北师大版（2019） 选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 Success Topic Talk & Lesson 1 Money vs Success词 句 重难点 课件(共85张PPT)

(共85张PPT)
Unit 2
Success
Topic Talk &Lesson 1
Money vs Success
What is success
by Ralph Waldo Emerson
What is success
To laugh often and much;
To win the respect of intelligent people
And the affection of children;
To earn the appreciation of honest critics
And endure the betrayal of false friends;
To appreciate beauty,
To find the best in others;
To leave the world a bit better,
Whether by a healthy child,
A garden patch,
Or a redeemed social condition;
To know even one life has breathed easier
Because you have lived.
This is to have succeeded.
成功的内涵
拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生
成功是什么
笑口常开；
赢得智者的尊重
与孩子们的爱戴；
博得真诚的评论家的认可，
容忍不忠实的朋友的背叛；
欣赏美好的东西，
发现别人的长处；
给世界增添光彩，
要么培育出健康的孩子，
要么留下花园一块，
抑或是改善社会状况；
甚至知道一个生命活得更轻松
是因为你的存在。
这就是成功的内涵。
必刷词汇
Topic Talk
1.astronaut n. ________
宇航员
2.enthusiastic adj. ________________
热心的，热衷的
3.appreciative adj. ________
感激的
4.career n. ____________
职业，事业
5.__________ adj. 乐观的，乐观主义的
optimistic
6.persistent adj. ________________
联想 ①persist vi. & vt. ____________②persistence n. ________________
坚持的；执意的
坚持；执意
坚持；锲而不舍
7.disciplined adj. ____________
联想 discipline n. __________________ vt. ____________
遵守纪律的
训练；训导；纪律
训练；处罚
8.__________ adj. 有抱负的，有雄心的
联想 _________ n. 雄心；野心；志向；抱负
ambitious
ambition
9._______ n. 伤，损害
联想 ①______ vt. 伤害；使受伤②_______ adj. 受伤的；（人或感情）受到伤害的
injury
injure
injured
10.___________ n. 合作，协作
联想 __________ vi. 合作；协作
cooperation
cooperate
11.__________ n. 雇员
联想 ①_________ n. 雇主 ②____________ n. 就业；工作；雇用 ③______________ n. 失业；失业人
数④________ vt. 雇用；应用；采用
employee
employer
employment
unemployment
employ
12.___________ adj. 坚定的，坚决的
搭配 ____ ___________ ___ ____ ____ 下定决心做某事
联想 ①__________ v. 查明；确定；决定②_____________ n. 决心；毅力
determined
be
determined
to
do
sth
determine
determination
13.__________ adj. 坚定的；尽心尽力的
搭配 ____ __________ ___ ______ ____ 致力于做某事
联想 ①________ vt. 承诺；犯（罪） ②____________ n. 投入，忠诚，奉献；承诺 ______ ___
____________ 作出承诺
committed
be
committed
to
doing
sth
commit
commitment
make
a
commitment
14.______ ______ 有意义；解释得通
make
sense
Lesson 1
1.millionaire n. __________
百万富翁
2.dormitory （=dorm） n. ________________
寝室，学生宿舍
3.________ n. 象征，标志
派 _________ adj. 象征性的
symbol
symbolic
4._________ n. 家具
furniture
5.comfortably adv. ________________
联想 comfort vt. ______ n. ______________
舒服地，舒适地
安慰
安慰；舒适感
6._________ n. 教授 联想 ①__________ n. 职业；行业②____________ adj. 职业的；专业的
professor
profession
professional
7.ultimate adj. ________________
派 ultimately adv. ____________
最后的，最终的
最后，最终
8.fortune n. ________________
搭配 make a fortune ______
派 ①_________ adj. 幸运的 ②___________ adj. 不幸的
大笔的钱，巨款
发财
fortunate
unfortunate
9.__________ vt. 欣赏；赏识
派 ____________ n. 欣赏；感激；理解
appreciate
appreciation
10._______ n. 饥饿，饥荒
派 _______ adj. 饥饿的
hunger
hungry
11.______ adj. 内疚的，羞愧的搭配 ①____ ______ ________ 对……愧疚 ②____ ______ ___ 犯
有……罪
联想 _____ n. 罪过；内疚
guilty
be
guilty
about/at
be
guilty
of
guilt
12.____ ____ 发迹；出人头地
get
on
13._____ ____ 退出，脱离；辍学
drop
out
核心词汇
First, if you want to be successful, you really need to be passionate and determined about what you do. 首先，如果你想成功，你确实需要对你所做的事充满激情和决心。
教材P107
1 determined adj.坚定的，坚决的
Being a . .determined person， Aunt Li wouldn't let anyone or any difficulty stop her. 李阿姨是个意志坚定的人，她不会让任何人或者任何困难阻挡她。
&1& be determined to do sth （=make up one's mind to do sth）决心做某事
be determined （that）… 下定决心……
He was determined to avoid making the same mistake. 他决心避免犯同样的错误。
I'm determined that I will study hard and make progress every day. 我下定决心要好好学习，天天向上。
&2& ①determine v. 查明；确定；决定
determine to do sth决定做某事
determine on （doing） sth决定（做）某事
We will see that social factors like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. 我们会看到如性别、种族和阶级等一些社会性因素无法决定天才是什么样子。［2021全国甲·改编］
②determination n. 决心；毅力
determination to do sth做某事的决心
The most important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it. 生命中最重要的事情是拥有一个伟大的目标和实现它的决心。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.From his___________ （determine） look， we can know his confidence.
