humdrum activities of everyday existence.他们的生活由日常生存的单调的活动构成。
&14& 表示“组成；构成”的其他短语
make up; be made up of; be composed of; be comprised of
特别注意 上述短语均可以表示“构成；组成”。其中，make up表示“部分构成整体”；be made up of, be composed of, be comprised of为被动形式，表示“整体由部分构成”。需注意consist of虽也表示“整体由部分构成”，但是用主动形式表示被动含义，没有被动形式，也不用于进行时态。
定向练9
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The goods mainly consist ___ food and medicines.
of
[解析] 句意为：这批货物主要包含食物和药品。
2.The United Kingdom ________ （consist） of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
consists
[解析] consist of 只能用主动语态且本句陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时。句意为：英国由大不列颠及北爱尔兰组成。
3.A crowd __________ （consist） of the wives and children of scientists staged a demonstration.
consisting
[解析] 句意为：由科学家们的妻儿们组成的队伍举行了一次游行。分析句子成分可知，设空处作后置定语，应用非谓语动词，consist of意为“由……组成”，无被动形式，与A crowd之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词。
二、一句多译。
委员会由10名成员组成。
①The committee ___________ten members. （consist）
consists of
②The committee ______________ten members. （make up）
is made up of
③Ten members _________the committee. （make up）
make up
④The committee _______________ten members. （compose）
is composed of
10 defend vt.& vi.保护，防御；辩白，辩解
It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。
You must have the courage to defend your views in front of your classmates.你得有勇气在同学们面前为你的观点辩护。
&15& defend oneself （from/against） 自卫；自我辩护
defend… against/from… 保护……免受……
All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks. 我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。［《牛津高阶》］
The wall was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea water. 修建这堵墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。
&16& ①defence （AmE defense） n.防御；保卫；辩护
in defence of为保卫/捍卫/保护……；为……辩护
There were many soldiers who died in defence of their country.曾经有许多为保卫祖国而献身的战士。
She spoke up in defence of her beliefs.她为自己的信仰辩护。
②defensive adj.防御的；保护的；保卫的
定向练10
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.White blood cells help defend the body ____________ infection.
against/from
2.The man was to make a speech ___ defence of his friend when he entered the room again.
in
二、翻译句子。
1.不论代价可能会是什么，我们都应该抵御敌人，保卫我们的城市。（defend… against…）
_________________________________________________________________
We should defend our city against the enemy whatever the cost may be.
2.我准备好为自己的构想辩护。 （defend）
_____________________________
I am ready to defend my ideas.
1
【句意】在梁山伯和祝英台这对恋人初次见面时，音乐轻柔悦耳，仿佛在对观众轻声诉说。
教材P16
&17& 状语从句的省略
在时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，可以用省略结构。
①主句的主语与从句的主语一致，且从句谓语有be动词时，可以将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
When （wewere） watching TV, we heard something strange.看电视的时候，我们听到了奇怪的声音。
He looked around as if （he was） looking for something.他向四周看，好像在找什么东西。
Don't say a word until （you are） asked to.没让你讲话就不要说话。
②从句主语为无指代的it，且从句谓语有be动词时，亦可将it 和be 动词一起省略。常见于“if/unless/when+形容词”的结构。
If （it is） possible, would you please give me some advice on how to improve my English？如果可能的话，您能就如何提高我的英语水平给我一些建议吗？
You'd better not refer to the dictionary unless （it is） necessary.除非有必要，否则你最好不要去查词典。
Give me a call when （it is） possible.有时间时给我打一个电话。
定向练1
根据汉语意思，用状语从句的省略结构完成句子。
1.如果有必要的话，我可以马上去。
____________, I can go at once.
If necessary
2.这个建议如果被接受，将意味着电气系统的根本性变化。
The suggestion, ___________,
will mean fundamental changes in the electrical system.
if accepted
3.尽管贫穷，但他对他的朋友们很慷慨。
_____________________, he is generous to his friends.
Although/Though poor
4.她从小开始弹钢琴。
_____________, she began to play the piano.
When young
We must all fight, and if necessary, die, to teach people the truth.我们都必须战斗，去告知人们真相，而且如果有必要，我们会献出我们的生命。
——《云图》
2
【句意】在愤怒和悲伤中，梁山伯病倒去世。
教材P16
&18& 形容词（短语）作状语
形容词（短语）经常放在句首或句末作状语，表原因、时间、条件或伴随等。句子主语就是其逻辑主语，有的形容词（短语）可换成相应的状语从句。
Uncertain about grammar and some idioms （=As he was uncertain about…）, Tony made a lot of mistakes in his exam.因为对语法及一些习语拿不准，托尼在考试中犯了很多错误。（表原因）
Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels （=After I was determined to be…）, I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.在我下定决心做我自己，继续向前，并且摆脱羞愧和世俗的标签后，我现在可以称自己为“马拉松冠军”。（表时间）
特别注意 有些形容词是由动词的过去分词转化过来的，表状态，并非被动形式，常见的类似的形容词有lost/absorbed （全神贯注的）, occupied （忙于……的）, involved （参与）, interested （感兴趣的）, prepared （有准备的）等。这类形容词用于“be+过去分词转化成的形容词+介词”结构时，如果该结构在句中作状语，要把形容词前的be去掉。
Absorbed in his reading （=As he was absorbed in…）, he didn't notice what had happened around him just now.他全神贯注地在看书，所以没注意到刚才发生在他周围的事情。（此处Absorbed为形容词，强调状态）
定向练2
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1._____ （lose） in thought, he almost ran against a passer-by when walking along the street.
Lost
[解析] 句意为：他陷入沉思，沿着街道走时差点撞上一位路人。
2.The survivors lay on the beach, __________ （exhaust）and ________ （shock）.
exhausted
shocked
[解析] 句意为：幸存者们躺在沙滩上，疲惫不堪又深感震惊。
3.____________ （disappoint） and ______ （anger）, Mary began to cry loudly.
