(共55张PPT)
Unit 6
The Media
Lesson 3
The Advertising Game
必刷词汇
1.freedom n.______
自由
2.fundamental adj.________________________
根本的；基本的；基础的
3.sew vi.& vt.______________________
缝，缝纫；缝制；缝补
4.budget n.______ vi.& vt.________________
预算
把……编入预算
5.visual adj.________________
视觉的，视力的
6.boost n.______ vt.____________
增长
促进，推动
7.link vt.________________ n.____________
把……联系起来
联系，关联
8.anticipate vt.____________
预期，预料
9.welfare n.__________________
幸福，健康；福利
10.neighbourhood n.______________________
社区，住宅小区，街坊
11.sponsor vt.________________________ n.________________
赞助，资助；为……担保
赞助商；资助者
12.advertisement n.______ 联想 advertiser n.__________________
广告
广告商；登广告者
13.agency n.__________________
联想 ______ n.代理人；经纪人
代理处，代理机构
agent
mercial adj.________________
联想 commerce n.［U］ ____________
商业的，商务的
商务；贸易
15.technological adj.________________________ 联想 ___________ n.技术
技术的；科技的；工艺的
technology
16._________ vt.创始，创造 vi.起源 联想 ①_______ n.起源②________ adj.起初的；最早的
originate
origin
original
17.locate vt.______ 派 ________ n.位置
位于
location
18.attract vt.______ 派 ①_________ n.［U］吸引（力） ［C］有吸引力的事物/人 ②_________ adj.诱人
的；有吸引力的
吸引
attraction
attractive
petitive adj.________________________ 联想 ①_________ vi.竞争②___________ n.竞争 ③
__________ n.竞争者
竞争性强的，有竞争力的
compete
competition
competitor
20.genuinely adv.________ 联想 genuine adj.________________
真正地
真诚的；真实的
21.profit n.__________________ 派 profitable adj.__________________
利润，收益，盈利
有利润的；有益的
22.suitable adj.________________联想 suit vt.______
搭配 be suitable ____… 适合……
合适的，适宜的
适合
for
bine vi.& vt.________________________
搭配 combine… _________… 把……和……组合起来
（使）结合，（使）组合
with/and
24.participate vi.____________ 派 ①____________ n.参与 ②__________ n.参与者 搭配 participate ___
参加；参与
参加，参与
participation
participant
in
25.consist of____________
由……构成
核心词汇
From the name you would know what the company sells, where they are located, and the name of the product.从名字你就能知道这些公司在卖什么、公司所在地以及产品名称。
教材P58
1 locate vt.位于；使……坐落于；把……安置于；找出……的准确位置
The company located its branch office in the suburbs.这家公司把分公司设立在了郊区。
Can you locate Berlin on the map 你能在地图上找到柏林的位置吗？
&1& （be） located in/on/at/… （=lie in/on/at/…） 位于……
One of the world's largest art galleries， the Louvre， is also located in Paris.世界上最大的美术馆之一——卢浮宫也坐落在巴黎。
This city is located on the southern fringe of the desert.这个城市坐落于沙漠的南部边缘。
Our hotel is a three-star hotel located at West Lake.我们的酒店是一个位于西湖湖畔的三星级酒店。
&2& location n.位置；地点
What is the exact location of the ship 那艘船的确切位置在哪里？
定向练1
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The three theatres are________ （locate） in the centre of the town.
located
[解析] 句意为：这三家剧院位于城镇中心。此处考查短语be located in…。
2.His apartment is in a really good ________ （locate）.
location
[解析] 句意为：他的公寓处在一个非常好的地段。设空处前有不定冠词a和形容词good修饰，应填名词。
3.The university, ________ （locate） in the centre of the city, was founded in 1911.
located
[解析] 本句谓语为was founded，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，be located in表示“位于……”，故此处应用过去分词形式。
But then they realised that it might not be suitable for a marketplace where products and services are in direct competition with each other.但后来他们意识到，这种广告可能不适合产品与服务彼此间直接进行竞争的市场。
教材P58
2 suitable adj.合适的，适宜的
I hope I can find a suitable job after graduation.我希望毕业之后我能够找到一份合适的工作。
&3& （be） suitable for… 适合……
（be） suitable to do… 适合做……
I want to buy some books suitable for children. 我想买一些适合儿童（阅读）的书籍。
These crayons are not suitable to use in very hot weather.这些彩色蜡笔不适合在非常炎热的天气使用。［《朗文当代》］
&4& ①suit n.西装；成套服装 vt.适合；对（某人）方便；合（某人）心意；相配；合身
suit yourself 随自己的意愿；随便
suit… to sth/sb 使……适合/适应某物/某人
He changed his overalls for a suit.他脱下连身工作服,换上了一套西服。
I don't think this coat really suits me.我觉得这件大衣不太适合我。
You can adjust the recipe to. .suit yourself.你可以根据自己的意愿来调整食谱。
She had the ability to suit. .her performances. .to the audience.她有能力使自己的表演迎合观众的口味。
②unsuitable adj.不合适的
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I had great difficulty finding the ________ （suit） food on the menu in that restaurant.
suitable
[解析] 此处修饰名词food，表示“合适的”，故用suit的形容词形式suitable。
2.Tom is a little careless, but otherwise he is quite suitable ____ the post.
for
[解析] 句意为：汤姆有点粗心，但除此之外，他很适合这个职位。
3.People________ （suit） for the job can apply for it.
suitable
[解析] 此处考查形容词短语作后置定语， （be） suitable for意为“适合……”。
4.—Mum， I'll stay in to accompany my grandpa this evening．
—Suit ________ （you）!
yourself
[解析] 句意为：——妈妈，今晚我待在家里陪爷爷。——随你的便！ suit yourself 意为“随便；随自己的意愿”。
5.I don't have anything suitable ________ （wear） for the party.
to wear
[解析] 句意为：我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。（be） suitable to do sth意为“适合做某事”。
二、翻译句子。
1.I think it's one of the most suitable cities to work and live in.
________________________________________
我认为这是最适合工作和生活的城市之一。
2.Short skirts don't really suit me.
____________________
短裙真的不适合我。
Particularly now, in modern times, advertisements need to attract and hold the attention of the public.尤其是在当代社会，广告需要吸引并保持公众的注意力。
教材P59
3 attract vt.吸引
Dickens' style of writing attracted readers from all walks of life.狄更斯的写作风格吸引了来自各行各业的读者。
&5& attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
attract sb to… 吸引某人去……
They tried to leave the hotel without attracting anyone's attention.他们想在不引起任何人注意的情况下离开酒店。
What first attracted you to the study of physics 最初是什么吸引你去研究物理的？
&6& ①attraction n.吸引（力）；有吸引力的事物/人
The idea of travelling to the moon holds little attraction for me.到月球去旅行这个主意对我没什么吸引力。
②attractive adj.诱人的；有吸引力的
be attractive to sb对某人具有吸引力
A career in law is becoming increasingly attractive to young people.法律职业对年轻人的吸引力越来越大。
定向练3
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Chengdu has advantages in industries,universities and research institutes, which make it _________
（attract） to top professionals.
attractive
[解析] 句意为：成都在工业、大学和研究机构方面具有优势，这使其对顶尖专业人才具有吸引力。此处表示“有吸引力的”，故填attractive。
2.The Temple of Heaven is a popular tourist _________ （attract） in Beijing.
attraction
[解析] 句意为：天坛是北京一个很受欢迎的旅游景点。tourist attraction意为“旅游景点”。
3.What attracted me most ___ the job was the chance to travel.
to
[解析] 句意为：这份工作最吸引我的地方是有机会旅行。attract sb to… 意为“吸引某人去……”。
For this reason, it's now normal to see advertisements that consist of pictures or words from experts to show people how good the product is.出于这一原因，现在的广告常常引用专家的图片或文字，来向人们展示产品有多棒。
教材P59
4 consist of 由……构成
The committee consists of ten members. 该委员会由十个人组成。
&7& be made up of… 由……组成
be composed of… 由……组成
This book consists of three units.=This book is made up of three units.=This book is composed of three units. 这本书由三个单元组成。
&8& consist in （=lie in）在于；存在于
The beauty of Venice consists largely in the style of its ancient buildings. 威尼斯的美很大程度上在于它那古代建筑的风格。
&9& consistent adj.一致的；一贯的；符合的；持续的
be consistent with… 与……一致
What you say now is not consistent with what you said last week.你现在说的话与你上星期说过的话不一致。
特别注意 consist of 与consist in不用于进行时态，也没有被动语态。
定向练4
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The United Kingdom ________ （consist） of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
consists
[解析] 句意为：英国由大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成。
2.The last five years has seen a __________ （consist） improvement in the country's economy.
consistent
[解析] 句意为：过去的五年见证了该国经济的持续进步。
3.Half the members of the club are women and the membership of the club consists ___ people of all
ages from all walks of life.
of
[解析] consist of意为“由……组成”，是固定用法。句意为：该俱乐部一半的成员是女性，其会员包含来自各行各业的各个年龄段的人。
4.Happiness does not consist ___ how many possessions you own.
in
[解析] 句意为：幸福不在于你拥有多少财产。
5.The report isn't consistent _____ the fact.
with
[解析] 句意为：这份报告与事实不符。
6.The English language ________ （consist） of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to
Britain.
consists
[解析] 句意为：英语由这些人带到英国的语法和词汇组成。此处在句中作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实；consist of没有被动语态，主语The English language 为单数概念，故答案为consists。
To stand out in a world of competitive advertising, they must combine the highest standard of design with creative ways to make people believe that they “must have the product”.为了在竞争激烈的广告界脱颖而出，他们必须将最高水准的设计与创造性的方法结合起来，使人们确信自己“必须拥有这种产品”。
教材P59
5 competitive adj.竞争性强的，有竞争力的
Working in such a competitive industry, I've sometimes thought, “I can't do this any more.”在竞争如此激烈的行业工作，我有时会想：“我做不下去了。”［天津］
&10& ①compete vi.参加比赛；竞争
compete with/against… （for…）（为……）与……竞争
compete to do sth为做某事而竞争
compete in/at… 参加……比赛
Kangaroos compete with sheep and cattle for sparse supplies of food and water.袋鼠与牛羊争夺稀少的食物和水。
All the athletes compete to win gold medals.所有的运动员都为赢得金牌而竞争。
He's hoping to compete in the London marathon.他期盼着参加伦敦马拉松比赛。
②competition n.比赛；竞赛
The prize for the winner of the competition is a two-week holiday in Paris.这次竞赛获胜者的奖励是为期两周的巴黎之行。
③competitor n.竞争者；对手
定向练5
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He came first in the poetry ___________ （compete）.
competition
2.Our firm is no longer ___________ （compete） in the world market.
competitive
3.The firm has better products than its _______________ （compete）.
competitor（s）
4.Several countries are competing ____ the chance to host the game.
