【新课标】Unit 7 The unknown world 第3课时Grammar 课件

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Unit 7 The unknown world
Period 3 Grammar
牛津深圳·广州版 八年级下
Learning objects
1. 掌握because, since和as引导原因状语从句的用法；
2. 能够在具体语境中正确使用原因状语从句；
3. 通过归纳等方法感知并运用原因状语从句，谈论未知世界。
Lead in
Let’s look and choose
Chinese ______ are heroes because they work hard without ______.
Some kids are ______ of ______ as they are strange______.
Since they kept ______ in the______, the robber didn’t ______ them.
quiet B. frightened C. astronauts D. bushes
E. aliens F. fear G. discover H. creatures
C
F
B E
H
A D
G
Chinese astronauts are heroes because they work hard without fear.
Some kids are frightened of aliens as they are strange creatures.
Since they kept quiet in the bushes, the robber didn’t discover them.
Read and pay attention to the parts in red.
Adverbial clauses of reason
原因状语从句
Presentation
( Adverbial clauses of reason)原因状语从句通常用于说明事情发生的缘由，常见的引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because, as和since等。
原因状语从句
Presentation
1. I’m sure something landed in the forest near the hills as I heard a loud noise last night.
2.We all like her as she is kind.
3. Since no one else saw these aliens, I refuse to believe you.
4. Since everyone is here, let’s start.
5. He failed the exam because he didn’t work hard.
6. I stayed at home because it rained.
Underline the adverbial clauses of reason and pay attention to the words in red.
conjunctions
Presentation
Adverbial clauses
Adverbial clauses of reason tell us why things happen. We usually use because, as and since to start adverbial clauses of reason.
I'm sure something landed in the forest near the hills as | heard aloud noise last night.
Presentation
because用法
(1)because“因为”表示直接的原因或理由，强调他人未知的事实。
语气最强，通常放在主句之后，有时也放在主句之前。
I stayed at home because it rained.
(2)回答why提出的问题，只能用because。
— Why didn’t you call me last night
— Because I didn’t want to disturb you.
(3)because(因为)和so(所以)不能一起使用。
Because it was raining, we stayed at home.=
It was raining , so we stayed at home.
Presentation
中考题小练
1. I hate travelling by air _____ you usually have to wait for hours before the plane takes off. ( 上海市)
A. because B. though
C. until D. unless
2. — _____ is the street crowded with so many people
— Because they are waiting to watch the boat races. ( 湖北宜昌)
A. Why B. Where C. How D. Who
Presentation
表示明显或已知的理由时，通常用as/since引导原因状语从句，
二者语气比because弱。
如：
You don’t have to see him today as you are too busy.
由于你太忙了，今天就没必要去看他了。
Since you have finished your work, you can have a rest.
既然你已经做完了你的工作，那就休息一下吧。
Presentation
since用法
一般表示对方已知的、无须加以说明的既成事实的理由，
全句中心在主句，语气比because弱，常译为“既然”。
引导的从句常放在句首。
Since you are free today, you had better help me with my math.
既然今天你休息， 你最好帮我补习数学。
Presentation
1. _______ he takes exercise every day, ______ he is very healthy.
A. Because; so B. Although; but
C. Because; / D. Although; /
2. — What shall we do this afternoon
— _____ it’s very cold, let’s stay at home.
A. While B. Since
C. Until D. After
Presentation
as用法
as 引导的原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，
语气比since弱，较为正式，位置灵活（常置于主句前）。
As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.
既然在下雨， 你最好乘出租汽车。
I went to bed early, as I was exhausted.
我睡得早， 因为我筋疲力尽了。
Presentation
1. ______ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.
A.For B. Since C. Before D. Whil
2. _____ the weather was fine, I opened all the windows.
As B. Because of
C. For D. With
Presentation
Adverbial clause of reason Main clause
Because
As Since no one saw else those aliens,
I refuse to believe you.
Adverbial clauses
When we put the adverbial clause of reason at the beginning of the sentence, we often separate it from the main clause with a comma (,).
Presentation
We can also put the adverbial clause of reason after the main clause.
Adverbial clause of reason Main clause
because
as since no one saw else those aliens.
I refuse to believe you
Presentation
because(因为)/since (既然)/as (由于)引导原因状语从句时，既可以放句首，也可以放句中。
Presentation
1)I didn’t go because I was afraid.
= Because I was afraid, I didn’t go.
2) You don’t have to see him today as you are too busy.
=As you are too busy, you don’t have to see him today.
3) You can have a rest since you have finished your work.
=Since you have finished your work, you can have a rest.
同
义
句
转
换
Presentation
The police officer asked Tom some more questions about the aliens.
Match the questions with the answers. Then use them to complete the police officer’s notes with as, since or because.
b
a
d
c
1 Why was Tina sure that something landed in the fores near the hills
2 Why did you and Tina hide behind some bushes
3 Why did you run away
4 Why did your father refuse to believe you
a We heard some voices speaking a strange language.
b She heard a loud noise last night.
c No one else saw these aliens.
d An alien saw us and made a terrible noise.
Presentation
Tina and I hid behind some bushes as we heard some voices speaking a strange language.
Because an alien saw us and made a terrible noise, we ran away.
Since no one else saw these aliens, our father refused to believe us.
Tina was sure that something landed in the forests
near the hills because she heard a loud noise last night.
