江苏高考英语概要写作专项训练10篇（含解析）
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| 名称 | 江苏高考英语概要写作专项训练10篇（含解析） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-10 15:31:46 | ||
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文档简介
概要写作
1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
How often do you have a conversation with someone, and think you are paying attention to him or her, only to realize shortly afterwards that you can’t remember what he said Or, perhaps you get distracted while he is speaking and miss the message that he is trying to deliver. In today’s busy world, modern life is full of distractions: TVs, radios, traffic noises, telephones, laptops and so on, which can make it difficult to listen with our full attention.
But how can we listen more effectively Jon Kabat-Zinn, professor at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, put forward the idea of mindful listening. He said mindfulness means paying attention in a particular way, with a purpose, at the present moment and non-judgmentally.
When we listen mindfully, we can be aware of some barriers but still remain open to the speaker’s ideas and messages. Mindfulness encourages us to be aware of the present moment, let go of distractions and ignore physical and emotional reactions to what people say to us.
But how can we apply mindful listening to our life Jon Kabat-Zinn describes three key elements of mindful listening that we can use to improve our listening skills.
First of all, be present. When we listen mindfully, our focus should be on the person we are listening to without distractions. Then develop empathy(共鸣). We often see the world through our own experiences. When we’re empathetic, we can understand a situation-from someone else’s point of view. At last, listen to our own “cues”. Our cues are the thoughts, feelings and physical reactions that we have when we feel anxious or angry, and they can block out ideas and perspectives that we’re uncomfortable with. Mindful listening can help us to be more aware of our cues, and allow us to choose not to let them block communication.
The rule is straightforward: simply “Listen”! Listen carefully and attentively. Pay full attention to the other person, and don’t let other thoughts, like what we are going to say next, distract us.
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2．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
There are some important regulations parents can take to make sure their kids use cell phones in a safe and responsible way. When kids know what the consequences are when rules aren’t followed, that makes life more predictable for them.
Most kids are not paying for their cell phones or their cell phone plans, so if you pay for it, you own it, which means you have the right to take it away anytime if they disobey the rules you set up earlier.
After a kid has a cell phone, suddenly parents discover data runs out half way through the month. This can get expensive and your kids need to know how to monitor their use. Also, teen cell phone addiction should be limited. Generally, it’s a good idea to have no cell phone policy while they are doing homework and at e to agreement in advance about what they are and aren’t allowed to download on their cell phone. There are some really bad apps for kids that you don’t want on their phones.
Make sure your kids understand how to set up their privacy. Talk with them about why guarding their privacy is so important. Many teens truly have no concept about everything that a cell phone can share about them including personal information and their location.
You want to cover what is and isn’t appropriate to share via a cell phone. This definitely means photos and language used in emails and on social media. But don’t forget simpler things like providing their address, their age or what school they go to online.
Lastly, there are times and places when using one’s cell phone is not appropriate. In movie theaters or during class time at school the phone should be on silent and put away. Additionally, when someone is having a face to face conversation with them, they need to be looking at the person, not their phone.
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3．概要写作
Smart phone reliance （依赖）
Today is the second day of the Chinese New Year, a day of another round of family reunions and parties. Yet today the parties are different from what they used to be. People are not together in the same home, but instead gather together in cyberspace. It is another symptom （症状） of the so﹣called smart phone reliance syndrome.
Therefore, we feel more distanced from each other in the real world. The reason is that we have more choices now，and we have to keep up with virtual（虚拟的）conversations for fear that we will miss out on something. We no longer have to pretend to be interested in someone standing before us, because we can just talk with someone more interesting somewhere else.
However, one group risks being left behind by this trend. The elderly in our society do not accept new technologies as fast as the younger and they can not enjoy the convenience of new technologies in the same way. Very few old people know how to use a smart phone, and most of the cell phone makers have all developed special cell phones with only basic functions to suit their needs. They even don't use the internet much. So, the elderly face the loneliness of being "left behind" by their children working in cities far away. Spring Festival is almost the only chance for them to talk with the younger generation, yet smartphones deprive （剥夺） them out of this opportunity.
The only way the younger and elder generations can meaningfully communicate is that the former put down their smartphones during this Spring Festival holiday and talk with their older relatives face to face. And by doing so, we will also be doing ourselves a favor. Today we are the digital pioneers, but we won't be in 30 years. It is our children that will be opening a new path with the latest technologies, and we, slow to accept new things, will be left to our own devices （设备）. If we hope our children will talk with us 30 years later, we need to set a good example for them now.
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4．Summary
Fishing is probably the world’s most popular sport. People spend many dollars each year on items like boats and four-wheel-drive vehicles. In addition, they spend money on fishing equipment, bait, fuel and boat repairs. And you can see that fishing can be an expensive pastime. Fishing lovers believe that their hobby is worth it. Others say that fishing is spoiling the environment and that it is a cruel hobby.
Supporters of fishing say that it is a nice hobby. Firstly, of the millions of people who fish for fun, most only catch enough fish to feed their families. They catch fish that are found in large numbers, so there is little danger to the species.
Secondly, recreational fishermen contribute to the economy. They spend money on equipment and other items, and they also spend it indirectly by paying taxes on their equipment and fuel. Those who travel to fishing spots pay for accommodation and airfares. This money keeps people in work and provides new jobs each year.
Thirdly, fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress. Instead of turning to drugs or alcohol, it is far better to go fishing. People who are relaxed are generally healthier and much nicer to be near –except for the smell of the bait!
Those who disagree with fishing say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken from rivers, lakes, streams and oceans. This could lead to the dying out of some species. Modern cars and boats mean that people can fish in remote areas of the world, so no place is safe from greedy fishermen who take both males and females, leaving few fish to produce young.
Those against fishing also say that it is a blood sport, which means that an animal must die so that a human can have fun. Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable for eating, so they are thrown away. Once hooked, fish have no chance of escape.
5．第五部分 书面表达（满分20分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Like many students, Ryan believes that the time and money spent on his education will pay off: he will eventually be able to get a good job and do well in the field he has chosen. Yet, in spite of all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job.
Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case.Lewis believes that most of our school experiences--from childhood through university-- are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more uncertain.In school,for example,the.pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly.
Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are unprepared to think analytically. In school, many students, including those in college, spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they“learned”on tests.But in the workplace employees“are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor's instructions.” Less time needs to be spent in school on testing, says one recent report, and more on helping students to analyze and interpret information,solve problems,and communicate their ideas effectively--skills that will prepare them to succeed in today’s workplace.
Finally many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face is adapting to teamwork on the job. In the workplace, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee's success not only depends on his hard work and expertise(专业知识), but also on how well his colleagues perform.Knowing how to participate in teamwork--and deal with problems when they arise--is extremely important, and yet, it is also something many students didn’t get quite exposed to in a school setting.
How can we better prepare young adults for the workplace Recent graduates, looking back on their educational experience, have some advice. Many think that all students should be required to do an internship(实习) while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital, or government organization, for example, can help one gain experience and learn skills needed to succeed in the real world.Pairing this kind of practical work experience with classroom instruction, say the graduates, will help prepare students for the realities of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful.