determined
[解析] 句意为：从他坚定的表情中，我们可以知道他很有信心。
2.This work needs patience and _____________ （determine）.
determination
[解析] 句意为：这种工作需要耐心和毅力。
3.Almost all job applicants are determined _________ （leave） a good impression on a potential
employer.
to leave
[解析] be determined to do sth为固定搭配，意为“决心做某事”。
二、同义句转换。
We determined to start early.
→We ___________ ____ an early start.
→We ___________ ____ ________ early.
→We ______ ____ ____ _______ to start early.
determined
on
determined
on
starting
made
up
our
minds
You've seemed very committed to your studies recently. 你最近似乎对自己的学业很投入。
教材P107
2 committed adj.坚定的；尽心尽力的
The whole family are committed vegetarians. 这一家人都是坚定的素食主义者。
&3& be committed to （doing） sth 对……坚定的；忠于……的；对……尽心尽力的；致力于……
The hotel continues to be committed to providing customers with “Safe Facilities, a Healthy Environment and Excellent Service”. 这家酒店继续致力于为顾客提供“安全的设施、健康的环境以及优质的服务”。
&4& ①commit v. （committed, committed）忠于（某个人、机构等）；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）；犯（罪）；做出（错事等）；承诺；花（钱或时间）
释义·理解
commit v.
①be loyal to;
②give all your time and effort to sth;
③do sth illegal or wrong;
④promise;
⑤spend time or money on sth
commit a crime/mistake 犯罪/犯错
commit sb/oneself to （doing） sth 向某人/自己保证（做）某事（to为介词）
commit sth to （doing） sth 把某物（钱、时间等）投入于（做）某事（to为介词）
The banks have committed themselves to boosting profits by slashing costs. 银行作出保证，要通过大幅度削减成本来提高利润。
They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations. 他们呼吁西方国家向极端贫困国家投入更多的钱。［《柯林斯高阶》］
②commitment n. 承诺；奉献；投入
commitment to 对……的贡献；对……的承诺
make a commitment 作出承诺
Her commitment to work is unquestioned. 她的敬业精神是不容置疑的。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.But more importantly, we made a ____________ （commit） to grow together as a couple.
commitment
[解析] 考查make a commitment（作出承诺）。
2.The young man has committed his whole life to _________ （teach）.
teaching
[解析] 考查commit… to… （把……投入于……），其中to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
3.She is __________（commit） to working on her project.
committed
[解析] 考查be committed to （doing） sth （对……尽心尽力的），committed为形容词。
4.But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument, and committed time to __________
（practise） it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
practising
[解析] 句意为：但是他很快发现他喜欢弹奏这种乐器，并且花时间练习，所以短短几个月之内，他便弹奏得相当棒了。考查commit sth to doing sth （把某物投入于做某事）。
5.I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves ___ working on Sundays.
to
[解析] 考查固定短语 commit oneself to doing sth（保证做某事）。
6.Usually, the most awkward email mistake _____________ （commit） in anger.
is committed
[解析] 句意为：最尴尬的电子邮件失误往往是在盛怒之下犯的。
二、根据汉语提示补全句子。
Relatives of the emperor should also be punished according to the law if they _____________________
（犯罪）.