Disappointed
angry
[解析] 句意为：玛丽感到失望和愤怒，开始大哭起来。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.长途旅行后，他们三人回到家，又饿又累。
After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ________________.
hungry and tired
[解析] 此处为形容词短语作状语，表伴随。
2.史蒂夫专注于写新小说，没有注意到天快黑了。（absorbed）
________________________________, Steve didn't notice evening approaching.
Absorbed in writing his new novel
3
【句意】（乡村音乐的）曲调朗朗上口，而歌词常常发人深省。
教材P17
&19& “leave+宾语+宾补”结构
“leave+宾语+宾补”结构中，宾补可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、从句等充当，该结构通常表示“让某人/某物……；使某人/某物处于某种状态”。
His laziness left him a failure in business. 他的懒惰使他经商失败了。（名词作宾补）
His illness has left him weak.疾病使他的身体虚弱。（形容词作宾补）
You should leave him in peace.你应该让他清静会儿。（介词短语作宾补）
Please leave the book where it was.请把书放在原来的地方。（从句作宾补）
They went off together and left me sitting there. 他们一起走了，留下我坐在那里。（现在分词作宾补，表示使某人或某物一直做某事）
Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened 你把门窗都牢牢地关好了吗？（过去分词作宾补，表示宾语所处的状态或动作已完成）
定向练3
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.His letter left me _______ （feel） sad all the time.
feeling
2.He screamed and ran away, leaving all his friends _________ （surprise）.
surprised
3.John rushed out in a hurry, leaving the door _________ （unlock）.
unlocked
4.What he said left me ________ （think） deeply.
thinking(共33张PPT)
Unit 2
The universal language
Period Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
敲黑板
1.语言知识：flow, greet, suitable, distant, get down to （doing） sth, there be句型的变式等。
2.语言技能：能准确掌握并恰当运用动名词作主语和宾语的用法。
必刷词汇
1._____ vi.流，流动；充满；涨起 n.流，流动；连贯；涨潮
flow
2.__________ n.（pl.__________）航天（飞行）器，宇宙飞船
spacecraft
spacecraft
3.______adj.太阳的；太阳能的拓展 ①______ _____________ 太阳能 ②____ ______ _______ 太阳系
solar
solar
energy/power
the
solar
system
4.______ vt.问候，欢迎，招呼派________ n.问候，招呼；贺词（常用复数）
greet
greeting
5.________ adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的联想 _____ vt.满足（某人）需要；相配，合身；适合
suitable
suit
6._________ n.录音，视频；录制；记录，记载 联想 _______ vt.记录，记载；录制
recording
record
7._______ adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的 联想 ________ n.距离；远方；疏远；间隔
distant
distance
8.____ ______ ___ （__________） sth 开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事
get
down
to
（doing）
核心词汇
A group of scientists and artists got down to choosing suitable music.一群科学家和艺术家开始挑选合适的音乐。
教材P21
1 get down to （doing） sth 开始做某事，开始认真注意（或对待）某事
Isn't it time that you got down to marking those papers 这时候你不是该开始阅卷了吗？
&1& 含有get的其他常用搭配
get through 完成；通过（考试等）；（电话）打通.
get around 各处走动；解决；克服；（消息）传开
get along/on with 进展；与……和睦相处
get across 被理解；把……讲清楚
get over 从疾病（或伤痛等中）恢复过来
First, I have to get through the exams.首先，我必须通过这些考试。
It's impossible to get along with him.与他和睦相处是不可能的。
I fail to get across. .my joke to the kids.我没能使孩子们明白我的笑话。
定向练1
根据汉语意思，用get的相关短语完成句子。
1.没有车出行很不方便。
It is hard to ___________ without a car.
get around
2.你没有把意思说清楚。
You didn't really __________ the meaning.
get across
3.我给他打了几次电话，但是没打通。
I phoned him several times, but I couldn't ___________.
get through
4.我们应该认真思考一下那篇论文。
We should ____________ thinking about that essay
get down to
2 suitable adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的
I hope I can find a suitable job after graduation. 我希望毕业之后能够找到一份合适的工作。
&2& be suitable for… 适合……
be suitable to do… 适合做……
I want to buy some books suitable for children. 我想买一些适合儿童（阅读）的书籍。
In my opinion, it depends.It may be suitable to speak. .quite loudly in some occasions, but for the most parts, it is better not to do so. 依我看，要视具体情况而定。也许有些场合适合很大声地讲话，但是大多数情况下，不这样做比较好。
&3& suit n.西装；一套衣服 vt.
（服装、颜色等）适合；对……方便；中……的意
suit oneself 随自己的意愿
suit sth to sth/sb 使某物适合某物/适应某人
He changed his overalls for a suit.他脱下工装服,换上了一套西服。
I don't think this coat really. .suits me.我觉得这件大衣不太适合我穿。
You can adjust the recipe to suit yourself.你可以根据自己的喜好来调整食谱。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I had great difficulty finding a ________ （suit） dress for the opening ceremony.
suitable
[解析] 设空处修饰名词dress，故用suit的形容词形式suitable。
2.Tom is a little careless, but he is otherwise quite suitable ____ the post.
for
[解析] 句意为：汤姆有点粗心，但除了这一点外他很适合这个职位。
3.People ________ （suit） for the job can apply for it.
suitable
[解析] 此句考查形容词短语作后置定语， be suitable for… 意为“适合……”。
4.I don't have anything suitable ________ （wear） for the party.
to wear
[解析] 句意为：我没有适合参加聚会的衣服。suitable后接不定式to do，意为“适合做……”。
二、翻译句子。
1.Services should be run to suit the convenience of the customers, not the staff.
__________________________________________
服务性企业的运营应方便客户，而不是员工。
2.I'm going to get myself measured for a new suit.
____________________________________
我打算给自己量尺寸以做一套新西服。
We do not know what will happen in the end, but maybe the sound of the qin will one day be heard on a distant planet.我们不知道最后会发生什么，但也许有一天，在遥远的星球上能听到中国古琴的声音。
教材P21
3 distant adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的
Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone. 从电话里听起来帕特非常冷淡和疏远。
Susan is a distant relative of mine.苏珊是我的一个远房亲戚。
释义·理解
distant
①far away in space or time
②unfriendly
③not closely related to you?
