牛津译林版（2019） 必修 第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Period Ⅱ Grammar and usage 重难点 课件(共32张PP

(共32张PPT)
Unit 4
Scientists who changed the world
Period Ⅱ
Grammar and usage
01
02
句子控
模块
导航
词汇斩
03
语法汇
定向练1
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1．________ (surround) by the policemen, the thief couldn’t escape being caught.
2．The buildings have been designed to blend in with their________ (surround).
3．Surround ________ (you) with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better.
4．After the explosion, the army sealed off the________ (surround) area.
5．We’ve got this place________ (surround)．Come out with your hands up!
6．The shell ________ (surround) the egg has many important functions.
7．________ by the forest, the village has beautiful ________， which attract many visitors from ________ areas. (surround)
词汇斩
【解析】1．Surrounded　句意为：小偷被警察包围了，无法逃脱被抓的命运。surround与主语the thief之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作状语。
2．surroundings　句意为：这些建筑物被设计得与其周围的事物浑然一体。设空处位于形容词性物主代词their后，应用名词，surround的名词形式为surroundings，意为“环境”。
3．yourself/yourselves　句意为：让自己和能激励你(们)向上的人在一起。此句考查短语surround oneself with sb/sth。
4．surrounding　句意为：爆炸发生后，军队封锁了周边地区。设空处位于定冠词和名词之间，故应用形容词修饰area。
5．surrounded　句意为：我们已将此地包围，举起手出来投降吧！第一句包含“get＋宾语＋宾补”结构，surround与this place之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
6．surrounding　句意为：包裹着鸡蛋的外壳有很多重要的功能。surround与The shell之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作定语，修饰The shell。
7．Surrounded; surroundings; surrounding　句意为：这个村庄被森林环绕，环境优美，吸引了许多来自周边地区的游客。分析句子结构可知，第一空surround与the village之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，第二空应用名词作has的宾语，第三空应用形容词修饰areas。
词汇斩
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．They gave no ________ (indicate) as to how the work should be done.
2．He shows every indication of ________ (want) to accept the post.
3．There seems to be every indication ________ there will be an earthquake.
词汇斩
【解析】一、1．indication　句意为：他们根本没有说明这项工作该怎样做。give在此处是及物动词，所以后面应该使用名词作宾语。
2．wanting　句意为：他显然想接受这个职位。
3．that　考查indication that…，意为“……的迹象”。
二、翻译句子。
1．Having been indicated for several times, the kid finally came to realize what his mother really meant.
________________________________________________________________________
2．The black clouds indicate that it will rain soon.
________________________________________________________________________
词汇斩
【解析】二、1．被暗示多次后，这个孩子终于明白了他母亲真正的意思。
2．乌云预示着快要下雨了。
定向练3
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．I raised your suggestion with the boss, and he was ________ favour of trying it.
2．The conditions are ________ (favour) for opening a new business.
词汇斩
【解析】一、1．in　句意：我向老板提了你的建议，他同意试一下。in favour of意为“赞同”。
2．favourable　句意为：这些条件有利于开办新企业。favourable是形容词，意为“有利的”。
二、根据汉语提示补全句子。
1．My younger sister was against my suggestion while my elder brother was ________ ________ ________ (支持) it.
2．I want to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (请你帮个忙)．Will you lend me your car
3．Could you ________ ________ ________ ________(帮我个忙) and pick up Sam from school today
词汇斩
【解析】二、1．in favour of　句意为：我的妹妹反对我的建议，而我的哥哥则表示支持。
2．ask a favour of you　句意为：我想请你帮个忙。你能把汽车借给我吗？
3．do me a favour　句意为：今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗？
三、用favour的相关表达翻译句子。
1．目前的形势对我们有利。
________________________________________________________________________
2．非常感谢！我欠你一个人情！
________________________________________________________________________
3．新的税法似乎对低收入家庭有利。
________________________________________________________________________
4．他发表了一些对他们的候选人有利的评论。(in one’s favour)　
________________________________________________________________________
词汇斩
【解析】三、1．The present/current situation is in our favour/favours us.
