北师大版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Humour 知识·技能·考试重难点 课件(共37张PPT)

(共37张PPT)
Unit 4
Humour
知识·技能·考试
戳考点本单元高频考点：1.pretend 2.anxiety 3.embarrass 4.confuse 5.announce 6.amuse 7.rely 8.astonish 9.contrary 10.fortunate
1.pretend
（1）pretend在语法填空中常考查固定搭配“pretend to be + n./adj.”和pretend to do sth。
例1 [江苏宿迁2022高二期末统考·改编] I had been wondering how my mother could pretend ______
（be）surprised at this gift from her sixth child.
to be
例2 It is generally acknowledged that a soccer player shouldn't pretend_______ （fall） down in a match.
to fall
（2）pretend在完形填空中常考查对其词义的把握。
例3 Take the donkey to the place where you tie him every day.___ to tie him using an imaginary rope.I
promise he won't run away.
D
A.Believe B.Learn C.Wish D.Pretend
2.anxiety
anxiety在语法填空中常考查词性转换，其形容词形式为anxious，副词形式为anxiously。
例1 [北京2022·改编] Early last year, I was troubled by an________ （anxious） that crippled （削弱）
my ability to do anything.
anxiety
[解析] 根据设空处前的an可知，此处应用名词形式作介词by的宾语。
例2 Although I searched the sidewalk __________ （anxious） for fifteen minutes, my wallet was
nowhere to be found.
anxiously
3.embarrass
（1）embarrass在语法填空中常考查词性转换，常考查其形容词embarrassing和embarrassed的用法以及其名词形式embarrassment。
例1 But even Olympic athletes have had their share of difficult，heart-breaking，or ____________
（embarrass） moments.
embarrassing
[解析] 设空处修饰moments，表示有些时刻是“令人尴尬的”，故填embarrassing。
例2 Joe was so ____________ （embarrass） that he quickly put everything back into his luggage.
embarrassed
[解析] 设空处修饰人，表示人“感到尴尬的”，故用embarrassed。
例3 While leaving my home, I was plagued （困扰） by thoughts of ______________ （embarrass）,
denial, or being received but looked down on sceptically.
embarrassment
[解析] 句意为：在我出家门的时候，想到会难堪、被拒绝或者虽然被接受但会被心存怀疑地轻视，我饱受困扰。设空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词形式。
（2）embarrass在完形填空中常考查对其词义及其派生词词义的把握。
例4 [天津2020年5月·改编] Embarrassed, as usual, I fled the scene.However, later when I learned from
my friends that my dad defeated all competitors and won everyone's admiration, I found that mixed in
with my ___ was a touch of pride.
C
A.confusion B.encouragement C.embarrassment D.fascination
[解析] 根据上文中的Embarrassed可知，此处表示作者发现自己在尴尬中还感到一丝骄傲，两种情感混杂在一起，故C项符合语境。
4.confuse
confuse在语法填空中的考法涉及:①考查词性转换，其名词形式为confusion；②考查其形容词confused和confusing的区别。
例1 [浙江2022年6月·改编] Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today， I am no longer _________
（confuse） by this city's sounds and smells.
confused
[解析] 句意为：如今穿过布鲁克林的大街，我不再被这座城市的声音和气味所困惑。设空处应用形容词confused作表语，意为“感到困惑的”。
例2 [全国新高考Ⅱ2020·改编] The woman looked at him in__________ （confuse） and said
something about changing her clothes.
confusion
[解析] 句意为：女士困惑地看着他，说了一些关于更换自身衣物的话。in confusion为固定搭配，此处意为“困惑地”。
例3 Lucy found herself being examined in hospital when she opened her eyes, which seemed to be a
__________ （confuse） situation.
confusing
[解析] 句意为：露西睁开眼睛的时候发现自己正在医院接受检查，这似乎是一个令人困惑的局面。confusing意为 “令人困惑的”，用来修饰事或物；confused意为 “感到困惑的”，用来修饰人，此处修饰situation，应用confusing。
5.announce
（1）announce在语法填空中常考查词性转换，常考查其名词形式announcement及其固定搭配make an announcement,意为“发表公告”。
例1 [河南南阳2022高三月考] David Beasley，WFP Executive Director， said the _____________
（announce） made by the Norwegian Nobel Committee turned the global spotlight on the 690 million
people exposed to severe levels of food insecurity.