&4& be distant from… 与……距离遥远；与……不同
Since the schoolis distant from where I live, I have to get up early every day.因为学校离我住的地方很远，我每天都得早起。
&5& distance n.距离；（距离的）遥远；疏远 v.与……疏远
in the distance在远处
at a distance of在……的距离（外）
at/from a distance从远处
keep sb at a distance （=keep one's distance from sb） 与某人保持距离
distance learning 远程学习
Mountains rose in the distance.远处山峦叠起。
We watched from a distance我们从远处观看。
I've tried to be friendly but she keeps her distance.我努力向她示好，但她却一直保持着距离。
特别注意 对distance（距离）提问多用疑问词what。
定向练3
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.___ the distance is a tall tree which is said to have a history of over 500 years.
In
2.His office is ___ a distance of 10 kilometres from his house.
at
3.The foreign visitors came from a _______ （distance） country.
distant
4.Their life seemed utterly distant ______ his own.
from
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.我总是和喝酒的人保持距离。
I would always _________________from drinkers.
keep my distance
2.现代马拉松赛跑的距离是多少？
__________________ of the modern marathon
What's the distance
【句意】春秋战国时期，有位叫伯牙的古琴大师。
教材P20
&6& there be句型的变式
在there be句型的变式中，be动词可替换为appear, seem, exist, lie, stand, remain, live等词，句子要完全倒装。
There exists an ancient temple in this town, which attracts many visitors.这个小镇上有一座古庙，吸引着许多游客。
There remain many concerns.仍然存在很多担忧。
定向练
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.他的言行似乎有些不一致。
______ _____________ to be some disagreement between his words and actions.
There
seems/appears
2.路边立着一块写着“此路不通”的标牌。
______ _______ a sign by the roadside which reads “road closed”.
There
stands
动名词作主语和宾语
1 动名词的特点
（1）动名词是从动词变化而来的，所以它保留了动词的某些特征。动名词不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但可以有自己的宾语和状语，还有时态和语态的变化。
（2）动名词最大的特点是它相当于一个名词，因此，动名词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
2 动名词的时态和语态
语 态 时 态 主 动 被 动 肯定 否定 肯定 否定
一般式 doing not doing being done not being done
完成式 having done not having done having been done not having been done
People hate being praised for nothing.人们不喜欢无缘无故被赞扬。
The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing up the report in time.那位秘书因没有及时将报告打印出来而受到了责备。
We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing.我们不知道他们做了这种事情。
After having been treated in the special way, he could deal with everything around him smoothly.接受了特殊的训练后，他能顺利地处理他周围的一切事情。
3 动名词作主语
（1）动名词（短语）作主语时，通常表示抽象的、习惯性的或经常性的动作，多表示说话者对所表述的动作有过经验或多次做过。单个动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式；两个或两个以上表达不同意义的动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Cheating in an exam is an act of dishonesty.考试作弊是不诚信的行为。
Reading five books and making some social investigations are assignments for students during the holiday.学生们的假期作业是阅读五本书和进行一些社会调查。
（2）为了使一些句子保持平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，把真正作主语的动名词（短语）后置。常见句式有：
It's a waste of time doing sth做某事浪费时间
It's useless/worthwhile doing sth做某事是没用的/值得的
It's no use doing sth做某事是没用的
It was a waste of time arguing with him.与他争论就是在浪费时间。（此句中It为形式主语，真正的主语为arguing with him）
It is no use trying to persuade him to give up his idea.努力说服他放弃他的想法是徒劳的。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1._______ （take） a walk after supper is good for your health.
Taking
2.______________ （expose） to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.
Being exposed
3.It's useless _________ （spend） so much money on clothes.
spending
4._________ （learn） a language requires time and effort.
Learning
5.It's a waste of time ___________ （persuade） such a person to join us.
persuading
6._______ （save） money now seems impossible.
Saving
7.It is worthwhile ______________（read） more books.
reading/to read
二、用括号内单词的正确形式完成语段。
Since Tom went to high school, _________ （watch） TV has become a routine for him. His mother
always said, “It's a waste of time _________ （spend） hours in front of the TV.” However, Tom
always answered, “I can keep a balance between studying and watching TV.” As you know, talking ___
（be） easier than doing. Later, Tom didn't do well in the final exam and he was very sad. His mother
knew there was no point in _________ （scold） him. She told him, “It's no use _______ （cry） over
spilt milk and what you can do now is just try your best to study for the next exam.”
watching
spending
is
scolding
crying
4 动名词作宾语
（1）动名词可在及物动词后作宾语。
She was in low spirits and even considered going away.她情绪低落，甚至考虑离开。
（2）动名词可在介词后面作宾语。
They are against using so many animals in experiments.他们反对在实验中使用这么多的动物。
特别注意 动词need, deserve, require， want （需要）后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。这种结构中，doing也可转换成to be done。?
Your car needs filling.=Your car needs to be filled.你的车该加油了。
定向练2
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
I used to like to go to our local cinema. It was old and rather uncomfortable, but it had character.
Now the owner has stopped 1._________ （show） films there.However, he would like to go on
2.________ （run） the cinema, so he would need 3._________ （make） a lot of improvements, which
would mean 4._________ （spend） tens of thousands of pounds. I remember 5._________ （watch）
the last film at the cinema. It was a murder mystery. It was five minutes from the end, and we were
trying 6.________ （work） out who the murderer was when suddenly all the lights went out and the
film stopped. We sat in the dark for a few minutes, and then the owner appeared with a torch. “I
regret7._______ （tell） you,” he said, “that our electricity has failed. I don't mean 8._____________
（disappoint） you, but I'm afraid we can't show you the end of the film. We've tried 9.________
（phone） the electric company, but they said they couldn't help.” He went on 10.__________ （explain）
to the audience how the film ended. I didn't understand the story. But I don't regret11.______ （go） to
the cinema that evening.
