北师大版（2019） 选择性必修第一册 Unit 1 Relationships Topic Talk & Lesson 1 Teachers 词 句 重难点 课件(共71张PPT)

(共71张PPT)
Unit 1
Relationships
Topic Talk & Lesson 1
Teachers
Good Will Hunting （《心灵捕手》）
Twenty-year-old Will Hunting is a natural genius who is self-taught. He works as a janitor at MIT and spends his spare time drinking with his friends. When Professor Gerald Lambeau posts a difficult mathematics problem on a blackboard as a challenge for his students, Will solves the problem anonymously, stunning both the students and Lambeau. Later, Will is arrested for fighting at the bar and Lambeau helps him out. Lambeau appreciates his talent for maths. He hopes Will can make good use of his talent to do some research. He also finds some psychologists to help Will, but Will strongly resists psychological treatment. Thus he has to turn to Dr Sean, his college roommate. All Lambeau has done for Will thoroughly changes Will's life.
经典台词：
But you're a genius, Will. No one denies that. No one could possibly understand the depths of you. 但你是个天才，威尔。这是毋庸置疑的。没有人能够完全理解你的内心深处。
… you'll have bad times, but that'll always wake you up… to the good stuff you weren't paying attention to. ……每个人都会经历低谷，但那总会将你唤醒,让你注意到不曾注意过的美好事物。
必刷词汇
Topic Talk
1.trait n. ____________
特性，品质
2.niece n. ______________
侄女，外甥女
3.nephew n. ____________
侄子，外甥
4._________ adj. 外向的，好交际的
outgoing
5.____ n. 流行性感冒，流感
flu
6.__________ adj. 极好的；难以置信的
incredible
7.________ adj. 感激的，感谢的
grateful
8.________ n. 幽默感 派 __________ adj. 幽默的
humour
humorous
9.__________ adj. 热爱的，酷爱的；具有强烈信念的 搭配 be passionate about sth
________________________ 联想 ________ n. 激情；热情；酷爱
passionate
对某物有热情；酷爱某物
passion
10._____ vt. 主办；做……的东道主 n. 主人；主持人 派 ________ n. 女主人；女主持人
host
hostess
11.occasionally adv. ____________ 联想 ①occasion n. __________________②occasional adj.
________________________
偶尔；偶然
机会，时机；场合
偶尔的；偶然的；临时的
12.__________ adj. 激起感情的；情感上的 联想 ________ n. 强烈的感情；情感；情绪
emotional
emotion
13.__________ adv. 极度，极其 联想 ________ adj. 极度的，极其的
extremely
extreme
Lesson 1
1.angle n. ____
角
2.triangle n. ________
三角形
3.hydrogen n. ____
氢
4.rocket n. ______
火箭
5.acid n. ____
酸
6.onion n. ______
洋葱
7._____ n. 燃料
fuel
8._____ vt. 拖，拉
drag
9.practical adj. ____________________________联想 ①practice n. __________________②practise/practice
vi. & vt. ____________________
实际的；实践的；切实可行的
练习；实践；惯例
练习；从事（职业）
10.presentation n. __________________ 联想 present vt. __________________ n. ____________ adj.
________________
报告；陈述，说明
颁发；授予；展现
现在；礼物
目前的；出席的
11.__________ n. 行为，举止 联想 _______ vi. 表现
behaviour
behave
12.___________ adj. 值得做的;重要的;有益的 联想 ______ adj. 值得；有……价值 n. 价值；意义；作用
worthwhile
worth
13.educationalist n. ______________ 联想 ①educate vt. ____________②education n.
________________________ ③educational adj. ______________________ ④educator n.
__________________
教育（学）家
教育；教导
（尤指学校）教育；培养
教育的；有教育意义的
教育工作者；教师
14._______ n. 进入；接触的机会 搭配 ______ _______ ___ ____ 有机会进入/见到/使用某物 派
__________ adj. 可到达的;易懂的;易相处的
access
have
access
to
sth
accessible
15.pour vt. ____________搭配 pour into ______________________
灌，注，倒
投入（倒）……于某物
16.lack vt. ____________ n. ____________ 搭配 （a） lack of… __________ 派 lacking adj.