announcement
[解析] 分析句子结构可知，said后为宾语从句，设空处在从句中作主语，且设空处前有定冠词the；空后made by… 为过去分词短语作后置定语，应用名词形式announcement。
例2 [安徽芜湖一中2022一模联考] China has formally made an_____________（announce）of its first
five national parks of 230,000 square kilometres from Tibet to Hainan, focusing on preservation of its
most valuable bio-resources.
announcement
[解析] 根据设空处前的an可知，此处应用可数名词单数形式作made的宾语。make an announcement 为固定搭配，意为“发表公告”。
（2）announce在完形填空中常考查对其词义的把握。
例3 Excitement and pride filled my heart as I heard the dean ___ that I graduated with “the highest
honour”, and was chosen as one of the most outstanding graduates in the College of Liberal Arts.
D
A.comment B.complain C.admit D.announce
[解析] 句意为：当我听到院长宣布我以最高荣誉毕业，并被选为文学院最优秀的毕业生之一时，我既兴奋又自豪。
6.amuse
amuse在语法填空中常考查词性转换，常考查其形容词amusing和amused及二者的辨析，以及其名词形式amusement 。
例1 Sometimes even the context doesn't help much—the result can be _________ （amuse）. These
sentences play with the double meaning of a noun.
amusing
[解析] 设空处作表语，用于说明the result的性质，应用amusing。
例2 [湖北武汉2022高二月考] But in fact, ancient Greeks would probably be equally________ （amuse）
by the inclusion of beach volleyball at our modern Games.
amused
[解析] 设空处作表语，修饰ancient Greeks，表示“被逗乐的”，故填amused。
例3 [全国新高考Ⅰ2020·改编] Museums must compete for people's spare time and money with other
____________ （amuse）.
amusements
[解析] 根据语境可知，此处表示博物馆必须与其他的娱乐活动竞争，获得人们的空闲时间与金钱，amusement表示“娱乐活动”时，常用复数形式。
7.rely
rely在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查固定搭配rely on/upon，常结合宾语从句来考查;②考查词性转换，其形容词形式为reliable。
例1 You can rely on ___ that I will keep the secret for you.
it
例2 [全国乙2021·改编] Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just
over a quarter （29%） rely only ________ their smartphones, according to a survey （调查）.
on/upon
例3 Once you call someone a friend, he must be a person who is ________ （rely） and whose
interests are in common with yours.
reliable
8.astonish
astonish在语法填空中常考查词性转换，其形容词形式为astonishing和astonished，且涉及二者的辨析。
例1 [全国新高考Ⅰ2021·改编] When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,
the skies and lands were alive with an ___________ （astonish） variety of wildlife.
astonishing
[解析] 此处修饰variety of wildlife，指物，应用astonishing，表示“令人惊叹的”。
例2 [全国新高考Ⅰ2021·改编] The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature
gets, the hotter the spring! Strange, isn't it But that's how nature is—always leaving us __________
（astonish）.
astonished
[解析] 此处为“leave+宾语+宾补”结构，设空处作宾补，表示人的情感，意为“感到惊讶的”，应用-ed形式的形容词。
9.contrary
contrary在语法填空中常考查其固定搭配。
例1 [全国新高考Ⅰ2020·改编] And contrary ___ existing research that says you should avoid eating
with heavier people who order large portions （份）, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really
need to avoid.
to
[解析] 句意为：现有的研究认为应该避免与点大份食物的体型较大的人一起吃饭，但与之相反，你真正需要避免的是与那些又高又瘦却胃口很大的人一起吃饭。contrary to… 意为“与……相反”。
例2 [天津一中2023高二期末·改编] If you associate with positive people, you are definitely going to
achieve success.____ the contrary, the opposite happens.