for
5.We are competing ____________ several companies ____ the project.
with/against
for
6 combine vi.& vt.（使）结合，（使）组合 vt.兼备；使融合
The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.研究人员随后测试了猴子是如何通过组合或添加这些符号来获得奖励的。［课标全国Ⅲ］
&11& combine… and/with… 把……和……结合起来；把……和……融合起来；兼有……和……
If he can combine his ability with hard work, he should be very successful. 如果他能把自己的才能和勤奋结合起来，他应该会很成功。
As a writer, he combines wit and/with passion.作为一名作家，他既风趣又不乏激情。
&12& ①combination n.联合；结合；联合体；组合物
in combination with… 与……联合/混合
A combination of high interest rates and falling demand forced the company to close. 高利率加上需求下跌迫使这家公司倒闭了。
This drug can be safely used in combination with other medicines.这种药可以安全地同其他药物一起服用。
②combined adj.联合的；共同的（仅用于名词前）
Dinner was a combined effort.晚餐是大家一起做的。［《朗文当代》］
定向练6
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Theory must be combined _____ practice.
with
[解析] 句意为：理论必须同实践相结合。
2.It is the ____________ （combine） of wisdom and humour that makes his articles so readable.
combination
[解析] 句意为：是智慧和幽默的结合使他的文章可读性很强。
3.My graduate school training __________ （combine） with my experience as a dentist should qualify
me for this particular job.
combined
[解析] 句意为：我在攻读研究生时接受的训练和当牙医的经验应该使我具备了做这一特定工作的资格。
4.This kind of ice cream tastes like a ____________ （combine） of the banana flavour and the
strawberry one.
combination
[解析] 句意为：这种冰激凌尝起来像香蕉和草莓口味的结合体。
They realise that it does not matter how attractive the idea linked with the product is… 他们意识到与产品关联的概念有多么吸引人并不重要……
教材P59
7 link
① vt.把……联系起来；连接；挽住
&13& link A with/to B 把A和B连接起来/联系起来
link A and B （together） 把A和B连接/联系起来
link up （with…） （与……）连接/结合
Linking arms with one of the instructors, I helped carry the young man out of the water.我拉着其中一个教练的胳膊，帮忙把那个年轻人从水中抬了出来。［课标全国Ⅱ］
They have planned to link up the two areas by telephone.他们计划用电话把这两个地区连接起来。
② n.联系，关联；起联系作用的人（事物）；（链状物上的）环
Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.食物网可能由许多薄弱环节主导，因为那种分布方式从长远来看更稳定。
&14& a link between A and BA和B之间的联系
have a link with… 与……有联系
Is there a link between humans and climate change 人类和气候变化之间是否有联系？
定向练7
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It is reported that exposure to the sun for a long time is linked _______ skin cancer.
with/to
[解析] 句意为：据报道，皮肤癌与长时间暴露在阳光下有关系。be linked to/with… 意为“与……有联系”。
2.The study further strengthens the idea that there is ___ link between smoking and early death.
a
[解析] 句意为：这项研究进一步证实了吸烟和早逝之间有联系这一观点。a link between… and… 意为“……和……之间的联系”。
3.They walked with their arms _______ （link）.
linked
[解析] 句意为：他们挽着胳膊散步。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.我们可以通过不同种类的活动让学生和社会联系起来。
We can __________________________________________________________________ through different
kinds of activities.
link the students to/with society或link the students and society together
2.丝绸之路在古代将中国和西方世界联系起来。
The Silk Road ______________________________________________________________ in ancient times.
linked China with/to the West或linked China and the West together
However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而，并非所有的广告都是以盈利为目的销售产品与服务。
教材P59
8 profit
① n.利润，收益，盈利
Although she founded her company early on in life, she wasn't driven primarily by profit.虽然她在早年就创立了自己的公司，但她主要不是为了盈利。［北京］
&15& make a profit 赚取利润
She makes a big profit from selling waste materials to textile companies.她将废弃布料卖给纺织公司，从中赚取了大笔利润。
②vi.& vt.（从……中）获利；有益于
&16& profit by/from… 从……中获利/受益
We tried to profit by our mistakes.我们努力从错误中吸取教训。
&17& profitable adj.有利可图的；有益的；有用的；盈利的
定向练8
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.His company lost more money than it earned.The company was no longer __________ （profit）.
profitable
[解析] 句意为：他的公司亏损比盈利多。这家公司不再盈利了。be动词后面用形容词作表语，故填profitable。
2.Under the good administration of the new CEO, the high-tech company has made ___ big profit.
a
[解析] 句意为：在新任首席执行官的良好管理下，这家高科技公司赚了一大笔利润。make a profit意为“赚取利润”。
3.Even though you are not a professional racing driver, I'm sure that you can profit ________ motor
racing competitions.
from/by
[解析] 句意为：尽管你不是一名职业赛车手，但我肯定你能从赛车比赛中受益。profit from/by是固定搭配，意为“从……中获利/受益”。
For example, there are public advertisements, which encourage citizens to participate in improving their neighbourhood, protecting the environment, and helping other people.比如有一些公益广告，它们鼓励市民参与改善社区、保护环境和帮助他人的活动。
教材P59
9 participate vi.参加，参与
&18& participate in 参加；参与
They have agreed to participate in the forthcoming Wimbledon Championships.他们已同意参加即将到来的温布尔登网球锦标赛。
She didn't participate in the discussion.她没有参与讨论。
&19& participate in, attend, join in, join与take part in的用法区别
participate in， attend， join in, join和take part in都有“参与;参加”的意思。其区别如下：
①take part in和participate in一般带有主动参与活动的意思，participate in属于正式表达；②join in常用于参加游戏等娱乐活动，而且活动已经在进行中，尤其用于鼓励他人加入已经在进行的活动；③join指加入某组织或团体，成为其中的一员；④attend指“出席；到场”，它也是一个正式用语。
We should actively take part in school activities.我们应该积极参加学校活动。
I hope you all join in the discussion.我希望你们都加入讨论中来。
He will never forget the day when he joined the Communist Party.他永远也忘不了自己加入共产党的那一天。
He did not attend the meeting yesterday.他昨天没有参加会议。
&20& ①participation n.参加
②participant n.参与者
定向练9
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Unfortunately, their programmes can shift people's wish of ____________ （participate） from an
internal factor to an external （外部的） factor.
participation
[解析] 句意为：不幸的是，他们的计划会将人们参与的愿望从内部因素转变为外部因素。设空处在介词of后作宾语，应用名词，此处表示“参与”，故填participation。
2.[天津·改编] All ___________ （participate） must address how communication or transportation
technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history.
participants
[解析] 句意为：所有参与者都必须就通信或交通技术是如何在历史上提升美国人的生活质量的这一主题发表演说。设空处作主语，应用名词，此处表示“参与者”，且前有All限定，应用可数名词复数。
3.The opening ceremony _____________ （attend） by over a thousand people last night.
was attended
[解析] 句意为：昨晚有一千多人参加了开幕式。attend与主语The opening ceremony之间为被动关系，且根据last night可知，此处描述过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为单数，谓语也用单数形式。
4.They expected him to participate ___ the show.
in
[解析] 句意为：他们希望他参加该表演。
5.The head teacher encourages all children to take part ___ the school dance competition.
in
[解析] 句意为：校长鼓励所有孩子参加学校的舞蹈比赛。
1
【句意】这些信息可能是公司名称，其中一部分可能包含产品的原产地名称。
教材P58
&21& “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时，不能单独作为一个完整的句子。先行词指人时关系词用whom，先行词指物时关系词用which。介词的选用要符合下列三种情况中的一种：
①与从句中的形容词或动词进行搭配。
The economist with whom all of us are familiar will visit our company.我们大家都熟悉的那位经济学家将要访问我们公司。
Ours is a beautiful country, of which we are greatly proud.我们的国家很美丽，我们为之感到很自豪。
The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校自己承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们接受培训的职业上成功。
This is the man to whom I referred.我指的就是这个人。
②与先行词进行搭配。
After the customers leave the hotel, the waiter will immediately tidy the room in which they have slept.顾客离开酒店后，服务员会立即收拾他们就寝的房间。
I will never forget the farm on which I worked with you.我永远不会忘记和你一起工作过的农场。
③根据定语从句的意义来确定。
The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months，of which the sailing time was 226 days.这次环球旅行花了这位老水手9个月的时间,其中航行的时间是226天。
He is wearing thick glasses, without which he will walk like a blind man.他戴着厚厚的眼镜，不戴眼镜的话他走起路来就像盲人一样。
特别注意 “介词+关系代词”结构一般都可以替换成关系副词，比如where, when等。但有时使用“介词+关系代词”要比单独使用关系副词在表意上更具体，这时不可替换。
He came to the square on which a huge monument stood.他来到了广场，那里矗立着一座巨大的纪念碑。（on which可以换成where，表意相近）
He climbed up to the top of the mountain, beyond which came a beautiful rainbow.他爬上了山顶，山顶之上出现了一道美丽的彩虹。（beyond which不能换成where，因为where本身不能体现beyond的含义）
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.The survivors were rescued by firemen, with _______ they went through the barriers in the burning
building.
whom
[解析] 句意为：幸存者被消防员们救出，他们一起穿过着火的大楼里的障碍物。先行词firemen指人，关系词在介词with后作宾语，故用whom。
2.Tom bought a telescope, ____________which he could closely watch the stars.
through/with
[解析] 根据语境可知，此处表示“透过”或“使用”，故用through/with。
3.Stewart is a boss, in _______ company Steven has worked for years.
whose
[解析] 设空处在从句中作定语，故用whose。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.格林一家有5个孩子，其中最大的已经19岁了。
There are five children in the Greens, _________ _______ the oldest is 19 years old.
among/of
whom
[解析] 根据语境可知，此处表示“在……之中”，故用介词among/of，且先行词指人，故关系词用whom。
2.这是他们一直以来都在坚持做的工作。
This is the job ___ _______ they have been sticking.
to
which
[解析] stick to为固定搭配，意为“坚持”，且先行词指物，故关系词用which。
Einstein says, “There's only one thing which we call space-time.” And then he says, “This space-time thing… it's not just the stage on which all the action plays out.It's an actor itself.”爱因斯坦说：“只有一个东西，我们称之为时空。”接着他说：“这个叫时空的东西……它不只是所有情节都上演的舞台。它还是演员本身。”
——纪录片《〈星际穿越〉中的科学》
2
【句意】为了在竞争激烈的广告界脱颖而出，他们必须将最高水准的设计与创造性的方法结合起来，使人们确信自己“必须拥有这种产品”。
教材P59
&22& 不定式（短语）作目的状语
不定式（短语）作目的状语，可以放在句尾，也可以放在句首。放在句尾时，一般不用逗号与前面隔开。
To make it clear, you had better give an example.=You had better give an example to make it clear.为了说得明白点儿，你最好举个例子。
特别注意 强调动词不定式（短语）所表示的目的时，可以用in order to或so as to接动词原形，但so as to do不能位于句首。
In order to help me, my friends endured tremendous danger.为了帮助我，我的朋友们经受了巨大的危险。
Tom raised his hand high so as to/in order to be seen by the teacher.汤姆把手举高以便让老师看到。
定向练2
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.________ （help） the poor people, Tom spent several days making a budget without sleeping.