________________ 搭配 be lacking in… __________
缺乏；没有
缺乏；没有
缺乏……
不足的；欠缺的
缺乏……
17.for the first time ______________
初次，第一次
18.a couple of ________________________
一些，几个；一双，一对
19._____ ___ 过去经常，曾经
used
to
核心词汇
It's good that we take some time occasionally to remember some of the positive things in life, don't you agree 我们偶尔花点时间记住生活中一些积极的事情是很好的，你不这样认为吗？教材P105
1 occasionally adv.偶尔；偶然
Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't enjoy this type of reading. 偶尔，我会读一部指定的小说，但我不喜欢这种阅读方式。［天津］
Disputes occasionally occurred between us. 我们之间偶尔会发生争论。
&1& ①occasional adj. 偶尔的；临时的
②occasion n. ……的时候；时机;场合;理由
on occasion（s） 间或;有时;偶尔
on this/that occasion这次/那次；在这时/那时
on the occasion of… 在……之际；在……之时
Its biggest downside is that, on occasion, computers fail to “awaken” properly from this mode, and you have to do a full restart. 这样做最大的不利之处是，电脑有时无法从这种模式中被正常“唤醒”，你必须完全重启电脑。
I have asked you all here, my family, on the occasion of my birthday. 在我生日之际，我把你们，我的家人们，全都邀请到这里来。
特别注意occasion作先行词时，若关系词在定语从句中作状语，则关系词要用when或where。侧重“时刻；时机”的含义时用when，侧重“场合”这一含义时用where。
Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 我能有一天时间陪孩子们的机会非常少。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I saw Bob play the piano at John's party and ____ that occasion he was simply brilliant.
on
[解析] 句意为：我看见鲍勃在约翰的聚会上弹钢琴，那个时刻他简直太棒了。
2.It was the first occasion ______ they had both found it possible to reach an agreement.
when
[解析] 句意为：这是他们两人第一次觉得有可能达成协议。
3.I drink a cup of coffee ____________ （occasional）, but I usually have tea.
occasionally
[解析] 句意为：我偶尔喝一杯咖啡，但我通常喝茶。设空处修饰第一个并列分句的谓语drink，应用副词形式。
4.Next, I will also mention the specific occasions _______ it is okay to use these phrases.
where
[解析] 句意为：接下来，我还会提到可以使用这些短语的特定情境。
二、用含有occasion的相关短语填空。
1.Our English teacher taught us French ____ ______________.
on
occasion（s）
2.He was presented with a watch ____ ____ _________ ___ his retirement.
on
the
occasion
of
2 grateful adj.感激的，感谢的
&2& be grateful （to sb） for sth因某事而感激（某人）
be grateful to do sth因为做某事而心存感激
be grateful （that）… 感激……
I would be grateful if you could/would… （尤用于书信或正式场合提出请求）如果你能……，我将感激不尽。
I amextremely grateful to all the teachers for their help. 我非常感谢所有老师的帮助。
She seems to think that I should be grateful to have a job at all. 她似乎认为我有份工作就该谢天谢地了。
I would be grateful if you could send me the book immediately. 如果你能立刻把书寄给我，我将感激不尽。
I'm extremely grateful to him. 我十分感激他。教材P106
&3& ①gratefully adv. 感激地
②gratitude n. 感激（之情）
She sent them a present to express her gratitude. 她送了他们一件礼物，以表达她的感激之情。
定向练2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I am grateful ___ you ____ your timely help.
to
for
[解析] 句意为：我感激你及时的帮助。
2.Be grateful ____ failure, because it enriches your experience of life.
for
[解析] 句意为：要感激失败，因为它丰富了你的人生经历。
3.I would be grateful ___you could send it to me at an early date.
if
[解析] 句意为：如果你能早一点把它寄给我，我将不胜感激。
4.When getting married, a couple kneel on the floor and pass the tea to their parents to express their
_________ （grateful）.
gratitude
[解析] 句意为：结婚时，夫妻二人跪在地上给父母敬茶以表达他们的感激之情。
5.I __________ （grateful） acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.
