Unit 8 Topic talk & Lesson 1
一、
1._____(工业的) production has risen by 0.5% since November.
2.They were lost in the _____(沙漠) for nine days.
3.He was _____(参与) in a heated argument.
4.The builders are now beginning to lay the _____(地基) of the new school.
5.The extra money could be spent on improving public _____(交通运输系统).
6.Two weeks after we'd planted the seeds, little green _____(shoot) started to appear.
7.I can't leave such an important matter _____(finish).
8.Try to stop the children from _____(fight).
9.Most of our goods _____(transport) by sea.
10.You'd better keep a _____(balance) diet for the benefit of your health.
11.下周那位科学家真的要给我们做报告吗
____________________________________
12.目前还不清楚,该路段何时可通行使用。
____________________________________
13.那是我15岁时发生的事。
That was __________.
14.又不是你离开不回来了。
It isn't __________ forever.
15.那是因为我太爱你了。
That's __________ too much.
二、
From the loss of wildlife Lo rising sea levels, we've all well aware of the problems that climate change could cause. But while it may seem like such issues won't affect most of us directly, it looks like future generations could grow up without something that many of us now take for granted: chocolate.
According to an essay published by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, changes of the climate in the areas that produce cacao—the plant from which chocolate is produced— may mean that it will soon become extinct.
Most of the world's cacao grows in countries close to the equator(赤道), with over half of it growing in the African nations of Ghana and Ivory Coast. It's predicted that by 2050, climate change will have sped up the rate at which temperatures in these countries rise, making it extremely difficult for cacao to grow there. The problem doesn't lie in increasing heat, but in lower humidity(湿度), as it's believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises.
"In other words, as higher temperatures squeeze more water out of soil and plants, it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture(水分) loss," wrote Michon Scott, the essay's author.
To help fight this problem, researchers from Berkeley University in the US are working on changing the DNA of cacao plants to allow them to survive in dryer conditions by using gene(基因) editing technology, according to US News. In the meantime, Mars, one of the world's biggest companies of chocolate products, announced that it would spend 1 billion dollars helping reduce the effects of climate change.
"This is a world issue, and it requires everyone to work together," Mars spokesperson Barry Parkin told Business Insider.
The message here is that if we all do our part, we may be able to prevent some of the worst influences of climate change. Or if we're unlucky, chocolate will become a thing of the past.
1. What will make it hard for cacao to survive around the equator in the future
A. The increasing heat. B. The higher humidity.
C. The moisture loss in the soil. D. The decrease of rainfall.
2. What does the underlined word "offset" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Make up. B. Add up. C. Dry up. D. Use up.
3. What will Mars do to help cacao survive
A. It will work hard to plant cacao in greenhouses.
B. It will use the gene editing technology to plant cacao.
C. It will develop cacao that can survive in dryer conditions.
D. It will give financial support to help fight climate change.
4. What is this article mainly about
A. Some new research and findings about growing cacao.
B. The influence that cacao plants have on climate change.
C. Problems cacao plants could face and the possible solutions.
D. The significance of working together to fight climate change.
三、
The increasing environmental problems and need for eco-friendly products and services are creating a new job section of green-collar jobs. ① _____ It is expected that by 2025 about 25% of the jobs in developed countries will be green-collar jobs. Doesn't the data look promising for the future
②_____ And jobs will pop up at every income level, from environmental managers to gardeners. For example, many countries including the United States have understood that fossil fuels have negative effect on the environment which can later become a serious danger to mankind. ③_____ The increasing demand for newer resources has created the need for experts and researchers who can find better ways to deal with the ongoing needs. In addition, in order to meet the increasing demand for environment-friendly equipment, both green product designers and trained workers are needed. Management of environmental organizations also demands a large number of environmental managers.
④_____ The Internet is undoubtedly the best way to find information on almost any matter. Nowadays different kinds of jobs are being posted online. Search through a couple of job websites to look for a bright future in energy conversion and management and the recycling of waste. Check regularly and find the right work for yourself. ⑤_____
A.People who read newspapers can also find different kinds of green-collar jobs.
B.People who take green careers will be well paid.
C.Where can you find green-collar jobs
D.Green-collar jobs have become a bright career chance for all.