commit a crime/crimes
3 make sense 有意义；解释得通
His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter. 考虑到他是一位研究如何减少垃圾的环境科学家，他这个奇怪的习惯就解释得通了。
&5& 含有sense的其他常用搭配
common sense 常识
a sense of humour/direction/responsibility幽默感/方向感/责任感
make sense of… 理解……；弄懂……
in a sense/in one sense/in some senses从某种/一定意义上来讲
there is no sense in （doing） sth （做）某事是没有道理/没必要的
make no sense 没意义
Yes, that makes a lot of sense. 是的，那很有道理。
教材P107
Before she found the solution to the problem, she must try to make sense of what had happened. 在她找到解决问题的方法之前，她必须设法弄清楚发生了什么。
What he says is right, in a sense. 他所说的是对的，从某种意义上来说是这样。［《朗文当代》］
There is no sense in being anything but practical though, he thought. 然而实用还是最有意义的，他想。［《老人与海》］
Planning so far ahead makes no sense—so many things will have changed by next year. 提前这么久计划没意义，到明年许多事情可能都已经变了。
定向练3
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.作为一个伴侣，最重要的品性之一是幽默感。
One of the most important qualities in a partner is ___ ______ ___ ________.
a
sense
of
humour
2.现在没必要为这件事担忧。
______ ___ ____ ______ in worrying about it now.
There
is
no
sense
3.你能看懂这篇文章吗？
Can you ______ ______ ___ this article
make
sense
of
4.整天上网聊天是没有意义的，你最好做点别的事情。
It _______ ____ ______to chat online all day long. You'd better do something else.
makes
no
sense
Despite many injuries in his career, he always remained determined and focused. 尽管他在职业生涯中多次受伤，但他始终保持坚定和专注。
教材P108
4 injury n.伤，损害
The driver suffered serious injuries to his legs and arms. 这名司机的腿和手臂都受了严重的伤。
Hiro: People keep saying he's not really gone, as long as we remember him. Still hurts. 大家总是说他没有真的离开，只要我们还记得他。但还是很痛。
Baymax: I see no evidence of physical injury. 我并没有发现身体受伤的迹象。
Hiro: It's a different kind of hurt. 这是另一种痛。——《超能陆战队》
&6& do an injury to sb=do sb an injury伤害某人
have/get/receive/suffer an injury受伤
a head/leg/knee injury 头部/腿部/膝盖受伤
personal injury 人身伤害
&7& ①injure vt. （尤指在事故中）伤害，使受伤
If you don't warm up before taking exercise, you risk injuring yourself. 如果你在锻炼之前不热身，你就有使自己受伤的风险。
②injured adj. 受伤的；有伤的
an injured leg 一条受伤的腿
the injured 伤员；受伤的人
get injured受伤
Ambulances took the injured to a nearby hospital. 救护车把伤者送到了附近的一家医院。
&8& injury, hurt与wound的用法区别
易 混 词 用 法 例 句
injury n. （身体上的）伤；损害 尤指因意外事故使身体某部位受到的伤害。 There's a chance of injury in almost any
sport. 几乎任何运动都可能使人受伤。
hurt n. 伤害；痛苦 指情感或身体方面受到的伤害。 Her brave smile concealed a deep hurt. 她勇
敢的微笑背后隐藏着深深的痛苦。
wound n. 伤口；创伤；伤害 指在战争或殴打中受到刀、枪等武器的伤害； 也可指感情或心灵上的伤害。 The nurse cleaned the wound. 护士清洗了伤
口。
定向练4
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The increasing traffic accidents have caused many ________ （injury） and deaths.
injuries
2.The _______ （injure） are being sent to hospital after the accident.
injured
3.The women _______ （injure） in the accident should be given first aid.
injured
4.There were no ________ （injury） in the crash.
injuries
5.When the horse suffered a back _______ （injure）, the vet cured it with his own expert hands.
injury
Sixteen years ago, Jason was a college professor with a huge six-bedroom house and a fortune of two million dollars. 16年前，詹森是一名大学教授，拥有一套有着6间卧室的大房子和200万美元的财产。
教材P30
5 fortune n.［C］大笔的钱，巨款；命运 ［U］运气；机遇
She inherited a fortune from her grandmother. 她从她的祖母那里继承了一大笔财产。
The film follows the fortunes of two women. 这部电影讲述了两个女人的命运。
I have had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors. 我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。
&9& make a/one's fortune发财
try one's fortune碰运气
seek one's fortune寻找成功致富之路；闯世界
If you can discover a market need, you can make a fortune. 如果你能发现市场需求，你就能赚大钱。
They are going to try their fortune once more. 他们想再碰一次运气。
Approximately one million people left their homes and travelled westwards to seek their fortune in the “gold rush”. 大约一百万人离开家乡，向西行进，以在“淘金热”中寻找致富的机会。
&10& ①misfortune n. ［C,U］不幸；灾难
②fortunate adj. 幸运的 ［反］unfortunate adj. 不幸的
I consider myself fortunate to have had such a good education. 我认为自己很幸运，受过这么好的教育。
③fortunately adv. 幸运地 ［反］unfortunately adv. 不幸地
Fortunately, we got home before it started to rain. 幸运的是，我们在下雨之前回到了家。
定向练5
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Red is a _________ （fortune）colour in Chinese culture.
fortunate
[解析] 句意为：在中国文化中，红色是幸运的颜色。
2.A fire broke out yesterday, but ___________ （fortune）, no one was hurt.
fortunately
[解析] 句意为：昨天发生了火灾，但幸运的是，没有人受伤。
3._____________ （fortune）, his father died, leaving his family worse off.