On
[解析] 设空句句意为：反之，会出现相反的情况。on the contrary意为“相反”。
10.fortunate
fortunate在语法填空中常考查词性转换，常考查其名词fortune，反义词unfortunate，副词fortunately及其反义词unfortunately。
例1 ___________, Adams made a big ________ by doing business with a foreign company, which was
really _________ for him.（fortune）
Fortunately
fortune
fortunate
[解析] 第一个空位于句首，作状语，修饰后面整个句子，应用副词Fortunately；make a big fortune意为“赚大钱”；be fortunate for sb意为“对某人来说是幸运的”。
例2 Meggie has been _________ （fortune） to find a job she loves, and what's more, she gets well
paid for it.
fortunate
[解析] 固定搭配be fortunate to do sth意为“很幸运做某事”。
例3 _____________ （fortune）, I then noticed that I only had 10 minutes left to complete the rest.
Unfortunately
[解析] 句意为：不幸的是，我那时注意到自己只剩十分钟来完成剩下的内容了。设空处位于句首，作状语，应用副词形式；且结合句意可知，此处表示“不幸的是”，故填Unfortunately。
时文领读
主题：人与自我——正确的人生态度
语篇类型：说明文
词数：364
难度：中
阅读用时：8分钟
背景导入：快乐是一种感受良好时的情绪反应，其产生的原因包括拥有健康和爱情、感到安全等，而快乐常见的表达方式是笑。那么如何才能保持快乐呢？
阅读技巧：训练提取文中细节信息、归纳文章标题的能力。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅
读技巧
两个when引导时间状语从句 To be… 为不定式短语作目 的状语 make happiness a habit为 “make+宾语+宾补”结构，其 中名词作宾补 how to stay happy为“疑问 词+不定式”作宾语；no matter what引导让步状语从 句 Most folks are about as happy as they make up their minds to be.—Abraham Lincoln Happiness is a choice: You can choose to be sad when everything is going well for you and you can choose to be happy even when nothing seems right. To be happy at all times, you need to make happiness a habit and not just an act. I believe that the following points will show you how to stay happy no matter what happens. 结构分析 文
章用亚伯拉
罕·林肯的名
言引出话
题：快乐。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅
读技巧
that引导同位语从句 Next time引导时间状语从 句，其中as if引导表语从句 you should… 为省略了关系 词的定语从句，修饰先行词 things By the time引导时间状语从 句 that引导宾语从句 Be grateful Gratitude is a sign of appreciation and you ought to show appreciation of life. Always wake up every morning in acknowledgement① of the fact that someone died the previous night but you didn't and someone did not wake up but you did. Let me give you a little exercise: Next time you feel as if everything is working against you and there is nothing to be thankful for, pick up a pen and a piece of paper and make a list of things you should be thankful for. By the time you finish this little exercise, I can assure② you that you will feel better. 主旨大意 第
二段进一步
阐述快乐可
以选择，并
引出下文要
介绍的几条
保持快乐的
建议。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅
读技巧
