牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 2 Natural disasters Period Ⅱ Grammar and usage重难点 课件(共20张PPT)

(共20张PPT)
Unit 2
Natural disasters
Period Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
01
02
句子控
模块
导航
词汇斩
03
语法汇
定向练1
用shock的正确形式填空。
1．They ________ by her rudeness yesterday.
2．The ________ news ________ everyone of us at that moment.
3．All the people present felt ________ at the ________ accident.
4．Massive blood loss can lead to ________.
词汇斩
【解析】1．were shocked　此处表达的意思是“被……震惊”，故用被动语态。
2．shocking; shocked　第一个空应填形容词作定语，表示“令人震惊的”；第二个空应填谓语动词，且由at that moment可知，此空应填谓语动词的过去式shocked。
3．shocked; shocking　第一空是形容词作表语，表示“震惊的”；第二空是形容词作定语，表示“令人震惊的”。
4．shock　句意为：大量失血会导致休克。
定向练2
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Almost every child is scared ________ something.
2．The boys were ________ (scare) to cross the street a moment ago.
3．An alarm scared ________ the attacker.
4．It ________ (scare) him to realize how close he had come to losing everything.
5．The child ________ (scare) by the fierce dog just now.
词汇斩
【解析】1．of　句意为：几乎每个孩子都有害怕的东西。be scared of… 意为“害怕……”。
2．scared　句意为：那些男孩刚才不敢过马路。be scared to do sth意为“不敢做某事”。
3．off/away　句意为：警报声吓跑了袭击者。scare away/off… 意为“把……吓跑”。
4．scared　句意为：意识到自己差点就失去了一切，他吓了一跳。此处作谓语动词，根据从句时态可知主句用一般过去时。
5．was scared　句意为：这个孩子刚刚被那条凶猛的狗吓了一跳。
定向练3
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The task is too difficult. I’m afraid it is ________ my power to do what you’re asking.
2．And it is proved to be an increasingly________ (power) tool in encouraging people to purchase.
二、用energy, power, force或strength填空。
1．If you drop something, the ________ of gravity will pull it to the floor.
2．I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the ________ to make or break a person’s world.
3．I have hardly enough ________ left to move my feet.
4．Each year that country consumes a high percentage of the world’s ________ resources.
词汇斩
【解析】一、1.beyond　句意为：这任务太难了。恐怕你要求我做的事超出了我的能力范围。
2.powerful　句意为：而且事实证明它是一个在鼓励人们购物方面愈加有力的工具。
二、1.force　2.power　3.strength/energy　4.energy/power
定向练4
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．With her money ________ (run) out, she has to ask her mother for some.
2．The dog didn’t die after it got run ________ by a car.
3．When they made ready for climbing another mountain, they found that their oxygen had given ________.
4．The people were running out ________ fresh water when hit by the earthquake.
5．He used ________ all his energy to study English.
6．The bus went out of control and ran ________ a tree. Fortunately, nobody was injured.
7．It was not common to see two policemen run through a forest ________ a robber.
8．The teacher ran ________ his student who had run ________ from home on the street.
词汇斩
【解析】1.running　2.over　3.out　4.of　5.up　6.into　7.after　8.across/into; away
定向练5
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．A pipeline has been built ________ (supply) some eastern provinces with natural gas from the west of China.
2．Water is ________ short supply; pollution is worsening, and there is no affordable housing left for them to buy.　
3．The brain requires constant ________ (supply) of oxygen.
4．The lounge was well supplied ________ newspapers.
词汇斩
【解析】一、1．to supply　句意为：已修建成一条管道，用于从中国西部向东部一些省份输送天然气。此处用不定式作目的状语。
2．in　in short supply为固定搭配，意为“供应短缺”。
3．supply　句意为：大脑需要持续供氧。此处supply意为“供应”，为不可数名词。
4．with　be well supplied with sth为固定搭配，意为“某物供应充足”。
二、翻译句子。
1．他们在出发露营前检查自己的食物储备。
________________________________________________________________________
2．媒体向我们提供了大量信息。
________________________________________________________________________
词汇斩
【解析】二、1．They check their food supplies before setting out for camping.
2．Lots of information is supplied to us by the media.
定向练6
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．She donated many books ________ the library last year.
2．The ________ (donate) refused to tell his name after ________ (donate) a large sum of money.
3．The company made a ________ (donate) of 3,000 dollars to charity.
词汇斩
【解析】1.to　2.donor; donating　3.donation
句子控
定向练
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The missing child was last seen ________ (play) on the beach.
2．He was seen ________ (drive) the car at high speed on the highway yesterday.
3．It’s sad to see the old museum ________ (take) down to make way for a new shopping centre.
【解析】1．playing　句意为：那个走丢的孩子最后一次被看到是在沙滩上玩耍。强调被看到时正在发生的动作，故用playing。
2．to drive　句意为：昨天有人看见他在公路上以高速行驶。see sb do sth 意为“看见某人做过某事”，由yesterday可知整个动作已完成，强调整个过程。被动语态为sb be seen to do sth，故填to drive。
3．taken　句意为：看着旧博物馆被拆除为新的购物中心让路，真令人伤心。
定向练1
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1．When the boss came in, the workers pretended ________ (work) hard on their machines.
2．[课标全国Ⅰ·改编]Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ________ (perform) consistently over a large area.
3．The old city is believed ________ (cover) over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.
4．She glanced at the faces around her, hoping to find the tall man.But he was nowhere ________ (see)．
5．The disease is said________ (be) the biggest challenge to the people in the area over the past few years.
语法汇
6．Yeti are reported ________ (see) in the Himalayas for centuries.