Unfortunately
[解析] 句意为：不幸的是，他父亲去世了，这使得他的家庭状况更加糟糕。
4.She made ______ big fortune from a wise investment （投资）.
I hope you don't think I've taken advantage of your misfortunes. 我希望你不会认为我趁火打劫。——
《爱丽丝梦游仙境》
a/her
[解析] 句意为：她通过一次明智的投资挣了一大笔钱。make a?/one's big fortune意为“挣一大笔钱”。
But Jason appreciates this change. 但是詹森感激这种变化。
教材P31
6 appreciate vt.欣赏；赏识；感激；理解
I appreciate your generosity in the matter. 我很欣赏你在这件事上表现出来的宽大胸怀。
Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thank-you message. 有些人，尤其是年纪较大的人，喜欢收到感谢信。
&11& appreciate doing sth 对做某事感激
appreciate sb doing sth 感激某人做某事
I would appreciate it if… 如果……，我将不胜感激。
We would appreciate you letting us know of any problems. 如有任何问题，请告诉我们。
I'd appreciate it very much if you could give me an early reply. 如果你能早点回复，我将非常感激。
特别注意
①appreciate表“感激”时，常接事物或动作行为作宾语；thank后接人作宾语。
②appreciate表“感激；欣赏”时，其后不直接跟宾语从句，需要先用it作形式宾语，再接从句。类似的动词还有like、 dislike、 hate等。
③可用deeply、 highly、 （very） much等表示程度的副词（短语）修饰appreciate。
&12& appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；理解
Here I sincerely express my appreciation if you could help find the lost suitcase. 如果你能帮忙找到丢失的手提箱，我在这里表示真挚的感谢。
定向练6
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I would appreciate ___ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
it
[解析] 固定句型I would appreciate it if… 意为“如果……，我将不胜感激”。
2.On the night of the Mid-Autumn Day, people gather together, eating moon cakes and ____________
（appreciate） the full moon.
appreciating
[解析] 根据语境可知，此处应与并列连词and前eating的形式保持一致，用现在分词形式。
3.I appreciate _______ （have） the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
having
[解析] appreciate doing sth为固定搭配，意为“对做某事感激”。
4.I would appreciate it ___ you could take the trouble to do this for me.
if
[解析] 固定句型I would appreciate it if… 意为“如果……，我将不胜感激”。
He made the choice to give all his money away. 他选择将他所有的钱捐出去。
教材P31
7 give away 赠送；输掉；泄露（秘密）；暴露；失去
释义·理解
give away
①give sth to sb;
②lose in a game or competition;
③tell sb sth that you should keep secret;
④carelessly allow sb to have an advantage
The old man was so nice that he decided to give away most of his money to the society. 这位老人太善良了，以至于他决定把他的大部分钱都捐给社会。
I will never give your secrets away again. 我绝不会再泄露你的秘密。
Would they give away their chance to win the game 他们会失去赢得比赛的机会吗？
&13& 含有give的其他短语
①give in屈服；让步；交（作业、考卷等）
I pressed my parents until they finally gave in and let me register for skating classes. 我极力劝说父母，直到他们最终作出让步，让我报名参加滑冰课程。
Please give your work in before Monday. 请在周一之前把作业交上来。
②give off发出（气味、光、热等）
Fireflies give off. .flashes of light when they fly at night. 萤火虫夜间飞行时发出闪光。
③give out用光，耗尽（不用于被动语态）；分发；宣布，公布（常用于被动语态）
After a month their food supply gave out. 一个月后，他们的食物储备消耗殆尽。
The teachers gave out the exam papers. 老师分发了试卷。
The results of the exam won't be given out. 这次考试的成绩将不会被公布。
定向练7
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.Body language can give ______ a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send
out a signal that you are being defensive.
away
[解析] 句意为：肢体语言能够暴露很多关于你情绪的信息，因此，当你交叉双臂站立时会发出你正处于戒备状态的信号。
2.What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has given ____
out
[解析] 句意为：当世界上所有的石油都用光的时候，我们该用什么产能呢？give out在该句中意为“用光，耗尽”，为不及物动词短语。
3.The stove gives ____ a lot of heat.
