北师大版 （2019）选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 Relationships Lesson 2 How Do We Like Teachers' Feedback词 句 重难点 课件(共52张P

(共52张PPT)
Unit 1
Relationships
Lesson 2
How Do We Like Teachers' Feedback
必刷词汇
1.feedback n. __________
反馈意见
2.handle vt. ____________________________ n. ______
处理（难题）；应付（局面）
把手
3.raise vt. ____________
提出，提起
4.highlight vt. ________________
标出；突出显示
5.tense n. ______
时态
6.manner n. __________________ ［pl. ］manners ____________
方式，方法；态度
礼貌；礼仪
7.______ adj. 烦恼的，心烦意乱的 vt. 使生气，使心烦意乱 n. 困扰；烦闷；失望；苦恼
upset
8.preference n. ____________联想 _______ vt. 更喜欢
偏爱，偏好
prefer
9._________ adj. 羞愧的;内疚的;惭愧的 联想
①_______ n. 羞愧 ［sing. ］让人遗憾的事 vt. 使惭愧；使丢脸 ②shameful adj.
________________________ ③shameless adj. ____________
ashamed
shame
（行为）可耻的；丢脸的
不知羞耻的
10._________ n. 意图,目的;打算 联想 _______ vt. 打算；计划
intention
intend
11.demanding adj. ____________________联想 demand vt.________________
要求严格的；费力的
强烈要求；需要
12.effective adj. ________联想 effect n. __________________
有效的
效应；影响；结果
13._________ adj. 敏感的；善解人意的 联想 ______ n. 感觉；感官；理解力；意义 vt. 感觉到；意识到
sensitive
sense
核心词汇
to depend on personal preference 取决于个人喜好 教材P12
1 preference n.偏爱，偏好
Many elderly people expressed a strong preference to live in their own homes. 许多老年人强烈表示喜欢住在自己的家里。［《朗文当代》］
&1& have a preference for… 对……有偏爱
express a preference for… 表示对……的偏爱
in preference to 而不是
Parents should not express a preference for any one of their children. 父母不应流露出对任何一个孩子的偏心。
She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano. 她选择学小提琴而不是钢琴。
&2& prefer vt. （preferred, preferred, preferring） 宁愿（选择）；更喜欢
prefer doing/to do sth 更喜欢做某事
prefer sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
prefer （doing） A to （doing） B喜欢（做）A胜过（做）B；与（做）B相比更喜欢（做）A
prefer+that从句（从句中常用虚拟语气，谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略）希望……
I prefer to wear clothes made of natural fibers. 我更喜欢穿天然织物做的衣服。［《朗文当代》］
Jenny prefers riding to shooting. 与射击相比，珍妮更喜欢骑马。
Tom preferred that we （should） start out right away. 汤姆希望我们立即出发。
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I'd choose the smaller car ___ preference to the larger one.
in
[解析] 句意为：我会选择那辆较小的汽车而不是那辆较大的。in preference to意为“而不是”。
2.I prefer you _______ （call） me up tomorrow at 6:30 am.
to call
[解析] 句意为：我希望你明天早上6：30打电话给我。prefer sb to do sth意为“希望某人做某事”。
3.Many people expressed a strong _________（prefer） for the plan.
preference
4.Many students _________ （prefer） being able to sit with their friends, while others were more
concerned with either attracting or avoiding the lecturer's attention.
preferred
[解析] 分析句子结构可知，设空处应填第一个并列分句的谓语动词。且根据后面的were可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。
5.He prefers romantic fiction ___ serious novels.
to
[解析] 句意为：与严肃的小说相比, 他更喜欢言情的小说。prefer… to… 意为“与……相比更喜欢……”。
[解析] 句意为：许多人都强烈表示喜欢这项计划。express a preference for… 意为“表示对……的偏爱”。
6.George preferred that his son __________________ （engaged） in family events.