7．All the students got very excited at the news that the scientist, who was reported ________ (win) the Nobel Prize, was coming to their school.
8．The study, from academics at Harvard, claims ________ (produce) the first clear evidence showing that when temperatures go up, school performance goes down.
9．The two passengers occupying seats were reported ________ (ban) from taking trains for 180 days.
10．[浙江·改编]But some students didn’t want ________ (wear) the uniform.
语法汇
【解析】1．to be working　句意为：老板进来时，工人们假装正在用机器努力工作。pretend to do sth为固定搭配，根据语境可知，此处表示动作正在进行，应用不定式的进行式。
2．to perform　句意为：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法从二十世纪八十年代中期才被运用，并且在大面积范围内持续运行的成本很高。根据“主语＋be＋adj.＋to do”结构可知，此处应用动词不定式，且用主动形式表被动意义。
3．to have been covered　sb/sth is believed to do/to have done是固定用法，表示“人们认为某人/某物……”，此处cover表示的动作发生在谓语is believed表示的动作之前，表示完成，应用不定式的完成式；因为古城是被掩埋的，old city与cover为逻辑上的被动关系，故用不定式完成式的被动形式。
4．to be seen　be nowhere to be seen为固定用法，意为“哪儿也找不到，无处可寻”。
5．to have been　sth is said to be是常用句式，over the past few years表明此处表示的动作先于谓语is said发生，应该用不定式的完成式。句意为：据说这种疾病是过去几年来该地区的人面临的最大挑战。
语法汇
6．to have been seen　句意为：据报道，几个世纪以来，不断有人在喜马拉雅山脉看到了雪人。sb/sth be reported to do… 是常用句式，其中动词不定式作主语补足语。本句中表示的动作从过去一直到现在，所以要用动词不定式的完成式。Yeti与动词see之间是逻辑上的被动关系，因此要用to have been seen。
7．to have won　句意为：听到那位被报道获得诺贝尔奖的科学家要来他们学校的消息，所有的学生都很兴奋。be reported to do sth为固定用法，且此处win的动作发生在was reported之前，所以用动词不定式的完成式。
8．to have produced　句意为：这项来自哈佛大学教师的研究声称，它首次提供了明确的证据表明气温升高时，(学生的)学业表现会下降。claim to do sth表示“声称做某事”，而且此处produce这个动作发生在claims之前，故用不定式的完成式。
9．to have been banned　句意为：据报道，占座的两名乘客被禁止乘火车180天。sb be reported to do是固定结构。根据语境可知，“被禁止乘坐火车”已经发生，应使用动词不定式的完成式。 ban与其逻辑主语passengers之间为被动关系，故用被动式。
10．to wear　want to do sth意为“想要做某事”，故填to wear。
语法汇
定向练2
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1．[课标全国Ⅱ·改编]Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans ________ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
2．What is the best way you can imagine ________ (reduce) the overuse of water in our school
3．In many homes in the UK, the first person ________ (wake) up has to make tea for the family.
4．We had better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest ________ (hold) in Shanghai next month.
5．In 2012, he became the first Chinese man ________ (win) an Olympic gold medal in swimming.
语法汇
6．In the “moon garden” onboard the Chang’e 4, the shoots of cotton marked the first live matter ever ________ (grow) on the moon.
7．No offence, but I want to say that the driver is not the one ________ (blame) for the accident.
8．It was officially reported that the first mammal ________ (clone) successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the Sheep.
9．The lecture ________ (follow) will include the radical changes brought about by the French Revolution.
10．Meyer and his team were the first people ________ (show) how the disease spreads from animals to human.
语法汇
【解析】1．to retire　此处用不定式短语作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plans，表示“退休的计划”。
2．to reduce　分析句子结构可知，you can imagine是插入语，way后常接动词不定式作定语。
3．to wake　句意为：在英国的许多家庭中，第一个醒来的人要为家人泡茶。当名词前有first等序数词修饰时，通常要用动词不定式作后置定语。
4．to be held　根据next month可知，事情还未发生，此处contest和hold之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用动词不定式的被动式作后置定语。
5．to win　当名词前面有first等序数词修饰的时候，通常要用不定式作后置定语。
6．to be grown　当名词前面有first等序数词修饰的时候，通常要用不定式作后置定语。the first… to do sth意为“第一个做某事的……”；live matter和grow之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以此处应用动词不定式的被动式作后置定语。
语法汇
7．to blame　句意为：无意冒犯，但我想说这名司机不是这次事故的肇事者。be to blame for… 意为“对……负有责任”。
8．to be cloned　句意为：据官方报道，第一只成功用成体细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多莉羊。当名词前有first等序数词修饰的时候，通常要用不定式作后置定语，且此处mammal和clone之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用动词不定式的被动式作后置定语。
9．to follow　lecture后是非谓语动词作后置定语，follow在此处意为“(指时间或顺序)在……后发生”，与lecture之间是逻辑上的主动关系，根据句中的will可知，非谓语动词所表示的动作即将发生，故用不定式作后置定语。
10．to show　the first等序数词后面用不定式作后置定语，且此处people与show之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
语法汇
定向练3
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1．He rushed to the airport, only ________ (tell) that the film star had left.
2．Mary hurried back only ________ (find) the front door closed.
语法汇
【解析】1．to be told　only与动词不定式连用作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果；tell 和主语He之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用动词不定式的被动式。句意为：他匆忙赶到机场，结果被告知电影明星已经走了。
2．to find　only与动词不定式连用作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果。句意为：玛丽匆忙赶回去，结果发现前门关了。