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6．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Many couples who already have one healthy, happy child, are facing a dilemma（困境），that is, the issue of whether to have a second child or not. They have hard jobs and limited time and money, but they want to make sure that their only child does not become a lonely child. So, what are the advantages and disadvantages of having a second child That is what so many couples are very much concerned about and eager to understand.
One popular saying is that one child means a lonely child. That's why many single- child parents plan to have a second child. They feel guilty about their decision to have only one child, because there are no other children in the family for their only child to play with, which may make the child feel lonely at times, especially during vacations.
Another common argument against having just one child is that an only child may be more spoiled than one with brothers or sisters. If one couple have only one child, the child can't learn to share things with others and is less capable of getting along well with other children than one who grows up with brothers or sisters.
However, in many parts of the world, more and more parents are still choosing not to have a second child because they argue that there are advantages for the child as well as the parents. With just one child, they suggest, there is little chance of family arguments concerned with children. Besides, as an only child in the family, the child can receive more quality time and attention. This often leads to increased self-respect and independence, which can lead to the child being more confident.
Unluckily, there is no simple answer to the question of whether or not to have a second child. Every family is different, and what is suitable for one family may not be for another. The important thing, in the end, is to make a decision that both you and your spouse（配偶）feel confident about.
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7．阅读下面的材料.然后按要求150词左右的英语短文。
The application of many electronic devices, like the iPad, has allowed even very little kids to make the use of a computer. Its portability has made it possible for students to get access to the Internet. even in the classroom.
Andrew Benbow works in a Chinese school where every student and all the teaching staff are given a free iPad for study and work in and after class. For him, the obvious advantage of everyone having an iPad is the improvement in mutual communication. Documents can be emailed straight to colleagues whenever needed. Children can submit their homework by email WeChat, or through the virtual learning environment.
Abigale. who is from Liverpool, teaches English at Shanghai Cube Bilingual School In her school, each teacher is provided with a laptop but only a select few are given iPads. She doesn't believe all the students at school ought to be offered iPads. Some teachers are unwilling to let go of the traditional style of teaching. Meanwhile most students prefer to keep their exercise books and rely on them for handy revision.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2. 用约120个单词阐述你对“在教学中使用平板电脑”的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称：
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整 语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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8．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Bees are important to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate (授粉)large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.
In 2010, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive(蜂巢). In October of 2010, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.
There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeepers get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.
The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect.
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9．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
If you're worried that too much “screen time ”could badly influence your child's intelligence， new research suggests you might be right. By analyzing the data gathered from over 4，500U. S. kids aged 8 to 11 between 2016 and 2017，Jeremy Walsh，a postdoctoral fellow with the CHEO Research Institute in Ottawa， found that too much “screen time” could be harming your child's intelligence.
Kids with the sharpest intellects spent less than two hours a day on their cellophanes， tablets and computers coupled with 9 to 11 hours of sleep and at least an hour of physical activity. Too much screen time could be affecting kids ability to focus， especially if they are switching between apps on a device or between different screens at the same time， Walsh suggested. “ One leading theory is that much time on screens is spent multitasking using multiple apps or devices at once，” he said. “This can interfere with a child's ability to focus and keep interest on a task. It can be damaging the building blocks for good cognition(认知).”
Sleep is important for brain development， since that's when the brain reorganizes itself and grows， Walsh added. Besides， exercise has been shown to increase blood flow to the brain and oxygenation of brain tissues， and increases the connectivity of networks in the brain. Too much screen time could lead to a“ cascade”(瀑布) effect where kids don't get enough sleep and then are less active during the day.“ You can see how this would have an impact on brain health，” Walsh said.
What should parents do Walsh advised setting firm rules about the use of screens including how long children are using the screens， the kinds of apps they are using and how many screens they are using at once. Concerned parents also should preview games or apps before letting their child play， seek out more interactive(交互的)options that engage the child's mind， and use parental controls to block or filter content and limit screen time.
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10．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Is the traditional family dinner a thing of the past In today’s households where both parents go to work and kids have busy schedules with school, an array of afternoon activities and much homework, finding time for a gathering at the table seems impossible. Yet, studies have shown time and again that eating together has multiple benefits for family members, especially children.
According to a number of reports issued by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, children who eat at least five times a week with their family are at lower risk of developing poor eating habits, weight problems or alcohol dependencies, and tend to perform better academically than their peers who frequently eat alone or away from home.
Eating together as a family is not just about food and nutrition. “Food has become so easily and cheaply available that we no longer appreciate its significance,” says Professor Robin Fox, who teaches anthropology at Rutgers University in New Jersey. "We have to rediscover its importance and its value." Sharing a meal with loved ones should be considered a special event, which can almost take on the form of a ceremony, as it was practiced by our ancestors, for whom finding food was a constant struggle.
Besides appreciation for the value of food, there are also many social elements that come into play when families share meals, says Miriam Weinstein, author of The Surprising Power of Family Meals. The dinner table can be the perfect environment where kids learn how to conduct conversations, observe good manners, serve others, listen, solve conflicts and compromise.
Of course, there is no guarantee that the simple act of eating at home surrounded by family will save children from developing unhealthy lifestyles or making regrettable choices down the road. It may not make them more virtuous (品行端正的) or socially more responsible. But it can form a basis for a lot of things that point them in the right direction.
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参考答案：
1．In the modern society, we have found that due to so many distractions, it is easy to get distracted while listening. In order to make us listen more effectively, professor Jon Kabat-Zinn brought forth mindfulness, which encourages us to be conscious of the present moment. In addition, he also presents three key factors of mindful listening that can be used to improve our listening skills, such as being present, developing empathy, and listening to our own “cues”. In all, listen with your full attention, and ignore the distractions.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何不分心地听别人说话，并讲述了导致分心的因素，如何用心倾听以及三种运用到用心倾听中的因素。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①In today’s busy world, modern life is full of distractions: TVs, radios, traffic noises, telephones, laptops and so on, which can make it difficult to listen with our full attention.
②But how can we listen more effectively Jon Kabat-Zinn, professor at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, put forward the idea of mindful listening.
③Mindfulness encourages us to be aware of the present moment, let go of distractions and ignore physical and emotional reactions to what people say to us.
④Jon Kabat-Zinn describes three key elements of mindful listening that we can use to improve our listening skills.
⑤First of all. be present. Then develop empathy. At last, listen to our own “cues”.
2.缜密构思
将第1要点进行概括总结，将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第4、5两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
①In the modern society, we have found that due to so many distractions, it is easy to get distracted while listening.
②In order to make us listen more effectively, professor Jon Kabat-Zinn brought forth mindfulness, which encourages us to be conscious of the present moment.
