北师大版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 5 Education 知识·技能·考试重难点 课件(共33张PPT)

(共33张PPT)
Unit 5
Education
知识·技能·考试
戳考点本单元高频考点：
1.relate 2.puzzle 3.disappoint 4.contribute 5.expose
6.behave 7.obvious 8.assume 9.beneficial
1.relate
relate在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查固定搭配relate to；②考查形容词短语related to作后置定语；③考查其形容词形式related。
例1 Although our mood relates ___ having various food, it is not quite as simple as choosing the food
for the right occasions.
to
[解析] 句意为：尽管我们的心情与吃各种各样的食物有关，但这并不像为合适的场合选择食物那么简单。考查短语relate to，意为“与……相关”，故填to。
例2 According to the study, most countries have at least two issues _______ （relate） to malnutrition.
related
[解析] 句意为：据该研究表示，大部分国家都至少有两个与营养不良有关的问题。此处related to malnutrition作后置定语修饰two issues。
例3 [天津2021年3月·改编] Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all _______ （relate）
areas.
related
2.puzzle
puzzle在语法填空中常考查词性转换，形容词puzzled意为“困惑的”；puzzling意为“令人困惑的”。
例 “Let's go out to the garage for a minute.” ________ （puzzle）, Shawn followed his father into the
garage.
Puzzled
[解析] 设空处位于句首，在句中作状语；表示人感到“困惑的”用形容词puzzled。句意为：“我们出去到车库里待一会儿。”肖恩迷惑不解地跟着父亲走进了车库。
3.disappoint
（1）disappoint在语法填空中常考查词性转换，常转换为形容词disappointed或名词disappointment。
例1 [重庆西南大学附中2023高二期末] Judging from Blake's ____________ （disappoint） look, his
parents knew that he was just given a B as he was hoping for an A.
disappointed
[解析] 设空处作定语，修饰名词look（表情），表示“失望的”，要用-ed形式的形容词。
例2 I called her office and her mobile phone.To my ______________ （disappoint）, there has been no
answer from either line.
disappointment
[解析] 句意为：我打了她办公室的电话和她的手机。令我失望的是，两边都无人接听。to one's disappointment意为“使某人失望的是”。
（2）disappoint在完形填空中常考查对形容词disappointed的词义的把握。
例3 At midnight, the Goddess of Wealth came for her yearly visit.She was ___ to see darkness
everywhere in the kingdom.
D
A.delighted B.satisfied C.excited D.disappointed
[解析] 根据语境可知，看到王国到处都是黑暗，“财富女神”应是感到失望（disappointed）。
4.contribute
contribute在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查词性转换，其名词形式为contribution；②考查固定短语contribute to （促成；增进；对……的贡献）。
例1 [河南平顶山2023高二联考·改编] The UN urges governments around the world to take measures to
heighten public awareness of the important ____________ （contribute） of volunteering.
contribution
例2 [全国新高考Ⅰ2021·改编] Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute ___ some of
these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
to
5.expose
（1）expose在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查非谓语形式，过去分词作后置定语；②考查词性转换，名词形式为exposure。
例1 John Snow was determined to help ordinary people _______________ （expose） to the cholera
（霍乱）.
exposed
[解析] expose与被修饰词ordinary people之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。
例2 Skin can be damaged by _____________________ （expose） to the strong sunlight.
exposure/being exposed
[解析] by后接名词或动名词作宾语，皮肤应是“被暴露于强光下”，故用动名词的被动式；也可填名词exposure, exposure to表示“暴露于”。
（2）expose在完形填空中常考查对其形容词exposed的词义的把握。
例3 [全国乙2022] They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies
___.
A
A.exposed B.examined C.untouched D.imbalanced
[解析] 根据语境可知，小孩子在玩捉迷藏时，经常会出现只挡住眼睛但露出身体的情况。exposed意为“无遮蔽的”，符合语境。
6.behave
behave 在语法填空中常考查词性转换，其名词形式为behaviour,意为“行为”。
例 [全国新高考Ⅱ2022·改编] Teachers and chaperones should model good __________ （behave） for
the group and remain with students at all times.
behaviour
[解析] 设空处前有形容词good修饰，作model的宾语，应填behave的名词形式behaviour。
7.obvious
（1）obvious在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查词性转换，常考查其副词形式obviously；②考查常用句型It is obvious that…。
例1 __________ （obvious）, he enjoyed his work and made great progress.
Obviously
[解析] 此处应用obvious的副词形式在句中作状语。
例2 ___ is obvious that the hopes, goals, fears and desires vary widely between men and women.
It
[解析] 设空处在句中作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
（2）obvious在完形填空中常考查对其派生词obviously的词义的掌握。
例3 [浙江2020年7月] The lamb had become seperated from its mother, so I jumped out of the tractor
to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat… This was so unexpected because I had put the handbrake on
when I jumped out.___ Don had somehow made the vehicle move.
