北师大版 （2019）选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 Relationships知识·技能·考试 词 句 重难点 课件（38张PPT)

(共38张PPT)
Unit 1
Relationships
知识·技能·考试
戳考点本单元高频考点：
1. grateful 2. lack 3. access 4. effective 5. raise 6. constantly
7. associate 8. delay 9. appointment 10. belong 11. 过去完成时
1. grateful
（1）grateful在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查词性转换，其副词形式为gratefully，其名词形式为gratitude；②考查固定搭配be grateful （to sb） for sth。
例1 Giving generously and receiving __________ （grateful） make it easier to live happily with others.
gratefully
例2 [江苏泰州中学2022月考·改编] Over 40 countries around the world celebrate Mother's Day. It is a
time when children show their love and _________ （grateful） to their mother.
gratitude
例3 [安徽九师联盟2022联考·改编] In the study, 219 college students participated in a gratitude activity
in which they wrote about three things they were grateful ____ over a two-week period.
for
例4 [河南信阳2022高二期中] Expressing our respect for the people we are grateful ___ can make our
relationship stronger than before.
to
（2）grateful在完形填空中主要考查对其词义的把握。
例5 [全国乙2021·改编] But she recovered, though slowly, and was ready for discharge （出院） after
four weeks. She was ___ for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her.
A
A.grateful B.thoughtful C.sorrowful D.fearful
[解析] 根据语境可知，她从病中康复并准备出院，结合选项可知，此处表达她十分感激医护团队为她所做的一切。故选A项。
2. lack
lack在语法填空中的考法涉及：考查其作名词时的固定搭配（a） lack of。
例1 He noticed ___ lack of interest in exercise among students in wintertime.
a
[解析] 句意为：他注意到，学生们在冬季缺乏锻炼的兴趣。
例2 [江西临川一中2022高二期中·改编] Many a student fails to perform well in an exam not because
of lack ___ ability, but because of the unique pressure of the exam room—the tense atmosphere, the
ticking clock on the wall, and the teachers walking around.
of
[解析] 句意为：许多学生在考试中表现不好，不是因为他们缺乏能力，而是因为考场特有的压力——紧张的气氛、墙上滴答作响的时钟以及走来走去的老师。
3. access
access在语法填空中的考法主要涉及：①考查固定搭配have access to；②考查转换为其形容词形式accessible，涉及固定搭配be accessible to。
例1 [陕西长安一中2022高二期末] When becoming a teacher, Williams wanted her students to love
reading as she did. But she realised that some kids had limited access ___ books.
to
例2 [广东东莞2022期末] It's estimated that Shennongjia will be linked to a newly-built high-speed
railway, making the mountain region more __________ （access）.
accessible
4. effective
effective在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查词性转换，其名词形式为effect，副词形式为effectively；②考查形容词的比较等级。
例1 [四川成都蓉城名校联盟2022高二期中联考·改编] Chinese people have a strong need for cultural
consumption, and the need pushes people who work in the field of cultural relics and museums to
explore _________ （effect） ways to make cultural relics popular.
effective
例2 [河南六市重点高中2022联考] Jordan was one of the most __________ （effective） marketed
athletes of his generation and was considered helpful in popularising the NBA around the world in the
1980s and 1990s.
effectively
[解析] market作及物动词时，意为“推销”，此处为其过去分词形式作定语，设空处修饰过去分词marketed，应用副词形式。
例3 As any teacher knows, quietness can be ______________ （effective） than shouting to make
students pay attention.
more effective
5. raise
（1）raise 在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查动词的时态和语态；②考查非谓语动词的用法。
例1 Today we went to meet her at home and handed over the fund that _________________________
（raise） for her treatment. She was very thankful to all the people who helped her.
was raised/had been raised
[解析] that指代the fund，与raise之间为被动关系；由空前的went和handed并结合语境可知，设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态或过去完成时的被动语态，故答案为was raised或had been raised。
例2 As the proverb goes: “The dragon is awoken, _______ （raise） his head. ”
raising
[解析] 分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is awoken，且与设空处之间无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词形式，raise与主语The dragon之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故填其现在分词形式。
例3 [浙江2020年1月·改编] A key finding is that over time, children _______ （raise） by an
authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes
in school.
raised
[解析] 此处raise意为“抚养”，与children之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语。
例2 As the proverb goes: “The dragon is awoken, _______ （raise） his head. ”
raising
[解析] 分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is awoken，且与设空处之间无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词形式，raise与主语The dragon之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故填其现在分词形式。
例3 [浙江2020年1月·改编] A key finding is that over time, children _______ （raise） by an
authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes
in school.
raised
[解析] 此处raise意为“抚养”，与children之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语。
（2）raise在完形填空中常考查对其词义的把握。
例4 [浙江2021年6月·改编] The only way to pay for the groceries was to take off the things she could
do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol （医用酒精） and a bar of soap. By taking off these, she was
able to ___ the new total to the amount of cash she had with her.