E.Many countries have realized the importance of energy-saving products and services and the need for them.
F.Therefore, possibilities are being explored to find alternatives to meet demands in a better way.
G.Forget the blue-collar and white-collar categories.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：Industrial
2.答案：desert
3.答案：involved
4.答案：foundations
5.答案：transport
6.答案：shoots
7.答案：unfinished
8.答案：fighting
9.答案：were transported
10.答案：balanced
11.答案：Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week
12.答案：It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.
13.答案：what happened when I was fifteen
14.答案：as if you were going away
15.答案：because I love you
二、
答案：1-4 CADC
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段中的 The problem doesn't lie in increasing heat, but in lower humidity可知，可可树难以存活是因为土壤中水分的流失。故选C项。
2.词义猜测题。根据第三段中的 The problem doesn't lie in increasing heat, but in lower humidity, as it's believed that rainfall will stay at the same level if the temperature rises.及第四段中的it's unlikely that rainfall will increase enough to offset the moisture loss 可知，此处是说降雨量增长不足以抵消水分的流失。所以画线词的意思是“凑足；补上”。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的Mars, one of the world's biggest companies of chocolate products, announced that it would spend 1 billion dollars helping reduce the effects of climate change 可知，美国的玛氏公司会给予经济支援，用来降低气候变化带来的影响。故选D项。
4.主旨大意题。本文主要讲由于气候变化，用于制造巧克力的可可树未来可能会灭绝，所以巧克力有可能会成为历史。所以本文主要介绍了可可树面临的问题及可能的解决方式。故选C项。
三、
答案：①-⑤ EDFCA
解析：①根据此空前一句中的关键词environmental problems和eco-friendly products可知应选E。
②本空位于段首，是本段的主题句，根据后文内容And jobs will pop up at every income level及后文中的举例可知，本段主要是说明绿领工作前景好。故选D。
③空前一句提出了化石燃料对环境有不好影响的问题，再根据空后一句中的关键词demand可知应选F。
④根据此空后两句可知网上有各种工作的信息，C选项可以与后文形成逻辑上的问答关系。故选C。
⑤根据此空前一句Check regularly and find the right work for yourself.可知，此处要讲如何找到一份工作，与A项中的can also find different kinds of green-collar jobs意思吻合，故选A。Unit 8 Lesson 3
一、
1.As we know, books are the source of knowledge. I benefit a great deal __________ reading.
2.If it's convenient ___________________ you, let's meet at 8:30 outside the school gate.
3.Come by to see us ___________________ your convenience.
4.It is said that Yoga is of great benefit __________ human health.
5.If I am lucky enough to be elected, I will make every effort to serve __________ the benefits of students and our club.
6.我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
I like to sleep __________________.
7.她将自己置于危险的境地，而且很有可能丢掉性命。
She's got herself into a dangerous situation _____________________.
8.我们的老师不允许作弊却不受到惩罚。
Our teacher ___________________________ to go unpunished.
9.这个问题毋庸争论。
The question ___________________________.
10.因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。
__________________, he wasn't allowed to go out.
11.由于为骑行提供便利，阿姆斯特丹非常受骑行者的欢迎——有高达38%的出行使用自行车。
_______________________________________________________________
12.人们在行程结束时就地停放自行车，以便其他人能继续使用。
_______________________________________________________________
13.本地人和游客都喜欢骑共享单车，因为共享单车方便又便宜，可以节省能源、减少空气和噪音污染，使人享受在城市里运动的益处。
_______________________________________________________________
14.新的“白色自行车”实际上不是白色的，而是被涂 上了鲜艳的颜色。
_______________________________________________________________
15.他们认为，如果市中心不允许使用汽车而只能用自行车，这会让所有人都受益。
_______________________________________________________________
三、
Like all big cities, Paris has a traffic problem: lots of cars, lots of traffic jams and lots of pollution from exhaust fumes(废气). So the city began a scheme(计划) to improve the situation.
Under the Velib scheme ("Velib" comes from vélo liberté, or "bicycle freedom"), people can take a bicycle, use it for as long as they want, and then leave it at the same or another bicycle station. The first half-hour on the bike is free, but if you don't return it after 30 minutes, you have to pay. But it's only ? 1 a day or ? 29 a year! The bicycles are heavy (25kg), and they are all grey and have baskets. There are about 20,000 of them in the city, and around 1,450 bicycle stations. So there are a lot more Velib stations than the 298 subway stations!