To help
[解析] 句意为：为了帮助穷人，汤姆好几天不睡觉做预算。
2.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ （share） a meal,
admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
to share
[解析] 句意为：中秋节期间，家人通常聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。设空处表目的，应用不定式作目的状语。
3.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metals _________ （create） special designs.
to create
[解析] 句意为：技能熟练的工人还把各种硬木和金属结合起来以创造特殊的装饰图案。根据句意可知，此处表目的，故用动词不定式短语作目的状语。
used to和would的用法
1. used to 与would 都可表示过去的习惯性动作或行为，此时可以互换。
When we were children we used to/would go swimming in summer.我们小时候夏天经常去游泳。
2. used to 含有较强的“今昔对比”的意味，表示过去总是那样而现在不是那样了；would 则无对比意味，只表示说话人对过去的一种回想。
People used to think that the sun went round the Earth.以前人们总认为太阳是绕着地球转的。（表示过去这么认为而现在不这样认为了）
He would sometimes work into the night.以前他有时会工作到深夜。（表示过去有时会工作到深夜，但并不表示他现在不工作到深夜）
3. would表示过去重复的行为，不表示持续的状态；而used to既可表示过去持续的状态，也可表示过去重复的行为。
She would get up at six in the morning.她常在早上6点钟起床。（重复的行为）
She used to be such a happy and lively girl.她过去是一个那么活泼快乐的姑娘。（持续的状态）
4. would 可以表示非常规的习惯，used to 则不可。
He would sit there for hours sometimes, deep in thought.有时候，他会在那里沉思，一坐就是几个小时。
Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighbouring woods.有时候，她会在附近的森林里散散步。
5. used to的否定及疑问形式。
否定形式：sb used not to/did not use to do sth
疑问形式：Did sb use to/Used sb to do sth
You didn't use to eat chips when you were younger.你年轻的时候不吃炸薯条的。［《朗文当代》］
Did you use to go to church regularly？你以前经常去教堂吗？
特别注意 used to为情态动词，后接动词原形，注意与以下两个短语区分：
be used to do sth被用来做某事（被动语态）
be used to （doing） sth 习惯于（做）某事
Water can be used to produce electricity.水可以被用来发电。
I am already used to living the noisy city life here.我已经习惯这里嘈杂的城市生活了。
定向练
一、用used to或would 填空。
1.We ________ live in a small flat but last year we bought a big house.
used to
[解析] 根据语境可知，此处含有“今昔对比”的意味，故应该用used to。
2.He ______________ be nervous in the exam.
would/used to
[解析] 设空处后表示过去的习惯性行为，故填would/used to。
3.Mr Smith ________ watch tasteless TV talk shows all day before he lost his sight.
used to
[解析] 此处描述失明前的习惯性动作，含有“今昔对比”的意味，故应用used to。
二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.There used ______ （be） a large car park on this site.
to be
[解析] 句意为：这地方曾经是个大型停车场。根据语境可知，此处考查固定结构used to do sth,故填to be。
2.As high school students, we are used to _______ （get） up early.
getting
[解析] 句意为：作为高中生，我们习惯于早起。此处表示“习惯于做某事”，故应使用be used to doing结构。
3.Computers can be used ______ （do） a lot of work now.
to do
[解析] 句意为：如今，电脑可以用来做许多工作。此处表示“被用来做某事”，故应使用be used to do sth结构。
That's Mr Dan Cody, old sport.He's dead now.He used to be my best friend many years ago.那是丹·科迪先生，老兄。他已经去世了。很多年前他是我最好的朋友。——《了不起的盖茨比》(共76张PPT)
Unit 6
The Media
Topic Talk &Lesson 1
From Page to Screen
美国米高梅电影公司成立于1924年，是好莱坞八大影业公司之一，曾经出品了许多脍炙人口的影视作品，如电影《雨中曲》《乱世佳人》《茶花女》《007》系列电影及动画电影《猫和老鼠》等。米高梅公司的标志——一头怒吼的雄狮也给观众留下了深刻的印象。实际上，米高梅公司的标志中一共出现过八头狮子。其分别为：
Slats （1924—1928） was the first lion used in the branding of the newly formed studio. It was used on all black-and-white MGM films between 1924 and 1928, which was the only MGM lion not to roar （咆哮）.
Jackie （1928—1956） was the second lion used for the MGM logo, but the first MGM lion to roar. Jackie roared three times before looking off to the right of the screen. Jackie replaced Slats， appearing on all black-and-white MGM films from 1928—1956.
Telly （1928—1932） and Coffee （1932—1935）
Tanner （1934—1956）
George （1956—1958）
Leo （1957—present） is by far the longest-used and the most famous MGM lion, having appeared on most MGM films since 1957. In 2021, MGM unveiled （推出） an updated logo, with Leo now being CGI animated （电脑特效制成动画的）, while being based on its 1957 footage, the major design for the mascot in over six decades.
必刷词汇
Topic Talk
1.microblogging n.____________________
微博组护，微博更新
2.hence adv.__________________
因此，由此，所以
3.broadcast n.____________________ vi.& vt.____________
广播节目；电视节目
广播；播送
4.via prep.____________________________
通过（某人、某机器等）传送
5.campaign n.____________________________ vi.____________________
（政治、商业或社会性）运动
发起运动；参加活动
6.candidate n.______________
候选人；考生
7._______ n.& vi.& vt.讨论，辩论
debate
8._________ adj.可获得的，可用的；有空的
available
9.dismiss vt.____________
否定；解散
10.up-to-date adj.________________________________
包含最新信息的；新式的；时髦的
11.outline vt.______ n.____________
概述
纲要；外形
12.alternative adj.__________________ n.________________
可替代的；另外的
可供选择的事物
13.tournament n.________
锦标赛
14.purchase vt.______ n.____________
购买
购买（物）
15.economic adj.______________联想 ①_________ n.经济 ②economics n.________
经济（上）的
economy
经济学
16.political adj.________________ 联想 ________ n.政治；政治活动
政治的；政府的
politics
17.diverse adj.____________ 派 _________ n.多样性
各种各样的
diversity
18.election n.______ 联想 ______ vt.选举
选举
elect
19.coverage n.____________________ 联想 ______ vt.报道；覆盖
新闻报道；覆盖范围
cover
20.interpret vt.______ vi.& vt.______
派 __________ n.口译译员
解释
口译
interpreter
21.acknowledge vt.____________派 ________________ n.感谢；承认；收件复函
承认；感谢
acknowledgement
22.mixture n.______ 联想 _____ vi.& vt.（使）混合
混合
mix
23.precisely adv.__________________ 联想 precise adj.________________
确实如此；精确地
精确的，准确的
24.consult vt.______ vi.& vt.____________ 派 __________ n.顾问
查阅
咨询；商议
consultant
plicated adj.________________
联想 complicate vt.__________
难懂的；复杂的
使更复杂
Lesson 1
1.classic adj.________ n.________________
经典的
名著；经典作品
2.novel n.______________ adj.________
（长篇）小说
新奇的
3.comic n.__________ adj.________
连环漫画
滑稽的
4.non-fiction n.__________________
非小说类文学作品
5.biography n.______
传记
6.autobiography n.______
自传
7.ghost writer________
代笔人
8.rating n.__________________________________________
（电影、电视的）收视率排行榜；等级，程度
9.cast n.____________________ vt.________________
演员阵容，全体演员
投射（光或影）
10.version n.______
版本
11.category n.__________________
类别，种类，范畴
12.visualise vt.____________联想 ①visual adj.________________ ②vision n.__________________
设想，想象
视力的，视觉的
视力；想象；画面
13.proof n.______ 联想 prove vt.____________
证明
证实，证明
14.expectation n.__________________联想 _______ vt.期盼；预料
期待，预期，预料
expect
15.pessimistic adj.________ 反 __________ adj.乐观的 搭配 ____ ___________ ______ 对……感到悲观
悲观的
optimistic
be
pessimistic
about
16.adaptation n.______________ 联想 ①______ vt.改编 vi.& vt.（使）适应 ②_________ adj.能适应的，
适应性强的；可改编的
改编版；适应
adapt
adaptable
17.critic n.________________ 联想 ①criticise（-ize） vi.& vt.____________ vt.____________ ②critical
adj.________________________________
评论家，批评家
批评；批判
评价；评论
批判的；严重的；紧要的；关键的
18.appropriate adj.________________ 派 ____________ adv.恰当地；合适地
恰当的；合适的
appropriately
19.liberty n.______________ 联想 liberate vt.________
自由；自由权
使自由
20.________ adj.清楚的，明确的
派 _________ adv.确切地；肯定地
definite
definitely
21.technical adj.__________联想 technique n.____________
技术上的
技术；技巧
22.generate vt.____________ 派 __________ n.产生；一代人
产生，创造
generation
核心词汇
news coverage of political debates政治辩论的新闻报道
教材P50
1 debate
①n.讨论，辩论
After a long debate he was chosen as captain of the team.经过长时间的讨论之后，他被选为该队队长。
&1& under debate 正在讨论中
have a debate 进行辩论/讨论
debate about/on/over… 关于……的辩论
heated debate激烈的辩论/争论
The proposal is under debate.该提议正在讨论中。
We had a debate with the teacher on whether to reduce the amount of homework or not.我们与老师就是否要减少家庭作业的数量进行了讨论。
As yet there has been little public debate on these issues.到目前为止，对于这些问题几乎还没有进行过公开讨论。
After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park.经过几年的激烈争论，灰狼被重新引入了黄石国家公园。［课标全国Ⅲ］
② vi.& vt.讨论，辩论（近： discuss）
&2& debate （sth） with sb 与某人辩论（某事）
He likes to debate issues with his friends.他喜欢和他的朋友们讨论问题。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.The teacher actually encourages debate _____________ critical thinking.
on/about/over
2.He sat there debating _____ his wife on what to do.
with
3.The bill is still ______ debate, but it's more likely to be voted down （被投票否决）．
under
4.We must debate the question _____ the rest of the members.
with
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.昨天，我们对是否要在空间技术上花那么多钱进行了辩论。
Yesterday, we _____ ___ _______ on whether we should spend so much money on space technology.
had
a
debate
2.关于食品安全的激烈辩论已经引起了公众的关注。
The _______ _______ about food safety has attracted public attention.
heated
debate
there is so much diverse information available有那么多不同的信息可用
教材 P50
2 available adj.可用的，可获得的；有空的
I would have picked you up at the airport, but I was not available. 我本打算去机场接你的，但我没空。
释义·理解
available
①able to be used or can easily be found;
②（of a person） free to be seen, talked to, etc?
