北师大版 (2019)选择性必修第一册 Unit 1Relationships Writing Workshop An Invitation Letter—Reading Club 2 词 句 重难点

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Unit 1
Relationships
Writing Workshop
An Invitation Letter—Reading Club 2
必刷词汇
1.topic n. ____________
话题，题目
2.politics n. ________________
政治，政治活动
3._________ n. 原则；行为准则 易混 _________ n. 校长 adj. 首要的；主要的
principle
principal
4._________ n. 邀请 联想 ______ vt. 邀请
invitation
invite
5.________ vt. 组织，筹划 派 ①____________ n. 组织②_________ n. 组织者；安排者
organise
organisation
organiser
6.innovation n. ____________ 联想 _________ vi. & vt. 革新，创新
革新，创新
innovate
7.__________ n. 选手，参赛者 联想 ①_________ vi. 参加比赛；竞争②___________ n. 比赛；竞争
competitor
compete
competition
8.clarity n. ____________ 联想 _______ vt. 使清楚；澄清
清楚，清晰
clarify
9.fluency n. ____________ 联想 ①fluent adj. ________________②fluently adv. ________
流畅，熟练
流利的；熟练的
流利地
10.progression n. ________________________ 联想 progress v. & n. ____________
发展，变化；前进；进程
进步；进展
11.engagement n. ______ 联想 _______ v. 吸引住；与……建立密切关系；聘用
参与
engage
12.sincerely adv. ________________联想 sincere adj. ________
真诚地，由衷地
真诚的
13._________ n. 赞许；同意 反义 ___________n. 不赞成；反对 联想 ________ vt. 批准；认可 vi. 赞成；
同意 搭配 ________ ___ 赞同；同意
approval
disapproval
approve
approve
of
14.____________ adj. 不积极的，不主动的 反义 __________ adj. 积极的；主动的 联想 ①_________ vt.
激励；成为……的动机②__________ n. 动力，积极性
unmotivated
motivated
motivate
motivation
15.behalf n. __________搭配 on behalf of sb __________
代表……
代表某人
16._______ vi. 应在（某处）；适应 搭配_______ ___ 是……的成员；属于 联想 __________ n. 归属，
附属；（pl. ）所有物；财产，财物
belong
belong
to
belonging
17._______ vi. & vt. 保护，保卫 搭配 _______ ____ ____________ ____ 保护某物抵抗某物 联想 ①
________ n. 防御；保卫 ②_________ adj. 防御性的
defend
defend
sth
against/from
sth
defence
defensive
18.________ n. 差异，差别 vt. 形成对比 搭配 ___ ________ _______ 和……对比
contrast
in
contrast
to/with
19._____ ____ 占据
take
up
核心词汇
Competitorsshould be judged on their pronunciation, clarity and fluency, and also progression of ideas and audience engagement. 应该根据参赛者的发音、清晰度和流利程度，以及思想的发展变化和观众的参与度来评判他们。
教材P18
1 competitor n.选手，参赛者
The first prize was awarded to the youngest competitor一等奖被颁发给了最年轻的参赛者。
&1& ①compete vi. 竞争；参加比赛
compete with/against… 与……竞争
compete for sth 争夺某物
compete in… 在……方面竞争
Small shops cannot compete in prices with the big ones. 小店无法在价格上跟大公司竞争。
Runners from many countries are competing for the international prize. 来自许多国家的赛跑运动员正在竞争这一国际奖项。
②competition n. 竞争；比赛
in competition with… 与……竞争
③competitive adj. 竞争的；有竞争力的
定向练1
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.来自世界各地的一万多名参赛选手来到北京，为获得奖牌在竞争激烈的比赛中相互竞争。
More than 10,000 ___________ from the world came to Beijing to _________ with each other in the
intensely ___________ games for medals.
competitors
compete
competitive
2.尽管他们是好朋友，但是他们在学习方面互相竞争。
Though they are good friends, they _________ ____________ each other in study.
compete
with/against
3.几家公司正在竞争那份合同。
Several companies are __________ ____ the contract.