Paris is not the first city to have a scheme like this. But not everybody thinks it's a great idea. One Parisian said, "These bicycles are only for short journeys. If people want to travel across the city, they won't use a bicycle-they'll still use their cars."
A city spokesman said, "The bicycle scheme won't solve all our traffic problems, of course. But it might help reduce air pollution. Traffic, together with factory fumes, is a big problem. There aren't any simple answers to traffic problems and pollution in cities. But unless we do something now, there will be more traffic jams and temperatures will continue to rise, so the problems of our environment will get worse. The bikes might help people to lead a healthier life, too."
1. What can we learn about the Velib scheme
A. Its bikes have no baskets. B. Its bikes are light and colourful.
C. It aims to make travelling easier. D. It owns more stations than the subway.
2. How much should you pay if you use a Velib for an hour
A. ?1. B. ?30. C. ?29. D. No money.
3. Why do some people disagree with the Velib scheme
A. The cost is rather high. B. It's hard to find a Velib station.
C. It's not suitable for a long journey. D. The distance between two Velib stations is long.
4. What’s the city spokesman's attitude towards the bicycle scheme
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Uncaring. D. Worried.
三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People living in Amsterdam have been enjoying the benefits of cycling for many years. The idea known as "white bikes" ①_____(begin) about 50 years ago. Amsterdam is perfect for cycling because there are plenty ②_____ places for bicycle parking and most roads have a bicycle path.
In ③_____ 1960s, a group of cycling fans came up with an idea ④_____ (call) "white bikes". They believed if cars weren't allowed in the city centre, it would be of help to save energy and reduce ⑤_____ (pollute). Anyone could use the white bikes for short journeys and leave the bikes in the place where they finished they journey. However, problems came up and they ⑥_____ (steal) in a few weeks.
In 1999, the "white bikes" came back—this time with a computer tracking system ⑦_____ (record) their every move. Thanks to the efforts of many people, cycling has become popular and people call Amsterdam "the City of Bicycles".
Nowadays, the idea of "white bikes" ⑧_____ (pedal) its way around the world. In China, more and more cities have similar programmes and people like to use shared bikes ⑨_____ are cheap and easy. Problems like the theft of bikes and parking problems can arise. ⑩_____ (fortune), people are trying various ways of solving problems.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：from/by
2.答案：for
3.答案：at
4.答案：to
5.答案：for
6.答案：with the windows open
7.答案：where she's likely to lose her life
8.答案：does not allow cheating
9.答案：allows of no argument
10.答案：With a lot of work to do
11.答案：Because of its convenience for bicycles, Amsterdam has become very popular with cyclists-an amazing 38% of all trips are made by bike.
12.答案：People would leave the bike in the place where they finished their journey, so that someone else could then take it and use it from there.
13.答案：Both the locals and tourists like to use shared bikes because bike-sharing is a cheap and easy way to save energy, reduce air and noise pollution, and enjoy the benefits of exercise in cities.
14.答案：The new "white bikes" were not actually white but painted in bright colours.
15.答案：They believed that it would be better for everybody if cars weren't allowed in the city centre and only bicycles were.