③In addition, he also presents three key factors of mindful listening that can be used to improve our listening skills, such as being present, developing empathy, listening to our own “cues”.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In the modern society, we found that due to so many distractions, it is easy to get distracted while listening.(运用that引导的宾语从句和while引导的时间状语从句将第一段要点概括)
[高分句型2]In order to make us listen more effectively, professor Jon Kabat-Zinn brought forth mindfulness, which encourages us to be conscious of the present moment. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句以及动词不定式作状语将第二段和第三段进行了概括)
2．Parents can make rules to guide their kids to use cell phones safely and responsibly. (要点1) First, parents have the right to determine how to use cellphones because they own them. (要点2) Besides, parents should teach kids to use cell phones wisely. (要点3) Lastly, it is important to make sure they know how to protect their privacy. Meanwhile, when and where to use cell phones should also be told. (要点4)
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母可以采取一些重要的规定确保孩子安全、负责地使用手机。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①There are some important regulations parents can take to make sure their kids use cell phones in a safe and responsible way.
② so if you pay for it, you own it, which means you have the right to take it away anytime if they disobey the rules you set up earlier.
③ This can get expensive and your kids need to know how to monitor their use. Generally, it’s a good idea to have no cell phone policy while they are doing homework and at e to agreement in advance about what they are and aren’t allowed to download on their cell phone.
④ Make sure your kids understand how to set up their privacy.
⑤You want to cover what is and isn’t appropriate to share via a cell phone.
⑥ Lastly, there are times and places when using one’s cell phone is not appropriate.
2.缜密构思
将第3点进行整理概括，将第4、5两个要点进行重组
3.遣词造句
①Parents can make rules to guide their kids to use cell phones safely and responsibly.
②Parents have the right to determine how to use cellphones because they own them.
③Parents should teach kids to use cell phones wisely.
④It is important to make sure they know how to protect their privacy.
⑤When and where to use cell phones should also be told.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It is important to make sure they know how to protect their privacy.（使用了it作形式主语，概括第四段的内容，表达非常高级。）
[高分句型2] When and where to use cell phones should also be told.（疑问词+不定式做主语，概括了最后一段的内容，用法比较高级）
3．One of the symptoms of the smart phone reliance syndrome is that people are glued to smart phones when having family reunions. (要点一)Consequently, people are physically near but mentally far in the real world. Meanwhile, the old are left behind because they can't keep up with the fast development of technology. （要点二）So it's high time that parents put down smart phones and communicated more with the old, thus setting a good example for children to follow/being role models to children. （要点三）
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。本文文章主要讲述了人们对手机上瘾的现象，产生的危害以及提出解决办法。
【详解】通读全文，我们可以从以下三个方面对文章进行总结:
1. 描述现状即对手机上瘾的表现：手机依赖症的表现之一就是人们在家庭聚会时也机不离手。可用到的词汇有：symptom; be glued to; family reunions; reliance等。
2. 手机依赖所造成的后果：人们看似与真实世界离得很近，实则恰好相反；此外，老人因跟不上技术的发展而被遗忘。可用到的词汇有：consequently; far from; leave behind; keep up with等。
3. 提出解决方法：人们是时候放下手机与亲人尤其是老人多交流，为孩子树立一个可以参照的好榜样。可用到的词汇有：it is high that sb. did sth.; set an example to sb.等
4．People differ in their attitude to fishing. Fishing supporters think that a small catch of fish has little effect on the species of fish. Besides, fishing helps the economy and relieves people of stress. However, those against fishing believe that fishing, a cruel hobby, leads to the extinction of some species.
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括人们对钓鱼的不同态度：支持者认为，钓鱼对鱼的种类几乎没有影响，而且还有助于经济发展，缓解人们的压力；反对者认为，钓鱼是残忍的，会导致一些物种的灭绝。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
5．Many recent graduates have difficulty adjusting to life on the job. One reason is life in the working world is uncertain, and constant change is normal. Another problem is they are unprepared to think analytically. The biggest difficulty is adapting to teamwork. In order to make young adults better prepare for the workplace, many graduates advise all students should do an internship while in school.
【分析】文章的主要结构为总-分-总结构。讲述了许多应届毕业生很难适应工作生活的原因，并提出了建议。符合概要写作常规出题思路。
【详解】第一段讲述了许多应届毕业生很难适应工作生活的现象。可以用到的词汇或句型有：recent graduates；have difficulty in；adjust to等。第二、三、四段讲述了他们很难适应工作生活的原因。可以用到的词汇或句型有：life in the working world；constant change；unprepared；analytically；adapt to；teamwork等。第五段讲述了针对这个现象提出的建议。可以用到的词汇或句型有：in order to；prepare for；internship等。句子In order to make young adults better prepare for the workplace, many graduates advise all students should do an internship while in school.使用了不定式作目的状语和advise后接从句使用should+动词原形。
6．【参考范文l】
Whether to have a second child puzzle many couples. Some believe it means being no longer lonely and helps their children learn to share and become sociable. However. Having one child will let the child become more independent and confident due to more quality life and attention to the child. Of course, it’s decided by the couples.
【参考范文 2】
Opinions are divided as for whether to have a second child. To avoid their child being lonely and spoiled, many couples prefer to have a second child. But still more people would rather choose not to do so because it might increase family problems and “more children” means “less quality time and attention”, which in turn makes them less confident and self-respectful. Anyhow, it’s important to make the decision by the parents themselves.
【分析】这是一篇议论文的概要写作。议论文一般都有论点、论据、论证，同学们只要把文章的结构理清楚了，写这篇概要写作就容易很多。
【详解】第一步：阅读文本，分析文章的写作结构。第一段提出文章议论的主题：what are the advantages and disadvantages of having a second child （有二孩的好处和坏处有什么？）；第二段第三段论述的是有二孩的好处；第四段论述的是没有二孩的好处，最后一段表明结论：是否要二孩没有固定的答案，最重要的是夫妻双方做出适合自己的决定。
第二步：确定内容摘要的写作结构。第一句话点名主题，第二句写要二孩的好处（总结第二段与第三段），第三句写没有二孩的好处，最后一句总结文章中的结论。
第三步：列提纲 （重点词组）
puzzle（使困惑）；being no longer lonely（不再孤单）；help… learn to share（帮……学会分享）；become sociable（变得善于交际）；become more independent and confident（变得更加独立和自信）；due to（由于）；be decided by…（被……决定）等。
第四步：遣词造句：同学们在写作时不能逐句翻译，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯，同时要点表述要完整，文章要通顺，准确使用时态和语态。
第五步：连句成文：写作时要适当使用连词、过渡词和插入语，使文章浑然一体。同时恰当而合理地使用一些高级词汇和句型，如定语从句等，以提高文章档次。
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多句式，如：第一句使用了whether引导的主语从句；第二句使用了宾语从句；第三句使用了动名词作主语与表示原因的介词短语due to。此外本文还使用了一些高级词汇，puzzle；being no longer lonely；help… learn to share；become sociable；become more independent and confident（变得更加独立和自信）；due to；be decided by…等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
7．The introduction of iPads into the classroom divides students and teachers alike. Some applaud this initiative for it facilitates pupil-teacher interaction and boosts efficiency while others object because traditional instruction and notebook review are more effective.