&3& be available to do sth可以做某事
be available to… 可被……利用或得到的
be available for… 可用于……
Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit.在您参观期间，有寄存柜可用来存放任何物品。
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.所有有老师带领的全日制学生团体，上至并包括本科生，每人可以享受2英镑的特殊低价门票。［2022全国乙］
The programme will be available for downloading after broadcast.这档节目在电视上播出后就可以下载了。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
One of the UN goals is to ensure that clean water is available ___ everyone.
to
[解析] 此处考查be available to…，意为“可被……利用或得到的”。句意为：联合国的目标之一是确保每个人都能用到干净的水。
二、翻译句子。
1.There are plenty of jobs available in the western part of the country.
________________________________
这个国家的西部有很多工作机会。
2.The school is trying its best to make more accommodation available for increasing students.
__________________________________________________________
这所学校正尽最大努力为不断增多的学生提供更多可用的宿舍。
3.I would have attended my friend's birthday party last night, but I was not available.
__________________________________________________
昨晚我本来要去参加我朋友的生日聚会，但是我没空。
Figuring out what to acknowledge and what to dismiss is really challenging. 弄清楚该认可什么以及该否定什么是非常具有挑战性的。
教材P114
3 acknowledge vt.认可；承认；对……打招呼；（公开）感谢
He acknowledged the greeting with a nod.他点头回应了问候。
I'd like to acknowledge your support.我要感谢你的支持。
&4& acknowledge （doing） sth 承认（做了）某事
be acknowledged as/to be… 被公认/认为是……
It is acknowledged that… ……是大家公认的
When the results of the vote were announced, the Prime Minister acknowledged defeat.投票结果宣布以后，首相承认了失败。
He is widely acknowledged as/to be one of the best players in the world.人们普遍认为他是世界最佳运动员之一。
It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall qualities.人们普遍认为应该依据整体素质来评价学生。
&5& acknowledgement n.承认；感谢
in acknowledgement of… 为表示对……的感谢
She received a special award in acknowledgement of all her hard work.她获得了一个特别奖，以表彰她的辛勤工作。
定向练3
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He ________________ （acknowledge） as one of the greatest pianists.
is acknowledged
[解析] 句意为：他被认为是最杰出的钢琴家之一。
2.With no solid evidence, he refused to acknowledge ____________________ （steal） the lady's purse.
stealing/having stolen
[解析] 句意为：由于没有确凿的证据，他拒绝承认偷了那位女士的钱包。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.他对国家作出的贡献得到了官方认可。
His contribution to the country ____________________________
is/was officially acknowledged
2.他被认为是一名出色的守门员。
He _______________________ an excellent goalkeeper.
is acknowledged as/to be
3.教育在人的品德方面起到的重要作用是公认的。
______________________ education plays an important role in people's qualities.
It is acknowledged that
I consult the Internet to research things for school, to better understand complicated issues by finding alternative opinions on the subject and even to do fun things like watching ping-pong tournaments.我上网搜集上课所需的资料，通过寻找关于该课程的其他观点来更好地理解复杂的问题，甚至还会做一些有趣的事情，比如看乒乓球锦标赛。
教材P115
4 consult vt.& vi.咨询；请教；商议 vt.查阅（相当于refer to）
Have you consulted a dictionary 你查过词典了吗？
&6& consult sb about sth 就某事向某人咨询/请教
consult （with） sb （about/on sth） 和某人商量（某事）
He has an analytical mind, so many people come to consult him about investment.他有善于分析的头脑，所以很多人来向他请教关于投资的问题。
I need to consult with my colleagues on the proposals.我需要和我的同事商讨一下这些提议。
&7& ①consultation n.商量；咨询；就诊；商讨会
②consultant n.顾问；高级顾问医师
定向练4
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Have you consulted a doctor ______ your fever
about
2.Before we accept the management's offer we must consult _____ the workers again.
with
3.He was appointed as a __________ （consult） to a software firm.
consultant
4.He _________ （consult） the dictionary about the explanation of the expression last week.
consulted
5.The doctors held a ____________ （consult） to decide whether an operation was necessary.
consultation
5 alternative
①adj.可替代的；另外的；两者择一的；可供选择的；非传统的，另类的
The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations are hard to find.恐龙的消失不一定是由天文事件造成的，但是也很难找到其他解释。
We have to turn to alternative sources of energy, such as wave power and wind power.我们不得不改用如波浪能和风能这类可替代能源。
Acupuncture is widely used by practitioners of alternative medicine.针灸疗法被非西方传统医学从业者广泛利用。［《朗文当代》］
②n.可供选择的事物；供替代的抉择
The new chemical could provide a much cheaper alternative.这种新的化学品能提供一种更便宜的替代品。
&8& alternative energy 替代能源
an alternative to sth某物的替代品；除某物外可选择的东西
there is no alternative… 别无选择……
have no alternative but to do sth 别无选择只好做某事
Since neither of them gives in, we have no alternative but to invoke the law to settle the dispute between them.既然他们双方都不肯让步, 那我们别无选择，只能诉诸法律来解决他们之间的纠纷。
定向练5
翻译句子。
1.There are several alternatives to your plan.
________________________________
你的计划还有另外几种备选方案。
2.It was so serious a matter that I had no alternative but to call the police.
______________________________________
事情太严重了，我别无选择，只能报警。
3.With the car stuck in the mud, we have to find alternative means of transport.
____________________________________________
车陷入泥里了，我们只好寻找其他的交通工具。
… but it's normal to have high expectations when a film of a favourite book is made.……但当人们最喜欢的书籍被改编成电影时，他们对该电影的期待值很高是正常的。
教材P52
6 expectation n.期待，预期，预料
&9& come/live up to one's expectations不负某人所望
beyond （one's） expectations出乎（某人）意料；超出（某人的）预期
in expectation of… 期待/期望……；预计会有……
These goods don't come up to their expectations.这些货物没有达到他们的期望。
You're certainly living up to our expectations.你当然不会辜负我们的期望。
It was an A+, which was beyond my modest expectations.我得了个A+，这超出了我对分数不太高的预期。
They closed the windows in expectation of rain. 他们预料会下雨，就关上了窗户。
&10& ①expect vt.预料；预计；期望；盼望
expect （sb/sth） to do sth 预计/预料到/期望（某人/某物）会做某事
expect （that）… 预计/估计……
It is expected that… 预计……
If you're not willing to put in time and effort, don't expect to receive any rewards.如果你不愿意投入时间和精力，就不要期望得到任何回报。
Don't expect it to improve overnight.不要指望这事一下子就改善了。
It is expected that there will be a good harvest.预计今年会有个好收成。
②unexpected adj.想不到的；意外的；突然的
定向练6
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.We didn't expect _______ （get） so much post.
to get
[解析] 句意为：我们没料到会收到这么多邮件。此处为固定搭配expect to do sth，故应用不定式。
2.The children waited patiently ___ expectation of the magician's showing up.
in
[解析] 句意为：孩子们耐心等待着，期待着魔术师的出现。in expectation of… 意为“期待……”。
3.His excellent academic performance lived up to his parents' ____________ （expect）.
expectations
[解析] 句意为：他优异的学业表现没有辜负他父母的期望。
4.The ___________ （expect） news that he failed in the match made us sad.
unexpected
[解析] 句意为：他在比赛中失败了，这个突如其来的消息使我们很伤心。news为名词，需用形容词修饰，由后文he failed和made us sad可知，失败的消息是“意料之外的”，故填unexpected。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.今年的销售额并没有达到我们的预期。
Sales have not ___________ ____ ___ ____ ____________ this year.
come/lived
up
to
our
expectations
2.我本想参加你的生日聚会，但我的一个朋友来看望我，这出乎了我的意料。
I would have attended your birthday party, but one of my friends came to visit, which was ________
____ ____________.
beyond
my
expectations
All can work well, but why do many adaptations and indeed remakes fail both cinema audiences and critics 这些素材都可以拍出很棒的作品，但为什么许多改编甚至是翻拍的电影没能受到电影观众与评论家的好评呢
教材P52
7 adaptation n.改编版；适应
The movie is an adaptation of a classic novel. 这部电影是根据一部经典小说改编的。
Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.下面，我将重点介绍几个更聪明、更具创造性的适应气候的例子。
&11& adapt
① vi.& vt.（使）适应
adapt to sth 适应某物
adapt oneself to sth 使某人适应某物
The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school. 孩子们觉得很难适应新学校。［《朗文当代》］
Learning is a process in which we adapt ourselves to our surroundings.学习是我们适应环境的过程。
② vt.改编（一般用被动语态）
be adapted for… 被改编成……；为……而改编
be adapted from… 由……改编
The book is adapted for beginners.本书是为初学者而改编的。
The film is adapted from a short story by Turgenev.这部电影是根据屠格涅夫的一篇短篇小说改编的。
&12& adopt vi.& vt收养 vt.采用；采纳
定向练7
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.As more and more books become movie ___________ （adapt）, I can't help but think how the
readers will react to this.
adaptations
[解析] 句意为：随着越来越多的书被改编成电影，我不禁思考读者们将会对此作何反应。
2._________ （adapt） from a short story, the film was the biggest winner of the holiday film market
this year.