gratefully
[解析] 句意为：我对几家本地企业的资助表示感谢。
I remember that he let me pour some fuel into the rocket, and then another student lit a match to set it off. 我记得他让我把一些燃料倒进了火箭里，然后另一名学生点燃了一根火柴来发射火箭。教材P8
3 pour
① vt. 灌，注，倒
Please pour me another cup of tea. 请再给我倒一杯茶。
After that I poured oil into a pan and turned on the stove. 然后我把油倒进了平底锅里，打开了炉子。［2020课标全国Ⅰ·改编］
②vi. （雨）倾盆而下；（液体、烟等）涌流，倾泻；不断涌向/涌现
It never rains but it pours不雨则已，雨则倾盆。（祸不单行）
Tears of happiness poured down Susan's cheeks. 幸福的眼泪顺着苏珊的脸颊簌簌地落下。
&4& pour into/out of… 涌入……/从……涌出
pour out毫无保留地表达感情（或思想等）；（感情或话语）奔涌，迸发
People poured into the square from all parts of the city. 人们从全市各处涌向广场。
She poured out her troubles to me over a cup of coffee. 她一面喝着咖啡，一面向我倾吐着她的烦恼。
定向练3
一、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.每年都有大量的游客涌入这座城市。
Every year a large number of visitors _____ _____ this city.
pour
into
2.这位老人被深深震撼，尽管高傲，他也不得不吐露出自己的感情。
The old man had been deeply shaken and was forced to _____ ____his feelings
in spite of pride.
pour
out
二、翻译句子。
1.Some chemical factories pour waste water into rivers for convenience, resulting in serious water
pollution.
__________________________________________________________
一些化工厂为了方便，将废水排入河流，造成了严重的水污染。
2.我在黑暗中迷路了，更糟的是，开始下起了倾盆大雨。
____________________________________________________________
I lost my way in the dark, and what was worse, it began to pour.
The problem was that I lacked confidence in myself. 我的问题是对自己缺乏信心。教材P8
4 lack
①vt. 缺乏；没有
The house lacks basic facilities. 这所房子没有基础设施。
②n. ［U, sing. ］缺乏；匮乏
&5& （a） lack of… 缺乏……
for lack of… 由于缺乏……
no lack of… 不乏……
Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. 没有天赋、没有时间并不是不采取行动的理由。［2020年7月天津］
He was fired by the boss for lack of skills. 他因为技能不足被老板解雇了。
&6& lacking adj. 缺乏的
be lacking in… 缺乏……
The painting is lacking in originality. 这幅画缺乏创意。
特别注意lack作动词时为及物动词，其后直接接宾语。
Jack is an intelligent pupil, but he lacks motivation （=is lacking in motivation）. 杰克是一个聪明的学生,但（学习）不够主动。
定向练4
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Though ________ （lack） experience, he was willing to work hard.
lacking
[解析] lack和句子的主语he之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故设空处用现在分词形式。句意为：尽管缺乏经验，但他愿意努力工作。
2.For lack ___ money, the project had to be stopped.
of
[解析] for lack of意为“由于缺乏”。句意为：由于缺乏资金，这项工程被迫终止了。
3.A number of areas have been seriously hit by the typhoon. Now people in the affected areas are
lacking ___ food and fresh water.
in
[解析] be lacking in意为“缺乏”。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
他缺乏自信。
①He ______ confidence.
lacks
②He___ ________ ___confidence.