2．Thanks a lot! I owe you a favour!
3．The new tax law seems to favour low-income families.
4．He made several comments that/which were in their candidate’s favour.
词汇斩
定向练4
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1．He charged me 60 yuan ________ mending my computer.
2．Your order will be sent free ________ charge.
3．He took charge ________ the family business following his father’s death.
4．Henry is now ________ charge of the work, and he holds a serious attitude to it.
词汇斩
【解析】一、1．for　句意为：他向我要60元的电脑维修费。
2．of　句意为：你的订单将会被免费送达。
3．of　句意为：他父亲死后，他掌管了家族企业。take charge of为固定搭配，意为“掌管”。
4．in　句意为：亨利现在负责这项工作，他对这项工作持认真的态度。
二、改正下列句子中的错误。
1．I’d like to speak to the person on charge.　
________________________________________________________________________
2．The company is in charge of him while his father is away.
________________________________________________________________________
3．He was charged of robbery.
________________________________________________________________________
词汇斩
【解析】二、1．on→in　句意为：我想和负责人交谈一下。
2．在in后加the　句意为：他的父亲不在时，公司由他负责。
3．of→with　句意为：他被指控抢劫。
句子控
定向练1
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1．The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.
2．Faced with difficulties, you should believe your confidence is ________ makes a difference.
3．From space, the earth looks blue.This is ________ about seventy-one per cent of its surface is covered by water.
4．What some students are not aware of is ________ difficult life can be if they are not devoted to study.
5．As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
6．—When choosing furniture, you only focus on the function while I think more about the design.
—That’s ________ we differ.
【解析】1．when　句意为：对这位足球明星来说，最好的时刻是他踢进制胜一球的时候。
2．what　句意为：面对困难，你应该相信你的自信才是最重要的。设空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的东西”，故用what。
3．because　句意为：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为大约71%的地表被水覆盖。
4．how　句意为：一些学生没有意识到的是，如果他们不专心学习，生活会有多困难。
5．what　句意为：正如约翰·列侬曾经所说，生活就是当你忙于制订其他计划时发生在你身上的事情。
6．where　句意为：——在选择家具时，你只注重功能，而我更注重设计。——这就是我们的不同之处。
句子控
句子控
定向练2
一、根据汉语提示补全句子。
1．There is no simple answer, ________________ (科学方面情况常常如此)．
2．“You can’t judge a book by its cover,”________________ (正如俗语所说的那样)．
3．________________ (正如报纸中所报道的那样), talks between the countries are making progress.
4．________________ (正如上文所述), if you want to see a thing well, reach out and touch it.
【解析】一、1.as is often the case in science　
2．as the old saying goes　
3．As is reported in the newspaper　
4．As is mentioned above
句子控
二、把所给句子转换为包含as引导的定语从句的句子。
It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
__________________________________________________________________________
【解析】二、As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month./The moon travels round the earth once every month, as is known to everyone.
句子控
定向练3
根据汉语意思完成句子。
1．我得记下你的手机号码，以便以后与你保持联系。
I shall write down your phone number____________________________ .
2．他们爬到山顶为的是能够看到更好的风景。
They climbed to the top of the mountain____________________________ .
3．他今早很早就起床了，所以赶上了第一班车。
He got up early this morning, ____________________________ .　
【解析】1．so that/in order that I can keep in touch with you later on＝in order to/so as to/to keep in touch with you later on
2．so that/in order that they could get a better view＝in order to/so as to/to get a better view
3．so that he caught the first bus
定向练1
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
第一组：
1．The adobe dwellings (土坯房) ________ (build) by the Pueblo Indians are admired by even the most modern architects.
2．To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.