二、
答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的So there are a lot more Velib stations than the 298. subway stations!可知,自行车车站要比地铁车站多得多。故选D项。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的But it’s only ?1 a day ?29 a year!并结合前文可知,半小时内是免费的,超过半小时需要付费,骑自行车一个小时,需要付费1欧元,故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的These bicycles are only for short journeys这些自行车仅仅适用于短程旅途,可推断自行车不适用于长途旅行。故选C项。
4.推理判断题。通读文章的最后一段,并根据该段最后一句话 The bikes might help people to lead a healthier life, too.自行车也可能帮助人们过一种更健康的生活,可知spokesman对自行车骑行方案的态度是肯定的。故选B项。
三、
答案：① began ② of ③ the ④ called ⑤ pollution ⑥ were stolen ⑦ to record ⑧ has pedaled ⑨ which/ that ⑩ Fortunately
解析：①设空处在此是谓语动词，与主语 The idea是主动关系，此处描述过去发生的动作，所以应用一般过去时。故填 began。
②plenty of为固定搭配，意为“大量的”，故填of。
③in the1960s为固定搭配，意为“在20世纪60年代”。故填the。
④设空处在此是非谓语动词作定语，与所修饰词组 an idea是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式。故填called。
⑤设空处作宾语，意为“污染”，应用名词形式。故填pollution。
⑥设空处在此是谓语动词，与主语是被动关系，根据前面的came可知，此处也应用一般过去时。故填 were stolen。
⑦句意为：1999年，“白色自行车”又回来了——这次，（它们）配有电脑跟踪系统来记录它们的“一举一动”。此处record应用非谓语形式，作with复合结构中的宾语补足语，“with+宾语+ to do”为复合结构，其中不定式表示目的。故填to record。
⑧设空处在此是谓语动词，与主语是主动关系，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，所以应用现在完成时。故填has pedaled。
⑨ _____ are cheap and easy在此是定语从句，修饰先行词bikes，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以应用指物的关系代词。故填 which/ that。
⑩设空处位于句首且修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填 Fortunately。Unit 8 Lesson 2
一、
1.The development of the food industry depends on the development of ______ (农业).
2.To my mind, this practice of pursuing _____ (利润) at the expense of all else is, in the current climate, highly questionable.
3.We were dressed up for the party but she was still in her _____(普通的) clothes.
4.There aren't enough seats for all the guests — I must tell the _____(组织者).
5.His _____(提议) that the system should be changed was rejected.
6.The man declares his willingness to work _____ the good of the people.
7.She'd learnt to be herself and to stand _____ for her belief.
8.He sold his house _____ a huge profit.
9.I don't know how you all manage to survive _____ your small salary.
10.She is working _____ a new novel.
11.他们表示希望她接受这笔奖金。
They expressed the wish __________.
12.困难在于我们缺乏资金(这个事实)。
The difficulty lies in the fact __________.
13.虽然似乎树木可以生存下来的可能性很小,但是困难并没有阻止她尝试。
________________________________________
14.尽管她悲伤,她仍想起她的儿子是多么地关心中国北方沙尘暴和沙漠。
________________________________________
15.当地政府同意她的提议,在十年内,在该地区种植一百万棵树。
________________________________________
二、
Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometre radius.
Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. Since it carries extremely powerful electric charge, it can be destructive and deadly. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods of predicting lightning.
The system tested in the experiments used a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognise weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with the data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法), which compared it to the records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning would happen.
The researchers tested the system several times. They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time. "It can now be used anywhere," the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection programme. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project. Scientists working on the project are experimenting with the laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, transferring lightning charge from clouds to the ground. They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where crowds of people gather.
1.Why was the system developed
A.To show the power of lightning.
B.To meet kids' curiosity about lightning.
C.To protect people from lightning.
D.To keep track of deaths caused by lightning strikes.
2.What is special about the system
A.It adopted a different machine learning algorithm.
B.It used an effective method of collecting data.
C.It was based on a number of samples worldwide.
D.It required the low cost of predicting lightning.
3.What will the researchers do next with the laser technology
A.Generate electricity with lightning. B.Transfer energy from lightning.
C.Monitor lightning activity. D.Prevent the occurrence of lightning.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.A Theory of Employing Lightning B.A Model of Creating Lightning
C.A System of Controlling Lightning D.A Method of Forecasting Lightning
三、
I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to EI Capitan, a 1 rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew 2 I wanted to climb it. That has been my life's passion(钟爱)ever since — 3 the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I've long made Yosemite my 4 .
About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of 5 , like beer cans, empty boxes, around the area. It's beyond me why visitors started respecting the place 6 and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way.
I tried 7 trash(垃圾) myself, but the job was too big. I would 8 an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so tired of it that I decided something had to change.
In 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a 9 . On that day, more than 300 people 10 . Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to 11 . I couldn't believe the 12 we made— the park looked clean!
Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash.
I often hear people 13 about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by 14 rather than complaining. We need to teach by 15 .