D
A.Fortunately B.Generally C.Immediately D.Obviously
[解析] 句意为：这只小羊和它的妈妈走散了，所以我跳下拖拉机去照顾它，而唐还坐在他的座位上……这很意外因为我跳下拖拉机时已经拉好了手刹，显然，唐不知怎么使拖拉机开动了。
8.assume
assume在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查词性转换，其名词形式为assumption；其连词形式为assuming;②考查句型assuming （that）... 。
例1 We need to challenge some of the basic ____________ （assume） of Western philosophy.
assumptions
[解析] 句意为：我们需要挑战西方哲学的一些基本猜想。
例2 __________ （assume） everything goes well, the bridge under construction will be completed and
open to the public next year.
Assuming
[解析] 句意为：假设一切进展顺利，这座正在修建的桥将于明年竣工并对公众开放。assuming （that）... 表示“假如/假设……”。
9.beneficial
beneficial在语法填空中常考查固定搭配be beneficial to sb/sth，意为“对某人/某物有益”。
例 Good health is beneficial ___ your work and study.
to
[解析] 考查固定搭配be beneficial to sth。
时文领读
主题：人与自我——终身学习
语篇类型：议论文?
词数：458?
难度：难?
阅读用时：8分钟
背景导入：学习应该贯穿一个人的一生，因为学习不仅对我们自己有益，更对社会发展有着积极作用。我们来看看其他国家为了鼓励终身学习都采取了哪些措施吧。
阅读技巧：通过主旨句总结文章大意及段落大意。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技
巧
who引导定语从 句，修饰those a public good公共 利益 whose引导定语从 句，修饰a public good spill over 扩散，蔓 延 If new ways of learning are to help those who need them most, policymakers should be aiming for something far more radical （根本的）.Because education is a public good whose benefits spill over to all of society, governments have a vital role to play—not just by spending more, but also by spending wisely. 段落大意第一段：
点明观点，即各国
政府在教育上要发
挥重要作用——不
仅要增加投入，还
得把钱花得明智。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技
巧
pick up获得；学会 Lifelong learning starts at school. As a rule, education should not be narrowly vocational①.The curriculum② needs to teach children how to study and think.The focus on “metacognition （元认知）” will make them better at picking up skills later in life. 段落大意第二段：
过渡段，介绍终身
学习的背景。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
that引导定语从句， 修饰vouchers it is early days 言 之过早；为时尚早 But the biggest change is to make adult learning routinely③ accessible to all. One way is for citizens to receive vouchers that they can use to pay for training.Singapore has such “individual learning accounts”; it has given money to everyone over 25 to spend on any of 500 approved courses.So fareachcitizen has had only a few hundred dollars, but it is early days. 段落大意第三段：给出政府行为的例证，以新加坡为例，列出其政府推动国民终身学习的方式。
词义猜测猜测vouchers的含义：根据前后句可知，
这是可以用来付账的东西,所以可能是代金券之类的东西。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技
巧
paid for by taxpayers为过去分 词作后置定语 that引导定语从句， 修饰 courses which引导定语从 句，修饰a telecommunications firm equip… with… 使……具备…… for whom引导定语 从句，修饰those Courses paid for by taxpayers risk being wasteful. But industry can help by guiding people towards the skills it wants and by working with MOOCs and colleges to design courses that are panies can also encourage their staff to learn.AT&T, a telecommunications firm which wants to equip its workforce with digital⑤ skills, spends ?$30 million a year on reimbursing （补偿） employees' tuition costs.Trade unions can play a useful role as organisers of lifelong learning, particularly for those—workers in small firms or the self-employed—for whom company-provided training is unlikely.A union-run training programme in Britain has support from political parties and the public. 段落大意第四段：
提出问题，从业
界、公司、工会三
方面给出解决办
法。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技
巧
that引导定语从句； it在从句中作形式宾 语，真正的宾语为 后面的不定式短语 To make all this training worthwhile, governments need to cut the licencing requirements and other barriers that make it hard for newcomers to enter occupations.Rather than asking for 300 hours' practice to qualify someone to wash hair, for instance, the state of Tennessee should let hairdressers decide for themselves who is the best person to hire. 段落大意第五段：
针对政府应该采取
的措施提出建议。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技
巧