I definitely go for iPad teaching in class. Specifically, user-friendly teaching apps like Quizlet or Kahoot can greatly involve students in class, stimulate their interest and enhance peer cooperation. Take Quizlet as an instance, by using iPads, teachers can instantly group students and get them started in a word dictation competition. After the game, winners and losers will soon pop out in teachers' backstage system and based on the results, the instructor can adjust his/her teaching strategy and give accurate feedbacks to individual students.
Admittedly, some students might get distracted by some inviting online games and be tempted into playing them within class. However, teachers can block pupils' access to these potential distractions and always put them on the right learning track by diversifying classroom activities and highlighting discipline issues.
【分析】这是一篇概述作文。
【详解】第1步:根据提示可知,用约30个单词概括上述信息的主要内容：在教学中使用平板电脑大家持有不同的观点。
2. 用约120个单词阐述你对“在教学中使用平板电脑”的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
第2步:根据写作要求,确定关键词(组) , 如: go for支持 ; involve students in class参与课堂, stimulate their interest and enhance peer cooperation.激发兴趣和加强同学合作等。
第3步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式,如Take Quizlet as an instance, by using iPads, teachers can instantly group students and get them started in a word dictation competition.非谓语动词的运用；Admittedly, some students might get distracted by some inviting online games and be tempted into playing them within class.被动语态。全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。
8．Bees, playing a significant part in producing our food, are now suffering a sharp decline in number. (要点1)And reports of the loss started in 2010, for which the most persuasive theory lies in the stressful lifestyle of being transported to pollinate plants and feeding on polluted corns.(要点2) Sadly, the loss of such tiny creatures will be disastrous to our economy. (要点3)(60 words)
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。文章主要讲述了蜜蜂了数量减少的原因，及给经济带来的影响。
【详解】通读全文，可从以下三个方面进行总结：对植物授粉至关重要的蜜蜂的数量正在减少；蜜蜂数量减少的两个重要原因：被四处运送进行授粉，以生产跟多的蜂蜜，给蜜蜂造成了压力，另外赖以生存的食物被杀虫剂污染；蜜蜂数量的减少会对经济带来巨大影响。
【点睛】
9．New research has found that excessive“screen time”may negatively affect children's intelligence.(要点1) It prevents children from focusing and staying interested，thus restricting their cognitive development. (要点2) Also， it results in inadequate sleep and lack of physical activity， which do harm to the brain health. (要点3)Accordingly parents are advised to establish strict regulations concerning the use of screens， monitor the contents and limit the screen time.(要点4)
【分析】本文为概要写作。首先通读全文，确定每一段的主旨大意，然后根据大意圈定关键词和短语，再进行总结概括。
【详解】Paragraph 1：段首句提出了本段的话题：If you’re worried that too much “screen time” could badly influence your child's intelligence, new research suggests you might be right.（如果你担心孩子过多的使用电子产品会严重影响孩子的智力，新的研究表明你可能是对的）。其中的关键词too much、badly influence和suggest（表明）可以相应换成excessive（过多的）、negatively affect（严重影响）和find，因此可以将这句话这样总结：New research has found that excessive “screen time” may negatively affect children's intelligence.（要点1）
Paragraph 2：本段中Walsh的看法是主要内容：This can interfere with a child's ability to focus and keep interest on a task. It can be damaging the building blocks for good cognition. (这会干扰孩子对某项任务的注意力和保持兴趣的能力。它可能会损害良好认知的形成)。其中的关键词interfere with（干扰）、keep interest on a task和 damage（破坏）可以相应换成prevent… from…（阻止某人做某事）、 stay interested和restrict（限制）。因此可以将这句话这样总结：It prevents children from focusing and staying interested，thus restricting their cognitive development. (要点2)
Paragraph 3：第三段分析了睡眠对于头脑健康的重要性。该段的主旨句：“Too much screen time could lead to a “cascade”(瀑布) effect where kids don't get enough sleep and then are less active during the day.”（长时间使用电子产品可能会导致一种“级联效应”，即孩子们睡眠不足，然后白天活动减少）。其中的关键词lead to、don’t get enough sleep和less active可以相应换成result in（导致）、inadequate sleep（睡眠不足）和lack of physical activity（缺乏体育锻炼），因此可以将这句话这样总结：Also, it results in inadequate sleep and lack of physical activity，which do harm to the brain health. (要点3)
Paragraph4：第四段段落大意： “Walsh advised setting firm rules about the use of screens…（Walsh建议父母对电子产品的使用制定严格的规定）”和“filter content and limit screen time（过滤内容和限制使用时间）”回答了父母应该怎样做去控制孩子长时间玩手机、平板和电脑。其中的关键词set firm rules、about、filter content（过滤内容）可以相应换成establish strict regulations（制定严格的规定）、concerning（关于）和monitor the contents（监控内容），因此可以将这句话这样总结：Accordingly parents are advised to establish strict regulations concerning the use of screens, monitor the contents and limit the screen time.(要点4)
最后，将以上要点按照顺序连接起来就组成了本文的概要。
【点睛】概要写作要点：1.找出每段的关键信息；2.用自己的词、词组或结构重写关键信息；3. 加上一些连接性词语使文章更通顺。同时，在针对说明文的概要写作中，一定要注意每一段的第一句，在此体裁中第一句是该段落的中心句。其次，要注意段落中的并列连词或转折连词，连词后的内容是对中心句内容的补充说明。再次，注意文章中数字、时间的表达。针对说明文不同的类型，有以下几种参考模板：1.针对事物的性质和功能。“文章主体+性质/功能+利弊”。2.针对问题提出解决方法或解决措施。“问题+解决方法：1….，2….，3….”。3.针对事情的原因及结果。“现象+原因+结果（怎么办）”。
本文是一篇说明文。文章的话题是过多的“屏幕时间”会严重影响孩子的智力。整体结构分为四段。第一段提出话题：长时间使用电子产品会严重影响孩子的智力；第二段分析不良影响产生的原因一：这会干扰孩子对某项任务的注意力和保持兴趣的能力。它可能会损害良好认知的形成；第三段分析不良影响产生的原因二：长时间使用电子产品可能会导致一种“级联效应”，即孩子们睡眠不足，然后白天活动减少。第四段提出解决的办法：父母对电子产品的使用制定严格的规定。这中文章结构是上面提到的第三种情况，即针对事情的原因及结果：“现象+原因+结果（怎么办）”。
10．Studies find that eating together as a family, which nowadays seems impossible for busy parents and kids, is actually beneficial. (要点1) First, it can contribute to children’s better physical health and academic performances. (要点2) It also offers a platform where kids can learn to appreciate the value of food and develop social skills. (要点3、要点4) Though sharing meals may not ensure children lifelong wellness, it can at least guide them on the right track. (要点5)
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。
【详解】写作步骤
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
How often do you have a conversation with someone, and think you are paying attention to him or her, only to realize shortly afterwards that you can’t remember what he said Or, perhaps you get distracted while he is speaking and miss the message that he is trying to deliver. In today’s busy world, modern life is full of distractions: TVs, radios, traffic noises, telephones, laptops and so on, which can make it difficult to listen with our full attention.