Adapted
[解析] 句意为：这部电影改编自一篇短篇小说，是今年假期电影市场上最大的赢家。分析句子结构可知，from a short story是分词短语作状语，主语the film与adapt之间为逻辑上的被动关系，所以要用过去分词，句首单词首字母大写，故填Adapted。
3.Throughout the history of movie-making, Shakespeare's plays _________________ （adapt） for films
more than the works of any other writer.
have been adapted
[解析] 句意为：纵观电影制作的历史，莎士比亚的戏剧被改编成电影的次数要比其他任何一位作家的作品被改编成电影的次数都多。由Throughout the history of movie-making可知，本句应用现在完成时，主语Shakespeare's plays为复数，主语与adapt之间为被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态have been adapted。
4.Can you imagine the difficulty I had_________ （adapt） to the school life
adapting
[解析] 句意为：你能想象我适应学校生活有多么困难吗？have difficulty （in） doing sth 意为“做某事有困难”，故用adapting。
5.Such animals as dinosaurs died out because they couldn't adapt___ the sudden change of climate.
to
[解析] 句意为：恐龙这类动物灭绝是因为它们不能适应气候的突然变化。本句考查短语adapt to sth。
Since a typical film is only around two hours long, it becomes a question for screenwriters to decide what is appropriate for the screen and what to leave out.因为电影的时长通常只有两小时左右，对编剧来说，决定书中哪部分适合银幕、哪部分要省略是一个难题。
教材P52
8 appropriate adj.恰当的；合适的
Her clothes were not appropriate for this formal party.她的衣服不适合这个正式的聚会。
&13& be appropriate to/for… 适合……
it is appropriate （for sb） to do sth （对于某人来说）做某事是合适的
His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion.他郑重其事的讲话方式适合那个场合。
It would not be appropriate for me to discuss that now.现在我不宜讨论此事。
&14& ①appropriately adv.适当地；合适地
As a new diplomat, he often thinks of how he can react more appropriately on such occasions.作为一名新任外交官，他经常思考怎样才能在这种场合中作出更恰当的反应。
②inappropriate adj.不适当的
定向练8
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It is very important for college students to learn to live independently and manage time ____________
（appropriate）.
appropriately
[解析] 句意为：对于大学生来说，学会独立生活和合理安排时间是非常重要的。此处修饰动词短语manage time，应用副词形式。根据语境可知，此处表示“合理地”，故填appropriately。
2.It's ____________ （appropriate） to judge a person by his appearance.
inappropriate
[解析] 句意为：根据一个人的外表来对他作出判断是不合适的。设空处作表语，应用形容词，根据语境可知，此处表示“不合适的”，故填inappropriate。
1
【句意】读书和看电影是两种截然不同的体验，但当人们最喜欢的书籍被改编成电影时，他们对该电影的期待值很高是正常的。
教材 P52
Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。
Talking. .is easier than doing.说比做容易。
It is no use waiting for him.等他是没有用的。
It is useless talking about it with him.和他谈这件事是没有用的。
特别注意动名词（短语）作主语时，单个动名词（短语）作主语，谓语动词用单数；两个或两个以上表达不同意义的动名词（短语）作主语，谓语动词用复数。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
Swimming and gardening have become her hobbies.游泳和园艺成了她的爱好。
知识拓展1 动名词（短语）作主语
动名词是非谓语动词的一种形式，兼有动词和名词的特征和作用，通常由“动词原形+-ing”构成，其否定结构为在其前加not。动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等；动名词有时态和语态的变化，其形式如下（以do为例）：
主 动 被 动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
动名词（短语）作主语时往往表示抽象的或是经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。对于一些比较长的动名词短语，可以用it作形式主语。常用it作形式主语，动名词（短语）作真正主语的句型有：It is/was no use/useless/no good/worthwhile/a waste of… doing… 等。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.[天津·改编] _________ （learn） to think critically is an important skill today's children will need
for the future.
Learning
[解析] 分析句子结构可知，is为主句谓语动词，an important skill为表语， to think critically作主语，此处表示抽象的、经常性的动作，故用动名词短语作主语。
2._______ （be） addicted to the Internet, as some adolescents do, will to some extent affect their
private lives.
Being
[解析] 分析句子结构可知， addicted to the Internet作主语，表示抽象的、经常性的动作，故用动名词短语作主语。
3.______________ （bring） up in a poor family made Tom very diligent when he was still young.
Being brought
[解析] 分析句子结构可知， up in a poor family作主语，设空处需要用动名词形式，且bring up与其逻辑主语Tom之间为被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式。
4.It's no good ________ （run） on a smoggy morning.
running
[解析] 此处为It is no good doing… 句型，故此处应用动名词。
5.___ is a waste of time playing video games.
It
[解析] 分析句子结构可知，本句中动名词短语作真正的主语，需要用It作形式主语。
6.Running and reading _____________ （become） a routine for me in my life lately.
have become
[解析] 本句中两个表达不同概念的动名词并列作主语，谓语动词应用复数形式，根据时间状语lately可知，应用现在完成时。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
不允许在周末去看他奶奶使他感到失望。
_______________________________________at weekends makes him disappointed.
Not being allowed to visit his grandmother
[解析] 本句话缺少主语，表示经常性的动作，应用动名词作主语，“允许某人做某事”用allow sb to do sth表示，根据汉语意思可知，本句中allow与其逻辑主语him之间为被动关系，故用动名词的被动式，其否定式是在动名词前加not。
知识拓展 2“it is/was+adj.+（for/of sb） to do sth”句型
“it is/was+adj.+（for/of sb） to do sth”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的；某人做某事是……的”。其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式（短语）。
在这一句式中，用介词for还是of取决于形容词。若形容词用来描述不定式（短语）的客观形势、特点等，多译为“做某事对某人来说是……的”，用for；若形容词表示人的品质、性格等，多译为“某人做某事是……的”，用of。
It is very important for us to master a foreign language.对我们来说，掌握一门外语很重要。
It is careless of you to make so many mistakes in this exam.在这次考试中，你犯了如此多的错误，真是太粗心了。
定向练2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It is so brave ___ him ________ （save） the children in the fire.
of
to save
[解析] brave 表示人的品质，故第一空处应填of；句首It作形式主语，后面第二空处应用不定式作真正的主语。
2.The doctor thought ___ would be good for you to have a holiday.
it
[解析] thought 后面的宾语从句中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是to have a holiday。
3.It is very dangerous ____ him ______ （go） across the street.
for
to go
[解析] 句意为：横穿马路对他来说是非常危险的。
2
【句意】尽管得到高度评价的书并不总是能拍出好电影，但可以肯定地说，优秀的电影也可能改编自不是那么好的书。
教材 P52
&15& although引导让步状语从句
although 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，语气比though和while重，有时可与though或while互换，不能和but连用，但是可以和yet, still, nevertheless连用。while引导让步状语从句时，通常位于句首。
Although/Though these measures are not effective forever, they are vital now.虽然这些措施不会永远有效，但它们现在至关重要。
While you can't turn back the clock, you can take control of your life.虽然你不能使时光倒转，但你可以掌控自己的生活。
特别注意 although不可作副词，但though可以作副词单独置于句末，用逗号与前句隔开，意为“然而；可是；不过”。
I have a bit of headache. It's nothing much, though.我有一点儿头痛，不过并不厉害。
定向练3
用although, though或while填空。
1.In addition, some sharp remarks, _______________ they are not eye-catching, may have misleading
effects on the youth.
although/though
[解析] 句意为：另外，一些尖锐的评论虽然不那么引人注目，却或许会对年轻人产生误导。此处引导让步状语从句，且位于句中，应用although/though。
2._____________________ I had a lot of experience and a master's degree, I couldn't find a satisfying
job.
Although/Though/While
[解析] 句意为：虽然我经验丰富且拥有硕士学位，我却无法找到一份令人满意的工作。
3.Our team lost. It was still a good game, _______.
though
[解析] 句意为：我们队输了。然而，这依然是一场精彩的比赛。
3
【句意】显而易见，一个关键的问题在于这部电影与原作的接近程度如何。
教材 P52
&16& how引导名词性从句
how引导名词性从句时，可以表示方式、对程度/数量/情况等的疑问、程度上的感叹等。
How acupuncture relieves pain is unclear.针灸是如何缓解疼痛的尚不清楚。（how引导主语从句）
I don't know how he came here.我不知道他是如何来到这儿的。（how引导宾语从句）
It was how we learnt so much in such a short period.这就是我们如何在这么短的时间里学到这么多。（how引导表语从句）
I have no idea how he made it.我不知道他是怎么做到的。（how引导同位语从句）
how引导名词性从句，表示程度上的感叹时，常用于以下结构：
how+adj.（+a/an+可数名词单数）+主语+其他
how many+可数名词复数+主语+其他
how much+不可数名词+主语+其他
Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.不要因为任何失败的事而灰心，因为你永远不知道成功离你有多近。
He was surprised at how much water I had drunk.他惊讶于我喝了多少水。
特别注意 what或whatever引导名词性从句时，有时可充当一个限定词，用于修饰名词，其常用结构为：what+a/an+（adj.）+可数名词单数+主语+其他what/whatever+（adj.）+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+其他
I will try to overcome whatever difficulties I may meet in the future.我将努力克服未来我可能遇到的任何困难。
定向练4
选词填空。
what how whatever
1.I was surprised by her words, which made me recognise ______ silly mistakes I had made.
what
[解析] 句意为：我对她的话感到惊讶，这使我认识到我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。mistakes是可数名词复数，应用what修饰。
2.Parents are taught to understand _____ important education is to their children's future.
how
[解析] 句意为：父母被教会去理解教育对他们的孩子的未来是多么重要。how修饰形容词important，表示程度上的感叹。
3.The shocking news made me realise ______ terrible problems we would face.
what
[解析] 句意为：这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。what修饰可数名词复数problems。
4.I have no idea _____ fast he can run.
how
[解析] 句意为：我不知道他能跑多快。how修饰副词fast，表示程度上的感叹。
5.You must be clear _____ dangerous it is to ride on a busy road.
how
[解析] 句意为：你必须清楚在繁忙的路上骑行是多么危险。how修饰形容词dangerous，表示程度上的感叹。
6.I will bring you _________ presents you like on your birthday.
whatever
[解析] 句意为：在你生日的时候我会给你带你喜欢的任何礼物。whatever修饰名词presents，意为“任何”。
He has no idea how confused America's gonna be about that J.他丝毫不知道美国人对那个字母J会多困惑。
——《广告狂人》
4
【句意】成功进行改编的最好的例子可能是詹姆斯·邦德系列，该系列的大部分作品都改编自伊恩·弗莱明的《007》系列小说。
教材 P53
&17& “名词/代词/数词/形容词最高级等+介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句
“介词+关系代词”既能引导限制性定语从句，又能引导非限制性定语从句，一般可以替换成关系副词引导的从句。在“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句中，有时由于句意的需要，其前还可加上名词、代词、数词或形容词最高级。
在“名词/代词/数词/形容词最高级等+介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句中，先行词为物时，关系代词用which；先行词为人时，关系代词用whom；若关系代词在从句中作定语，则关系代词用whose。
Here are some problems put up at the meeting, most of which are about education and health.这是会上提出的一些问题，其中大部分是关于教育和健康的。
Maria has written two novels, both of which have been adapted for television series.玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，它们都被改编成了电视连续剧。
There are three girls in the room, the tallest of whom is Tom's elder sister.屋子里有三个女孩，其中最高的那个是汤姆的姐姐。
特别注意 非限制性定语从句和并列句的区别： 有无并列连词。?
Mr Smith made a lot of money, most of which was spent helping the poor.（非限制性定语从句）
Mr Smith made a lot of money, and most of it was spent helping the poor.（并列句）
史密斯先生赚了很多钱，其中大部分都用来帮助穷人了。
定向练5
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time ___ which was 226
days.
of
[解析] 句意为：那个老水手花了九个月的时间环游世界,其中航行的时间是226天。在该定语从句中，which所指代的nine months与the sailing time之间是整体与部分的关系，故填介词of。
2.Bill invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _______ are family members.
whom
[解析] most of 引导定语从句，在从句中充当主语，设空处在从句中指代先行词about 40 people,指人，设空处作介词of的宾语，应用宾格。
3.He wrote a lot of novels, but none of ______ was translated into a foreign language.
them
[解析] 该句为but连接的两个并列句，none of 在第二个分句中作主语，设空处指novels，故用代词them。
4.The world-famous director, three of _______ movies won Oscar Awards, is reported to have retired.
whose
[解析] three of 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为director，关系词在定语从句中作movies的定语，意为“……的”，故填whose。
5.—He wrote a lot of novels, none of _______ were popular.