（should） engage
[解析] 句意为：乔治希望他的儿子能参与家庭活动。prefer后接宾语从句时，从句谓语常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。engage in… 意为“参与……”。
shouldn't get upset 不该感到烦恼 教材P12
2 upset
①adj. 烦恼的，心烦意乱的；沮丧的；难过的
Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. 有时，当孩子们感到紧张和烦恼时，他们会将这种情绪发泄在自己身上。
&3& be/feel upset+that从句 对……感到沮丧/烦恼
be/feel/get upset about/at/by sth 对某事感到沮丧/烦恼
be upset with sb 对某人生气
She's most upset that you can't come. 你不能来，她很不高兴。
There's no point in getting upset about it. 为此事难过没有意义。
She was upset with me about my carelessness. 她因为我的粗心而对我生气。
②vt. （upset, upset, upsetting） 使生气，使心烦意乱；打乱，搅乱
Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她的到访把我们周末的安排给打乱了。
&4& upset oneself about sth 使自己为某事而烦恼
It upsets sb to do sth/that… 做某事使某人心烦/让某人不高兴的是……
Don't upset yourself about these trifles. 不要为这些琐事而烦恼。
It upsets me to think of her all alone in a strange city. 想到她孤身一人在一座陌生的城市，我就感到不舒服。
It upsets me that I fell behind other students this term. 这学期我落后于其他同学，这让我心烦。
&5& upset作及物动词时还可以表示“打翻；弄翻（某物）（尤指无意地）”。
&6& upsetting adj. 令人不快的；令人苦恼的
It was a very upsetting experience. 这是一次令人极为不快的经历。
定向练2
一、根据汉语提示，用upset的相关短语或结构补全句子。
1.You don't need to ____ ___ __（为……感到烦恼） the dinner jacket—there's only a small stain on it and it's easy to deal with.
[答案] be/feel/get upset about/at/by或upset yourself about
[解析] 句意为：你不必为晚礼服的事感到烦恼，上面只有一个小污点，很容易处理。
2.I'm sorry that I hurt her feelings, but she ______ ____ ______ （让我难过） first.
made
me
upset
[解析] 此处用 “make+宾语+宾补”结构，应用形容词upset作宾补。
3.Don't ______ yourself ______ （为……烦恼） it—no harm was done.
upset
about
[解析] 句意为：你不要为那件事烦恼——没有造成伤害。
二、翻译句子。
1.你没有回信，他很难过。（be upset that）
________________________________________________
He was very upset that you didn't reply to his letter.
2.我们对这个令人烦恼的消息感到心烦。
_________________________________________________________________________________________
We were/felt/got upset about/at/by the upsetting news. /We upset ourselves about the upsetting news.
3.人类活动极大地扰乱了自然环境的平衡。
______________________________________________________________
Human activity greatly upsets the balance of the natural environment.
3 ashamed adj.羞愧的；内疚的；惭愧的
&7& be/feel ashamed of （doing） sth 因（做）某事感到羞愧/难为情
be/feel ashamed of oneself 为自己感到惭愧
be/feel ashamed to do sth 因羞愧而不情愿做某事
Ashamed of his monstrous form, the Beast concealed himself inside his castle, with a magic mirror as his only window to the outside world. 野兽因外貌丑陋而自惭形秽，将自己藏在城堡里，用一面魔镜作为他了解外界的唯一窗口。［《美女与野兽》］
You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies. 你扯这种谎应该感到羞耻。［《牛津高阶》］
I was ashamed to tell her that I had failed. 我不好意思告诉她我没及格。
to feel hurt/ashamed/discouraged感到受伤/羞愧/气馁 教材P12
&8& ①shame n. 惭愧；羞耻；让人遗憾的事 vt. 使蒙羞;使惭愧
It is a shame （that）…/What a shame （that）… 真遗憾/多可惜……
That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much use for it. 那是我唯一掌握的法语短语，但很遗憾，我并不怎么用到它。［2021全国新高考Ⅰ］
②shameful adj. （行为）可耻的
shameful behaviour/conduct可耻的行为
&9& ashamed和shameful的用法区别
ashamed指人感到羞耻、惭愧、不好意思;shameful指事情或行为本身可耻、不道德。
I feel ashamed of my shameful behaviour； I apologise to you. 我为自己可耻的行为感到惭愧，我向你道歉。
定向练3
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He was _________ （shame） of cheating in the exam, and determined never to do that again.