1.A.distant B.huge C.narrow D.loose
2.A.immediately B.finally C.gradually D.recently
3.A.imagining B.painting C.describing D.climbing
4.A.garden B.home C.lab D.palace
5.A.material B.resources C.waste D.goods
6.A.more B.most C.less D.least
7.A.throwing away B.picking up C.breaking down D.digging out
8.A.kill B.save C.wait D.spend
9.A.cleanup B.party C.picnic D.concert
10.A.dropped out B.showed up C.looked around D.called back
11.A.demand B.receive C.achieve D.overcome
12.A.plan B.visit C.contact D.difference
13.A.talk B.complain C.argue D.quarrel
14.A.doing B.thinking C.questioning D.watching
15.A.method B.explanation C.example D.research
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：agriculture
2.答案：profit
3.答案：ordinary
4.答案：organisers
5.答案：proposal
6.答案：for
7.答案：up
8.答案：at
9.答案：on
10.答案：on
11.答案：that she accept the award
12.答案：that we are short of money
13.答案：Although there seemed only a slim chance that the trees could survive, the difficulty did not prevent her from trying.
14.答案：But despite her sadness, she remembered how concerned her son had been about the sandstorms and deserts in northern China.
15.答案：The local government agreed with her proposal to plant one million trees in the region over ten years.
二、
答案：1-4.CABD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods of predicting lightning.可知,每年有许多人被闪电击中身亡,因此科学家们长期以来都在寻找预测闪电的方法,由此可知该系统的发明是为了保护人们,使人们避开闪电带来的危险。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的The data... was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm可知,该系统使用了一个独一无二的机器学习算法,这是它的独特之处。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句Scientists working on the project are experimenting with the laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, transferring lightning charge from clouds to the ground.可知,科学家们想利用激光技术将闪电中的电荷直接从云层传输到地面,故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一种可以预测闪电的系统,它可以用来保护人们免受闪电的伤害,故选D项。
三、
答案：1-5.BADBC; 6-10.CBDAB; 11-15.CDBAC
解析：1.根据空后的of 3,300 feet straight up以及下一句中的giant rock可知,它是一块巨大的(huge)岩石。故选B项。
2.根据下一句中的That has been my life's passion可知,作者钟爱攀岩,同时第四段开头也提到了作者后来成为一名攀岩向导。根据这些不难推出作者很喜欢攀岩,站在巨大的岩石面前便立刻想攀登上去。故选A项。
3.见上一题解析,climb意为“攀登”,符合语境。故选D项。
4.根据第二段中的such a beautiful home-like place可知,那时作者就把约塞米蒂国家公园当作他/她的家了。故选B项。
5.根据空后的like beer cans, empty boxes和下文中的I tried _______ trash myself可知,此处指的是垃圾。故选C项。
6.上文提到游客在如此美丽的地方丢弃大量的垃圾,也就是说游客们开始不尊重这个像家一样美丽的地方。故选C项。
7.根据第五段的picked up提示可知,此处指“我”尽力自己去捡拾垃圾。throw away意为“扔掉”;pick up意为“捡起”;break down意为“出故障”;dig out意为“挖出”。故选B项。
8.根据上文的but the job was too big可知,此处指捡垃圾的工作量很大,作者在清理垃圾时往往要花费一两个小时。故选D项。
9.根据下文Over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash.可知,此处应指“垃圾清理活动”,cleanup意为“清扫,清理”,作名词。故选A项。
10.根据语境可知,有三百多人来参加此次垃圾清理活动。drop out意为“退出”;show up意为“露面;出现”;look around意为“四下看”;call back意为“回电话”。故选B项。
11.根据本句及下文的I couldn't believe the _______ we made—the park looked clean!可知,此处是说作者对他/她和志愿者们取得的成就感到惊奇。故选C项。
12.根据语境可知,作者与志愿者们付出了努力,他们的努力自然对公园的面貌产生了影响。make a difference意为“有影响,起作用”。故选D项。
13.根据后面的rather than complaining可知,作者经常听见人们抱怨(complain)他们的环境。故选B项。
14.根据前文的I would say the only way to change things可知,作者指出要改变不尽如人意的地方,应该通过行动(doing)而不是通过抱怨。故选A项。
15.根据语境可知,此处是说我们需要以身作则。故选C项。