—It's the same as his wife.She wrote many plays, but none of ______ was a success.
which
them
[解析] 第一句用逗号隔开前后部分，没有并列连词，none of 引导非限制性定语从句，设空处指代novels，用关系代词which。 第二句有表示转折关系的并列连词but，前后是两个并列分句，设空处指代plays，用代词them。
it的用法
1 it用作人称代词
（1）it为第三人称单数代词，可以作主语、宾语或表语等。it一般指物，也可指不知性别的婴儿。
Her baby's due next month.She hopes it will be a healthy and cute baby.她的孩子预计下个月出生。她希望孩子健康可爱。
（2）it可用于指代上文提到的人或物，避免重复。
Music should be taught routinely in schools because of the benefits it has for the development of the brains of young children.学校应该定期教授音乐，因为音乐对幼龄儿童大脑的发育有好处。（it作从句的主语，指代上文的Music）
Stress has become part of big-city life and the new TV series focuses on it.压力已经成为大城市生活的一部分，而最新的电视剧关注了这一问题。（it作宾语，指代前一分句中提到的现象）
（3）it可用于指代自己或别人。
Hello, Peter, it's Mike here.喂，彼得，我是迈克。
—Who's that at the door 谁在门口？
— It is the milkman.是送奶工。
2 it用作非人称代词
it有时并不指具体的东西，而是泛指时间、地点、距离、天气、环境等。
—What time is it 几点了？
—It's seven.七点了。
It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here.离这里最近的医院有六英里。
It is a warm sunny afternoon.这是一个温暖晴朗的下午。
It was very quiet in the garden.花园里很安静。
3 it作形式主语
有时为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语后置。真正的主语通常由不定式（短语）、主语从句或动名词（短语）充当。
（1）不定式（短语）为真正的主语：
It is difficult to translate this article.这篇文章很难翻译。（To translate this article is difficult.）
It is a good idea to have a little notebook handy.手边有个小笔记本是个好主意。（To have a little notebook handy is a good idea.）
It took me five days to finish reading this book.我花了五天时间读完这本书。（To finish reading this book took me five days.）
（2）主语从句为真正的主语：
It. .was a pity that he failed to come to the concert.很遗憾他没来参加音乐会。（That he failed to come to the concert was a pity.）
It is said that there has been an earthquake in Japan.据说，日本发生了地震。（此句型不可以将主语从句放在句首）
（3）动名词（短语）为真正的主语：
It's no use saying any more about it.再谈这事没有用。
It is fun working for him.为他工作很有意思。
4 it作形式宾语
为保持句子结构平衡，常用it作形式宾语，而将不定式（短语）、从句、动名词（短语）等真正的宾语置于句末。
it作形式宾语的常见结构有：make/think/find/take/feel/…+it+adj./n.+to do/doing/that… 和hate/like/love/enjoy/appreciate+it+when/if…。
I found it difficult to explain to him what had happened.我觉得很难向他解释发生了什么事。
He thought it no use going over the subject again.他认为再讨论这个话题没有用了。
I think it best that you should stay here.我觉得你最好待在这儿。
We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution.我们必须使公众清楚人们应该采取措施防止污染。
I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour.如果您能帮我一个忙，我将不胜感激。
5 it用于强调句型
It is not until I have seen it with my own eyes that I will believe it.直到亲眼见到，我才会相信。
It was in front of the Palace Museum that a lot of people were waiting to buy the tickets.在故宫博物院的前面，有许多人在等着买票。
定向练
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.If you are time-poor, you need to run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,
so perhaps we should all give __________ a try.
it/running
[解析] 设空处作及物动词give的宾语，指代前面提到的“跑步”，因此设空处可用it指代或填running。
2.I still remember the accident and the trouble ___ has caused me.
it
[解析] 句意为：我依然记得那个意外事故以及它给我造成的麻烦。分析句子可知，the trouble后是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句，关系代词在该定语从句中充当宾语，故从句需要代词it作为主语指代前文的the accident。
3.Usually, a forest fire and the damage ___ causes can be very severe, especially when we consider the
long time it takes to grow trees.
it
[解析] 句意为：通常，森林火灾及其造成的损失会非常严重，特别是当我们考虑到种植树木需要很长时间时。代词it指代 a forest fire。
4.___ was her strong will that enabled her to overcome all the difficulties in her study.
It
[解析] 句意为：正是她的坚强意志使她能够克服了学习中的各种难题。本题考查强调句。
5.We find ___ very easy to get along well with our new teachers in our school.
it
[解析] 句意为：我们发现与学校的新老师好好相处很容易。根据句子结构可知，此处应填it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。
6.He owes ___ to his father that he has been so successful.
it
[解析] 句意为：他将自己如此成功归功于他的父亲。此句应用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为that he has been so successful。owe it to sb that… 意为“把……归功于某人”。
7.Being such a charismatic Chinese teacher, Molly made ___ interesting to learn all those boring classical
writings.
it
[解析] 句意为：莫莉是一个很有魅力的中文老师，她把学习那些无聊的古典著作变得很有趣。句中用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语。
8.___ occurred to him that he had an important meeting to attend the next morning.
It
[解析] 句意为：他突然想到第二天早晨他有一个重要的会议要参加。It作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语。
9.___ was not until I came here that I realised this place was famous for not only its breathtaking
scenery but also its culture.
It
[解析] 句意为：直到我来到这里，我才意识到这个地方不仅以令人惊叹的风景出名，而且还以它的文化而闻名。本句为强调句型。
10.___ is no wonder that you achieved so much success.
It
[解析] 句意为：难怪你取得了如此大的成功，It作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.我认为给政府交税是我们的义务。
I feel ___ our duty ___ _____ taxes to our government.
it
to
pay
[解析] it是形式宾语，不定式短语to pay taxes to our government是真正的宾语。
2.很明显她是班上最优秀的学生。
___ is obvious ____ she is the best student in the class.
It
hat
[解析] It作形式主语，主语从句that she is the best student in the class是真正的主语。
3.我觉得跟她争吵没用。I think ___ useless _________________________________ with her.
it
quarrelling/to quarrel/arguing/to argue
[解析] it作形式宾语，quarrelling/to quarrel/arguing/to argue with her是真正的宾语。
It is said that the mark of any great nation is the journey it has endured on its path to glory.人们说任何一个伟大国家的标志就是它走在通往光荣的道路上所经历的旅程。
——《王冠》(共22张PPT)
Unit 6
The Media
Lesson 2
Questions about Media
必刷词汇
1.high-definition adj.____________
高清晰度的
2.corporation n.____________________
大型公司；企业集团
3.witness vt.________________ n.______________
亲身经历；目击
目击者；证人
4.spot n.______ vt.______________
地点
发现；注意到
5.advertise vi.& vt.______________
派 ①___________ n.广告（业） ② _____________n.广告③__________ n.广告商
为……做广告
advertising
advertisement
advertiser
6.recording n.________
联想 _______ n.记录；记载；（尤指体育运动中最高或最低的）纪录 vt.记录 vt.& vi.录制
录制品
record
7.upload vi.& vt.__________________ n.____________________
联想 __________ vt.下载 n.下载的文件
（使）上载，上传
上载（上传）的信息
download
8.interactive adj.________________________
联想 ①interact vi.____________ ②interaction n.________________
互动的，交互的；合作的
交流；交往
交流；相互影响
核心词汇
Fewer people and companies chose to advertise in the newspaper.选择在报纸上登广告的人和公司越来越少。
教材P56
1 advertise vi.& vt.为……做广告；征聘，公布
They no longer advertise alcohol or cigarettes at sporting events.他们不再在体育赛事上做烟酒广告了。 ［《朗文当代》］
&1& advertise for… （在报纸、海报等上）公布，征聘
I need to advertise for a new sales manager.我需要登广告招聘一位新的销售经理。
&2& ①advertisement n.广告
put an advertisement in… 在……上登广告
②advertiser n.登广告者;广告商
③advertising n.广告（业）
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.She is leaving next month, so we must advertise ____ a replacement for her.
for
[解析] 句意为： 她下个月要离开，所以我们必须登广告招聘一个接替她的人。
2.Please post up this _____________（advertise）for our concert in your shop window.
advertisement
[解析] 句意为：请把我们音乐会的广告张贴在你们商店的橱窗里。
3.We will put an advertisement ___ a newspaper for our products.
in
[解析] 句意为：我们将在报纸上为我们的产品登一则广告。
Some sites are bringing the news directly from the people who are experiencing or witnessing it, on the spot of a car accident for example.有些网站直接从正在经历或目击某事件的人那里获得新闻，比如车祸现场。
教材P115
2 witness
①vt. 亲身经历；目击（尤指罪行或事故）；是发生……的地点（或时间、组织等）；见证
Anyone who witnessed the attack should call the police.任何目击了那场袭击事件的人都应该报警。
Recent years have witnessed the collapse of the steel industry. 近几年钢铁产业崩溃了。［《朗文当代》］
The late twentieth century witnessed the rapid development of China's economy.20世纪末中国经济迅速发展。
②n.（=eyewitness）目击者；证人
Police have appealed for witnesses to the accident.警方呼吁这起事故的目击者出来作证。
&3& be a witness to sth 目击，看见（某事发生）；是某事的目击者
She was a witness to the tragic event.她目睹了这一悲惨事件。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The book was written in 1946, since when the education system _____________ （witness） great
changes.
has witnessed
[解析] 句意为：那本书写于1946年，从那时以来教育体制经历了巨大的变化。
2.He says that it has been a privilege to be a witness ___ China's great progress.
to
[解析] 句意为：他说能够见证中国的巨大进步是一种荣幸。
二、翻译句子。
1.过去的20年，我的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
My hometown has witnessed great changes during the last twenty years./The last twenty years has witnessed great changes in my hometown.
2.医生每天都能见到这种场景。
____________________________________________________________________________________
Doctors witness scenes like this every day./Doctors are witnesses to scenes like this every day.
3 spot
① n.［C］地点；点；斑点；污渍
The most beautiful spot on the river is the Three Gorges. 这条河上最美丽的地方是三峡。
The swimsuit comes in navy with white spots or blue with green spots.这款泳衣有藏青色带白色圆点的，也有蓝色带绿色圆点的。
There are a lot of grease spots on the shirt.这件衬衫上有很多油渍。
&4& on the spot 立即;当场；在现场；在原地
a/the bright spot 亮点；困境中使人高兴的事
He bought the car on the spot.他当场买下了那辆车。
The TV tower is a bright spot in the city.这座电视塔是这座城市中的一个亮点。
②vt.（spotted, spotted）发现；注意到；看出；认出
How do you find a comet in the sky How do you spot one 你是如何在天空中发现并辨认出彗星的？
&5& spot sb doing sth发现某人正在做某事
be spotted with… 满是……的斑点
On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “Lost my job. Family to feed.”在路上，我们看到一个人拿着一张纸，上面写着：“失业。需要养家糊口。”
His shirt was spotted with oil.他的衬衣上满是油点。
&6& ①spotted adj.有斑点的；有圆点的
②spotlight n.聚光灯
定向练3
翻译句子，体会spot的一词多义。
1.This is an ideal spot for a picnic.
