牛津译林版（2019）必修三 Unit 1 Nature in the balance Period Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading重难点 课件(共26张PPT

(共26张PPT)
Unit 1
Nature in the balance
Period Ⅰ
Welcome to the unit & Reading
02
句子控
模块
导航
01
词汇斩
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．As we all know, eating too much sugar can do harm ________ children’s teeth.
2．It’s said that too much sunshine is ________ (harm) to one’s skin.
3．Her brother is a bit naughty, but he is quite ________ (harm)．
【解析】一、1．to　句意为：众所周知，吃太多糖对孩子们的牙齿有害。do harm to为固定搭配。
2．harmful　设空处在is后作表语，根据语境可知，此处表示“有害的”，故填harmful。be harmful to… 意为“对……有害”。　
3．harmless　句意为：她的弟弟有点淘气，不过他绝不会伤害别人。根据语境可知，设空处应表示“不会造成伤害的”，故填harmless。
词汇斩
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
过量饮酒会对你的健康有害。
①Too much drinking will ________ ________ ________.
②Too much drinking will ________ ________ ________ your health.
③Too much drinking will ________ ________ ________ ________.　
④Too much drinking is ________ ________ your health.
【解析】二、①harm your health
②do harm to
③do your health harm
④harmful to
词汇斩
定向练2
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The students in my class come from a ________ (various) of different backgrounds.
2．It is so convenient to live here because you can choose ________ (vary) ways of getting to different tourist attractions.
3．There are several ________ (variety) of noodles available on the market.
4．There are ________ (vary) kinds of theme parks, with different parks for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history.
5．The company organizes a ________ of events, including performances by a well-known dancer and ________ groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music.(vary)
词汇斩
【解析】1．variety　句意为：我们班的学生来自各种不同的背景。
2．various　句意为：住在这里很方便，因为你可以选择不同的方式去不同的旅游景点。设空处修饰名词ways，应用形容词。
3．varieties　句意为：市场上有各种各样的面条可供购买。varieties of意为“各种各样的”。
4．various　句意为：这里有各种各样的主题公园，不同的主题公园几乎涵盖一切：食物、文化、科学、卡通、电影或历史。various kinds of意为“各种各样的”。
5．variety; various　第一空考查固定搭配a variety of(各种各样的)；第二空修饰名词groups，应用形容词。
词汇斩
定向练3
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The trains provided cheap travel for the ________ (mass)．
2．The capital’s pie-and-mash tradition might be hidden behind ________ (mass) of trendy food stalls and cafés.
3．________ mass of people are in favour of this plan.
4．The page lying on the floor was covered with ________ mass of figures.
词汇斩
【解析】一、1．masses　句意为：火车为大众提供了便宜的出行方式。the masses意为“群众”。
2．masses　句意为：该首都的“派与土豆泥”这一传统可能会隐藏在大量时髦的食品摊位和咖啡馆之后。masses of 与a mass of同义，意为“大量的；许多的”。
3．The/A　句意为：大多数人/许多人赞成这项计划。
4．a　句意为：掉在地板上的那页纸上面满是密密麻麻的数字。a mass of意为“许多的；大量的”。
词汇斩
二、翻译句子。
1．I wonder if they are truly concerned about the interests of the masses.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．The mass of young people are fond of pop music.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
词汇斩
【解析】二、1．我想知道他们是否真的关心民众的利益。
2．大多数年轻人喜欢流行音乐。
定向练4
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．As far as I know, he survived ________ a small bottle of water in the desert.
2．In the traffic accident, the ________(survive) were all badly injured.
3．If cancers are spotted early, there’s a high chance of ________ (survive)．
4．Her parents died in the accident, but she ________ (survive)．
词汇斩
【解析】1．on　句意为：据我所知，他在沙漠中靠一小瓶水活了下来。survive on… 意为“依靠……生存下来”。
2．survivors　句意为：在这次交通事故中，幸存者们都受了重伤。设空处在句中作主语，be动词为were，再由句意可知，此处应填指人的复数名词。
3．survival　句意为：如果癌症在早期发现的话，存活的概率会很大。介词后应跟名词作宾语，根据句意可知，此处应用survival。
4．survived　句意为：她的父母在那次事故中丧生，但她幸存了下来。but连接两个并列分句，由前面的动词died可知，设空处也应用一般过去时，故填survive的过去式survived。
词汇斩
定向练5
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．My husband and I usually take ________ (turn) to cook.
2．The change of the climate makes the Earth warmer.________ turn, the warmth of the Earth changes the climate, too.
3．We looked after the little boy ________ turns.
4．It’s Jim’s turn ________ (host) the class meeting on Friday and he makes a good preparation early.
5．I, ________ my turn, became embarrassed and annoyed and told her to take the money back.
词汇斩
【解析】1．turns　
2．In　
3．by
4．to host　句意为：星期五轮到吉姆主持班会了，他很早就做好了准备。
5．in　句意为：这下轮到我既尴尬又气愤了，我告诉她把钱拿回去。
词汇斩
定向练6
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1．Don’t break ________ when he is telling the story.
2．As is known to us, plastic bags are difficult to break ________.
3．Modern music has broken ________ from 18th-century rules.
4．Last night somebody broke ________ Mr White’s house and took away a lot of things.