many of whom引导 非限制性定语从 句，修饰men in blue-collar jobs have access to… 有接触……的机会 Not everyone will successfully navigate⑥ the shifting job market.Those most at risk of technological disruption（技术颠 覆） are men in blue-collar jobs, many of whom reject taking less “masculine （男子气概的）” roles in fast-growing areas such as health care.But to keep the number of those left behind to a minimum, all adults must have access to flexible, affordable training.The 19th and 20th centuries saw stunning （令人震惊的） advances in education.That should be the scale of the ambition today. 段落大意第六段：
其他可能出现的问
题及解决方法。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技
巧
①vocational adj.职业的 ②curriculum n.（学校等的）全部课程；课程 ③routinely adv.例行地;惯常地 ④relevant adj.有关的 ⑤digital adj.数字的 ⑥navigate vt.有效应对；确定……的方向
续表
【译文】
如果新的学习方式是要帮助那些最需要它们的人，那么政策制定者应该力求实行更加根本性的举措。 因为教育是一项公共事业，其益处会延及整个社会，所以政府要发挥重要作用——不仅要增加投入，还得把钱花得明智。
终身学习始于学校。一般来说，教育不应该狭隘地职业化。课程应当教会孩子们如何学习和思考。 注重“元认知”将帮助他们在日后的生活中更善于学习技能。
但最大的改变是让所有成年人都能常态化地进行学习。一个方法是向国民发放代金券，让他们可以用来支付培训费用。新加坡就有这样的“个人学习账户”；该国向所有25岁以上的国民发放资金，可用于学习500种经认可的课程中的任意课程。 到目前为止，每个国民只拥有几百美元的资金，但这才刚刚开始。
由纳税人付费的课程有浪费的风险。但业界可以提供帮助，引导人们学习业界所需的技能，并和慕课及大学院校合作设计相关课程。公司也可以鼓励员工学习。电信公司AT&T希望其员工具备数字化技能，
该公司每年支出3，000万美元用来补贴员工的学费。工会可以发挥积极作用，组织终身学习，尤其是帮助那些小公司的员工或自由职业者，这些人不大可能获得公费培训（的机会）。在英国，一个工会组织的培训项目同时得到了政党和民众的支持。
要让所有这些培训是值得的，政府需要降低许可要求以及其他阻碍新人入行的门槛。例如，与其要求某个人有300小时的实习经验来获得做洗发工的资格，田纳西州应该让理发店自行决定雇谁最好。
并非每个人都能成功找到正确方法应对正在变化的就业市场。受技术颠覆影响最大的是那些蓝领工人，其中很多人拒绝在类似医疗护理这样快速发展的领域里从事不那么“有男子气概”的工作。但是，若要将落伍的劳动力人数控制到最少，那么所有成年人都必须能够有机会获得灵活而又负担得起的培训。在19世纪和20世纪，教育有了令人震惊的进步。今天的抱负应当不逊当年。
真题展示
[课标全国Ⅱ2020·B篇] Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition （认知） after controlling for differences in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate （旋转） and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
1.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play ( )
B
A.Building confidence. B.Developing spatial skills.
C.Learning self-control. D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的 children who play with puzzles… later develop better spatial skills可知，在2至4岁时经常接触拼图游戏的孩子未来会有更好的空间思维能力。故选B项。
【语篇导读】本文介绍了一项研究发现，即在2至4岁时经常接触拼图游戏的孩子未来会有更好的空间思维能力。
2.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？( )
C
A.Parents' age. B.Children's imagination.
C.Parents' education. D.Child-parent relationship.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的 after controlling for differences in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk 可知，莱文在做研究时考虑了父母的收入、受教育程度以及亲子对话的多少等因素。故选C项。
3.How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play ( )
D
A.They play with puzzles more often. B.They tend to talk less during the game.
C.They prefer to use more spatial language. D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第五段第三句中的However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls可知，相比女孩，男孩倾向于挑战更为复杂的拼图游戏。D项中的tougher一词对应句中的more complex,意为“更难的”。故选D项。
4.What is the text mainly about ( )
B
A.A mathematical method. B.A scientific study. C.A woman psychologist. D.A teaching program
[解析] 主旨大意题。本文主要围绕心理学家苏珊·莱文的一项研究而展开，具体介绍了该研究的对象、方法及发现，最后还提到该研究发表在一本学术刊物上。故选B项。
【微技能】如何归纳文章主旨
由于文章体裁不同，文章主旨呈现的方式与明确程度也各异，在做英语阅读时，应灵活应对。
一般而言，文章主旨通过主旨句甚至主旨段呈现。主旨句一般在文章开头，如新闻类文章，常开门见山表达主旨，以引起读者关注；当然也有主旨句在文章尾段以概括总结性的句式呈现，比如议论文，文章主旨往往以结论方式出现在文末。只要找到主旨句，即可提炼出文章主旨。
有些文章没有明显的主旨句，那就需要进行篇章结构分析，找出每一小段的主题，进行对比总结，梳理行文逻辑，找到语段间的内在联系和逻辑结构，从整体上把握文章，从而归纳整篇文章的主旨。这种文章往往话题严肃而深刻，篇章逻辑严谨，不可仅从一两个关键词或中心句就上升到文章主旨，以偏概全。
如本篇的第4题，虽然文中没有出现scientific study，但根据文章中反复出现的researchers一词及全文内容可以得出，本文主要讲了一项科学研究。
【长难句分析】Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.
句式分析：该句主干部分为Susan Levine found children develop better spatial skills；句中an expert on mathematics development… the University of Chicago为Susan Levine的同位语；who引导定语从句，先行词为children，关系词在从句中作主语。
句意：心理学家苏珊·莱文是一位在芝加哥大学从事幼儿数学能力发展研究的专家。她发现在2至4岁时经常接触拼图游戏的孩子未来会拥有更好的空间思维能力。