is
lacking
in
I was interested in the study of the stars and planets and he asked me to give a presentation to the class. 我对研究恒星和行星很感兴趣，他便让我给全班同学作了一个展示。教材P8
5 presentation n.报告；陈述，说明；（新产品的）介绍
Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. 每次都让你的演讲比预期的稍微短一点。［2020全国新高考Ⅰ］
释义·理解
present vt
①state;
②put forward;
③give sb sth officially;
④submit;
⑤show
&7& （1）present
①vt. 陈述；提出（观点、计划等）；颁发，赠送，授予；提交；呈现
present sth to sb=present sb with sth 把某物颁发/送给某人
At the end of the programme, the students presented their papers. 课程结束时，学生们提交了他们的论文。
He presented a medal to the winner. =He presented the winner with a medal. 他向获胜者颁发了奖牌。
②n. ［sing. ］现在，目前 ［C］礼物，赠品
at present 现在，目前
for the present 暂时，暂且
I've got enough money for the present我的钱暂时够用。
③adj. 现在的，目前的（仅用于名词前）；出席的，到场的（不用于名词前，作后置定语或表语）
at the present time 目前
be present at… 出席……
All the people present at the meeting were his supporters. 所有出席会议的人都是他的支持者。
（2）presence n. ［U］出席，到场；存在
She was so quiet that her presence has hardly been noticed. 她如此安静,以至于几乎没有人注意到她在场。
定向练5
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Guest speakers will also present prizes ___ the students.
to
[解析] 句意为：特邀发言人也将为学生颁奖。
2.David's manager presented him _____ the award for the best sales in the region.
with
[解析] present sb with sth为固定搭配，意为“把某物颁发/送给某人”。
3.Tom is busy ___ present. Can he ring you later
at
[解析] 考查固定短语at present，意为“现在，目前”。
4.The sales manager will give a ____________ （present） on the new products.
presentation
[解析] 句意为：销售经理将对新产品进行介绍。设空处作give的宾语，表示“介绍”，且空前有不定冠词a修饰，故填名词presentation。
二、翻译句子。
1.I don't think we should expand our business in the present economic climate.
________________________________________________
我认为在当前的经济形势下，我们不应该扩展业务。
2.The workers present immediately requested that he reconsider his decision.
________________________________________
在场的工人立即要求他重新考虑他的决定。
3.昨天，200人出席了会议。
______________________________________________
Yesterday, 200 people were present at the meeting.
I always say to my wife, “Oh look, I used to teach him!”我总会对妻子说：“喏，看，我曾经教过他!”教材P9
6 used to 过去经常，曾经
I never used to enjoy science, but last year I changed schools, and the science teachers at my new school are excellent. 过去我从不喜欢理科，但是去年我转学了，新学校的理科老师们都很棒。
&8& ①used to 与would均可表示过去的习惯，有时可互换。如果强调与现在或未来的对比，通常要用used to。
We used to/would go there every year. 我们过去每年都去那儿。
She doesn't work here now， but she used to她现在不在这儿工作了，但她曾经在这里工作过。
②used to有两种否定形式和疑问形式：一种直接在used后加not;另一种借助于助动词did。
否定形式：used not （=usedn't） to do/did not （=didn't） use to do
疑问形式：Used+主语+to do sth /Did+主语+use to do sth
③在附加疑问句中，陈述部分谓语含有used to do时，附加疑问句部分用didn't或usedn't。
He used to take a walk after supper, didn't/usedn't he 他过去常在晚饭后散步，是吗？
&9& used to do sth, get/be used to （doing） sth 与be used to do sth的用法区别
易混词组 用法 例句
used to dosth 表示过去惯用的动作或状 态，但现在不存在了。 “This used to be the centre of town，” he said. 他说：
“这里曾是城镇的中心。”
get/be used to （doing） sth 表示“习惯于（做）某事”， to为介词，后接名词、代词 或动名词。 Villagers have long been used to facing. .a drive when
they run out of basic supplies. 长期以来，村民们已经
习惯了在基本用品用完的时候开车去买。
be used to do sth 动词use的被动语态，表示 “被用来做某事”。 This application is used to help memorise English
words. 这款应用程序被用来帮助记英语单词。
定向练6
一、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.“压力”在过去是个鲜为人知的词，但现在我们习惯于谈论它了。
“Stress” _____ ___ ____ an almost unknown word, but now we _______ _____ ___ _______ about it.