5．Scientists say they are beginning to break ________ in the fight against cancer.
6．The two friends had an argument that broke ________their friendship forever.
7．After a fire broke ________ in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.
8．We were discussing our plans, but had to break ________ when the telephone rang.
词汇斩
【解析】1．in　句意为：他讲故事的时候别打断他。
2．down　句意为：众所周知，塑料袋很难分解。
3．away　句意为：现代音乐打破了18世纪的规则。
4．into　句意为：昨晚有人闯进怀特先生的家并拿走了许多东西。
5．through　句意为：科学家们称，他们在抗击癌症方面开始有所突破。
6．up　句意为：这对朋友发生了争执，这场争执永远地结束了他们之间的友谊。
7．out　句意为：实验室发生火灾后，很多设备都被毁了。
8．off　句意为：我们在讨论计划时电话铃响了，我们只好暂停讨论。
词汇斩
定向练7
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The old man shrugged his shoulders and disappeared ________ the night.
2．She was still waving as the train disappeared ________ view.
3．The environmentalists said wild goats’ ________ (appear) on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.
4．It was nearly an hour before Tom ________ (appear) in the restaurant.
【解析】1．into　2．from　3．appearance　4．appeared
词汇斩
定向练8
一、翻译句子。
1．The failure was due to his lack of experience.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．Where the rates of unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【解析】一、1．此次失败是因为他缺乏经验。
2．在失业率和犯罪率都高的地方，人们可能认为后者是由前者造成的。
词汇斩
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1．因为某些原因，我们昨天并未出发。
________ ________ /________ ________ certain reasons, we didn’t start off yesterday.
2．多亏你的帮助，我省了很多麻烦。　
________ ________ your help, much trouble was saved.
【解析】二、1．Owing to/Because of　这两个短语都可以放在句首，都可以作状语。due to不可以放在句首。
2．Thanks to　此短语意为“幸亏，多亏”。
词汇斩
定向练9
根据汉语意思完成句子。
父母的言行举止将会对他们的孩子造成很大的影响。
①What parents say and do will ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ their children.
②What parents say and do will ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ their children.
③What parents say and do will ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ their children.
④What parents say and do will ________ ________ ________ their children.
【解析】①have a great impact on/upon
②have a great effect/influence on
③make a big/great difference to
④impact greatly on/upon
词汇斩
定向练10
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The accident caused some damage ________ my car, but there is nothing serious.
2．Smoking gradually ________ (damage) your health.
3．Several cars ________(damage) in the crash which happened last night.
4．Actually, severe damage ________ (do) to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution (进化)．
词汇斩
【解析】一、1.to　2.damages　3.were damaged　4.done
【解析】二、have done/caused serious/severe damage to
词汇斩
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
油价下跌，镍价急速上涨，这已经对实体经济和金融市场造成严重损失。
Negative oil prices and sharp nickel price rises ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the real economy and financial market.
句子控
定向练1
一、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1．现在我们县的粮食产量是十年前的六倍。(as… as…)
Now the grain output in our county is ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ that of ten years ago.
2．每年所生产的纸袋的重量是世界上生产的车辆的重量的三倍。
Paper bags produced every year are ________ ________ ________ ________ of the world’s production of motor vehicles.
二、同义句转换。
The red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.
①________________________________________________________________________(用比较级改写句子)
②________________________________________________________________________(用long的名词形式改写句子)
【解析】一、1.six times as much as　2.three times the weight
二、①The red ruler is three times longer than the yellow one.
②The red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.
句子控
定向练2
用适当的介词填空。
1．He may win the competition, ________ which case he is likely to get into the national team.
2．With the help of curriculum reform, students enjoy a variety of after-school activities, ________ which up to half are designed to strengthen their physical strength and build up their confidence.
3．I bought a great many books, ________ which I spent all my money that I had saved.
4．The watch ________ which I paid 50 dollars was stolen by a thief.
5．Even if you are not familiar with our city, the road signs can clearly show the direction ________ which you are driving.
【解析】1．in　句意为：他可能会赢得比赛。那样的话，他很有可能进入国家队。
2．of　句意为：在课程改革的帮助下，学生能享受各种各样的课外活动，其中多达一半的活动是为增强他们的体魄和树立他们的信心而设计的。先行词是after-school activities，此处of应与half连用，表示“……中的一半”，所以用介词of。
3．on　此处为“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，根据固定搭配spend sth on sth可知，此处应用on。
4．for　分析句子结构可知，The watch 是先行词，which指代The watch，此处应为paid 50 dollars for the watch，关系词在定语从句中作for的宾语，故填for。
5．in　句意为：即使你对我们的城市不熟悉，路标也可以清楚地显示你开车的方向。先行词是the direction，因为direction与介词in连用，构成短语in the direction，关系代词which指代先行词在从句中作介词in的宾语，所以使用介词in。
句子控
句子控
定向练3
根据汉语提示补全句子。
1．____________________ (随着温度升高), the volume of water becomes greater.
2．It was nine o’clock ____________________ (当我们吃完早饭时) yesterday.
3．____________________ (当她看电视的时候), she fell asleep.
【解析】1．As the temperature rises
2．when we finished breakfast
3．While/When she was watching TV