competing
for
2 progression n.发展，变化；前进；进程
Drugs can slow down the progression of the disease. 药物能减缓病情的发展。
a gradual process of change or development
释义·理解
progression n
&2& progress
①n. ［U］进步；进展
make progress 取得进步
in progress 在进行中
Tom is making progress in English little by little. 汤姆在英语方面逐渐取得进步。
The movement has been in progress for several years. 那场运动已经进行了好几年了。
特别注意progress 是不可数名词，无复数形式，也没有抽象名词具体化的用法，所以它前面不可加不定冠词。有类似用法的不可数名词还有advice、 fun、 information、 furniture、 equipment、 luggage/baggage（行李）等。
②vi. 进步；进展；行进；（时间）逐渐过去；（活动）继续
You should progress quickly enough to adapt to the new environment. 你应该取得足够快的进步以适应新的环境。
My impressions changed radically as the trip progressed. 随着旅行的继续, 我的印象发生了翻天覆地的变化。
定向练2
根据汉语提示，用含progress的短语补全句子。
1.The search for the missing child is still ___________ （在进行）.
in progress
[解析] 考查常用搭配in progress，意为“在进行中”。句意为：对那名失踪儿童的搜寻工作仍在进行中。
2.The football match is ___________ （在进行）, so the result is not available now.
in progress
[解析] 考查常用搭配in progress，意为“在进行中”。
3.Firefighters say they ________________________ （已经取得快速的进展） towards putting out the big
fire.
have made rapid progress
[解析] 考查常用搭配make rapid progress，意为“取得快速的进展”。
4._____________________ （没有取得进展） in the trade talk as neither side would accept the
conditions of the other.
No progress was made
[解析] 考查常用搭配make progress（取得进展）的被动形式。
5.If you work hard, ___________________________ （你将取得很大进步）.
you will make great progress
3 engagement n.参与；约定；订婚
Their engagement was announced in the local paper. 他们订婚的消息已在当地报纸上公布。
&3& ①engage v. 参加；吸引；雇用
engage in… 参加/从事……
engage sb in sth 使某人从事/参加某种活动
Evidence indicates that music activities engage different parts of the brain. 有证据表明音乐活动能调动大脑的各个部分。
It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye. 这是一部令人赏心悦目的影片。
Only 10% of American adults engage in regular exercise. 只有10%的美国成年人经常锻炼。
She tried desperately to engage him in conversation. 她用尽办法要跟他谈话。
②engaged adj. 忙于；从事于；已订婚的
be engaged in sth 忙于某事
be engaged to sb 跟某人订婚
I'm engaged to Peter. 我与彼得订了婚。
They are engaged in talks with the government. 他们正忙着与政府谈判。
定向练3
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Farmers are encouraged to engage ___ activities related to their work and life.
in
[解析] 句意为：农民们被鼓励参与到跟他们的工作和生活相关的活动中来。
2.Parents should also try to engage their kids ___ creative activities, like drawing.
in
[解析] 句意为：父母也应该努力让他们的孩子参与创造性的活动，比如绘画。
3.Our findings show young babies' social ___________ （engage） contributes to their own language
learning.
engagement
[解析] 此处被名词所有格young babies'和形容词social修饰，且在show后的宾语从句中作主语，应用名词。
4.I was totally ________ （engage） in my studies and seldom paid attention to my mother's feelings.
engaged
[解析] 句意为：我完全忙于自己的学业，很少关注我妈妈的感受。
5.She said _________ （engage） in social activities had been helpful for her life in Britain, which was
an unfamiliar country for her.
engaging
[解析] 句意为：她说，英国对她而言是一个陌生的国家，参与社交活动对她在英国的生活很有帮助。此处在宾语从句中作主语，表示“参与……”，应用动名词形式。
We would not take up too much of your time. 我们不会占用你太多时间。
教材P18
4 take up
①占用（时间）；占据（空间）
The table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。
② 对某事产生兴趣；开始从事
He took painting up for a while, but soon lost interest. 他有段时间喜欢上了绘画，但很快就失去了兴趣。
The former sprinter says he wants to inspire others to take up winter sports. 这位前短跑运动员说他想鼓励别人参加冬季运动。
&4& 含有take的其他常用短语
①take back 收回（说过的话）；退回（从商店里购买的货物）
Can I take back this pair of shoes 我可以退掉这双鞋吗？
②take down 拿下；取下；记录；写下
Can I just take some details down 我记录一些细节，好吗？
③take in 收留；吸收；理解；领会；欺骗
Don't be taken in by products claiming to help you lose weight in a week. 不要相信那些声称能让你在一周内就减肥的产品。［《朗文当代》］
④take off 脱下（衣服）；摘掉；（飞机等）起飞；突然大受欢迎；休假；休息
We are taking off now. Please fasten your safety belt. 我们马上就要起飞了。请系好您的安全带。
The new magazine has really taken off. 这份新杂志真是大受欢迎。
定向练4
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.You need a break. Why not take a fortnight ____ from work
off
2.Peter will take ____ his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.