used
to
be
are/get
used
to
talking
[解析] 根据句意可知，第一处指“过去曾是”,故填used to be；第二处指“习惯于做某事”，故填are/get used to talking。
2.有很多用来烹饪鱼的常见方法。
There are many common methods _____ ___ ______ fish.
used
to
cook
[解析] 根据句意可知,此处指“被用来做某事”，且在句中作后置定语，修饰methods，表示被动含义，故填used to cook。
二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He used ________ （play） basketball when he was young.
to play
[解析] 考查used to do sth，意为“过去常常做某事”。句意为：他年轻的时候常常打篮球。
2.Wood is often used _________ （make） desks and chairs.
to make
[解析] 考查be used to do sth，意为“被用来做某事”。句意为：木头常常被用来制作桌椅。
3.You used to see her a lot, ____________ you
usedn't/didn't
[解析] 含有used to的陈述句的反意疑问句用usedn't/didn't进行反问。句意为：你过去常见她, 不是吗？
4.I don't think I can be used to ______ （live） in a big city after living in the country.
living
[解析] 考查be used to doing sth，意为“习惯于做某事”。句意为：我觉得我在农村生活之后就无法习惯大城市的生活了。
I had heard stories about his bad behaviour. 我听说过关于他的不良行为的故事。教材P9
7 behaviour n.行为，举止
His behaviour was, in a word, shocking. 总之，他的行为令人震惊。
&10& ①behave vi. 表现；举止得体
behave well/badly 表现得好/差
behave oneself举止得体
Mr Blake was a gentleman. He knew how to behave. 布莱克先生是位绅士。他知道如何举止得体。
②well-behaved adj. 彬彬有礼的；行为端正的
The kids at this school are disciplined, hard-working and well-behaved. 这所学校的孩子们遵守纪律、学习勤奋、彬彬有礼。
③ill-behaved adj. 没有礼貌的；举止失检不当的
定向练7
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.He has been behaving _________ （strange） recently.
strangely
2.Smoking in public is bad __________ （behave）.
behaviour
二、翻译句子。
这些表现不好的孩子们真的很令我头疼。
___________________________________________________
These ill-behaved children are really a headache for me.
The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn. 做一名教师意味着你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时候，走进他们的心灵。教材P9
8 access
①n. ［U］进入；接触的机会；权利；通路；入口（+介词to）
Access to the restrooms is through the foyer. 去洗手间要穿过门厅。
&11& have access to… 有机会/权利进入/使用/见到……
gain/get access （to sb/sth） 进入（某地）；见到（某人）；使用（某物）
All applicants must have a driver's license and access to a car. 所有申请者都必须有驾照并要有可使用的汽车。［2021年3月天津］
You need a password to get access to the computer system. 使用这个计算机系统需要密码。
②vt. 到达，进入;存取，访问（计算机文件）
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. 我们从南门进入城墙。［2021全国甲］
Users can access their voice mail remotely. 用户可以远程获取语音邮件。
&12& accessible adj. 易接近的;容易理解的;易相处的；可使用的；可到达的
be accessible to=have access to 可到达；可接近；可使用
定向练8
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.There are some literary books that are __________ （access） to a general audience.
accessible
[解析] 句意为：有一些一般读者都容易理解的文学书籍。
2.The only access ___ the farmhouse is across the fields.
to
[解析] 句意为：去那个农舍的唯一通路是穿过田野。
二、翻译句子。
1.Students must have access to good resources.
______________________________
学生必须有机会使用好的资源。
2.The loft can be accessible by a ladder.