off
[解析] 句意为：炉子散发出很多热气。give off在该句中意为“发出（热）”。
4.They gave ____ questionnaires to the customers who bought this product.
out
[解析] 句意为：他们向购买了这个产品的消费者发放了调查问卷。
5.Finally I gave ___ and accepted the job on their terms.
in
[解析] 句意为：最后我作出了让步，按照他们的条件接受了这份工作。give in 在该句中意为“让步”。
6.We gave ______ two goals in the first half.
away
[解析] 句意为：上半场我们输掉了两个球。in the first half 在该句中意为“（球类运动的）上半场”， give away意为“输掉”。
… but I knew millions of people died of hunger every year… ……但我知道每年有数百万人死于饥饿……
教材P31
8 hunger n.饥饿，饥荒；渴求，渴望
&14& die of/from hunger死于饥饿
hunger for sth 对某物的渴求
Nothing seemed to satisfy their hunger for truth. 似乎没有什么能满足他们对真理的渴求。［《牛津高阶》］
&15& hungry adj. 饥饿的；挨饿的；渴望得到……的
go hungry 吃不饱，挨饿
be hungry for 渴望得到；渴求
And if the bat is not to go hungry, it must catch another three scorpions before sunrise. 如果这只蝙蝠不想挨饿，它必须在日出之前再抓住三只蝎子。［《地球脉动》］
She is hungry for success. 她渴望成功。［《朗文当代》］
定向练8
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Finally, they got home, _______ （hunger） and tired.
hungry
[解析] 句意为：他们终于到家了，又饿又累。此处和tired并列作伴随状语，应用形容词。
2.It is apparent that the prisoners there are hungry ____ equal rights.
for
[解析] 句意为：显而易见，那里的犯人渴望得到平等的权利。考查be hungry for （渴望得到，渴求）。
二、翻译句子。
1.整个世界都渴望和平。
___________________________________
The whole world is hungry for peace.
2.作为老师，你要尽力满足学生们对知识的渴求。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________
As a teacher, you should do all （that） you can/try your best to satisfy the students' hunger for knowledge.
They didn't have the chance to learn and get on in life. 他们没有接受教育和获得成功的机会。
教材P31
9 get on 发迹；出人头地；取得成功；进展
Lily's getting on very well in English. She learns very quickly. 莉莉的英语学得很好，她学得非常快。
&16& 含有get的其他常用短语
get along/on （with…） （与……）相处融洽；进展
get about/around 四处走动；流传
get across （使）被理解；把……讲清楚
get away from 摆脱（困难/不愉快的事/某种限制）
get down to （doing） sth 开始（做）某事；开始认真注意（或对待）某事
get over 解决；克服；从疾病（或不愉快的经历）中恢复常态；完成
get through 顺利通过（考试）；（用电话）联系上；完成（工作）；（使某人）熬过（困难时期）
You'll find this map of great value in helping you to get around in London. 你会发现这张地图对你在伦敦四处走走很有帮助。
I have created a new way to get my message across. 我想了个新方法来把我的想法讲清楚。
She wanted to get away from the traditional ideas of what theatre is about. 她想摆脱关于戏剧是什么的一些传统观念。
It's time I got down to thinking about that essay. 我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。［《牛津高阶》］
You will get over the illness more quickly if you relax. 如果你放松下来，你会更快战胜这个疾病的。
I tried to call her but couldn't get through. 我试图给她打电话，但就是打不通。
I don't know how we're going to get through the winter. 我不知道我们将如何熬过这个冬天。
定向练9
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.She got ________ her exams without too much trouble.
through
[解析] 句意为：她没有费太大劲就通过了考试。
2.We walked to the next beach to get away ______the crowds. There were fewer people there.
from
[解析] 句意为：为了避开人群，我们走到了下一片海滩。那儿的人少一些。
3.I must get down___ booking the hotels.
to
[解析] 句意为：我得开始预订旅馆了。这里的to为介词。
4.We tried to get our idea _______, but he just wouldn't listen.
across
[解析] 句意为：我们努力把我们的观点讲清楚，但他就是不听。
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.这位老人极难相处。
The old man was extremely difficult to ____ _________ _____.
get
along/on
with
2.是他们的爱让我熬过了前几个月的困难时期。
It was their love that____ ____ ________ the difficult times in the first few months.
got
me
through
3.我得了流感，很久才恢复过来。
It's taken me ages to ____ _____ the flu.