Presentation
Let’s complete
1. because 意为__________
2. because 语气_______, 表示_________ （直接or间接）原因
3. because 常用来回答__________引导的疑问句。
4. because 常放在_______。
Let’s sum
因为
最强
直接
why
句中
注：because不能与so连用。
Presentation
5. since 意为___________________, 表示对方已知的事实或显然的理由, 语气比because_____,引导的从句常放在_________。
6. as 意为___________，表示明显的原因或已知的事实，语气比since _______, 引导的从句常放在________。
既然，由于，因为
弱
句首
由于，因为
弱
句首
注：since与as用法大致相同,且都不能与so连用。
Presentation
连词 语气 位置 用法
because 最强 前或后 “原因”；表客观因果关系；回答“why”
He is absent today because he was ill. since 较强 前 “既然”；就对方陈述的事实作为理由
Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else. as 较弱 前 “由于”；把众人所知的事实当作理由
As it is snowing，we shall not go out. Sum and make sentences
Presentation
用because, since和as填空
1. I didn’t go to school yesterday ________ I was ill.
2. ________ everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
3. ________ you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.
4. I asked her to stay nearby __________ I had something to tell her.
5. ________ all the passengers are here, why don’t we start at once.
6. Bill won’t make any progress __________ he doesn’t study harder than before.
because
Since/As
Since/As
because
Since/As
because
Presentation
1) Mr Wang told us to leave school at 2:30 p.m. The storm was coming.
2) Everyone was running quickly in the street. That was the last bus.
3) I cannot get into the flat. I forgot to bring my keys.
4) We had to change our clothes. We were all wet from the storm.
5) I left my Chinese textbook at school. I was in a hurry.
Combine the following sentences using because, as or since.
Mr Wang told us to leave school at 2:30 p.m. because/as/since the storm was coming.
Everyone was running quickly in the street because/as/since that was the last bus.
I cannot get into the flat because/as/since I forgot to bring my keys.
We had to change our clothes because/as/since we were all wet from the storm.
I left my Chinese textbook at school because/as/since I was in a hurry.
Presentation
6) I went to bed early. I felt quite tired today.
7) Simon was not able to solve the problem. It was too difficult.
8) I did not go to Tom’s birthday party. I was not invited.
I went to bed early because/as/since I felt quite tired today.
Simon was not able to solve the problem because/as/since it was too difficult.
I did not go to Tom’s birthday party because/as/since I was not invited.
Presentation
We can also use because of to give the reason for something.
I'm unhappy because of your marks in the exam!
Presentation
Read the following sentences and find the difference.
Tim didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill.
Tim didn’t go to school yesterday because of his illness.
Presentation
They went to the forest because of their curiosity.
Tina woke up at midnight because of a loud noise.
She decided to explore the forest because of it.
Work out the rule
We can use a noun, a noun phrase or a (subject pronoun/object pronoun) after because of.
Read and sum.
Presentation
1 Tina was surprised/the yellow light in the sky
_______________________________________________________________
2 The aliens landed on this planet/an accident
_______________________________________________________________
3 The children ran away from the forest/the aliens
_______________________________________________________________
4 Their dad was not sure about the children's story/the writing on the piece of paper
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Write sentences about the story on page 99 using because of.
Tina was surprised because of the yellow light in the sky.
The aliens landed on this planet because of an accident.
The children ran away from the forest because of the aliens.
Their dad was not sure about the children’s story because of the writing on the piece of paper.
Presentation
Summary
Adverbial clauses of reason tell us why things happen. We usually use because, as and since to start adverbial clauses of reason.
When we put the adverbial clause of reason at the beginning of the sentence, we often separate it from the main clause with a comma (,).
We can also put the adverbial clause of reason of reason after the main clause.
We can also use because of to give the reason for something.
Ⅰ. 单项选择
(　　)1. ________ Jane was the eldest, she looked after the others.
A. Though B. If C. As
(　　)2. ________ you know it, I won’t say it again.
A. Since B. Although C. Maybe
(　　)3. He didn’t hear the knock at the door ________ he was listening to the radio.
A. since B. as C. because
(　　)4. —Why didn’t you come
—________ my mother was ill. I have to take care of her.
A. Unless B. Because C. If
C
A
C
B
Practice
(　　)5. ________ you are tired, you had better rest.
A. As B. Why C. Before
(　　)6. I do it ________ I like it.
A. why B. because C. though
(　　)7. ________ you are free today, you can help your mother with the housework.
A. Since B. After C. Until
(　　)8. ________ you’ve got a chance, you should make good use of it.
A. Unless B. Since C. Although
A
B
A
B
Practice
II. 根据句意，从括号中选择合适的词填空
1. ____________(Because/ Because of)Tommy forgot to save the file, he had to type it again.
2. ____________(Since/Because of)everyone is here, why don’t we start our meeting at once
3. He failed in the exam ____________(because of/ since)his careless.
4. ____________(Because of /As)he was in a hurry, Jack left his bag home.
because of
As
Since
Because
Practice
Work in groups
Do you like stories/movies about aliens Why or why not
What stories/movies would you like to create
Share with some details.
Production
Homework
1. Make a mind map about adverbial clauses of reason (rules+examples).
2. Search for some news/stories about unknown world and share.
Reflection
对未知的恐惧永远不会消失，因为未知无限向外扩张，让你可怜兮兮地依附于任何已知的小庇护所: 一块饼干含有12卡路里，皮肤被割后会流血。”
―卡洛琳 · 凯特韦尔（美国著名的旅游作家，《国家地理探险》专栏作家）
The fear of an unknown never resolves, because the unknown expands infinitely outward, leaving you to cling pitifully to any small shelter of the known: a cracker has twelve calories; the skin, when cut, bleeds.”
― Caroline Kettlewell
谢谢
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