C
A.raise B.add C.bring D.switch
[解析] 根据语境可知，此处表示她带的现金不够，无法结账，所以她只能放下几样东西，这样才能让购物总金额与她随身带的现金一样多。bring the total to… 意为“使总数达到……”。故选C项。此处raise为干扰项。
例5 The thought of walking into Larchmont's office left Andrew weak at the knees. Late in the
afternoon he finally gathered the courage to approach his superior. To his delight and surprise, the ever-
frugal （一贯节省的） Harvey Larchmont agreed to give Andrew a（n） ___!
D
A.praise B.explanation C.position D.raise
[解析] 句意为：一想到走进拉奇蒙特的办公室，安德鲁便双腿发软。下午晚些时候，他终于鼓足勇气去找他的上司。令安德鲁高兴而且惊讶的是，一贯节省的哈维·拉奇蒙特同意给他涨工资！raise在此处作名词，意为“加薪”。根据语境可知，应选D项。
6. constantly
（1）constantly在语法填空中常考查词性转换，其形容词形式为constant。
例1 [安徽合肥2022高二期末] If you're a gamer __________ （constant） glued to your phone, it could
be time to ask for medical help. The WHO officially listed “gaming disorder” as a mental illness, like
drug or gambling addiction.
constantly
（2）constantly在完形填空中常考查对其词义的把握。
例2 [课标全国Ⅰ2020·改编] Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling
them that our sliding glass door is just a window. The reason is obvious. If we admit it is a door,
they'll want to go outside ___. It will drive us crazy.
B
A.gradually B.constantly C.temporarily D.casually
7. associate
associate在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查词性转换，其名词形式为association；②考查固定搭配be associated with…，意为“和……联系在一起；与……有关”；③考查非谓语动词的用法。
例1 [黑龙江哈师大附中2022高二期末] The leader informed us that our football ___________ （associate）
needed some volunteers to meet the visiting foreign viewers.
association
例2 [课标全国Ⅱ 2020] Bamboo plants are associated _____ health, abundance and a happy home.
with
[解析] 句意为：竹子与健康、充裕和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with… 为固定搭配，意为“和……联系在一起”。故填with。
例3 [课标全国Ⅰ2020·改编] As a result, she says, some of the injuries __________ （associate） with
running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers.
associated
[解析] 设空处与some of the injuries之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。
8. delay
delay在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查其固定搭配delay doing sth；②考查其作名词时的用法，delay为名词时可作可数名词。
例1 These days, people are trying to live in a “green” way. Advocates of living in greener communities
think it is not a good idea to delay ________ （solve） environmental problems.
solving
例2 [江苏海安2021高二期末] What the research team discovered was significant: Children with an elder
brother had, on average, ___ two-month delay in their language development compared to children with
an elder sister.
a
[解析] 句意为：该研究团队的发现具有重要意义：相比于那些有姐姐的孩子，有哥哥的孩子在语言功能的发育上平均延缓两个月。此处delay作名词，意为“延迟的时间”，且根据语境可知，此处非特指含义，应用不定冠词修饰。故填a。
9. appointment
appointment在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查词性转换，其形容词形式为appointed，动词形式为appoint；②考查固定搭配make an appointment with。
例1 The __________ （appoint） hour of the ceremony was drawing near.
appointed
[解析] 句意为：既定的典礼时间就要到了。appointed为形容词，意为“约定的”。
例2 I reminded her of the ____________ （appoint）, but she didn't make any response.
appointment
[解析] 句意为：我提醒她有约会，但她没有作任何回复。appointment为名词，意为“约会；约定”。
例3 I made an appointment _____ the doctor in my area and turned up at his room the following
morning.
with
10. belong
belong在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查固定搭配belong to；②考查词性转换，其名词形式为belonging和belongings；③考查其非谓语动词形式。
例1 [福建厦门一中2021高二期中·改编] The basic need to form, grow and sustain relationships and
belong ___ a group, team or family, is universal.
to
[解析] 句意为：建立、发展、维持关系以及归属于某一群体、团队或者家庭的基本需求很普遍。
例2 [天津2020年5月·改编] Many people feel that they need a sense of cultural __________
（belong）.