showing
running
to make
spending
watching
to work
to tell
to disappoint
phoning
to explain
going
①常接动名词作宾语，但不接不定式作宾语的动词（短语）有：admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许
appreciate 感激 avoid 避免 consider 考虑 delay 推迟
deny 否认 discuss 讨论 dislike 不喜欢 enjoy 喜爱
escape 避开；避免 excuse 原谅 fancy 想要 finish 完成
forbid 禁止 forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 imagine 想象
keep 继续 mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 错过 pardon 原谅 permit 允许 practise 练习 prevent 阻止 prohibit 禁止 put off 推迟 risk 冒险 suggest 建议；提议 feel like想要
②有些动词（短语）既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语，但在表达的意思上有差别。
forget/remember to do sth忘记/记得去做某事
forget/remember doing sth忘记/记得做过某事
regret to say/inform/tell sth 遗憾地说/通知/告知某事
regret doing sth后悔做了某事
mean to do sth打算做某事
mean doing sth意味着做某事
try to do sth尽力做某事
try doing sth尝试着做某事
stop to do sth停下去做（另一件事）
stop doing sth停下（正在做的事）
go on to do sth接着做（别的事情）
go on doing sth继续做（原来做的事）
can't help to do sth不能帮助做某事
can't help doing sth情不自禁做某事
5 动名词的复合结构
（1）常用的动名词复合结构的形式
①形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动名词
②代词的宾格/名词+动名词
（2）动名词复合结构的句法功能
作主语时，只能用“形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动名词”形式；作宾语时可用“形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动名词”形式和“代词的宾格/名词+动名词”形式。无论作主语还是宾语，该结构事实上是给动名词附加了逻辑主语。
Tom's coming late again made his teacher angry.汤姆又迟到了，这让他的老师很生气。
Excuse me/my interrupting you.请原谅我打断你们（的谈话）。
I'm looking forward to you/your coming next time.我期待您下一次的到来。
It was quite unexpected the students finishing the exam so soon.学生们这么快就答完了考卷，这太出人意料了。
定向练3
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.She apologized to me for her __________ （be） able to inform me of the change in the plan.
not being
[解析] her not being able to… 在句中作介词for的宾语。 句意为:因为没能通知我计划有变，她向我道歉。
2.I really appreciate your ________ （help） me, but I am sure that I can manage it by myself.
helping
[解析] your helping me作动词appreciate的宾语。句意为：我真的很感激你能帮我，但我确定我自己能完成。
3.This metal's______ （be） workable is one of the reasons why it is so widely used in industry.
being
[解析] This metal's being workable作主语。 句意为：这种金属的可塑性是它在工业中应用如此广泛的原因之一。
4._____（she） not coming back made her parents worry a lot.
Her
[解析] Her not coming back 作主语。 句意为：她没回家，这让她父母很担心。
5.What worried the child most was his not______________（allow） to visit his mother in the hospital
being allowed
[解析] his not being allowed… 作表语。句意为：最让这个孩子担忧的就是他不被允许探视在医院的妈妈。(共61张PPT)
Unit 2
The universal language
Period Ⅲ
Integrated skills &Extended reading & Project
敲黑板
1.语言知识：stare, breath, sweep, accompany, expectation, gifted, prediction, depress, upset, possess, abandon, ease, variation, all of a sudden， 双重否定表肯定， not… until/till… 句型， by the time引导时间状语从句等。
2.语言技能：结合所学知识，介绍自己最爱的歌手或乐队；掌握询问更多信息的表达。
必刷词汇
1.________ n.音量，响度；体积，容积，容量；量，额
volume
2._____ vt.& vi.（过去式________，过去分词________）吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧
grab
grabbed
grabbed
3._______ vt.& vi.（过去式______,过去分词______）席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；清除 n.打扫，清扫
sweep
swept
swept
4.disc（AmE disk） n.______________________________
唱片；光碟，光盘；圆盘，圆片
5.lane n.______________________________________
（乡间）小路；小巷；车道；跑道；航线
6._______ vi.& vt.鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动 n.小溪；（人）流，（车）流
stream
7.____________ n.（pl.__________________________）手帕，纸巾
handkerchief
handkerchiefs/handkerchieves
8._____ adj.大量的，辽阔的，巨大的
vast
9.__________ n.名誉，名声
reputation
10.________ adj.聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的
brilliant
11.orchestra n.__________
管弦乐队
12._______ n.天赋，天资；天才
genius
13._________ n.变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种
variation
14.chorus n.______________________
合唱曲；副歌；合唱团
15.______ adj.宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的
grand
16.finale n.__________________________
末乐章，终场，结局；结尾
17.rhythm n.________________________
节奏，韵律，律动；规律
18.______ vi.盯着看，凝视，注视 n.盯，凝视，注视
搭配 ______ ___ 盯着看
stare
stare
at
19._______ n.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象
搭配 ____ ___ _______ 上气不接下气 联想 ________ vi.& vt.呼吸；低声说
breath
out
of
breath
breathe
20.________ adj.特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的
反 ______ adj.通常的；惯常的；平常的
联想 ________ adv.通常地；经常地
unusual
usual
usually
21.____________ adj.复杂的，难懂的
联想 ___________ vt.使复杂化；使恶化；使卷入
complicated
complicate
22.___________ vt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏
联想 _________ n.陪伴；同伴；公司
accompany
company
23.___________ n.希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望
搭配________ ______ ____________ 超出某人的预期
联想 _______ vt.期望；预期；预料
expectation
beyond
one's
expectations
expect
24.___________ adj.非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的
派 ___________ adv.显著地；不寻常地；惊人地；引人注目地
remarkable
remarkably
25.___________ adj.热情的，热心的
enthusiastic
派 ______________ adv.热情地，热心地
联想 ___________ n.热情
enthusiastically
enthusiasm
26.______ adj.有才华的，有天赋的
联想 _____ n.礼物；天赋
搭配 ①____ ______ ___ 在……方面有天赋
②______ ___ _____ ____ 有……天赋
gifted
gift
be
gifted
in
have
a
gift
for
27.__________ n.预言，预测 联想 _______ vt.预测
prediction
predict