get
over
1
【句意】他们花一半时间想象各种致富和实现他们期望的成功的方法，其余的时间则用来思考一旦变得富有他们将要做的所有事情。
教材P30
&17& way后接定语的用法
way意为“方式；方法”时，其后常接三种形式的定语：
定 语 形 式 含 义
不 定 式 a/the way to do sth 做某事的方式、方法
动 名 词 a/the way of doing sth 做某事的方式、方法
定语从句 the way （that/in which） ……的方式、方法
As far as I'm concerned, there is only one possible way to keep/of keeping away from the danger. 在我看来，只有一种可能的方法可以远离危险。
I don't like the way （that/in which） he speaks. 我不喜欢他说话的方式。（此时that作关系副词，可以省略）
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Since then finding ways ___________ （grow） more peanuts has been his main goal.
to grow
2.There are usually at least two ways of ________ （look） at every question.
looking
[解析] of为介词，后面应用动名词。
3.What surprised me was not what he said but the way _____ he said it.
that
[解析] 句意为：使我惊讶的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。此处that作关系副词，可以省略。
[解析] 此处表示“找到种植更多花生的方法”，所以应用不定式作定语。
二、翻译句子。
1.政府正在努力寻找提高食品安全的方法。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___
The government is trying to find a way to improve/of improving food safety. a/the way to do/of doing sth
[解析] 意为“做某事的方法”，为固定搭配。
2.科技极大地改变了我们的生活方式。（定语从句）
________________________________________________________________________
Science and technology have greatly changed the way （that/in which） we live.
[解析] （that/in which） we live为定语从句，修饰先行词the way，可以省略that或in which。
2
【句意】的确没有迹象表明詹森是一个富有且成功的人！
教材 P30
&18& that引导的同位语从句
同位语从句一般位于news、 idea、 fact、 promise、 question、 doubt、 thought、 hope、 message、 suggestion等抽象名词后，解释说明该名词所表示的具体内容。that引导的同位语从句中，that不作成分，无实际意义，一般不省略。
特别注意 that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别
①定语从句中的that既指代先行词,又同时在从句中作某个成分；而同位语从句中的that只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。 ②定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述先行词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
The news that he told me is that Tom will go abroad next year. 他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（news后的that引导定语从句,that在从句中作宾语）
The news that Tom will go abroad is told by him. 汤姆将出国的消息是他说的。（news后的that引导同位语从句,从句的内容即news的内容，that在句中不作任何成分）
定向练2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.The suggestion has been put forward _____ more high-school graduates will be admitted into
universities.
that
[解析] 设空后的内容是对suggestion的补充说明，且设空处不在从句中作任何成分，所以此处应用that引导同位语从句。
2.It is said that more high-school graduates will be admitted into universities. This is the suggestion
__________ has been put forward.
that/which
[解析] 设空后的内容为suggestion的修饰性定语，设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，且先行词suggestion指物，故可填that或which。
3.I want my children to be able to seize every opportunity _____ they get.
that
[解析] 分析句子成分可知， they get为定语从句，修饰opportunity，从句中缺少宾语，且先行词指物，被every修饰，故用that引导该从句。
4.The news _____ she had resigned took everyone by surprise.
that
[解析] 设空后的she had resigned解释说明news，且设空处在从句中不作任何成分，所以设空处应用that引导同位语从句。
3
【句意】他厌倦了被认为过着成功的生活——在很多人一无所有时自己却能拥有一切。
教材P31
&19& while的用法
①while作并列连词，连接两个并列分句，表示转折、对比，意为“而；然而”。
Of those Australians who still have a landline, 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. 在那些至今仍保留座机的澳大利亚人中，19%的人说他们从来没使用过座机，而还有13%的人保留着座机以防紧急情况发生。［2021全国乙·改编］
②while作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时；在……期间”，此时从句谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
Susan talked to us while she was playing computer games. 苏珊一边同我们说话，一边玩电脑游戏。
③while作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”。
While he has shortcomings, I still like him. 尽管他有缺点，我还是喜欢他。
④while作名词，意为“一段时间；一会儿”。
He stayed in my office for a short while and then left. 他在我办公室待了一小会儿然后就走了。
定向练3
翻译句子，体会while的含义。
1.My father cleaned the car while I was doing my homework.
__________________________________________
我做家庭作业的时候，我的爸爸清洗了汽车。
2.While he was very tired, the teacher left the dormitory only when all his students were asleep.
______________________________________________________
尽管很累，这位老师还是在所有学生都睡着后才离开宿舍。
3.I like swimming, while my sister likes singing.