ashamed
[解析] 句意为：他因考试作弊感到很羞愧，决心再也不会那样做了。
2.It's a _______ （ashamed） that you live at such a distance; otherwise we could see each other often.
shame
[解析] 句意为：真遗憾你住那么远，否则我们就可以常见面了。
3.What ___ shame! She failed this round.
a
[解析] What a shame!意为“真遗憾！”。
4.Do not feel ashamed ___ missing my wedding.
of
5.To our surprise， the cheat wasn't _________ of his _________ conduct at all. （shame）
ashamed
shameful
6.I'm ashamed _______ （tell） you that I lied to her.
to tell
But I do understand my teacher's intention. 但我确实明白我的老师的意图。 教材P106
4 intention n.意图，目的；打算
Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 使用表情符号可以在保持意图明确的同时，增添幽默和情绪。［2020课标全国Ⅱ］
Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation. 我理解了妈妈的好意，感激地吃了她提供的所有食物。［2020课标全国Ⅲ·改编］
&10& have no/every intention of doing sth 没打算/一心想做某事
with the intention of doing sth打算做某事
I have no intention of retiring just yet. 我现在还没打算退休。［《朗文当代》］
We have every intention of fulfilling that agreement by the end of 2025. 我们决心到2025年底前履行那项协议。
&11& ①intend vt. 打算，计划，想要
intend to do sth打算做某事
intend sb/sth to do… 想要某人/某物做……
②intended adj. 打算的；为……打算/设计的
be intended for sb/sth是为某人/某物而提供/设计的
be intended to do sth是为做某事而设计的
定向练4
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He left England with the _________ （intend） of travelling to Africa.
intention
2.I had every intention of ________（phone） her this morning, but I just didn't get a chance.
phoning
[解析] have every intention of doing sth意为“一心想做某事”。
3.But OSHbot, unlike other social robots, is not intended __________ （replace） workers, but to work
alongside other employees.
to replace
4.Physician's Manual is most likely intended ____ doctors.
for
Although it is very demanding for my teacher, it is more effective than other types of feedback. 虽然这对我的老师要求很高，但它比其他类型的反馈更有效。教材P106
5 demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的
释义·理解
demanding
adj
needing a lot of ability, effort, or skill 要求最高的顾客。
Get the technology that has been proven to help the most demanding customers. 获得这项已经过验证的技术来帮助
&12& demand
①n. 要求；需求
a demand for… 对……的要求
satisfy/meet one's demands 满足某人的要求
suit one's demands 符合某人的需求
in （great） demand 需求（很）大；（很）受欢迎
Well before the arrival of freezers, there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering. 在冰柜出现之前，食物保存和餐宴承办都需要冰。
The firm attempts to satisfy/meet its customers' demands. 这家商行尽力满足顾客的需求。
Her books are in great demand at the moment. 她的书目前非常畅销。
②vt. 强烈要求；需要
demand to do sth 要求做某事
demand that… 要求……（从句谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式， should可以省略）
This sport demands both speed and strength. 这项运动既需要速度也需要体力。［《牛津高阶》］
She demands to know what was happening. 她要求知道正在发生什么事情。
The UN has demanded that all troops be withdrawn. 联合国已要求撤出所有部队。
定向练5
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.She burst into the manager's office and demanded _________ （speak） to him.
to speak
[解析] demand to do sth为固定用法，意为“要求做某事”。burst into意为“闯入”。
2.The workers demanded that their salaries ____________________ （raise）.
（should） be raised
[解析] demand意为“要求”时，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。their salaries与raise之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
3.She demanded __________ （tell） everything about it.
to be told
[解析] demand to do sth为固定用法，She与tell之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此用不定式的被动式。
4.There have been demands ____ the prime minister to resign.
for
[解析] 句意为：已有许多人要求首相辞职。demands for… 为固定短语，意为“对……的需求”，故填for。
二、翻译句子。
1.乡村地区对有教学资历的教师的需求很大。（in demand）
________________________________________________
Qualified teachers are in great demand in rural areas.