______________________
搭梯子可以进入阁楼。
If what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile. 作为一名老师，如果我可以帮助像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成长为如此成功的人，那么我知道我所做的事情是值得的。教材P9
9 worthwhile adj.值得做的；重要的；有益的
It was in aid of a worthwhile cause. 这是为高尚的事业尽一份力。
I would feel it was all worthwhile if I could do something to make someone else's life better. 如果我能做某件事让他人的生活更加美好，我会觉得一切都是值得的。［China Daily］
&13& it is worthwhile （for sb） to do… （对某人来说）做……是值得的/重要的
it is worthwhile doing… 做……是值得的/重要的
I thought it was worthwhile to clarify the matter. 我认为有必要澄清事实。
It wasn't worthwhile continuing with the project. 这个项目不值得再继续了。［《朗文当代》］
&14& ①worthy adj. 值得（或应得）……的；值得尊敬的，值得赞赏的（作定语时，仅用于名词前，主要修饰人、事业、生活等抽象名词）
be worthy of… 值得……的
be worthy of being done=be worthy to be done 值得（被）做
The money we raise will be going to a very worthy cause. 我们筹集的钱款将用于非常崇高的事业。［《牛津高阶》］
This suggestion is worthy of consideration. =This suggestion is worthy of being considered. =This suggestion is worthy to be considered. 这个建议值得考虑。
②worth adj. 有……价值；值得；拥有……价值的财产（不用于名词前） n. 价值；意义
be worth （doing） sth 值得（做）某事（主动形式表被动含义）
The official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as$50 million. 官员确认了这些画都是原作，价值高达5,000万美元。［2020课标全国Ⅱ·改编］
A good interviewer enables candidates to prove their worth. 好的面试官可以让求职者证明他们的价值。
He decided to get a look at the house to see if it was worth buying. 他决定去瞧瞧那栋房子，看看是否值得买。
定向练9
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The young man is worthy ____________ （teach）.
to be taught
[解析] 句意为：这位年轻人值得教。
2.The professor is worthy ___ our respect.
of
[解析] 句意为：这位教授值得我们尊敬。
3.I don't think the necklace made of diamond is worthy of _____________ （buy）.
being bought
[解析] 句意为：我认为这条钻石制成的项链不值得购买。
4.It is worthwhile ______________ （visit） the museum.
to visit/visiting
[解析] 句意为：这座博物馆值得参观。
5.The museum is worth ________（visit）.
visiting
二、用worth，worthy或worthwhile填空。
1.The second-hand car is ______ no more than?$5,000.
worth
[解析] 句意为：这辆二手汽车最多值5,000美元。
2.Soon you will find helping others is ___________.
worthwhile
[解析] 句意为：很快你就会发现帮助别人是值得的。
3.The book is _______ of being read.
worthy
[解析] 句意为：这本书值得阅读。
4.The book is well ______ reading.
worth
[解析] 句意为：这本书很值得阅读。be worth doing意为“值得做”，用主动形式表被动含义。
5.It is ___________ to include really high-quality illustrations.
worthwhile
[解析] 句意为：把真正高质量的插图包括进去是值得的。
三、一句多译。
这部电影值得一看。
① _________________________________
The film is worth seeing.
②______________________________________
The film is worthy to be seen.
③______________________________________
The film is worthy of being seen.
④______________________________________
It is worthwhile to see the film.
⑤______________________________________
It is worthwhile seeing the film.
1
【句意】那真的是我第一次试图向观众讲解科学知识，现在这成了我的工作!教材P8
&15& time后接定语从句的用法
当time表示“次数”时，常用关系词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当time表示“一段时间”时，用关系副词when或at/during which引导定语从句。
This is the second time that the nice young man has invited me out for dinner! 这是那位好心的年轻人第二次邀请我出去吃晚餐！
There was a time when buildings in this city were almost of the same height. 曾经有段时间，这座城市的建筑物几乎都是一样高的。
特别注意 the first time常用于句型It/This/That is/was the first time （that） sb has/had done sth. ，意为“这/那是某人第一次做某事”。如果主句谓语动词为is，从句用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词为was，从句则用过去完成时。
That was the first time that they had chatted with their parents like friends. 那是他们第一次和父母像朋友一样聊天。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I still remember the first time _____ we met in school.
that
[解析] 句意为：我还记得我们第一次在学校见面的时候。
2.He thought of the happy time ______ he lived with his parents in that mountain village.
when
[解析] 句意为：他想起了他和父母一起住在那个山村的幸福时光。
3.It was the first time that I _________ （see） the professor himself.
had seen
[解析] 句意为：这是我第一次看到这位教授本人。
二、翻译句子。
1.曾有一段时间，音乐帮助他从疾病中恢复健康。
__________________________________________________________
There was a time when music helped him recover from diseases.