28._____________ adj.不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的
联想 _________ adj.普通的；平常的
extraordinary
ordinary
29.________ vt.使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气
派 ① __________adj.抑郁的；沮丧的；意志消沉的；萧条的；经济困难的 ② __________n.抑郁；沮丧；
消沉;萧条期；（经济）衰退；不景气
depress
depressed
depression
30.______ adj.难过的，失望的 vt.（过去式 ______, 过去分词______）使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 派
_________ adj.令人不快（或忧虑、苦恼）的
upset
upset
upset
upsetting
31.________ vt.具有（特质）；拥有；支配，控制 派 __________ n.占有；拥有
搭配 ①___ __________ ___ 具备；拥有 ②___ ____ __________ ___ 为……所拥有
possess
possession
in
possession
of
in
the
possession
of
32._________ vt.中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 ●派 __________ adj.被离弃的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的
abandon
abandoned
33._________ adj.绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的 派 ①___________ adv.拼命地；绝望地；
极度地 ②___________ n.绝望；拼命；铤而走险 搭配 ___ ___________ 绝望地
desperate
desperately
desperation
in
desperation
34._________ adj.令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的
联想 ______ vt.提高；抬高；使振奋；鼓舞
uplifting
uplift
35._____ n.容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi.& vt.（使）宽慰，减轻
搭配 feel ___ _____ 舒适；自由自在
ease
at
ease
36.____ ___ ___ _______ 突然，猛地
all
of
a
sudden
核心词汇
I turned up the volume and stood staring at the radio, holding my breath and waiting for the first notes of the song.我调大了音量，站在那里盯着收音机，屏住呼吸，等待着这首歌的头几个音（响起）。
教材P23
1 stare
①vi.盯着看，凝视，注视
&1& stare at… 盯着……看
Generally, it's considered rude to stare at people. 通常，盯着别人看被认为是无礼的。
Why are you staring at me 你为什么盯着我看？
&2& stare at， glare at和glance at的用法区别
①stare at意为“盯，凝视”，指出于好奇、惊讶等原因长时间睁大眼直视，常含粗鲁无礼之意。
②glare at意为“怒目而视”，指出于气愤或敌意而瞪着眼看。
③glance at意为“瞥一眼”，指匆匆或迅速看一眼。
② n.凝视，盯
She gave him a blank stare.她面无表情地盯着他。
定向练1
用stare at， glare at， glance at的正确形式填空。
1.They didn't fight， but stood there _______ ___ one another.
glaring
at
2.___________ _____ him until he gets aware of it and quietens down.
Stare/Glare
at
3.The chairman________ ___ his watch and announced the meeting was over.
glanced
at
2 breath n.呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量，迹象
&3& take one's breath away令某人惊叹
take a breath吸一口气
catch one's breath喘口气；恢复正常呼吸
hold one's breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 喘不过气；上气不接下气
My first view of the island from the air took my breath away.第一次从空中看到这个岛时，我惊叹不已。
John took a deep breath and then dived into the water.约翰深吸了一口气，然后潜入了水中。
We all need to breathe to live.And even the best swimmers can't hold their breath for only so long.我们都需要呼吸才能生存。甚至最好的游泳运动员也不能长时间屏住呼吸。
Eric came running into the room, out of breath.埃里克上气不接下气地跑进了屋子。
&4& ①breathe v.呼吸
breathe in/out吸/呼气
Breathe in and hold your breath as long as possible.吸气，并尽可能长时间地屏住呼吸。
Take a deep breath and then breathe out when I tell you.深吸一口气，我告诉你（呼气）时再呼气。
②breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的；目瞪口呆的（+with）
定向练2
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.到了塔顶，他喘得上气不接下气。
Reaching the top of the tower, he was ____ ___ _______.
out
of
breath
2.人们担心他们吸入的空气的质量。
People are concerned about the quality of the air they ________ ___.
breathe
in
3.人吸入氧气，呼出二氧化碳。
Humans take in oxygen and ________ ____ carbon dioxide.
breathe
out
4.结果公布时，他屏住了呼吸。
He _____ ____ _______ when the results came out.
held
his
breath
5.如果出现这种情况，那就深呼吸，并且放慢节奏。
If this happens, _____ ___ ______ _______ and slow down.
take
a
deep
breath
Yes, the Beatles's music has accompanied me throughout my life.没错，披头士乐队的音乐陪伴了我一生。
教材P23
3 accompany vt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏
Barron invited her to accompany him to the race.巴伦邀请她陪他参加比赛。
Paris has allowed dogs to accompany their owners in restaurants for a long time.在巴黎，允许狗狗陪同主人进饭店（的法律）已经施行很长时间了。
Lightning usually accompanies thunder.闪电通常伴有雷声。
He sang and Alice accompanied him on the piano.他一边唱，艾丽斯一边用钢琴为他伴奏。
&5& company n.［U］ 陪伴；同伴；客人 ［C］公司
keep sb company 陪伴某人
in company with… 与……一起；与……同时
I'll keep you company while you're waiting.我会陪你一起等。
She arrived in company with the ship's captain.她与船长一起到达。
定向练3
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.你的护照申请表应附上两张近照。
Your passport application form ________________________ two recent photographs.
should be accompanied by
2.她的邻居们经常在夜晚与她做伴。
____________________________________ in the evenings.
Her neighbours often keep her company
3.美元与石油市场同时经历了艰难时期。
The US dollar went through a difficult time, _____________________________.
in company with the oil market
It has helped me look to the future with expectation. .and now it helps me reflect on my life with quiet satisfaction.它曾让我带着期盼展望未来，而现在，它让我平静下来，心怀满足地思考我的人生。
教材P23
4 expectation n.希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望
He has high expectations of passing the exam.他对通过考试抱有很高的期望。
&6& live up to/meet （sb's） expectations 不负（某人的）期望
in （the） expectation of… 期待……；预计会有……
contrary to/against （all） expectations （完全）没想到；与预期的相反
out of/beyond sb's expectations 出乎某人的意料；超出某人的预期
With time people will get to know me and I hope I can live up to their expectations.