________________________
这是个野餐的理想地点。
2.The windscreen was spotted with rain.
________________________
挡风玻璃上沾满了雨点。
3.My brother's face was covered with spots.
________________________
我弟弟/哥哥曾满脸斑点。
4.I want to know whether the thief was caught on the spot.
________________________________
我想知道小偷是否被当场抓住了。
5.If you spot some mistakes in the article， just mark them with a pencil.
__________________________________________________________
如果你发现这篇文章里有一些错误，就用铅笔把它们标记出来。
6.If cancers are spotted early, there will be a good chance of survival.
________________________________________________
如果癌症在早期被发现，（患者）存活的机会很大。
【句意】同往常一样，和您交谈十分愉快，感谢您参加《咨询专家》节目。
教材P116
&7& 抽象名词具体化
抽象名词具体化通常可分为以下几类：
①表示情感、情绪等的抽象名词，当用来强调具体的人或事时，常将其具体化。常用的这类抽象名词有：
抽象名词（不可数） 具体化名词（可数）
surprise吃惊;惊奇 a surprise令人吃惊的人或事
pleasure愉快；高兴 a pleasure一件乐事
抽象名词（不可数） 具体化名词（可数）
honour荣誉；崇敬 an honour荣幸（常用单数）；荣誉称号
pity 怜悯；同情 a pity 遗憾，可惜（常用单数）
comfort安慰；舒适 a comfort安慰者；慰藉物
danger危险 a danger可能引起危险的人或物；威胁
success成功 a success成功的人或事
failure失败 a failure失败的人或事
help 帮助 a help帮手；起帮助作用的人或物（常用单数）
beauty美；美丽 a beauty美人；美好的东西
续表
②表示“一次”“一场”“一段”等“一……”的概念，常与动词连用构成短语，名词前常有形容词修饰。如： have a good time; have a good knowledge/understanding of; have a population of； have an income of; reach a height of等。
③与动词have, take, make, give等连用，表示某一次短暂的动作。如：
have a swim/rest/look/smoke/wash/sleep；take a walk/bath; have a try; make an advance/an early start/an apology; take/have a great interest; go out for a walk 等。
④用于含同源宾语的短语中,如：live a happy/simple/hard/poor/bitter life； dream a strange dream; die a heroic/painful/natural death等。
定向练
一、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.在这里见到你真是件意外的事！
What ___ ________ to see you here! （surprise）
a
surprise
2.和他一块儿工作是件乐事。
It's ___ ________ to work with him.
a
pleasure
3.她努力使孩子们过得快乐，这对她来说是件欣慰的事。
She tried to make her children happy which was ___ ________ to her.
a
comfort
4.他已经历了六次失败，并将再次努力。
He has had six ________, and will have another try.
failures
二、翻译句子。
1.在这里发言是一种荣幸。
___________________________
It's an honour to speak here.
2.你考试不及格真是可惜。
_________________________________
It's a pity that you failed the exam.
3.作为科学家，他是个很成功的人。
_________________________________
He is a great success as a scientist.(共47张PPT)
Unit 6
The Media
Writing Workshop
A Film Review—Reading Club 2
必刷词汇
1.beauty n.__________________
美人；美丽；美感
2.beast n.______
野兽
3.fairy n.______________
仙子，小精灵
4.tale n.____________拓展 fairy tale ____________
故事；传说
童话；神话
5.prince n.____________ 派 princess n.____________
王子；亲王
公主；王妃
6.castle n.____________
城堡，堡垒
7.creature n.____________
生物；动物
8.theme n.______
主题
9.fault n.________________________
缺点，缺陷；责任，过错
10.splendid adj.________________
极好的；壮丽的
11.convey vt.____________
表达，传达
12.servant n.____________联想 ①______ vi.& vt.（为某人）服务②_______ n.服务；效劳
仆人，佣人
serve
service
13.abnormal adj.__________
反_______ adj.正常的
不正常的
normal
14.prisoner n.____________联想 _______ n.监狱
犯人，囚犯
prison
15.appearance n.__________________ 联想 _______ vi.出现；露面
外表，外观；出现
appear
16.transform vt.________________ 派 transformation n.____________
使转化，使改观
变化；改观
17.frightening adj.____________________ 联想 ①________ vt.使害怕②______ n.惊吓 ③__________ adj.
受惊的；害怕的
令人害怕的，吓人的
frighten
fright
frightened
18.withdrawal n.__________________________ 联想 _________ vi.& vt.（使）撤离；（使）退出 vt.收回；
提；取
脱瘾（过程）；取消；取款
withdraw
19.trap vt.____________________搭配 be trapped in… ____________
困住，使陷入危险中
被困在……
核心词汇
Beauty offers to replace her father and be trapped in the castle.美女提出她要代替她的父亲被困在城堡里。
教材P62
1 trap
①vt.（trapped, trapped）困住，使陷入危险中；设陷阱捕捉
I was trapped inside an elevator during the blackout.停电时,我被困在了电梯里。
The locals were encouraged to trap and kill the birds.当地居民以前被鼓励捕杀这种鸟。
&1& be/get trapped （in） 陷入困境；被困住
trap sb into （doing） sth诱骗某人（做）某事；使某人陷入圈套
These sea animals get trapped in fishing nets and are harmed by other human activity as well.这些海洋动物被困在渔网里，同时还受到了其他人类活动的伤害。
He felt he had been trapped into accepting the terms of the contract.他觉得自己是中了圈套才会接受这些合同条款的。
②n.夹子；陷阱；困境
&2& lay/set a trap （for sb） （为某人）设圈套
fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套
Set a trap near that mouse hole.在那个鼠洞附近放一个捕鼠器。
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.These incidents led some scientists to develop ways to keep the costly robots from _____________
（trap） in the sand.
being trapped
[解析] 句意为：这些事件使一些科学家研究出方法来防止昂贵的机器人陷在沙子里。此处为固定搭配keep… from doing sth，故填动名词；此处表示“被困住”，所以用being trapped。
2.I don't want to be trapped ___ my tiny little world, wasting precious time.
in
[解析] 句意为：我不想被困在我狭小的天地里，耗费宝贵的时光。be trapped in… 为固定短语，意为“被困于……”。
3.Think carefully before you answer questions online.You may be trapped into _______ （give） away
very important personal information.
giving
[解析] 句意为：在网上回答问题之前要仔细考虑一下。你可能会被诱骗泄露非常重要的个人信息。考查短语trap sb into doing sth，意为“诱骗某人做某事”。
The film deals with the theme of appearances in a very interesting and clever manner.这部电影以一种非常有趣又巧妙的方式探讨了（有关）外貌的主题。
教材P62
2 appearance n.外表，外观；出现
Don't judge people by their appearance, which can be misleading.不要以貌取人，外貌可能会误导你。
This well-known actor made his first public appearance in 1997.这位著名演员首次公开露面是在1997年。
&3& in appearance 看起来；外表上
In appearance, it is a strong building.看起来这幢楼很坚固。
&4& ①appear vi.出现；来到；露面 linking v.似乎；显得
It appears that… 似乎……
It appeared that he had a taste for music.他似乎喜欢音乐。
②disappear vi.消失
③disappearance n.消失
定向练2
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The old bank, whose ___________ （appear） is not pretty, is extremely beautiful inside.
appearance
[解析] 句意为：这家老银行外表有碍观瞻，但它的里面是非常漂亮的。
2.Wild swans' ___________ （appear） in the area is a good indication of a better environment.
appearance
[解析] 句意为：野生天鹅在该地区的出现是环境改善的一个很好的迹象。
3.Sadly they saw the shores of England _________ （appear） in the distance as they sailed away.
disappear
[解析] 句意为：随着他们乘坐的船只驶离，他们黯然地看着英格兰的海岸消失在远处。
In one vivid scene, Beauty looks in the mirror and her face is transformed into the Beast's.在一个生动的场景中，美女看着镜子，她的脸变成了野兽的脸。
教材P62
3 transform vt.使转化，使改观
A new colour scheme will transform your bedroom.新的色彩调配将使你的卧室焕然一新。
释义·理解
transform: to completely change sb/sth
&5& transform… （from…） into… 把……（从……）转变成……
A steam engine transforms heat into power.蒸汽机把热量转化为动力。
In only 20 years the country has been transformed into an advanced industrial power.这个国家在20年之内就变成了一个先进的工业强国。
&6& transformation n.（彻底的）改变；改革
定向练3
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.成功和财富已经改变了他的性格。
Success and wealth ____________________________.
have transformed his character
2.这部电影几乎在一夜之间将她从一个不知名的女学生转变成了一个电影明星。
The movie ___________ her almost overnight ______ an unknown schoolgirl _____ a movie star.
transformed
from
into
For example, the whispering furniture is as frightening as anything in modern films.例如，窃窃私语的家具就像现代电影里的某些情节一样可怕。
教材P62
4 frightening adj.令人害怕的，吓人的
What can we do to make the experience less frightening 我们能做些什么来让这次经历不那么吓人呢？
&7& ①frighten vt.使害怕；使惊吓
frighten sb away/off 把某人吓走/吓跑
frighten sb to death把某人吓得要死
The high prices have frightened off many customers. 高价使许多顾客却步。［《牛津高阶》］
②frightened adj.惊吓的；受惊的；害怕的
be frightened of （doing）… 害怕（做）……
be frightened to do… 不敢做……
be frightened to death 被吓得要死
be frightened that… 害怕……
I'm frightened of walking home alone in the dark.我害怕在黑夜单独走路回家。［《牛津高阶》］
I was frightened to death the moment I saw the car coming towards me.看到汽车向我开来的那个瞬间，我吓得要死。
③fright n.惊吓；恐怖
in fright 惊恐地
She cried out in fright. 她吓得大声喊叫。
定向练4
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He was frightened ___ losing power.
of
2.She was frightened ________ （look） down from the top floor of the building.
to look
3.Flying for the first time _________ （frighten） some people to death.
frightens
4.Seeing the ___________ tiger, the boy was __________ （frighten）.
frightening
frightened
二、翻译句子。
看到那骇人的场景，小姑娘被吓得要死，害怕地哭了起来，脸上写满了恐惧。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________
Seeing the frightening scene, the little girl was frightened to death and cried in fright with a frightened expression on her face.