2.恐怕这种产品的供应量无法满足顾客的需求。（meet one's demands）
____________________________________________________________________
I'm afraid that the supply of this product can't meet the customers' demands.
6 effective adj.有效的；产生预期效果的
One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust. 减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是和你信任的人谈谈你的感受。
&13& ①effectively adv. 有效地
The tablets will work more effectively if you take a hot drink after them. 如果你服用这些药片后再喝杯热饮，药效会更好。
②effect n. 效果；作用；影响
have an effect on… 对……有影响
cause and effect 因果（关系）
side effect （药物的）副作用；意外后果（常用复数）
come into effect/take effect 生效；开始实施
The advertising campaigns didn't have much effect on sales. 这些广告宣传活动对销量没起到多大作用。
The rise of a nation does not happen by chance； you can't ignore the rules of cause and effect. 一个国家的崛起不是偶然发生的；你不能无视因果定律。
New controls come into effect next month. 下月开始实施新的管制措施。［《牛津高阶》］
The new salary increase will take effect from January onwards. 新的加薪（标准）将从1月份起生效。
定向练6
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.We are convinced that laughter has a positive effect ____ our physical and mental health.
on
[解析] 句意为：我们坚信笑对我们的身心健康有积极的影响。
2.Both of the approaches are _________ （effect） and it's really a matter of personal preference as to
which one to choose．
effective
[解析] 句意为：这两种方法都有效，至于选择哪一种实际上是个人偏好问题。
3.This treatment, which was started by the medical community （医学界） as a method of fighting heart
disease, has had some unintended side _______ （effect）.
effects
[解析] side effect意为“副作用”，根据前面的some可知应用复数形式。
4.I can't balance my work and home duties __________ （effective）.
effectively
[解析] 句意为：我无法有效地平衡工作和家务。此处修饰动词balance，应用副词。
二、翻译句子。
1.父母的行为对成长中的孩子有深远的影响。（have an effect on）
____________________________________________________________
Parents' behaviour has a profound effect on their growing children.
2.新的交通法要到年底才生效。 （take effect/come into effect）
________________________________________________________________________
The new traffic laws won't take effect/come into effect until the end of the year.
It also gives us an opportunity to raise further questions about anything we don't understand. 这也让我们有机会对我们不理解的事情进一步提问。教材P106
7 raise vt.提出，提起；举起；使升高；增加；筹集；改善；引起；抚养 n.［C］加薪
He knew he had to sell something to raise some money. 他知道自己必须变卖些东西来筹些钱。
When drinking someone's health, you should raise your glasses. 当为某人的健康干杯时,你们要举杯祝酒。
释义·理解
raise vt
①mention sth to discuss;
②move sth to a higher position;
③increase;
④collect money;
⑤improve;
⑥cause or produce sth;
⑦look after a child or a young animal
&14& raise money/funds
筹钱/筹集资金
raise one's hand 举手
raise one's voice 提高嗓门
raise salaries 提高薪水
raise a question 提出问题
raise hopes/awareness/consciousness唤起希望/增强意识/提高觉悟
We raised money to help the homeless. 我们筹了钱来帮助无家可归的人。
She raised her voice in order to be heard. 她提高了嗓门以使别人听到。
I had intended to raise a question to the chairman but in a moment I lost my nerve. 我本想向主席提一个问题,但很快我失去了勇气。
&15& raise, rise与arise的用法区别
易混词 含义
raise 及物动词，表示“提起；举起”，还可以用于表示“提高（标准、工资、物价等）”；作名词
时，表示“加薪”。
rise 不及物动词，表示“升高；站起来”，侧重强调由低到高的变化过程；也可指“物价上涨”。
还可以作名词，意为“（数字、数量、价值的）增加；兴起，崛起”。
arise 不及物动词，过去式为arose,过去分词为arisen，表示“出现；发生”。
When they raised the price, a new problem arose. Many workers demanded a rise in salary. 当他们提高价格时，一个新的问题出现了，许多工人要求涨薪。
定向练7
一、选择合适的单词并用其正确形式填空。
1.On Monday morning, we gathered to watch the children ______ （raise/rise） the national flag, and we
saw it __________ （raise/rise） slowly in the wind.