result from… 意为“由…… 引起” how sad you may be为宾语 从句，作regardless of的宾 语，how在从句中作程度状 语 As引导时间状语从句 which引导非限制性定语从 句，指代certain hormones under control意为“处于控制 之下” that引导定语从句，修饰先 行词matters, that在从句中作 主语 Exercise regularly Unhappiness can result from too much stress on our bodies and minds. Scientists believe that 20 minutes of exercise can make you happy regardless of how sad you may be. Exercise raises your heart rate and triggers a surge③ of hormonal changes. As your heart begins to pound, certain hormones are released, which will make you create a sense of total well-being.You begin to feel well again, and the mind stress is gone and everything is under control.Another thing you can do is taking a walk, and this works for me all the time. When you take a walk, you are able to think over matters that are bothering you and come up with solutions to them. 主旨大意 此处给出第一条建议：感恩。感恩自己所拥有的，你会更快乐。主旨大意此处给出的建议是：经常锻炼。当你运动时，心率会加快，刺激荷尔蒙的分泌，从而使精神压力消失，产生
一种幸福感。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅
读技巧
devote… to… 意为“致力 于……；献身于……” even if引导让步状语从句 Make somebody happy The best way to cheer yourself up is to try to cheer somebody else up.—Mark Twain When you sow happiness, you reap④ happiness. Mother Teresa knew this secret so well; she devoted her life to helping others even if it simply meant putting a smile on someone's face. 主旨大意 此处给出的建
议是：使别人快乐。本
段开头引用了马克·吐温
的名言加以佐证。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅
读技巧
Whenever引导时间状语从句两个that引导并列的宾语从句，作remember的宾语，第一个that可省略，第二个that不可省略 last在此为动词，意为“持续”develop在此意为“养成” Be optimistic Change is inevitable⑤ and no situation is permanent⑥. Whenever you are feeling sad or depressed, always remember that it's temporary and that tomorrow will be better.Tough times don't last but tough people do. Develop a positive attitude and be optimistic. ①acknowledgement n.承认；感谢 ②assure vt.向……保证；使确信 ③surge n.激增；一大批 ④reap vt.收获；获得；取得 ⑤inevitable adj.不可避免的；必然发生的 ⑥permanent adj.永久的；永恒的 主旨大意 最后一部分给出的建议是：保持乐观。变化是避免不了的，但我们要保持乐的心态。
主旨大意 What can be a suitable title for the text 本文首先提出“快乐是一种选择，无论怎样，我们都可以选择快乐”，并给出了感恩、经常锻炼、使别人快乐、保持乐观等建议，告诉我们如何获得快乐。因此，本文的标题可用：How to Stay Happy No Matter What Happens。
续表
【译文】
对于大多数人来说，他们认定自己有多快乐，就有多快乐。——亚伯拉罕·林肯
快乐是一种选择：当一切顺利时，你可以选择悲伤；当好像没什么好事时，你也可以选择快乐。想要时刻保持快乐的话，你需要让快乐成为一种习惯，而不仅仅是一种行为。我相信以下几点会告诉你如何保持快乐，不管发生什么。
感恩
感恩是感激的标志，你应该对生活表示感激。每天早上醒来都要感激这一事实，即有人在前一天晚上去世了，但你没有；有人没有醒来，但你却醒了。让我告诉你一个小练习：下次你觉得好像一切都在和你作对，没有什么值得感激的时候，拿起一支笔和一张纸，列出你应该感谢的事情。当你完成这个小练习的时候，我可以向你保证，你会感觉好些了。
经常锻炼
不快乐可能是由于我们给身体和思想太大压力造成的。科学家认为20分钟的锻炼可以让你感到快乐，无论你有多悲伤。锻炼会提高你的心率并引发荷尔蒙的激增。当你的心脏开始剧烈跳动时，某些荷尔蒙会被释放出来，它们会使你产生一种强烈的幸福感。（因而）你又开始感觉良好，精神压力消失，一切都恢复正常了。你可以做的另一件事是散步，这对我来说总是有效的。当你散步的时候，你能够仔细思考那些困扰你的事情，并且想出解决办法。
使别人快乐
让自己高兴起来的最好办法就是试着让别人高兴起来。——马克·吐温
当你播种快乐时，你也会收获快乐。特蕾莎修女很清楚这个秘密，她一生都在致力于帮助别人，即使这仅仅意味着使别人微笑。
保持乐观
变化是不可避免的，没有什么情况是永久的。每当你感到悲伤或沮丧时，永远记住这是暂时的，明天会更好。艰难的时光不会持续太久，但坚强的人会走到最后。培养积极的态度，保持乐观（的心态）。
真题展示
[山西怀仁2022高二期末·改编] When A33, a theatre in Beijing, hosted a new stand-up comedy （单口喜剧） show, to the surprise of the organisers, nearly 250 people turned up and laughed together.Six years ago, that would have been unbelievable.Indeed, there were even cases of shows having more performers than viewers.