1
【句意】城堡的主人是个怪物，半人半兽，他告知商人，让他的一个女儿代替他来城堡当囚犯，不然他就会死。 教材P62
&8& either… or… 的用法
either… or… 意为“不是……就是……；要么……要么……”，用于表示选择，连接两个性质相同的词或短语。
When the girl is happy， she either sings or dances.那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。
I left it either on the table or in the drawer.我要么把它放在桌子上了，要么把它放在抽屉里了。
特别注意 either… or… 连接两个名词成分作主语时，谓语动词的数通常和与其靠近的主语保持一致，即“就近原则”。用法相同的还有neither… nor…, not only… but also… 等。
Either you or I am wrong.不是你错了就是我错了。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He is either at home ___ at school.
or
2.Either my uncle or my parents ____ （be） going to Beijing tomorrow.
are
[解析] 谓语动词的数由my parents决定。
二、翻译句子。
我喜欢自己一个人或是和家人一起旅行。
_________________________________________________
I enjoy travelling either by myself or with my family.
2
【句意】例如，窃窃私语的家具就像现代电影里的某些情节一样可怕。 教材P62
&9& as… as… 原级比较结构
①基本用法：as+ adj./adv.+as… 和……一样……
His handwriting is as beautiful as mine.他的字写得和我的字一样好。
I can speak English as fluently as a native speaker.我英语讲得可以和英语母语者一样流利。
②否定形式：not as/so+adj./adv.+as 表示前者不如后者
I am not as/so busy as I used to be.我没有过去那么忙了。
③加名词时：as+ adj.+（a/an+） n.+as
The mobile phone is as useful a tool as the computer.手机是和电脑一样有用的工具。
特别注意 在比较状语从句中通常把和主句重复的部分（多为系动词和表语）省略；如果主句谓语是行为动词，从句则用do的相应形式代替与主句相同的谓语部分。
He is as tall as I （am）.他和我一样高。
Jack works as hard as Jim does.杰克工作和吉姆一样努力。
定向练2
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.他篮球打得和我一样好。
He plays basketball as _____ as me.
well
2.他的建议不如我的有价值。
His suggestion is not ______ valuable as mine.
as/so
3.人们普遍认为，教学既是一门艺术，也是一门学问。
It is generally believed that teaching is as much ____ art as it is a science.
an
3
【句意】虽然这部电影是黑白的，但光的妙用使得它有时就像是会动的油画。 教材P62
&10& “make+宾语+宾语补足语”复合结构
①make复合结构的常见形式有：
名词（短语）
介词短语
形容词（短语）
不带to的动词不定式
过去分词
We made him captain of our football team.我们推选他担任我们足球队的队长。
Our teacher makes us feel more confident.我们的老师让我们感觉更自信了。
The news that the earthquake happened in Japan made us amazed.日本发生地震的消息让我们震惊。
make+宾语+
②当宾语为不定式（短语）或从句时，常用it作形式宾语：
（for sb） to do
从句
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.大雨使得我们无法出去。
特别注意 ①“make sb do sth （使某人做某事）”这一结构若变成被动语态，后面的动词不定式要将to还原，构成“sb be made to do sth”结构。
They made the workers work 10 hours a day.→The workers were made to work 10 hours a day by them.他们让工人们每天工作十个小时。
②make后的宾补只能用过去分词，不能用现在分词。
She tried to make herself understood while giving her talk.演讲时，她尽量表达清楚自己的意思。
make it+n./adj.+
定向练3
一、用make复合结构翻译句子。
1.他设法让别人知道他的想法。
___________________________________________________________________________
He managed to make his ideas known./He managed to make others know his ideas.
2.我们会尽一切努力使你幸福。
___________________________________
We'll do our best to make you happy.
3.请坐，不要拘束。
________________________________________
Please sit down and make yourself at home.
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.他的懒惰使他不可能取得成功。
His laziness ____________ ___ __________ for him to achieve success.
made/makes
it
impossible
2.这个男孩被要求每天学习三个小时。
The boy _______ ______ ___ ______ three hours a day.
was/is
made
to
study
3.什么东西使得草生长？
What _______ ______ ______
makes
grass
grow
4.我们队获胜的消息使我们大家非常高兴。
The news that our team had won ______ ____ _____ _______.
made
us
very
happy
4
【句意】虽然这个版本既没有迷人的角色，也没有精彩的歌曲，但对各个年龄段的人都有吸引力。 教材P62
&11& neither… nor… 结构
①neither… nor… 表示“既不……也不……”，其含义是否定的，可以连接任意两个并列的成分。当neither… nor… 连接两个主语时，应遵循“就近原则”。
Neither you. .nor he. .likes. . this movie.你和他都不喜欢这部电影。
②neither/nor表示“也不”，常常用于倒装句的开头，紧跟在一个否定句的后面，表示某人、某事与前面提到的否定内容相同，通常涉及省略，即“neither/nor+助动词+主语（+主要动词+其他）”。
He didn't go to the party yesterday and neither did I（go to the party）.=He didn't go to the party yesterday and I didn't go to the party yesterday, either.他昨天没有去那个聚会，我也没去。
&12& neither… nor… 与either… or… 的用法区别
neither… nor… 表示对两者的否定；either… or… 意为“或者……或者……；要么……要么……”或“不是……就是……”,表示两者选其一。这两个结构连接句子中两个并列的成分作主语时，都遵循“就近原则”。
特别注意①neither和either在句子中作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Neither of them knows me.他们都不认识我。
Either of them knows me.他俩都认识我。
②neither本身表示否定，其后不能再用否定式。
定向练4
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Neither you nor she___ （be） good at drawing.
is
[解析] 句意为：你和她都不擅长绘画。当neither… nor… 连接两个主语时，应遵循“就近原则”，谓语动词的人称和数由she决定。
2.Tom does not do it; ___________ does Jack.
neither/nor
[解析] 句意为：汤姆没做这件事，杰克也没有。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.我既不待在家里也不去购物。
I _______ stay at home ____ go shopping.
neither
nor
2.我们既不能选择吃面条也不能选择吃米饭。
We could choose to eat _______ ________ ____ _____.
neither
noodles
nor
rice
3.他既不知道也不关心发生了什么。
He _______ _______ ____ ______ what happened.
neither
knows
nor
cares
4.你或者你爸爸将与她一起去。
_______ you ___ your father will go with her.
Either
or
5
【句意】在我看来，你似乎一直在查看手机上的通知或消息。 教材P66
&13& seem的用法
seem为连系动词，意为“看来；似乎；好像”，用来表示说话人内心有一定依据的判断或猜想。常用于以下结构：
seem+adj./n.看起来……（形容词或名词作表语）
seem to do/be… 似乎/好像做/是……
It seems that… 似乎/好像…… （that引导表语从句）
It seems as if/though… 似乎/好像……（as if/though引导表语从句）
There seems to be… 好像/似乎有……
The man over there seems to be a new teacher.那边的那位男士好像是一位新老师。
It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么事。
There seems to be a lot of support for this move.似乎有很多人支持这项举措。
seem后接不定式（短语）时应注意不定式（短语）的形式变化：一般式to do （不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后）； 进行式to be doing（不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生）；完成式to have done （不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前）。
You seem to catch a cold.看来你要感冒了。（“感冒”发生在seem 之后）
He seems to be doing his homework.他好像正在做作业。（“做作业”与seems同时发生）
You seem to have caught a cold.看来你已经感冒了。（“感冒”在seem 之前已经发生）
定向练5
一、同义句转换。
1.She seems very sad.
→She seems ___ ____ very sad.
to
be
2.Nobody seemed to have lost a child.
→It seemed that ________ _____ _____ a child.
nobody
had
lost
3.It seems that there will be no time for playing now.
→There _______ ___ ____ no time for playing now.
seems
to
be
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It seems _____ she will never get over her mother's death.
that
[解析] 句意为：看起来她永远都不会从失去母亲的痛苦中走出来。
2.The young man seemed ________________ （change） much over the years.
to have changed
[解析] 句意为：那个年轻人这么多年来似乎已经改变了很多。
3.The children seemed ____________ （eat） something in the room right now.
to be eating
[解析] 句意为：孩子们现在好像正在房间里吃东西。
4.______ doesn't seem to be much hope of our beating that team.
There
[解析] 句意为：看来我们战胜那个队没有多大希望。
三、翻译句子。
1.看来现在没有工作需要你做了。
________________________________________________________________________________________
There seems to be no work for you to do now./It seems that there is no work for you to do now.
2.好像除我之外每个人都知道了。
____________________________________________
It seems as if/though everyone knew except me.
写作仿写影评
素材储备
1.文体介绍
影评（film review）通常采用夹叙夹议的手法进行写作，其目的是让读者对某部影片有所了解。影评多用一般现在时描述故事情节，人称以第一、三人称为主。
2.篇章结构
（1）引入要介绍的影视作品；
（2）整体介绍影视作品的内容，让读者掌握故事梗概；
（3）从某一角度出发为读者提供更多的信息，让读者对该作品有进一步的了解和认识；
（4）从理论和情感的角度对这部作品进行综合的评价，同时阐明自己的观点。
3.常用表达
（1）介绍基本情况的句式
The film/movie is directed by/stars… 这部电影由……导演/主演。
The film/movie, which is produced by…, is about… 这部电影由……制作，是关于……的。
The story of the movie is based on… 这部电影的故事情节是基于……的。
The movie… tells a simple but moving story.这部电影……讲述了一个简单但感人的故事。
（2）进行评价常用的句式… is a wonderful example of world cinema.……是世界电影制作业的绝佳典范。
My favourite part of the movie is… 电影中我最喜欢的部分是……
I'm disappointed with the movie because… 我对这部电影很失望，因为……
（3）表达结论常用的句式
Many people like the movie not just because…, but also because… 很多人喜欢这部电影不仅因为……，而且因为……
The movie like… has such an influence on me.像……这样的电影对我有着如此深远的影响。
In spite of these small problems, … is still a great film, and I really love it.尽管有这些小问题，……还是一部很棒的电影，我真的很喜欢它。
模拟演练
假定你是李华，打算向你的外国朋友Eric推荐一部你最近看过的科幻电影《流浪地球》（The Wandering Earth），请用英语给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.观影地点；
2.介绍电影（主题:保护人类共同的家园——地球，观众评价等）；
3.推荐观影。
注意:1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Eric,
How's everything going I'm writing to recommend science fiction The Wandering Earth to you.
I watched the film at a local theatre, whose theme is to save the earth and protect our common home.Viewers describe it as a breakthrough in the Chinese film industry and it has received a wide range of positive reviews so far.I was deeply impressed with the film's theme which is about protecting the earth.The earth is our common home and we should spare no effort to protect it.
I strongly suggest you have a try at the theatre and it will absolutely not disappoint you!
Yours,
Li Hua
请总结你学到的有用表达：
【高级词汇】
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【高级句式】
____________________________________________________________________________________________