But how can we listen more effectively Jon Kabat-Zinn, professor at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, put forward the idea of mindful listening. He said mindfulness means paying attention in a particular way, with a purpose, at the present moment and non-judgmentally.
When we listen mindfully, we can be aware of some barriers but still remain open to the speaker’s ideas and messages. Mindfulness encourages us to be aware of the present moment, let go of distractions and ignore physical and emotional reactions to what people say to us.
But how can we apply mindful listening to our life Jon Kabat-Zinn describes three key elements of mindful listening that we can use to improve our listening skills.
First of all, be present. When we listen mindfully, our focus should be on the person we are listening to without distractions. Then develop empathy(共鸣). We often see the world through our own experiences. When we’re empathetic, we can understand a situation-from someone else’s point of view. At last, listen to our own “cues”. Our cues are the thoughts, feelings and physical reactions that we have when we feel anxious or angry, and they can block out ideas and perspectives that we’re uncomfortable with. Mindful listening can help us to be more aware of our cues, and allow us to choose not to let them block communication.
The rule is straightforward: simply “Listen”! Listen carefully and attentively. Pay full attention to the other person, and don’t let other thoughts, like what we are going to say next, distract us.
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2．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
There are some important regulations parents can take to make sure their kids use cell phones in a safe and responsible way. When kids know what the consequences are when rules aren’t followed, that makes life more predictable for them.
Most kids are not paying for their cell phones or their cell phone plans, so if you pay for it, you own it, which means you have the right to take it away anytime if they disobey the rules you set up earlier.
After a kid has a cell phone, suddenly parents discover data runs out half way through the month. This can get expensive and your kids need to know how to monitor their use. Also, teen cell phone addiction should be limited. Generally, it’s a good idea to have no cell phone policy while they are doing homework and at e to agreement in advance about what they are and aren’t allowed to download on their cell phone. There are some really bad apps for kids that you don’t want on their phones.
Make sure your kids understand how to set up their privacy. Talk with them about why guarding their privacy is so important. Many teens truly have no concept about everything that a cell phone can share about them including personal information and their location.
You want to cover what is and isn’t appropriate to share via a cell phone. This definitely means photos and language used in emails and on social media. But don’t forget simpler things like providing their address, their age or what school they go to online.
Lastly, there are times and places when using one’s cell phone is not appropriate. In movie theaters or during class time at school the phone should be on silent and put away. Additionally, when someone is having a face to face conversation with them, they need to be looking at the person, not their phone.
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3．概要写作
Smart phone reliance （依赖）
Today is the second day of the Chinese New Year, a day of another round of family reunions and parties. Yet today the parties are different from what they used to be. People are not together in the same home, but instead gather together in cyberspace. It is another symptom （症状） of the so﹣called smart phone reliance syndrome.
Therefore, we feel more distanced from each other in the real world. The reason is that we have more choices now，and we have to keep up with virtual（虚拟的）conversations for fear that we will miss out on something. We no longer have to pretend to be interested in someone standing before us, because we can just talk with someone more interesting somewhere else.
However, one group risks being left behind by this trend. The elderly in our society do not accept new technologies as fast as the younger and they can not enjoy the convenience of new technologies in the same way. Very few old people know how to use a smart phone, and most of the cell phone makers have all developed special cell phones with only basic functions to suit their needs. They even don't use the internet much. So, the elderly face the loneliness of being "left behind" by their children working in cities far away. Spring Festival is almost the only chance for them to talk with the younger generation, yet smartphones deprive （剥夺） them out of this opportunity.
The only way the younger and elder generations can meaningfully communicate is that the former put down their smartphones during this Spring Festival holiday and talk with their older relatives face to face. And by doing so, we will also be doing ourselves a favor. Today we are the digital pioneers, but we won't be in 30 years. It is our children that will be opening a new path with the latest technologies, and we, slow to accept new things, will be left to our own devices （设备）. If we hope our children will talk with us 30 years later, we need to set a good example for them now.
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4．Summary
Fishing is probably the world’s most popular sport. People spend many dollars each year on items like boats and four-wheel-drive vehicles. In addition, they spend money on fishing equipment, bait, fuel and boat repairs. And you can see that fishing can be an expensive pastime. Fishing lovers believe that their hobby is worth it. Others say that fishing is spoiling the environment and that it is a cruel hobby.
Supporters of fishing say that it is a nice hobby. Firstly, of the millions of people who fish for fun, most only catch enough fish to feed their families. They catch fish that are found in large numbers, so there is little danger to the species.
Secondly, recreational fishermen contribute to the economy. They spend money on equipment and other items, and they also spend it indirectly by paying taxes on their equipment and fuel. Those who travel to fishing spots pay for accommodation and airfares. This money keeps people in work and provides new jobs each year.
Thirdly, fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress. Instead of turning to drugs or alcohol, it is far better to go fishing. People who are relaxed are generally healthier and much nicer to be near –except for the smell of the bait!
Those who disagree with fishing say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken from rivers, lakes, streams and oceans. This could lead to the dying out of some species. Modern cars and boats mean that people can fish in remote areas of the world, so no place is safe from greedy fishermen who take both males and females, leaving few fish to produce young.
Those against fishing also say that it is a blood sport, which means that an animal must die so that a human can have fun. Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable for eating, so they are thrown away. Once hooked, fish have no chance of escape.
5．第五部分 书面表达（满分20分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Like many students, Ryan believes that the time and money spent on his education will pay off: he will eventually be able to get a good job and do well in the field he has chosen. Yet, in spite of all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the shift from classroom to career world and have difficulty adjusting to life on the job.
Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case.Lewis believes that most of our school experiences--from childhood through university-- are fairly predictable, while life in the working world is far more uncertain.In school,for example,the.pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant change is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly.
Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are unprepared to think analytically. In school, many students, including those in college, spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they“learned”on tests.But in the workplace employees“are often expected to think critically and make decisions about their work, not just follow a supervisor's instructions.” Less time needs to be spent in school on testing, says one recent report, and more on helping students to analyze and interpret information,solve problems,and communicate their ideas effectively--skills that will prepare them to succeed in today’s workplace.
Finally many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face is adapting to teamwork on the job. In the workplace, employees must regularly interact with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee's success not only depends on his hard work and expertise(专业知识), but also on how well his colleagues perform.Knowing how to participate in teamwork--and deal with problems when they arise--is extremely important, and yet, it is also something many students didn’t get quite exposed to in a school setting.
How can we better prepare young adults for the workplace Recent graduates, looking back on their educational experience, have some advice. Many think that all students should be required to do an internship(实习) while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital, or government organization, for example, can help one gain experience and learn skills needed to succeed in the real world.Pairing this kind of practical work experience with classroom instruction, say the graduates, will help prepare students for the realities of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful.