up
3.Don't be taken ___ by his story; he is a liar.
in
4.It was several minutes before I could take ___ what he was saying.
in
5.A good deal of time is taken ____ with driving the children to piano classes.
up
We all want to be part of a group and feel like we belong to our community. 我们都想融入一个团体并且获得归属感。
教材P21
5 belong vi.应在（某处）；适应
That chair belongs in the other room. 那把椅子应该摆在另一个房间里。
&5& belong to sb归某人所有；属于某人
belong to sth是（俱乐部、组织等）的成员；是（某事物）的一部分
I used to belong to a youth club. 我曾是一个青年俱乐部的成员。
特别注意belong to 意为“属于”，无被动语态，也不用于进行时。
&6& ①belonging n. ［U］归属
a sense of belonging 归属感
②belongings n. ［pl. ］财产；财物
The tourists lost all their belongings in the hotel fire. 因旅馆失火，游客们财物尽失。
定向练5
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.As parents, we have responsibility to give our children a sense of __________ （belong）.
belonging
[解析] 句意为：作为父母，我们有责任给予我们的孩子归属感。
2.Both lions and tigers belong ___ the cat family.
to
[解析] 句意为：狮子和老虎都属于猫科。
3.She lost all her ___________ （belong） in the earthquake.
belongings
[解析] 句意为：在地震中，她失去了自己所有的财物。
4.They discovered a new plant __________ （belong） to the endangered species.
A few short centuries ago, huge territories were the domain of marine animals. The ocean belonged to
them. 几个世纪以前，大片地区都是海洋生物的领地。海洋属于他们。——《海洋》
belonging
[解析] 句意为：他们发现了一株属于濒危物种的新植物。
People who are low in confidence and unsure of themselves may be more likely to seek their peers' approval by going along with risky suggestions or choosing the “wrong” path. 信心不足和缺乏自信的人更有可能通过赞同有风险的建议或选择“错误”的途径来寻求同伴的认可。
教材P21
6 approval n.赞许；同意
&7& in approval赞成地
meet with one's approval 得到某人的赞同
give （one's） approval to批准;赞成
with/without one's approval=with/without the approval of sb经/未经某人同意
We believe that our quality will meet with your approval. 我们相信我们的质量能得到你的认可。
You are not allowed to leave without my approval. 未经我同意,你不准离开。
释义·理解approve
①to think that someone or something is good, right, or suitable;②to officially accept a plan, proposal etc&8&
disapproval n. 不赞成;反对
&9& ①approve vi. 赞成；同意 vt. 批准；通过
approve of sth/sb/sb's doing sth 同意某事/某人/某人做某事
I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please don't ignore your studies. 我赞成你去尝试挣一些钱,但请不要忽略你的学业。
②disapprove vt. & vi. 不赞成;不同意
③approving adj. 赞成的;赞许的
定向练6
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Does the plan meet with your _________ （approve）
approval
[解析] 句意为：你同意这个计划吗 形容词性物主代词your后面应用名词，故填approve的名词形式approval。
2.She received many __________ （approve） glances.
approving
[解析] 句意为：她赢得了很多赞许的目光。设空处修饰名词glances，意为“赞成的；赞许的”，应用形容词approving作定语。
3.She wants to be an actress, but her parents ___________ （approve）.