随着时间的推移，人们会逐渐了解我，我也希望能不负他们的期望。
The owner of the house is unwilling to sell it in expectation of a better price.屋主不愿意卖掉这所房子，他在期待一个更好的价格。
To their disappointment, the result was contrary to expectations.令他们失望的是，结果和预期的相反。
With happiness, I take my self-confidence to unseen heights to achieve success beyond my expectations.带着幸福，我将自信提升到看不见的高度，以取得超出我期望的成功。
&7& expect vt.期待；预料，预计；要求，期望；料想，猜想
expect （sb） to do sth期望/预料（某人）做某事
You cannot expect to like all the people you will work with.不要指望你会喜欢所有将和你共事的人。
Oh, come on, you can't expect me to believe that!噢，得了吧，你别指望我会相信那件事！
定向练4
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.In ___________ （expect） of a traffic jam, I decided to walk.
expectation
[解析] 句意为：预料到会发生交通堵塞，我决定步行。
2.The concert didn't live up to our ____________ （expect）.
expectations
[解析] 句意为：这场音乐会没有达到我们的预期。
3.When a player is not on the court, he or she is expected ________ （help） the game in some other
way, such as being the timekeeper or scorekeeper.
to help
[解析] 句意为：当一名球员不在球场上时，他/她可能会以其他某种方式帮助比赛，比如当计时员或记分员。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.与预期相反，他在竞赛中没有赢。
________________ ______ _______________________, he didn't win in the contest.
Contrary/Against
to/all
expectations/ expectations
2.西湖的春景要比他预想的更加美丽。
The beauty of the West Lake in spring was ________ ____ ____________.
beyond
his
expectations
—Because I'm expecting.因为我在期待。
—Expecting what 期待什么？
—I'm expecting you to do fine without me.我期待你没有我也能表现优秀。
——《夏洛特的网》
As a gifted child, Beethoven was pushed by his father to study music day and night.作为一个有天赋的孩子，贝多芬在父亲的督促下日夜学习音乐。
教材P25
5 gifted adj.有才华的，有天赋的
To be frank, you are a gifted dancer.老实说，你是一名有天赋的舞蹈演员。
&8& be gifted in… 在……方面有天赋
be gifted with… 具有……特质
Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.布赖恩有作曲天赋，他很可能成为下一个贝多芬。
He was gifted with a charming smile.他有一副迷人的微笑。
&9& gift n.［C］天赋；才能；礼物；赠品
have/show a gift for （doing） sth在（做）某事上有天赋/表现出天赋
The girl. .has a gift for learning languages.这个女孩在学习语言方面有天赋。
定向练5
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Mozart, known as a “musical genius”, showed a gift ____ music at a very early age.
for
[解析] 句意为:莫扎特被公认为是一个“音乐天才”，他很小的时候就在音乐方面表现出了天赋。
2.Mr Bean is ______ （gift） with a sense of humour,which attracts a wide audience.
gifted
[解析] 句意为：憨豆先生天生具有幽默感，这种幽默感吸引了大量的观众。
二、一句多译。
既然你在唱歌方面如此有天赋，为什么不报名参加那个唱歌比赛呢？（gift）
①____________________________________________________________________________
②________________________________________________________________________
Since you have such a gift for singing, why not sign up for the singing competition
Since you are so gifted in singing, why not sign up for the singing competition
Many important figures in the music world, including the brilliant musician Mozart, started making predictions about Beethoven's extraordinary future.音乐界的许多重要人物，包括杰出的音乐家莫扎特，都开始对贝多芬的非凡未来作出预测。
教材P25
6 prediction n.预言，预测
&10& make a prediction/predictions作出预测
He was unwilling to make a prediction for the coming year.他不愿对来年作出预测。
&11& ①predict vt.预测；预言；预料
predict （that）… 预测……
It is/was predicted that… 据预测……
be predicted to do sth预计会做某事
It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be on our roads.很难预测无人驾驶汽车何时会在道路上出现。
A child's reading ability can be best predicted by how much a parent reads.父/母亲的阅读量可以很好地预测一个孩子的阅读能力。
It is predicted that a hurricane will strike that city next week.据预测，一场飓风将在下周侵袭那座城市。
②predictable adj.可预料的；可预见的；意料之中的
The ending to the book was entirely predictable.那本书的结局完全在意料之中。
定向练6
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The expert_________ （predict） that the talk between the two countries would succeed.
predicted
[解析] 由从句中的would可知，此处应用过去式。
2.The snow had a___________ （predict） effect on traffic.
predictable
[解析] 此处应用形容词predictable修饰effect，意为“可预见的”。
3.Making ___________（predict） is sometimes risky.
predictions
[解析] 此处作动词宾语，应用名词prediction，意为“预测；预言”，且Making后未出现不定冠词a，故用复数形式，表泛指。
4.Many specialists have been struggling to find a way __________ （predict） the earthquake.
to predict
[解析] a way to do sth意为“做某事的一种方式”。
二、根据汉语提示补全句子。
1.___ _____ _________ _____ （据预测） a typhoon was on the way.
It
was
predicted
that
[解析] 考查固定句式It is/was predicted that…，意为“据预测……”，由从句中的was可知，主句时态应用一般过去时。
2.Halley felt certain enough to ______ ___ __________ （作出预言） for what would happen in the
future.
make
a
prediction
[解析] 考查固定搭配make a prediction，意为“作出预言”。
3.Scientists still cannot _______ ______ ___________ _____ ________ （预测何时会发生地震）.
predict
when
earthquakes
will
happen
7 upset
adj.难过的，失望的；心烦意乱的，烦恼的；不快的
James was upset because he had had his wallet stolen.詹姆斯很难过，因为他的钱包被偷了。
&12& be upset about/by/at sth 对某事/物感到难过/失望
There's no point getting upset about it.犯不着为此事难过。［《牛津高阶》］
vt.（upset, upset; upsetting）使烦恼；搅乱；打翻；使（肠胃）不适
Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.无节制的人类活动极大地扰乱了生态系统。
He was so upset that, at first, he wanted to keep it a secret. 教材P25
释义·理解
upset vt.
①to make sb feel unhappy
②to make a situation go wrong
③to make sth fall over
④to make sb feel sick
She stood up suddenly, upsetting a glass of wine.她蓦然起身，碰倒了一杯酒。
n.混乱；苦恼；烦闷；肠胃病
His health has not been improved by all the upset at home.家中的纷乱使他的健康毫无起色。
&13& a stomach upset 肠胃不适
定向练7
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.You don't need to be upset ___________ the dinner jacket—there's only a little stain on it and Mother
will deal with it.
about/by/at
[解析] 句意为：你不必为晚礼服感到心烦，那上面只有一个小污点，妈妈会处理的。
2.He is always asking everyone he met challenging questions, _________ （upset） many people.
upsetting
[解析] 句意为：他总是向他遇到的每个人提出具有挑战性的问题，这让很多人感到烦恼。分析句子结构可知，此处应用现在分词作结果状语。
二、翻译句子。
1.[课标全国Ⅲ 2020·改编] I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to
keep smiling.