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6．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Many couples who already have one healthy, happy child, are facing a dilemma（困境），that is, the issue of whether to have a second child or not. They have hard jobs and limited time and money, but they want to make sure that their only child does not become a lonely child. So, what are the advantages and disadvantages of having a second child That is what so many couples are very much concerned about and eager to understand.
One popular saying is that one child means a lonely child. That's why many single- child parents plan to have a second child. They feel guilty about their decision to have only one child, because there are no other children in the family for their only child to play with, which may make the child feel lonely at times, especially during vacations.
Another common argument against having just one child is that an only child may be more spoiled than one with brothers or sisters. If one couple have only one child, the child can't learn to share things with others and is less capable of getting along well with other children than one who grows up with brothers or sisters.
However, in many parts of the world, more and more parents are still choosing not to have a second child because they argue that there are advantages for the child as well as the parents. With just one child, they suggest, there is little chance of family arguments concerned with children. Besides, as an only child in the family, the child can receive more quality time and attention. This often leads to increased self-respect and independence, which can lead to the child being more confident.
Unluckily, there is no simple answer to the question of whether or not to have a second child. Every family is different, and what is suitable for one family may not be for another. The important thing, in the end, is to make a decision that both you and your spouse（配偶）feel confident about.
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7．阅读下面的材料.然后按要求150词左右的英语短文。
The application of many electronic devices, like the iPad, has allowed even very little kids to make the use of a computer. Its portability has made it possible for students to get access to the Internet. even in the classroom.
Andrew Benbow works in a Chinese school where every student and all the teaching staff are given a free iPad for study and work in and after class. For him, the obvious advantage of everyone having an iPad is the improvement in mutual communication. Documents can be emailed straight to colleagues whenever needed. Children can submit their homework by email WeChat, or through the virtual learning environment.
Abigale. who is from Liverpool, teaches English at Shanghai Cube Bilingual School In her school, each teacher is provided with a laptop but only a select few are given iPads. She doesn't believe all the students at school ought to be offered iPads. Some teachers are unwilling to let go of the traditional style of teaching. Meanwhile most students prefer to keep their exercise books and rely on them for handy revision.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2. 用约120个单词阐述你对“在教学中使用平板电脑”的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称：
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整 语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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8．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Bees are important to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate (授粉)large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.
In 2010, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive(蜂巢). In October of 2010, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.
There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeepers get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.
The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect.
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9．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
If you're worried that too much “screen time ”could badly influence your child's intelligence， new research suggests you might be right. By analyzing the data gathered from over 4，500U. S. kids aged 8 to 11 between 2016 and 2017，Jeremy Walsh，a postdoctoral fellow with the CHEO Research Institute in Ottawa， found that too much “screen time” could be harming your child's intelligence.
Kids with the sharpest intellects spent less than two hours a day on their cellophanes， tablets and computers coupled with 9 to 11 hours of sleep and at least an hour of physical activity. Too much screen time could be affecting kids ability to focus， especially if they are switching between apps on a device or between different screens at the same time， Walsh suggested. “ One leading theory is that much time on screens is spent multitasking using multiple apps or devices at once，” he said. “This can interfere with a child's ability to focus and keep interest on a task. It can be damaging the building blocks for good cognition(认知).”
Sleep is important for brain development， since that's when the brain reorganizes itself and grows， Walsh added. Besides， exercise has been shown to increase blood flow to the brain and oxygenation of brain tissues， and increases the connectivity of networks in the brain. Too much screen time could lead to a“ cascade”(瀑布) effect where kids don't get enough sleep and then are less active during the day.“ You can see how this would have an impact on brain health，” Walsh said.
What should parents do Walsh advised setting firm rules about the use of screens including how long children are using the screens， the kinds of apps they are using and how many screens they are using at once. Concerned parents also should preview games or apps before letting their child play， seek out more interactive(交互的)options that engage the child's mind， and use parental controls to block or filter content and limit screen time.
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10．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Is the traditional family dinner a thing of the past In today’s households where both parents go to work and kids have busy schedules with school, an array of afternoon activities and much homework, finding time for a gathering at the table seems impossible. Yet, studies have shown time and again that eating together has multiple benefits for family members, especially children.
According to a number of reports issued by the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, children who eat at least five times a week with their family are at lower risk of developing poor eating habits, weight problems or alcohol dependencies, and tend to perform better academically than their peers who frequently eat alone or away from home.
Eating together as a family is not just about food and nutrition. “Food has become so easily and cheaply available that we no longer appreciate its significance,” says Professor Robin Fox, who teaches anthropology at Rutgers University in New Jersey. "We have to rediscover its importance and its value." Sharing a meal with loved ones should be considered a special event, which can almost take on the form of a ceremony, as it was practiced by our ancestors, for whom finding food was a constant struggle.
Besides appreciation for the value of food, there are also many social elements that come into play when families share meals, says Miriam Weinstein, author of The Surprising Power of Family Meals. The dinner table can be the perfect environment where kids learn how to conduct conversations, observe good manners, serve others, listen, solve conflicts and compromise.
Of course, there is no guarantee that the simple act of eating at home surrounded by family will save children from developing unhealthy lifestyles or making regrettable choices down the road. It may not make them more virtuous (品行端正的) or socially more responsible. But it can form a basis for a lot of things that point them in the right direction.
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参考答案：
1．In the modern society, we have found that due to so many distractions, it is easy to get distracted while listening. In order to make us listen more effectively, professor Jon Kabat-Zinn brought forth mindfulness, which encourages us to be conscious of the present moment. In addition, he also presents three key factors of mindful listening that can be used to improve our listening skills, such as being present, developing empathy, and listening to our own “cues”. In all, listen with your full attention, and ignore the distractions.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何不分心地听别人说话，并讲述了导致分心的因素，如何用心倾听以及三种运用到用心倾听中的因素。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①In today’s busy world, modern life is full of distractions: TVs, radios, traffic noises, telephones, laptops and so on, which can make it difficult to listen with our full attention.
②But how can we listen more effectively Jon Kabat-Zinn, professor at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, put forward the idea of mindful listening.
③Mindfulness encourages us to be aware of the present moment, let go of distractions and ignore physical and emotional reactions to what people say to us.
④Jon Kabat-Zinn describes three key elements of mindful listening that we can use to improve our listening skills.
⑤First of all. be present. Then develop empathy. At last, listen to our own “cues”.
2.缜密构思
将第1要点进行概括总结，将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第4、5两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
①In the modern society, we have found that due to so many distractions, it is easy to get distracted while listening.
②In order to make us listen more effectively, professor Jon Kabat-Zinn brought forth mindfulness, which encourages us to be conscious of the present moment.