raise
rising/rise
[解析] 句意为：周一早晨我们聚在一起观看孩子们升国旗；我们看着国旗在风中缓缓升起。raise为及物动词,表示“使升高”；rise为不及物动词，表示“升起”，此处既可理解为“看到国旗正在升起”，也可理解为“看到国旗升起的全过程”。
2.Her popular book Silent Spring ____________ （raise/rise） awareness of the danger of pollution and
the harmful effects of chemicals on humans.
raised/raises
[解析] raise awareness意为“增强意识”。
3._______ （raise/rise） by his grandfather in the countryside, he didn't receive much formal education.
Raised
[解析] raise意为“抚养”,此处考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。
4.Cinemas have gradually given way to the_____ （raise/rise） of the Internet and cellphones.
rise
[解析] rise在此处作名词，意为“兴起；崛起”。
二、用raise，rise或arise的正确形式填空。
1.______ your hand if you know the right answer.
Raise
[解析] 考查固定搭配raise one's hand，意为“举手”。
2.Stan's dad died, leaving his mother ______________ three sons alone.
to raise/raising
[解析] 考查leave sb to do/doing sth结构，raise意为“抚养；养育”。
3.He _____ to greet me.
rose
[解析] rise意为“站起来”。
4.The total _____ in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.
rise
[解析] rise作名词，意为“（数字、数量、价值的）增加”。
5.I'm afraid a problem will ______when we use a new type of fuel.
arise
[解析] arise意为“出现；发生”。
… we should do it in a less direct manner… ……我们应该用一种不那么直接的方式做这件事……教材P107
8 manner n.
① ［sing. ］方式；方法
&16& in a… manner以……方式
a manner of （doing） sth （做）某事的方法/方式
If you have written the wrong name in an email, it is best to apologise in a serious manner. 如果你在邮件里写错了名字，最好严肃地道歉。
She smiled again in a friendly manner. 她又友好地微笑了一下。
② ［sing. ］态度；举止
I don't like his manner; it's very rude. 我不喜欢他的举止，太粗鲁了。
③ manners ［pl. ］礼貌；礼仪
&17& have good/bad manners 有礼貌/没礼貌
It's good/bad manners to do sth. 做某事是有礼貌/没礼貌的。
It's bad manners to stare at people. 盯着人看是不礼貌的。
特别注意表示“礼貌；礼仪”时，要用复数形式manners。manners作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但manners不能用 many或 （a） few来修饰，可以用 much或 （a） little 等修饰。
Where are your manners 你的礼貌呢
He does not have much manners. 他不怎么讲礼貌。
④ manners ［pl. ］习俗；风俗
This is a book about the life and manners of Victorian London. 这本书是关于维多利亚时期伦敦的生活和习俗的。
定向练8
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.When we were young, we were taught by our parents to observe the table _________ （manner） both
at home and in public.
manners
[解析] 句意为：我们小的时候，父母就教育我们在家和在公共场合都要遵守餐桌礼仪。此处意为“礼貌；礼仪”，应用复数形式。
2.I can't have you speak to your mother ___ a rude manner. You must apologise to her immediately.
in
[解析] 句意为：我不允许你用粗鲁的方式对你母亲说话。你必须马上向她道歉。考查固定搭配in a… manner，意为“以……方式”。
3.It is good manners _________ （bring） along a small gift or some flowers when you are invited to
dinner by a foreign friend.
to bring
[解析] 句意为：如果你被外国友人邀请去吃晚饭，带上一份小礼物或者一些鲜花是有礼貌的（表现）。考查It's good manners to do sth. ，意为“做某事是有礼貌的”。
4.I was impressed by his straightforward manner ___ speaking.