disapprove
[解析] 句意为：她想当一名演员，可是她父母不同意。结合表示转折的连词but可知，此处应填approve的反义词disapprove, 意为“不同意;不赞成”。
4.Do you approve ___ my idea
of
[解析] 句意为：你同意我的想法吗 approve of sth为固定搭配，意为“同意某事”。
Bullies pick easy targets—people who are outside the peer group and whom the group is unlikely to defend. 霸凌者选择容易攻击的目标——同龄群体外的人以及该群体不太可能保护的人。
教材P21
7 defend vi.&vt.保护，保卫 vt.辩解
释义·理解
defend
①to protect sb/sth from attack;
②to say or write sth in support of sb/sth that has been criticised
It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland. 重建和保卫家园是我们的职责。
You must have the courage to defendyour ideas in front of your classmates. 你得有勇气在同学们面前为你的观点辩护。
&10& defend oneself （from/against sb/sth） 自卫；自我辩护
defend… against/from… 保护……免受……
defend against防御
All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks. 我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。［《牛津高阶》］
The wall was built to . .defendthe road frombeing washed away by the sea. 修建这堵墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。
The country cannot defend against a nuclear attack. 这个国家无法防御核武器的袭击。
&11& ①defence （〈美〉defense） n. 防御；保卫；辩护
in defence of… 为保卫/捍卫/保护……；为……辩护
There were many soldiers who died in defence oftheir country. 有许多为保卫祖国而牺牲的战士。
②defensive adj. 防御的；保护的；保卫的
定向练7
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.White blood cells help defend the body ____________ infection.
against/from
2.The man was to make a reply ___ defence of his friend when he entered the room again.
in
二、翻译句子。
1.不论代价会是什么，我们都要抵御敌人，保卫我们的城市。（defend… against…; cost）
_______________________________________________________________
We shall defend our city against the enemy whatever the cost may be.
2.我愿意为自己的想法进行辩护。 （prepared; defend）
________________________________
I am prepared to defend my ideas.
In contrast to extroverts, they value fewer, but deeper experiences. 与外向者相比，他们看重更少但更深层的体验。
教材P23
8 contrast
① n. 差异，差别；对比；对照
&12& by/in contrast （to/with…） （与……）相比；相比之下
in sharp/marked contrast to 与……形成鲜明对比；与……截然不同
The coastal areas have mild winters. By/In contrast, the central plains are extremely cold. 沿海地区的冬天温暖舒适，相比之下，中部平原极其寒冷。
His current friendly manner is in sharp contrast to his usual behaviour. 他现在友好的态度与他平时的行为形成了鲜明的对比。
② vt. 对比；对照 vi. 形成对比
&13& contrast… with/and… 把……与……作对比
contrast sharply/strikingly with… 与……形成鲜明对比；与……形成显著对比
In her speech she contrasted the team's optimistic promises with its dismal achievements. 她在讲话中把团队乐观的许诺与其糟糕的成绩作了对比。
定向练8
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.His actions contrasted sharply _____ his promises.
with
[解析] 句意为：他的行动和他的诺言相差甚远。
2.Lawyers, ______ contrast, are concerned with fair procedure and individual rights.
by/in
[解析] 句意为：相比之下，律师们关心的是公平的程序和个人的权利。
3.In such a background, his white hair was ___ sharp contrast to his dark skin.
in
[解析] 句意为：在这样的背景下，他的白发与他的黑皮肤形成了鲜明的对比。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
他们的经历和其他孩子的经历形成了鲜明的对比。
Their experiences ________ ________________ _____ ______ of other children.
contrast
sharply/strikingly
with
those
1
【句意】5月8日下午4时，您是否有时间在学生会会议室参加一个简短的会议，以便我们能向其他评委介绍您并讨论细节？教材P18
定向练1
一、根据汉语提示补全句子。
1.He studied hard___ ______ _____ （为了） he could pass the exam.
in
order
that
[解析] 句意为：为了能通过考试，他努力学习。
2.I'll take some suncream with me ____ _____ （以便） the sun won't burn my skin.
so
that
[解析] 句意为：我会带一些防晒霜，这样太阳就不会晒伤我的皮肤。
二、指出下列句子中so that引导的从句类型。
1.①I always write carefully so that I can make my meaning clear.
___________________________________________________________________
目的状语从句 句意为：我总是字斟句酌，为的是能把我的意思表达清楚。
②I wrote carefully so that I made my meaning clear.
________________________________________________________
结果状语从句句意为：我字斟句酌，所以我把意思讲清楚了。
2.①We all arrived at eight so that the meeting began on time.
______________________________________________________________
结果状语从句句意为：我们都是八点到达的，因此会议按时开始了。
②We'll come at eight so that the meeting can begin early.