③In addition, he also presents three key factors of mindful listening that can be used to improve our listening skills, such as being present, developing empathy, listening to our own “cues”.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In the modern society, we found that due to so many distractions, it is easy to get distracted while listening.(运用that引导的宾语从句和while引导的时间状语从句将第一段要点概括)
[高分句型2]In order to make us listen more effectively, professor Jon Kabat-Zinn brought forth mindfulness, which encourages us to be conscious of the present moment. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句以及动词不定式作状语将第二段和第三段进行了概括)
2．Parents can make rules to guide their kids to use cell phones safely and responsibly. (要点1) First, parents have the right to determine how to use cellphones because they own them. (要点2) Besides, parents should teach kids to use cell phones wisely. (要点3) Lastly, it is important to make sure they know how to protect their privacy. Meanwhile, when and where to use cell phones should also be told. (要点4)
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了父母可以采取一些重要的规定确保孩子安全、负责地使用手机。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①There are some important regulations parents can take to make sure their kids use cell phones in a safe and responsible way.
② so if you pay for it, you own it, which means you have the right to take it away anytime if they disobey the rules you set up earlier.
③ This can get expensive and your kids need to know how to monitor their use. Generally, it’s a good idea to have no cell phone policy while they are doing homework and at e to agreement in advance about what they are and aren’t allowed to download on their cell phone.
④ Make sure your kids understand how to set up their privacy.
⑤You want to cover what is and isn’t appropriate to share via a cell phone.
⑥ Lastly, there are times and places when using one’s cell phone is not appropriate.
2.缜密构思
将第3点进行整理概括，将第4、5两个要点进行重组
3.遣词造句
①Parents can make rules to guide their kids to use cell phones safely and responsibly.
②Parents have the right to determine how to use cellphones because they own them.
③Parents should teach kids to use cell phones wisely.
④It is important to make sure they know how to protect their privacy.
⑤When and where to use cell phones should also be told.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It is important to make sure they know how to protect their privacy.（使用了it作形式主语，概括第四段的内容，表达非常高级。）
[高分句型2] When and where to use cell phones should also be told.（疑问词+不定式做主语，概括了最后一段的内容，用法比较高级）
3．One of the symptoms of the smart phone reliance syndrome is that people are glued to smart phones when having family reunions. (要点一)Consequently, people are physically near but mentally far in the real world. Meanwhile, the old are left behind because they can't keep up with the fast development of technology. （要点二）So it's high time that parents put down smart phones and communicated more with the old, thus setting a good example for children to follow/being role models to children. （要点三）
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。本文文章主要讲述了人们对手机上瘾的现象，产生的危害以及提出解决办法。
【详解】通读全文，我们可以从以下三个方面对文章进行总结:
1. 描述现状即对手机上瘾的表现：手机依赖症的表现之一就是人们在家庭聚会时也机不离手。可用到的词汇有：symptom; be glued to; family reunions; reliance等。
2. 手机依赖所造成的后果：人们看似与真实世界离得很近，实则恰好相反；此外，老人因跟不上技术的发展而被遗忘。可用到的词汇有：consequently; far from; leave behind; keep up with等。
3. 提出解决方法：人们是时候放下手机与亲人尤其是老人多交流，为孩子树立一个可以参照的好榜样。可用到的词汇有：it is high that sb. did sth.; set an example to sb.等
4．People differ in their attitude to fishing. Fishing supporters think that a small catch of fish has little effect on the species of fish. Besides, fishing helps the economy and relieves people of stress. However, those against fishing believe that fishing, a cruel hobby, leads to the extinction of some species.
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括人们对钓鱼的不同态度：支持者认为，钓鱼对鱼的种类几乎没有影响，而且还有助于经济发展，缓解人们的压力；反对者认为，钓鱼是残忍的，会导致一些物种的灭绝。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
5．Many recent graduates have difficulty adjusting to life on the job. One reason is life in the working world is uncertain, and constant change is normal. Another problem is they are unprepared to think analytically. The biggest difficulty is adapting to teamwork. In order to make young adults better prepare for the workplace, many graduates advise all students should do an internship while in school.
【分析】文章的主要结构为总-分-总结构。讲述了许多应届毕业生很难适应工作生活的原因，并提出了建议。符合概要写作常规出题思路。
【详解】第一段讲述了许多应届毕业生很难适应工作生活的现象。可以用到的词汇或句型有：recent graduates；have difficulty in；adjust to等。第二、三、四段讲述了他们很难适应工作生活的原因。可以用到的词汇或句型有：life in the working world；constant change；unprepared；analytically；adapt to；teamwork等。第五段讲述了针对这个现象提出的建议。可以用到的词汇或句型有：in order to；prepare for；internship等。句子In order to make young adults better prepare for the workplace, many graduates advise all students should do an internship while in school.使用了不定式作目的状语和advise后接从句使用should+动词原形。
6．【参考范文l】
Whether to have a second child puzzle many couples. Some believe it means being no longer lonely and helps their children learn to share and become sociable. However. Having one child will let the child become more independent and confident due to more quality life and attention to the child. Of course, it’s decided by the couples.
【参考范文 2】
Opinions are divided as for whether to have a second child. To avoid their child being lonely and spoiled, many couples prefer to have a second child. But still more people would rather choose not to do so because it might increase family problems and “more children” means “less quality time and attention”, which in turn makes them less confident and self-respectful. Anyhow, it’s important to make the decision by the parents themselves.
【分析】这是一篇议论文的概要写作。议论文一般都有论点、论据、论证，同学们只要把文章的结构理清楚了，写这篇概要写作就容易很多。
【详解】第一步：阅读文本，分析文章的写作结构。第一段提出文章议论的主题：what are the advantages and disadvantages of having a second child （有二孩的好处和坏处有什么？）；第二段第三段论述的是有二孩的好处；第四段论述的是没有二孩的好处，最后一段表明结论：是否要二孩没有固定的答案，最重要的是夫妻双方做出适合自己的决定。
第二步：确定内容摘要的写作结构。第一句话点名主题，第二句写要二孩的好处（总结第二段与第三段），第三句写没有二孩的好处，最后一句总结文章中的结论。
第三步：列提纲 （重点词组）
puzzle（使困惑）；being no longer lonely（不再孤单）；help… learn to share（帮……学会分享）；become sociable（变得善于交际）；become more independent and confident（变得更加独立和自信）；due to（由于）；be decided by…（被……决定）等。
第四步：遣词造句：同学们在写作时不能逐句翻译，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯，同时要点表述要完整，文章要通顺，准确使用时态和语态。
第五步：连句成文：写作时要适当使用连词、过渡词和插入语，使文章浑然一体。同时恰当而合理地使用一些高级词汇和句型，如定语从句等，以提高文章档次。
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多句式，如：第一句使用了whether引导的主语从句；第二句使用了宾语从句；第三句使用了动名词作主语与表示原因的介词短语due to。此外本文还使用了一些高级词汇，puzzle；being no longer lonely；help… learn to share；become sociable；become more independent and confident（变得更加独立和自信）；due to；be decided by…等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
7．The introduction of iPads into the classroom divides students and teachers alike. Some applaud this initiative for it facilitates pupil-teacher interaction and boosts efficiency while others object because traditional instruction and notebook review are more effective.