____________________________________________________________
我确实知道这些店员会有多不高兴，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。
2.It still upsets him when he thinks of the accident.
__________________________________
当他想起那次事故时，他仍很恼火。
3.These medicines caused people to have a stomach upset.
________________________
这些药物使人胃部不适。
“… how could I possibly admit a weakness in the one sense which should be more perfect in me than in others, a sense which I once possessed in the greatest perfection…”“……我怎么可能承认听觉有缺陷呢？这种感官在我身上应该比在其他人身上更完美，它是我曾经拥有的最完美的感官……”
教材P25
8 possess vt.具有（特质）；拥有；支配，控制
The gallery possesses a number of the artist's early works.这家画廊藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。 ［《牛津高阶》］
I'm afraid he doesn't possess a sense of humour.恐怕他没有什么幽默感。
&14& possession n.［U］拥有；持有；占有 ［C］ （一般用复数）财产；所有物
in possession of 拥有；占有
in the possession of=in one's possession （某物）为……所有
take possession of 占有；持有
The ring is one of her most treasured possessions.这枚戒指是她最珍贵的财产之一。
The manuscript is just one of the treasures in their possession.这部手稿只是他们拥有的珍藏之一。
He is in possession of that beautiful garden and the shop is in the possession of his elder brother.他拥有那座美丽的花园，而这家商店归他哥哥所有。
You cannot legally take possession of the property until three weeks after the contract is signed.合同签订三周以后，你才能合法取得这份产业的所有权。
定向练8
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The young woman now is in possession ___ all the ___________ （possession） of her father.
of
possessions
[解析] 句意为：这位年轻的女士现在拥有了她父亲的全部财产。第一空考查固定搭配in possession of，意为“拥有；占有”；第二空possession意为“财产；所有物”时，为可数名词，且常用复数。
2.We didn't take possession ___ the car until a few days after the auction.
of
[解析] 句意为：拍卖会过后几天我们才拿到那辆车。
3.True happiness does not lie in the __________ （possess） of money, but in the joy of achievement.
possession
[解析] 句意为：真正的幸福不在于拥有金钱，而在于拥有成就（带来）的喜悦。
4.The white building, having survived threats to be pulled down, is now a private house in ____
possession of a retired professor.
the
[解析] 句意为：那栋白色建筑曾经差点被拆掉，但现在是一位退休教授的私人住宅。
The music moves through technically difficult sections with ease, showing his genius as a composer.这首乐曲将技术难度很高的部分处理得轻松自如，展现了贝多芬作为作曲家的天赋。
教材P26
9 ease n.容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi.& vt.（使）宽慰，减轻
In his retirement, he leads a life of ease.他过着悠闲舒适的退休生活。
This medicine will help ease the pain.这种药物能帮助缓解疼痛。
&15& at ease 舒适；自由自在
put/set sb at ease使某人放松/自在
with ease轻易地；毫不费力地
His mind was at ease knowing that the children were safe.听说孩子们都很安全，他才放心。
His warm, inviting smile put me at ease, and we spent the next two hours talking casually.他温暖迷人的笑容使我放松下来，在接下来的两个小时里，我们随意地聊了聊天。
He passed the exam with ease.他轻而易举地通过了考试。
&16& ①easy adj.容易的,轻易的,不费力的;舒适的,安逸的
②easily adv.容易地,轻易地,不费力地;很可能
定向练9
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I never feel ___ ease in his company.
at
2.She won the 400m race _____ ease.
with
3.The plan will_____ （easy） traffic congestion in the town.
ease
4.She had the ability to put people ___ ease.
at
5.It could ______ （easy） be another year before the economy starts to show some improvement.
easily
Finally, in the fourth movement, he connects all of the different variations into a joyful chorus.最后，在第四乐章中，他把所有不同的变奏连接成一首欢快的合唱曲。 教材 P26
10 variation n.变奏，变奏曲；变化，变更；变体，变种；变异
seasonal variation季节性变化
The prices of food are subject to variation.食品的价格可能会变化。
&17& ①vary v.变化；不同；使多样化
vary from… to… 因（人，情况，时间等）而异；在……到……的范围内变化
The number of the added flights varies from year to year according to the demand shown by flight ticket booking systems.根据机票预订系统显示的（出行）需求，新增航班的数量每年都在变化。［China Daily］
②various adj.各种各样的［近］varied
Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to create special designs.熟练的工人还将各种硬木和金属结合起来，创造出独特的设计。
③variety n.不同种类；多种式样
a variety of/varieties of… 各种各样的……
The school offers a variety of after-school activities.学校提供多种课外活动。
定向练10
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The professor encouraged him to increase the _______ （vary） of the books he reads.
variety
[解析] 句意为：教授鼓励他多读几种类型的书。
2.These opinions change with time, and vary ______ place to place.
from
[解析] 句意为：这些观点会随着时间的推移和地点的不同而改变。vary from… to… 表示“因（人，情况，时间等）而异”。
3.The supermarket offers _____________ （vary） goods to choose from, so more and more people
prefer to shop there.
various/varied
[解析] 句意为：那家超市有多种商品可供选择，因此越来越多的人喜欢在那里购物。
4.We need a _______ （vary） of orchids （兰花）.
variety
[解析] 句意为：我们需要各种各样的兰花。
5._________ （vary） among humans is limited to the possible permutations （排列） of our genes.
Variation
[解析] 句意为：人类的变异受限于我们基因的那些可能存在的排列（方式）
1
【句意】但这并不奇怪。
教材P23
&18& 双重否定表肯定
在同一个英语句子中，有时会出现两个表示否定意义的词连用的情况，此种结构被称为双重否定。双重否定形式上虽为否定，但表示强烈的肯定语气。
No way is impossible to the brave.勇士面前无路不通。
We cannot succeed without your help.没有你的帮助，我们不能成功。
There is no denying that he is a liar.无可否认，他是个骗子。
定向练1
翻译句子，体会双重否定的用法。
1.I can never see the film without being moved to tears.