________________________________
我喜欢游泳，而我妹妹喜欢唱歌。
1 动词的-ing形式（动名词）作主语
动名词（短语）具有名词的基本性质，因此动名词（短语）可以在句子中充当主语。单个动名词（短语）作主语时，句子的谓语动词通常用单数。
动名词（短语）在句首直接作主语
动名词（短语）作主语常表示抽象的、经常性的或习惯性的动作，通常放在句首。
Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. 朗读对我们学习一门外语来说很重要。
it作形式主语，动名词（短语）作真正的主语
动名词（短语）作主语的句子有时可以用it作形式主语，动名词（短语）作真正主语。常见结构有：
It's a waste of time doing sth. 做某事浪费时间。
It's useless/worthwhile doing sth. 做某事是没用的/值得的。
It's no use/no good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没好处的。
It was a waste of time reading that book. 读那本书就是在浪费时间。（此句中It为形式主语，真正的主语为reading that book）
There is/was+no+动名词（短语）
There was no knowing. .what he could do. 不知道他能做什么。
There is no denying that. .only if we deal with and overcome large numbers of difficulties in a correct way will we achieve our dreams. 不可否认，我们只有用正确的方式处理和克服大量的困难，才能实现我们的梦想。
定向练1
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1._________ （learn） a language requires time and effort.
Learning
2.It's a waste of time ___________ （persuade） such a person to join us.
persuading
3._______ （save） money now seems impossible.
Saving
4.It is worthwhile ________（read） more books.
reading
5.It's useless _______ （ask） him any more questions about that because he won't answer.
asking
6.There was no _______ （tell） when she would be back.
telling
2 动词的-ing形式（动名词、现在分词）作表语
动名词（短语）作表语
动名词（短语）作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，也可以表示一般性、习惯性的动作，大多数情况下可以与主语互换。
Her job is cleaning offices. 她的工作是打扫办公室。（作表语）
Cleaning offices is her job. 打扫办公室是她的工作。（作主语）
Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. 我的第一份工作是在尤卡亚图书馆，那时我16岁。［2020课标全国Ⅱ］
现在分词（短语）作表语
现在分词（短语）作表语，表示主语具有的特征和属性。一些现在分词作表语时已经形容词化。
His concern for his mother is most touching. 他对自己母亲的关爱最令人感动。
His words are encouraging. 他的话很鼓舞人心。
定向练2
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.What he said is ___________ （convince）， so we can trust him.
convincing
2.The news is ___________; we were all __________ at it. （astonish）
astonishing
astonished
3.The result of the exam was _____________ （disappoint）.
disappointing
4.His greatest happiness is ________ （read） his favourite books.
reading
5.My favourite sport is__________ （swim）.
swimming
6.The news sounds____________ （encourage）.
encouraging
3 动词的-ing形式（动名词）作宾语
动名词（短语）跟在及物动词后作宾语
后面接动名词作宾语的动词（短语）汇总：mepscarfid“妹不食咖啡滴”。
M: miss, mind E: escape, enjoy P: practise, put off
S: suggest C: consider, can't stand A: avoid, admit, advise, appreciate R: risk, resist F: finish, forbid, feel like
I: imagine, insist on D: dislike, delay, deny
He managed to escape suffering from the disease. 他设法避免了患上那种疾病。
Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter. 史密斯教授考虑在学生们开始学习下一章之前给他们一份阅读清单。
The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night. 犯罪嫌疑人否认自己那晚开过办公室的电脑。
特别注意need、 deserve、 require后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。
Your car needs cleaning. =Your car needs to be cleaned. 你的汽车该清洗了。
This city deserves visiting. =This city deserves to be visited. 这座城市值得游览。
The problem requires studying carefully. =The problem requires to be studied carefully. 这个问题需要仔细研究。
动名词（短语）在介词后作宾语
（1）about、 against、 to、 from、 of、 for等介词后可用动名词（短语）作宾语。
They are against using so many animals in experiments. 他们反对用如此多的动物去做实验。
Thank you for offering me so much help. 谢谢你为我提供了这么多帮助。
（2）某些“动词（+名词/形容词/副词）+介词”后常用动名词作宾语，常见的有：
apologise for… （为……道歉）、 be aware of （意识到）、 be afraid of （害怕）、 engage in （参与）、 give up （放弃）、 depend on/upon （依靠）、 have difficulty （in） （做某事有困难）、 admit to （承认）、 be/get/become used to （习惯于）、 devote… to… （把……用于……）、 get down to （开始做）、 look forward to （期待）、 object to （反对）、 stick to （坚持）、 see to （照料；处理）、 contribute… to… （把……贡献给……）、 lead to （导致）、 pay attention to （注意）等。
I'm looking forward to your coming next time. 我期待着您下一次的到来。
He apologised for interrupting us. 他因打断了我们的谈话而道歉。
①有些动词既可跟不定式也可跟动名词作宾语，但二者在意思上有差别。
forget/remember doing sth忘记/记得做过某事