I definitely go for iPad teaching in class. Specifically, user-friendly teaching apps like Quizlet or Kahoot can greatly involve students in class, stimulate their interest and enhance peer cooperation. Take Quizlet as an instance, by using iPads, teachers can instantly group students and get them started in a word dictation competition. After the game, winners and losers will soon pop out in teachers' backstage system and based on the results, the instructor can adjust his/her teaching strategy and give accurate feedbacks to individual students.
Admittedly, some students might get distracted by some inviting online games and be tempted into playing them within class. However, teachers can block pupils' access to these potential distractions and always put them on the right learning track by diversifying classroom activities and highlighting discipline issues.
【分析】这是一篇概述作文。
【详解】第1步:根据提示可知,用约30个单词概括上述信息的主要内容：在教学中使用平板电脑大家持有不同的观点。
2. 用约120个单词阐述你对“在教学中使用平板电脑”的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
第2步:根据写作要求,确定关键词(组) , 如: go for支持 ; involve students in class参与课堂, stimulate their interest and enhance peer cooperation.激发兴趣和加强同学合作等。
第3步:根据提示及关键词(组)进行遣词造句,注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步:连句成文,注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整,语言规范,语篇连贯,词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式,如Take Quizlet as an instance, by using iPads, teachers can instantly group students and get them started in a word dictation competition.非谓语动词的运用；Admittedly, some students might get distracted by some inviting online games and be tempted into playing them within class.被动语态。全文中没有中国式英语的句式,显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然,为文章增色添彩。
8．Bees, playing a significant part in producing our food, are now suffering a sharp decline in number. (要点1)And reports of the loss started in 2010, for which the most persuasive theory lies in the stressful lifestyle of being transported to pollinate plants and feeding on polluted corns.(要点2) Sadly, the loss of such tiny creatures will be disastrous to our economy. (要点3)(60 words)
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。文章主要讲述了蜜蜂了数量减少的原因，及给经济带来的影响。
【详解】通读全文，可从以下三个方面进行总结：对植物授粉至关重要的蜜蜂的数量正在减少；蜜蜂数量减少的两个重要原因：被四处运送进行授粉，以生产跟多的蜂蜜，给蜜蜂造成了压力，另外赖以生存的食物被杀虫剂污染；蜜蜂数量的减少会对经济带来巨大影响。
【点睛】
9．New research has found that excessive“screen time”may negatively affect children's intelligence.(要点1) It prevents children from focusing and staying interested，thus restricting their cognitive development. (要点2) Also， it results in inadequate sleep and lack of physical activity， which do harm to the brain health. (要点3)Accordingly parents are advised to establish strict regulations concerning the use of screens， monitor the contents and limit the screen time.(要点4)
【分析】本文为概要写作。首先通读全文，确定每一段的主旨大意，然后根据大意圈定关键词和短语，再进行总结概括。
【详解】Paragraph 1：段首句提出了本段的话题：If you’re worried that too much “screen time” could badly influence your child's intelligence, new research suggests you might be right.（如果你担心孩子过多的使用电子产品会严重影响孩子的智力，新的研究表明你可能是对的）。其中的关键词too much、badly influence和suggest（表明）可以相应换成excessive（过多的）、negatively affect（严重影响）和find，因此可以将这句话这样总结：New research has found that excessive “screen time” may negatively affect children's intelligence.（要点1）
Paragraph 2：本段中Walsh的看法是主要内容：This can interfere with a child's ability to focus and keep interest on a task. It can be damaging the building blocks for good cognition. (这会干扰孩子对某项任务的注意力和保持兴趣的能力。它可能会损害良好认知的形成)。其中的关键词interfere with（干扰）、keep interest on a task和 damage（破坏）可以相应换成prevent… from…（阻止某人做某事）、 stay interested和restrict（限制）。因此可以将这句话这样总结：It prevents children from focusing and staying interested，thus restricting their cognitive development. (要点2)
Paragraph 3：第三段分析了睡眠对于头脑健康的重要性。该段的主旨句：“Too much screen time could lead to a “cascade”(瀑布) effect where kids don't get enough sleep and then are less active during the day.”（长时间使用电子产品可能会导致一种“级联效应”，即孩子们睡眠不足，然后白天活动减少）。其中的关键词lead to、don’t get enough sleep和less active可以相应换成result in（导致）、inadequate sleep（睡眠不足）和lack of physical activity（缺乏体育锻炼），因此可以将这句话这样总结：Also, it results in inadequate sleep and lack of physical activity，which do harm to the brain health. (要点3)
Paragraph4：第四段段落大意： “Walsh advised setting firm rules about the use of screens…（Walsh建议父母对电子产品的使用制定严格的规定）”和“filter content and limit screen time（过滤内容和限制使用时间）”回答了父母应该怎样做去控制孩子长时间玩手机、平板和电脑。其中的关键词set firm rules、about、filter content（过滤内容）可以相应换成establish strict regulations（制定严格的规定）、concerning（关于）和monitor the contents（监控内容），因此可以将这句话这样总结：Accordingly parents are advised to establish strict regulations concerning the use of screens, monitor the contents and limit the screen time.(要点4)
最后，将以上要点按照顺序连接起来就组成了本文的概要。
【点睛】概要写作要点：1.找出每段的关键信息；2.用自己的词、词组或结构重写关键信息；3. 加上一些连接性词语使文章更通顺。同时，在针对说明文的概要写作中，一定要注意每一段的第一句，在此体裁中第一句是该段落的中心句。其次，要注意段落中的并列连词或转折连词，连词后的内容是对中心句内容的补充说明。再次，注意文章中数字、时间的表达。针对说明文不同的类型，有以下几种参考模板：1.针对事物的性质和功能。“文章主体+性质/功能+利弊”。2.针对问题提出解决方法或解决措施。“问题+解决方法：1….，2….，3….”。3.针对事情的原因及结果。“现象+原因+结果（怎么办）”。
本文是一篇说明文。文章的话题是过多的“屏幕时间”会严重影响孩子的智力。整体结构分为四段。第一段提出话题：长时间使用电子产品会严重影响孩子的智力；第二段分析不良影响产生的原因一：这会干扰孩子对某项任务的注意力和保持兴趣的能力。它可能会损害良好认知的形成；第三段分析不良影响产生的原因二：长时间使用电子产品可能会导致一种“级联效应”，即孩子们睡眠不足，然后白天活动减少。第四段提出解决的办法：父母对电子产品的使用制定严格的规定。这中文章结构是上面提到的第三种情况，即针对事情的原因及结果：“现象+原因+结果（怎么办）”。
10．Studies find that eating together as a family, which nowadays seems impossible for busy parents and kids, is actually beneficial. (要点1) First, it can contribute to children’s better physical health and academic performances. (要点2) It also offers a platform where kids can learn to appreciate the value of food and develop social skills. (要点3、要点4) Though sharing meals may not ensure children lifelong wellness, it can at least guide them on the right track. (要点5)
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。
【详解】写作步骤
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。