____________________________________
每次看那部电影，我都会感动得落泪。
2.There is no success without hardship.
________________________
所有成功都历经了艰辛。
3.We don't doubt that he will succeed in carrying out the experiment.
__________________________________
我们相信他会成功地进行这项实验。
2
【句意】没错，我是他们的头号歌迷，我迫不及待地一遍又一遍地听这首歌，最后它成了由我最喜欢的乐队演唱的我的最爱曲目。 教材P23
&19& not… until/till… 句型
（1）not… until/till… 意为“直到……才……”。该句型中，until/till可作介词，后接时间点作时间状语；until/till还可作连词，引导时间状语从句，主句常用短暂性动词（即非延续性动词）。till引导的时间状语从句不可位于句首，也不能用在强调句中，而until可以。
He didn't enter my room until/till I returned.直到我回来，他才进了我的房间。
（2）对until引导的时间状语从句/时间状语进行强调，可用以下两种形式：
①将not until引导的时间状语从句/时间状语置于句首，句子用部分倒装。其结构为:Not until+从句/表示时间的词+助动词+主语+谓语。
Not until he got back at midnight did he realize he was taken in and suffered a great loss.直到半夜回来他才意识到自己被骗了，而且蒙受了巨大的损失。
Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
Not until next week will the sports meeting be held.运动会下周才举行。
②It is/was not until… that… 强调句型。结构为:It is/was not until+从句/表示时间的词+that+句子其余部分。
It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话。
It is not until next week that the sports meeting will be held.运动会下周才举行。
It was not until 12 o'clock that I went to bed.直到12点我才睡觉。
定向练2
一、句型转换。
1.Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.
→It was ________________________ that he ____ the room.
not until the rain stopped
left
[解析] 句意为：直到雨停，他才离开房间。
2.He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.
→_____ _____ his mother came back ____ he go to bed.
Not
until
did
[解析] 句意为：直到他妈妈回来，他才去睡觉。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.直到你告诉我,我才稍微了解这件事。
Not until you told me ___________ any idea of it.
did I have
2.每天晚上直到他回来,他妻子才睡觉。
His wife won't go to bed ________________________________.
until/till he comes back every night
3.直到他回来，我才会离开这儿。
I ________________ until he comes back.
won't leave here
3
【句意】他在少年时就已经被誉为一名杰出的青年音乐家。
教材P25
&20& by the time 引导间状语从句
①by the time意为“到……的时候”， 通常引导时间状语从句。如果从句用一般过去时，主句通常用过去完成时。
By the time he was twenty years old, Jack had travelled extensively in China all by himself.到二十岁时，杰克已经独自游历了中国的很多地方。
②如果从句用一般现在时或现在完成时（表示将来），那么主句常用将来完成时，表示“截至将来某一时间，主句动作将已经完成”。
By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 4 years.到明年毕业时，我就已经在这里住了4年了。
③如果主句不强调动作已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况（主句中谓语是be动词等表示状态的动词，或是know, find, believe等表示认知的持续性动词），主句往往根据实际需要选用适当的时态，不用完成时态。此时by the time相当于when。
By the time the plane landed, so many people were waiting excitedly.当飞机降落时，很多人都在激动地等待着。
定向练3
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ______________（graduate） from college.
had graduated
[解析] 句意为：当杰克从英格兰回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。by the time 引导的从句若使用一般过去时，主句通常用过去完成时，表示在此时主句中的动作已经完成。
2.When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the time we ______ （hang）
up, her voice had been full of life.
hung
[解析] 句意为：当我与祖母（刚开始）通电话时，她听起来很虚弱，但是到我们挂电话的时候，她的声音已经充满活力了。by the time所引导的从句后的主句用了过去完成时，因此从句谓语应用一般过去时。
3.By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _____________（leave）for London to attend a meeting.
will have left
[解析] 句意为：等到简回到家时，她的姑姑将已经启程前往伦敦去参加会议了。By the time引导的从句用了一般现在时，主句应用将来完成时。
4.He was out of breath by the time he ________ （reach） the top of the mountain.
reached
[解析] 此处by the time相当于when。
写作仿 介绍自己最爱的歌手或乐队
素材储备
1.篇章结构
第一部分：介绍歌手或乐队的基本信息；
第二部分：阐述该歌手或乐队的音乐特点及对你的影响，解释你最爱的原因；
第三部分：描述与你最爱的歌手或乐队有关的难忘经历（此部分也可以放在文章开头作为导入）。
2.常用表达
As is known to us, … 众所周知，……
have a great influence on… 对……有很大的影响
There is no denying that… 不可否认的是……
There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问……
Nothing can prevent me from… 没有什么能够阻止我……
They are very popular among people.他们很受人们的欢迎。
When I listen to these songs, I feel relaxed.当我听这些歌曲时，我感到放松。
His/Her music can always cheer me up and encourage me whenever I get into difficulties.每当我遇到困难时，他/她的音乐总是能够使我振奋起来，并给予我鼓励。
Sometimes it can bring me to a magical world.有时它能把我带到一个奇妙的世界。
It can make me feel relaxed both mentally and physically, thus helping reduce mypressure of study.它可以让我在精神上和身体上都感到放松，从而帮助我减轻学习压力。
模拟演练
假定你是李华，你的加拿大朋友Freddy在给你的邮件中提到他最近对音乐很感兴趣，想请你介绍一下你最喜欢的歌手或乐队，请你给Freddy写一封回信，要点如下：
1.你最喜欢的歌手或乐队是谁；
2.简单介绍该歌手或乐队；
3.喜欢的理由。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Freddy,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Freddy,
It's great to hear from you.As for my favourite band, it must be the Beatles, a rock and roll group from England.The Beatles invaded America in 1964 and released their first album in the United States.No matter what their new songs were, they could definitely hit the jackpot, making the listeners crazy about them.The Beatles looked different and sounded different from any other musical group before them.They are so charming and fantastic that I can sing most of their songs.
If you want to know more, please let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
请总结你学到的有用表达：
【高级词汇】
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【高级句式】
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