belonging
[解析] 句意为：许多人认为他们需要一种文化归属感。
例3 While tidying the ___________ （belong） of my grandpa in the house, I dug out the medals he
won in the army.
belongings
[解析] 句意为：当我在房子里整理我爷爷的财物时，我找到了他在军队里获得的勋章。根据语境可知，此处表示“财物；财产”，应用名词belongings。
例4 The gardens in the south are smaller than those in the north but no less delicate. Famous gardens
__________ （belong） to this type are popular in Jiangsu Province, such as Li Garden and Lion Forest
Garden.
belonging
[解析] 句意为：南方的园林比北方的园林规模小，但与其同样精致。属于此类的著名园林在江苏省十分受欢迎，比如蠡园和狮子林。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语；belong to表示“属于”，没有被动形式，其与Famous gardens之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故此处应用belong的现在分词形式。
11. 过去完成时
例 [浙江2020年7月] By about 6000 BC, people ______________ （discover） the best crops to
grow and animals to raise.
had discovered
[解析] 句意为：到大约公元前6000年，人们已经发现了最适合耕种的作物和最适合饲养的牲畜。根据时间状语By about 6000 BC可知，此处表示在过去的某一时间已经完成的动作，应用过去完成时，故填had discovered。
时文领读
主题：人与自我——学校生活
语篇类型：记叙文
词数：359
难度：中
阅读用时：7分钟
背景导入：本文的作者是一所私立中学的英语老师，每学期她都会在课前组织热身活动，让学生有自我展示的机会。这学期的热身活动是课前五分钟演讲。一个平时不起眼的小女孩的演讲让作者意识到，虽然自己平时训练了学生们的批判性思维，自己却没有这样去思考。这件事情让作者明白，老师可以从这些可爱又聪明的学生身上学到很多东西。
阅读技巧：训练根据文章大意归纳文章主旨的能力。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
take turns to do sth轮流做 某事 all the other… 为省 略that的宾语 从句，作 make sure的 宾语 Learning From My Students I am an English teacher in a private middle school. During each semester① I will give my students opportunities to show their talents before class as part of warm-up activities. This term we have a daily speech five minutes before class. Students take turns to give their short speech on any topic they like. In the end, there is Q & A portion② to make sure all the other students listen carefully and understand the speaker. 段落大意 第一段：交代背景：作
者是一名英语老师，每学期都会在
课前组织热身活动，这个学期的热
身活动是课前五分钟演讲。
文章结构 第一段在文章中起到总
领全文的作用，为下文内容作铺
垫。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
Today, it is Leah's turn. Actually, she is not a top student and doesn't do a good job in her study. So I didn't expect too much from her. 段落大意 第二段：轮到利娅作演
讲，作者没抱太大期望。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
Standing on… 为现在 分词短语作 伴随状语 as… as… 与……一 样…… Standing on the platform nervously, she told a fable of an old lady and a cat. A long time ago, an old lady lived with her cat alone in a house. The cat was very hard-working and caught mice for her. But day by day, the cat became old, too. It can't catch mice for the old lady because it is not as fast and alert③ as before. One day, the old lady told the cat to leave her house and not to come back any more. The cat felt sad and asked, “Why do you abandon me I once caught a lot of mice. ” The old lady replied, “Now you can't catch even a little mouse, just go. ” The cat said nothing. It turned away and left. 段落大意 第三段：交代利娅演讲
的内容，她讲述了一位老太太抛弃
多年来为她抓老鼠的猫的故事。
文章结构 第二、三段是文章的主
干部分，对第一段的内容进行了进
一步的讲述。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
because引导原因状语从句 when引导时间状语从句 it depends 视情况而定 What if…？ 如果……怎么办？ live a… life 过着一种……的生活 The story ended. Leah asked the other students, “What do you think of this old lady ” Jack answered, “I think she is cruel because she throws the cat away when it is useless for her. ” I wanted them to give a different answer. For example, she is not grateful or thankful. But Leah's answer made me feel ashamed④. She said,“I think it depends. What if the old lady was very poor and had no more food Maybe she wanted her cat to find a richer owner and live a better life. In this case, she is a good and kind woman. ” 段落大意 第四段：描述学生们针