of
[解析] 句意为：我对他直截了当的说话方式感到印象深刻。考查a manner of doing sth，意为“做某事的方式”。
1
【句意】我真希望她能不那么直接并且多一些鼓励。教材P106
&18& wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气表示一种未能实现或不太可能实现的愿望。其形式如下:
类型 从句谓语动词形式
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词
与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词用were）
与将来事实相反 would/could/should/might+动词原形
I wish I were an astronaut travelling in space in Shenzhou X. 我希望我是一名航天员，乘坐“神舟十号”漫游太空。
I wish she had survived the plane crash. 我希望她从那场空难中幸存了下来。
I wish you could give me a hand at such a busy moment. 我现在忙得不可开交，希望你能帮我一下。
I wish I had seen her last night. 要是我昨天晚上见到她了该多好。
定向练1
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.What a sunny day! How I wish I ______（be） on the beach enjoying the sunshine now!
were
2.I wish I _________ （be） at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New
York then.
had been
3.There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I ________________（have） a second chance to
become more involved in the future.
would/could have
4.David didn't attend his daughter's graduation ceremony, but he does wish he _________ （be） there.
had been
2
【句意】这也让我们有机会对我们不理解的事情进一步提问。教材P106
&19& 动词不定式（短语）作后置定语
①当被修饰词前有the only、 the next、 the last、序数词或形容词最高级时，常用不定式（短语）作后置定语。
I am always the last one to leave the company after work. 下班后，我总是最后一个离开公司的人。
I think he is the best man to do the job. 我认为他是最适合做这份工作的人。
②被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式（短语）作后置定语。 常见的该类名词有ability、 chance、 effort、 plan、 wish、 excuse、 promise、 attempt、 way等。
The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同样重要。
③在there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接不定式（短语）作后置定语。
There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。
④表示即将发生的动作时，常用动词不定式（短语）作后置定语。
I am extremely delighted to write to tell you something about the competition to be held next month. 我非常高兴地写信告诉你下个月即将举办的比赛的相关事宜。
特别注意 不定式、现在分词与过去分词作后置定语的区别
①不定式作后置定语，通常表示动作还没发生。
The problem to be solved tomorrow has something to do with everyone here. 明天要解决的问题和这里的每个人都有关。
②现在分词作后置定语，通常表示动作正在进行。
The issue being discussed now at the meeting is about air pollution. 会议上现在正在讨论的问题是关于空气污染的。
③过去分词作后置定语，通常表示被动或动作已完成或既表示被动又表示动作已完成。
The problem solved yesterday is actually very hard for common people. 昨天解决的问题对普通人来说其实很难。
定向练2
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.[课标全国 Ⅱ·改编] Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no
plans _________ （retire） from her 36-year-old business.
to retire
[解析] 抽象名词plan后常用不定式作后置定语，故填to retire。
2.I am particularly into basketball because it presents an effective way _____________ （strengthen） my
body and mind.
to strengthen
[解析] a way to do sth意为“做某事的方式”，此处为不定式短语作后置定语。
3.Meyer and his team members were the first people _________ （show） how the disease spreads from
animals to humans.
to show
[解析] people前有序数词the first修饰，其后应用不定式作后置定语。
4.Volunteering gives you a chance __________ （change） lives， including your own.
to change
[解析] 抽象名词chance后常用不定式作后置定语。
5.There is always a lot of work ________________ （do） on weekdays.
to do/to be done
[解析] 本句为there be句型，作主语的名词后接不定式作后置定语。
6.His second book _______________ （publish） next month is believed to be a hit.
to be published
[解析] 设空处作后置定语修饰book，根据next month可知，动作还未发生，且book与publish之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式作后置定语。
7.The project ____ （set） up in 1989 resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass.
set
[解析] up in 1989作后置定语，修饰The project, set up与project之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。
8.The building ______________ （repair） now is our school library, one _____ （build） in 1980.
being repaired
built
[解析] 第一空为非谓语动词作后置定语，根据now可知，此处表示正在进行的动作，故用现在分词，且repair与building之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用被动形式；第二空为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰one，one代指our school library，与build之间为逻辑上的被动关系，根据in 1980可知，此处表示动作已完成，故用过去分词。