One performer said, “Many people are worried about the future of stand-up comedy, a genre （类型） that is very popular in the US, after its introduction in China.Can it adapt itself here But as the results show, there is no need to worry.We have survived and carried on some of the best American traditions.”
Programmes such as Rock & Roast, a comedy talk show competition, which are thought to help people reduce their pressure, and drive audiences to offline performances for a real laugh.“Generally, our audiences are in the 20—35 age group, but recently some older people are reported to go to the theatre,” said the founder of Beijing Comedy Centre.
Compared to traditional Chinese comedy performances, the stand-up comedy has a lower bar as it doesn't require years of professional training.This allows everyone to take part.Work experience and personal observations of life are the sources of their inspiration.Different lives and jobs make the performances varied, giving them unique individual colours.
The development of the industry in China is inspiring.However, some performers in the industry are worried and they give a warning: There is huge space for the genre in China, but we should be careful of growing too fast as the market still needs good works.
In China, many fresh college graduates join.Through their efforts, the industry will improve its standards and popularity as well as influence.
1.What can we learn about the stand-up comedy from Paragraph 2 ( )
A
A.It develops well in China. B.It is created by Americans.
C.It faces an uncertain future. D.It is very popular in Beijing.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段中的But as the results show, there is no need to worry.可知，单口喜剧在中国发展得很好。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了单口喜剧在中国的兴起。
2.Why can everyone join the stand-up comedy industry ( )
C
A.They have a gift for talking. B.It needs plenty of performers.
C.It needs no professional backgrounds. D.Most people have a sense of humour.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段中的the stand-up comedy has a lower bar as it doesn't require years of professional training可知，每个人都可以加入单口喜剧行业，因为它不要求专业背景。故选C项。
3.What is the suggestion for the stand-up comedy according to Paragraph 5 ( )
B
A.Learning from America. B.Offering quality contents.
C.Keeping creating works. D.Employing fresh graduates.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第五段中的we should be careful of growing too fast as the market still needs good works可知，喜剧行业的表演者给出的建议是中国的单口喜剧行业仍需要创造出高质量的作品。故选B项。
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text ( )
A
A.The Stand-up Comedy: a Rising Industry B.A33: a Quickly Growing Comedy Theatre
C.Why Does the Stand-up Comedy Get Popular D.How Does the Stand-up Comedy Survive in China
[解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段内容和最后一段In China, many fresh college graduates join.Through their efforts, the industry will improve its standards and popularity as well as influence.可知，本文主要是围绕单口喜剧是中国的新兴行业，并且发展得很好、很有前景这些方面进行阐述的。故A项（单口喜剧：一个新兴的行业）最适合作为本文的标题。
【微技能】如何选择文章的最佳标题
选择标题类题目属于主旨大意题的一种，主要考查学生对文章内容的概括和归纳能力。解答此类题目的具体做法如下：
（1）寻找文章主题句。一般来说，文章的首段和尾段都会紧扣文章主题，表达文章中心思想。想要确定文章标题，首先应该重点阅读文章的首段和尾段，获取有关主题和中心思想的信息。
（2）浏览文章其余部分，寻找论据。文章或段落中的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释或说明；确定主题句后，需通过阅读文章其余部分，寻找支撑和论证主题的关键词。
（3）比对选项，确定答案。在整体把握文章内容后，需仔细推敲各个选项，仔细比对相关信息，从而选出正确答案。 例如本篇的第4题，根据文章的首段和尾段内容，即可确定文章的主题，通过提炼相关内容，即可得出文章的最佳标题是“The Stand-up Comedy：a Rising Industry”。