对故事作出的评论。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
I always try to train them to think critically⑤, but this time, I failed to think so myself. I was so glad to learn from these lovely and clever students. 段落大意 第五段：作者因利娅的
演讲而进行的反思，对文章内容进
行总结，呼应文章标题，提出文章
的中心思想。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
词义猜测 本段最后的think
critically是关键信息，critically 这
个单词的词义我们根据上下文可以
猜出。上文中提到作者希望学生们
给出不同的答案，自己却没有辩证
思考，也没想到利娅会从另一个角
度考虑这个问题，这说明作者认为
自己没有辩证地思考问题。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
①semester n. 学期 ②portion n. 一部分 ③alert adj. 警觉的 ④ashamed adj. 羞愧的 ⑤critically adv. 批判性地
续表
【译文】
向我的学生学习
我是一所私立中学的英语老师。每学期，我都会在课前给学生们展示自己才能的机会，将其作为热身活动的一部分。这学期我们每天有课前五分钟演讲活动。学生们轮流对自己喜欢的任一话题作简短的演讲。最后还有问答环节，以确保其他学生都认真听并能够理解演讲者的意思。
今天轮到利娅演讲了。她其实并不是尖子生，学习不是很好，所以我对她的演讲没抱太大期望。
她紧张地站在讲台上，讲了一个关于一位老奶奶和一只猫的寓言故事。很久以前，有位老奶奶独自一人和一只猫住在一所房子里。这只猫非常勤劳，每天为她抓老鼠。但是随着日子一天天过去，猫也变老了。因为速度和警惕性不如从前，它不能再为老奶奶抓老鼠了。有一天，老奶奶让猫离开她的家，再也别回来。猫很伤心，问道：“你为什么抛弃我？我曾为你抓了很多老鼠。”老奶奶回答道：“现在你连一只小老鼠都抓不到，赶紧走吧。”猫什么也没说，转身离开了。
故事讲完了，利娅问其他同学：“你们如何评价这位老奶奶？”杰克回答说：“我认为她很残忍，因为猫对她来说没有用了，她就把它抛弃了。”我希望他们能给出不同的答案，比如这个老奶奶不知感恩。但是利娅的回答令我羞愧不已。她说：“我认为这要看情况。如果是老奶奶太穷了，没有更多的食物了怎么办？可能她希望她的猫能找到更富裕的主人，过上更好的生活。这样的话，她就是一个善良的人。”
我总是试图训练学生要进行批判性思考，但这次我自己却没能做到。能从这样一群可爱又聪明的学生身上学习，我真的很开心。
真题展示
［课标全国Ⅲ 2020·C篇］With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation （孤独）, more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law. ”
And what does Nick think “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it Yes, I think I would. ”
It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1. 8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married.
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了当前英国社会中一个越来越普遍的现象——几代人共同居住在一栋房子里。
1.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol ( )
B
A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn. D.The daughters.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的they all moved into a three-storey Victorian hou se in Bristol和but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor可知，丽塔居住在一楼，因此主要使用一楼的应是丽塔，故选B项。
2.What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law ( )
A
A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第五段中尼克所说的it all seems to work very well和Would I recommend it Yes， I think I would. 可推知，尼克对于与岳母一起居住是支持并且推荐的，故选A项。carefree意为“无忧无虑的”；tolerant意为“容忍的”；unwilling意为“不愿意的;不乐意的”。
3.What is the author's statement about multigenerational family based on ( )
C
A.Family traditions. B.Financial reports. C.Published statistics. D.Public opinions.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第六段和第七段列出的各项数据可推知，作者关于几代人共同居住的相关陈述是以公开发表的数据为依据的。故选C项。
4.What is the text mainly about ( )
D
A.Lifestyles in different countries. B.Conflicts between generations.
C.A housing problem in Britain. D.A rising trend of living in the UK.
[解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文开篇用具体事例引出主题，之后提出本文主旨a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof，即越来越多的英国人选择几代人共同居住的生活方式，随后用数据作为支撑，具体说明这一现象。由此可知，本文主要介绍的是英国一种越来越普遍的生活趋势。故选D项。
【微技能】概括文章主旨大意的方法
概括文章主旨大意的方法是寻找主题句或归纳各段主要内容。主旨大意题的选项通常具有以下特征：①概括性：准确而简短；②针对性：内容范围相符。而干扰项具有以下特点：①概括范围太窄，只含局部信息或某个细节；②概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容；③包含无关信息，即文章中未提到或找不到语言依据的信息。
推敲选项正误的小窍门：
（1）正确选项一般含有抽象名词或概括性词语，不出现细节信息；
（2）概括全面、范围一致、说明道理的选项一般是正确答案。
本文第一段先陈述现象，第二段给出了具体事例，第三段出现文章主题，即a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof，将该句精简概括再结合文章的现象及事例，就得出答案A rising trend of living in the UK. 。