2.这是他们第二次举办这种活动。
_______________________________________________________________
It/This is the second time （that） they have held this kind of event.
2
【句意】第一天走进我的课堂时，他将书包拖在身后，一副百无聊赖的样子，但我一用酸和洋葱做实验来展示人类的胃如何运作时，他便全神贯注。教材P9
&16& 名词短语引导时间状语从句
the first/second/last/… time/day、 each/every time、 the moment、 the minute、 the instant等名词短语可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
The first time I saw her, she was picking apples. 我第一次见到她的时候，她正在摘苹果。
The last time he played basketball, he had his leg broken. 他上次打篮球的时候，把腿弄骨折了。
Telephone me the moment. .you get the results. 你一拿到结果，马上给我打电话。
I don't want young people to quit the minute they run into difficulties. 我不希望年轻人一遇到困难就放弃。
&17& the first time与for the first time的用法区别
易混词组 区别 例句
the first time 意为“第一次”，在句中 起到连词的作用，引 导时间状语从句。 The first time my faults were pointed out, I felt ashamed.
第一次被指出过错的时候，我感到很羞愧。
for the first time 意为“初次”，是介词短 语，在句中作时间状 语。 But when I was 15 and went into Mr Jenkins' class, I
really became interested in a subject for the first time但是
在15岁那年，我走进了詹金斯先生的课堂，第一次对一门
学科真正产生了兴趣。［教材P8］
定向练2
一、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.第一次演讲的时候，我很紧张。
_____ _____ _____ I made a speech, I was extremely nervous.
The
first
time
2.每当我经过他的窗前，灯总是亮着。
___________ _____ I pass by his window, the light is always on.
Every/Each
time
3.我一见到他，就告诉他那条消息。
_____ ____________________ I see him, I will tell him the news.
The
moment/minute/instant
二、一句多译。
我们第一次去巴黎的时候，每天都下雨。
①________________________________________________
The first time we went to Paris, it rained every day.
②________________________________________________________
When we went to Paris for the first time, it rained every day.
3
【句意】我认为重要的是要知道没有所谓的好学生或者坏学生。教材P9
&18& It is/was+adj. +（for/of sb） to do sth.
该句型是It作形式主语的一个句型，动词不定式为真正的主语。如果不定式的逻辑主语是for引出的,句中的形容词通常是表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况的形容词。
常见的此类形容词有important、 necessary、 common、 normal、 natural、 hard、 difficult、 easy、 safe、 dangerous、 impossible、 pleasant等。
It is impossible for us to finish the work on time. 我们不可能按时完成这项工作。
如果不定式的逻辑主语是of引出的,常用的形容词多为形容逻辑主语品质、特性的词,如clever、 wise、 bright、 silly、 foolish、 stupid、 kind、 cruel、 right、 wrong等。
It is very kind of you to help me. 你真是太好了，帮了我的忙。
定向练3
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It is impossible ______________ （concentrate） if you are tense or nervous.
to concentrate
2.___ is necessary to learn a foreign language.
It
3.It is highly necessary ____ our government to crack down on official corruption.
for
4.Is ___ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship
it
5.It is wise ___ you to say so.