3．He’s always the first person of the team ________ (put) forward the solution to the problem.
4．You might think that with all these dangerous animals Australia is an unsafe place ________ (live) in or visit.
5．The airport ________ (complete) last year has helped promote tourism in this area.
语法汇
6．The witnesses ________ (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
7．You should grasp the ability ________ (solve) the complex problems.
8．There are hundreds of visitors ________ (wait) in front of the art gallery.
9．After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________ (provide)．
10．The room is empty except for a bookshelf ________ (stand) in one corner.
语法汇
【解析】第一组：
1．built　主语The adobe dwellings与build之间为逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词built 作定语，表示被动和完成。句意为：由普韦布洛印第安人建造的土坯房甚至得到了最前卫的建筑师的赞赏。
2．conducted　a study 与conduct之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词conducted。句意为：回到水污染的问题，我想让你们看一下2012年在澳大利亚进行的一项研究。
3．to put　the first修饰的名词后应用动词不定式作定语。句意为：他总是团队里第一个提出问题解决方案的人。
4．to live　此处用动词不定式的主动形式表示与逻辑主语place的被动关系，动词不定式to live in or visit作后置定语修饰place。句意为：澳大利亚有这些危险的动物，你也许会认为在这里居住或到这里旅游很不安全。
5．completed　complete的过去分词作定语，表示完成和被动。句意为：去年建成的飞机场帮助促进了该地区的旅游业。
语法汇
6．questioned　question的过去分词作定语，表示完成和被动。句意为：刚刚被警察询问的目击者们对这起斗殴事件给出了完全不同的描述。
7．to solve　ability后面要用动词不定式作定语。句意为：你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。
8．waiting　wait和visitors是逻辑上的主动关系，且设空处表示正在进行的动作，故用现在分词waiting作定语。
9．provided　the envelope和provide 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。句意为： 在填写完表格并签名之后，请把表格放在我们所提供的信封里返还给我们。
10．standing　a bookshelf 和stand之间是逻辑上的主动关系，且设空处表示被修饰词a bookshelf的状态，故用现在分词作定语。句意为：除了立在一角的书架，这个房间空无一物。
语法汇
第二组：
1．The decision ________ (make) at the meeting last week will influence the future of our company.
2．There are varieties of ways ________ (make) others laugh.
3．The books ________ (leave) here are for my students.
4．Don’t respond to any e-mails ________ (request) personal information, no matter how official they look.
5．The meeting ________ (attend) by a lot of people was a great success.
6．Today there are more airplanes ________ (carry) more people than ever before in the sky.
7．Can those ________ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me
8．There is a great deal of evidence ________ (indicate) that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
9．The museum ________ (complete) in the 1980s was the best building at that time.
10．Peter received a letter ________ (say) his grandma would come to see him.
语法汇
【解析】第二组：
1．made　decision和make之间是逻辑上的被动关系且动作已完成，故用过去分词作定语。句意为：上周在会上作出的决定将会影响我们公司的未来。
2．to make　way后面用动词不定式作定语。句意为：有各种逗别人笑的方法。
3．left　books 和leave 之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。句意为：这些留下的书是给我的学生们的。
4．requesting　e-mails 和request之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。句意为：不管看起来多么官方，只要是索要你个人信息的电子邮件，都不要回复。
5．attended　meeting和 attend之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。句意为：很多人出席的那场会议举办得很成功。
语法汇
6．carrying　airplanes 和carry之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。句意为：比起以前，现在空中有了更多的飞机，这些飞机能运载更多的人。
7．seated　用seated表示those 所处的状态，意为“入座的；坐下来的”。句意为：坐在教室后面的人能听到我说话吗？
8．indicating　evidence和indicate之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。句意为：有大量的证据表明音乐活动能让大脑不同的部位活跃起来。
9．completed　museum 和complete之间是逻辑上的被动关系，且时间状语是in the 1980s，故此处用过去分词表示被动和完成。句意为：20世纪80年代竣工的这座博物馆是当时最好的建筑。
10．saying　a letter 和say之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。句意为：彼得收到一封信，信上说他的祖母要来看他。
语法汇
定向练2
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Ordinary soap, ________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
2．________ (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive at any time.