forget/remember to do sth忘记/记得去做某事
regret doing sth对做过某事表示后悔
regret to do sth 对要做的事表示遗憾
mean to do sth打算做某事
mean doing sth意味着做某事
try to do sth努力做某事
try doing sth尝试着做某事
go on doing sth继续做原来做的事
go on to do sth接着做别的事情
stop to do sth 停下来去做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
can't help （to） do sth 无法帮助做某事
can't help doing sth 情不自禁做某事
want/need to do sth 想要/需要做某事
want/need doing sth 某事需要被做（主动表被动）
②有些动词接动名词和接动词不定式在意思上没什么大的差别。
begin to do/doing sth 开始做某事
start to do/doing sth 开始做某事
like to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事
hate to do/doing sth 讨厌做某事
prefer to do/doing sth 更喜欢做某事
continue to do/doing sth 继续做某事
take turns to do/doing sth 轮流做某事
intend to do/doing sth 打算做某事
定向练3
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.As I will be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate ________ （hear） from you now and then telling
me how everyone is getting along
hearing
[解析] 句意为：因为我将要外出至少一年，若能不时收到你的来信告诉我大家过得如何，我将不胜感激。设空处作appreciate的宾语，应用动名词形式。
2.You should not miss ________ （make） up for your missed lessons
making
[解析] 句意为：你不应该错过补上你落下的功课（的机会）。短语miss doing sth意为“错过做某事”，miss后跟动名词形式作宾语，故填making。
3.You can never imagine what great difficulty I had in ________ （help） the poor boy and the little
dog that was seriously hurt
helping
[解析] 句意为：你永远无法想象我在帮助那个可怜的男孩和受了重伤的小狗时遇到了多么大的麻烦。have difficulty （in） doing sth为固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，故填helping。
4.I really appreciate ____________ （give） the chance to present my opinions on AI at the meeting
being given
[解析] 句意为：我非常感谢有机会在会议上提出我对人工智能的看法。appreciate doing sth为固定搭配，意为“感激做某事”。此处I与give之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用动名词的被动式。
5.[全国乙2021·改编] In my opinion, students can benefit a lot from ______ （do） some housework
doing
[解析] 设空处作介词from的宾语，应用动名词形式。
6.Don't forget ________ （post） the letter for me when you pass by the post office
to post
[解析] 句意为：你经过邮局时别忘了为我寄这封信。forget to do sth意为“忘记去做某事”，表示事情未做；forget doing sth意为“忘记做过某事”，表示事情已发生，根据语境，此处表示“不要忘记去做某事”，故填动词不定式。
7.I didn't mean ______________ （eat） anything, but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help
____________ （try） it
to eat
8.I do remember _________ （receive） the message, but I cannot find it nowPlease send it again if
you don't mind
receiving
[解析] 句意为：我记得我确实收到过这条信息，但现在找不到了。如果你不介意的话，请再发我一次。根据句意可知，此处表示“记得做过某事”，应填动名词。注意remember to do sth和remember doing sth的区别，前者表示“记得要去做某事”，而后者表示“记得做过某事”。
9.My hair needs ________________ （cut）
cutting/to be cut
[解析] 句意为：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰激凌看起来太美味了，我忍不住要尝一尝。考查固定短语mean
to do（打算做）和can't help doing（忍不住做）。本题需要注意区分mean to do（打算做）与mean doing
（意味着做），can't help （to） do （不能帮助做）与can't help doing（忍不住做）之间的含义。
trying
二、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
I used to like to go to our local cinemaIt was old and rather uncomfortable, but it had its own
characteristics Now it's stopped 1. .（show） films there The owner would like to go on
2. .（run） the cinema, but he would need 3. .（make） a lot of improvements, which
would mean 4. .（spend） tens of thousands of pounds I remember 5. .（watch） the
last film at the cinema It was a murder mystery It was five minutes from the end, and we were trying
6. .（work） out who the murderer was when suddenly all the lights went out and the film
stopped We sat in the dark for a few minutes, and then the owner appeared with a torch “I regret
7. .（tell） you,” he said, “that our electricity has failed I don't mean 8. .
（disappoint） you, but I'm afraid we can't show you the end of the film We've tried 9. .
（phone） the electricity company, but they say they can't help” He went on 10. .（explain）
showing
running
to make
spending
watching
to work
to tell
to disappoint
phoning
explaining
to the audience how the film ended I didn't understand the story But I don't regret 11. .（go） to
the cinema that evening
going