________________________________________________________
目的状语从句句意为：我们要八点来，以便会议能早点开始。
&14& so that引导目的状语从句
so that引导目的状语从句时，意为“为了；目的是；以便”，补充说明主句中谓语动词表示的动作发生的目的，其引导的从句一般位于主句后，从句中的谓语常含有may/might、 can/could、 will/would、 should等情态动词，在非正式文体中，that有时可以省略；in order that与之含义相同，多用于正式文体，其引导的从句可放在主句前或主句后。
You must speak louder so that/in order that you can be heard by all. 你讲话必须更大声一点，以便大家都可以听到你的声音。
While rock-climbing, you need to remain very focused so that you won't make any dangerous errors. 在攀岩的时候，你需要保持非常专注，这样你就不会犯一些危险的错误。［2021年3月天津］
I opened the window so （that） fresh air might come in. 我把窗户打开以便让新鲜空气进来。
特别注意so that也可以引导结果状语从句，补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果。注意区分以下两句话：
I had taken an early bus so that. .I got there in time. 我乘了早班公共汽车，因此及时到了那里。（结果状语从句）
I'm going to take an early bus so that I can get there in time. 我打算乘坐早班公共汽车，以便及时到达那里。（目的状语从句）
2
【句意】一位结婚25年的先生渴望听到妻子说“谢谢”，却不愿开口说出他的期望。教材P20
定向练2
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I want to buy something very __________ （interest）.
interesting
2.He is one of the students ________（nerve） about the exams.
nervous
3.We need a place twice ______ （large） than this one.
larger
4.This isn't anything __________ （importance）.
important
&15& 形容词短语作后置定语
英语中，形容词短语作定语可以位于被修饰词之后。
The basket full of fruits belongs to the beautiful girl. 这个装满水果的篮子是这位漂亮女孩的。
I think he is a man suitable for the job. 我认为他是适合做这项工作的人。
特别注意单个形容词作定语时通常前置，但当单个形容词修饰不定代词somebody、 someone、 something、 anybody、 anyone、 anything、 nobody、 nothing等时，要放在不定代词之后。
Anyone intelligent can do it. 任何聪明人都能做这件事。
There is nothing wrong with the machine. 这台机器没什么毛病。
写作仿 写邀请信
素材储备
1. 篇章结构
邀请信是人们在日常生活、社会生活和外事活动中经常使用的一种应用文体，其特点是通常以第一人称进行写作，语言较为正式、简短、热情，给人以真诚、亲切的感觉。
邀请信一般包括以下内容：
（1）开头一般开门见山，简洁、清晰地说明用意，礼貌而友好地发出邀请。
（2）正文部分通常包括活动的主题、内容、时间和地点，有时也可以告诉对方邀请的人员等，并表达你希望对方做些什么。
（3）结尾表示感谢，礼貌地表达希望对方回复或希望对方按时到达。
2. 常用表达
I am writing to invite you to… 我写信是想邀请你……
I wonder if you can come… 我想知道你是否能来……
It is my pleasure to invite you to… 我非常荣幸邀请你来……
My family and I would feel much honoured if you could come. 如果你能来，我的家人和我都将倍感荣幸。
I'm looking forward to seeing you. 我很期待见到你。
We are longing to hear from you. 我们期待收到你的来信。
We are looking forward to your coming with great pleasure. 我们非常高兴地期待着你的到来。
I hope you're not too busy to come. 我盼望您在百忙之中光临。
Please confirm your participation at your earliest convenience. 是否参加，请尽快告知。
Be sure to come here on time. 务必按时到达这里。
3. 写作模板
Dear ____,
I am writing to tell you that there will be a（n） ___ （内容） at/in ___（地点） on ___（时间）. We would be honoured/delighted to have you there with us.
As I know, you are interested in （fond of/crazy about） ___ （内容）. At the ___ （活动）, you will enjoy/see… Besides/In addition to…, you can also relax yourself/broaden your horizons/enrich your life. I am sure/do believe you will have a great time/enjoy yourself.
I hope that you will accept my invitation if it's convenient for you. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
___
模拟演练
[浙江2020年1月] 假定你是李华,你校将举办外国学生中文演讲比赛,请给你的英国朋友 George写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 比赛时间;
2. 演讲话题;
3. 报名方式。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Mr George,
There will be a Chinese speech contest for foreign students in our school. I'd like to invite you to compete in it, because this is a good chance for you to show how well you've learnt Chinese. It will take place in the school hall from 9:00 to 12:00 on the morning of January 18. The topic is “Traditional Chinese Culture”. If you are interested, please sign up on our school website www. before January 10. I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
请总结你学到的有用表达：
【高级词汇】
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【高级句式】
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