of
过去完成时
1 构成：had+动词的过去分词
2 基本用法
（1）过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，即在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作或情况。常与时间状语“by+表示过去的时间”或before连用。
Silk had become one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 到大约公元前100年时，丝绸已成为沿“丝绸之路”交易的主要商品之一。
By nine o'clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到宇宙飞船发来的200张图片。
（2）表示从过去的某一时刻之前已经开始并一直延续到这一过去时刻的动作或状态，且到这一过去时刻还没有结束，仍可能继续下去，常和before引导的时间状语从句或由for/since构成的时间状语连用。
Mr White had worked. .in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month怀特先生上个月退休了，他在这之前已经在我们学校工作了将近40年。
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949他说自1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作了。
（3）过去完成时可用于宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句中，表示从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。
Long ago an ancient star exploded, littering space with swirling clouds of the materials it had made while it lived and the heavier metals it created as it died. 很久以前，一颗古老的恒星发生爆炸，它存在时产生的、旋转着的物质云团和灭亡时产生的更重的金属散落在太空中。——《与霍金一起了解宇宙》
The woman said she had raised ＄25,000 for homeless children. 这位女士说她已经为无家可归的孩子们筹集了25,000美元。
During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friend had recommended在西安逗留期间，杰里几乎品尝了他朋友推荐的所有的当地食物。
（4）有些动词的过去完成时可以表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图等，如hope、 plan、 think、 intend、 mean （打算）等。
I had planned. .for 30 guests, but only 10 arrived. 我本来计划招待30位客人，可是只来了10位。
I had hoped that we would do better this time, but we failed again. 我曾期望我们这次能做得更好，但我们又失败了。
特别注意过去完成时以过去的时间为基点，强调动作或状态发生在“过去的过去”，强调与过去某一时间的
关联；而一般过去时只表示动作发生在过去。
He said he _________ several times. 他说他已经尝试过几次了。（said的动作发生在过去，而tried的动作
在said的动作之前发生）
He _____ several times but ______. 他曾尝试过几次，但是失败了。（tried和failed的动作都发生在过去）
had tried
tried
failed
3 常用过去完成时的句式
（1）“Hardly+had sb/sth done+when… did…” 和 “No sooner+had sb/sth done+than… did…”意为“一……就……”。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。
No sooner had the game started than it began to rain heavily. 比赛刚开始，就下起了大雨。
（2）“It/This/That was the first/second/… time （that）+sb/sth had done…”意为“这/那是某人/某物第几次做……”。
My parents were very anxious for me, because it was the first time that I had lived abroad alone. 我的父母很担心我，因为这是我第一次独自住在国外。
（3）sb had just done… when… did… 意为“某人刚……就……”。
I had just taken a few steps when I realised that my greeting had been impolite. 我刚走了几步就意识到我的问候不太礼貌。
定向练
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.By the time he _______ （arrive） here, all the guests __________ （go）.
arrived
had gone
[解析] 根据语境可知，句中时态是过去时态；By the time引导时间状语从句，若表示过去的时间或动作，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。
2.Writing all the invitations by hand was more time-consuming than we _____________ （expect）.
had expected
[解析] 句意为：手写所有的请柬比我们之前预想的要耗时更久。因为主句时态是一般过去时，所以从句表示“在此之前的预期”，要用过去完成时。
3.A few days ago, I ____ （run） into my friend as he passed by.
ran
[解析] 根据时间状语A few days ago可知，此处应该用一般过去时。
4.This _____ （be） the first time that he had seen such beautiful scenery.
was
[解析] 此处为固定句型“It/This/That was the first time （that）+sb/sth had done…”，意为“这/那是某人/某物第一次做……”。
5.Last night, the TV news _____ （say） that by then the death of the missing people
__________________ （not prove） yet.
said
hadn't been proved
[解析] 根据时间状语Last night可知，第一空需要用一般过去时，故填said；再根据时间状语by then可知，prove这个动作发生在said这个动作之前，要用过去完成时，且the death of the missing people和prove之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
6.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She __________ （find） a young owl on the
ground. When I arrived, I _____ （see） a 2- to 3-week-old owl.
had found
saw
[解析] 根据语境可知，“发现（find）”这个动作发生在“接求救电话（got a rescue call）”之前，应用过去完成时，故第一空填had found。第二空所在句的句意为：当我到达时，我看到了一只两到三周大的猫头鹰。第二空单纯描述过去的事情，所以用一般过去时。
7.We ____________ （paint） the house before we moved in.
had painted
8.No sooner had she had time to sit and have a rest than the phone _____ （ring） again.
rang
9.He _____________ （master） three foreign languages by the time he was 14.
had mastered
10.This kind of material _________________ （replace） by the end of last month.
had been replaced