3．Children, when ________ (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
4．The research is so designed that once ________ (begin), nothing can be done to change it.
5．He was seated in the corner of the room, ________ (lose) in thought.
6．When ________ (expose) to danger and conflict, people tend to increase blood pressure.
7．________ (determine) to get a ticket for the concert, he didn’t mind standing in a long queue.
语法汇
【解析】一、1．used　过去分词短语作条件状语。句意为：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效杀菌。
2．Ordered/Having been ordered　此处可用过去分词短语作原因状语，也可以用现在分词的完成式Having been ordered，表示其动作先于arrive发生。句意为：那些书是一个多星期之前订的，所以随时可能送到。
3．accompanied　过去分词短语作时间状语。句意为：当有父母陪伴的时候，孩子们被允许进入体育馆。
4．begun　过去分词短语作条件状语。句意为：这项研究计划得如此周密，以至于一旦开始，做什么事情也改变不了它。
5．lost　 过去分词短语作伴随状语。句意为：他坐在房间的角落里，陷入了沉思。
6．exposed　过去分词短语作时间状语。句意为：当面临危险或者冲突的时候，人的血压往往会升高。
7．Determined　过去分词短语作原因状语。句意为：因为决心买到演唱会的门票，他并不介意排长队。
语法汇
二、用过去分词(短语)作状语结构翻译下列句子。
1．如果给我更多的时间，我能做得更好。　　________________________________________________________________________
2．因为被这个故事深深地感动，这些人停止了彼此间的争吵。
________________________________________________________________________
语法汇
二、1.Given more time, I’ll be able to/I can do it better.
2．Deeply moved by the story, these people stopped quarrelling/arguing with each other.
定向练3
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1．He raised his voice in order to make himself ________ (hear)．
2．The teacher raised his voice in order to make his students ________ (hear) what he said.
3．My teacher encouraged me ________ (take) a summer course to improve my writing skills.
4．A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ (smoke) in the kitchen.
5．Her necklace was found ________ (steal) after she got home.
6．We had some photos ________ (take) in the park last weekend.
7．When he walked in the street, he saw a man ________ (rob) the bank.
语法汇
8．We had better have the dangerous house ________ (pull) down as soon as possible.
9．I heard a girl ________ (sing) an English song just now.
10．A girl was heard ________ (sing) an English song just now.
11．I heard a girl ________ (sing) an English song when I passed by her room.
12．To learn English well, we should find chances to hear English ________ (speak) as much as possible.
13．They kept the door ________ (lock) for a long time.
14．The teacher won’t like the problem ________ (discuss) at the moment.
语法汇
【解析】1．heard　此句中himself与hear之间是逻辑上的被动关系，表示“让自己被别人听到”，所以用heard。句意为：他提高嗓音来让自己被听见。
2．hear　make后用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，故用hear。句意为：为了让学生能听到他所说的，老师提高了嗓门。
3．to take　考查encourage sb to do sth。句意为：我的老师鼓励我参加一个暑期班来提高我的写作技能。
4．smoking　此句中he 和smoke之间是逻辑上的主动关系，且is found的动作和smoke 的动作同时发生，故用smoking。句意为：如果厨师被发现在厨房里抽烟，就会被立刻解雇。
5．stolen　此句中necklace 和steal之间是逻辑上的被动关系，分词表示的动作先于谓语表示的动作发生，故用stolen。句意为：她到家后发现项链被偷了。
6．taken　此句中photos 和take之间是逻辑上的被动关系，且由last weekend可知，分词表示的动作已完成，故用taken。句意为：上周末我们在公园里拍了些照片。
7．robbing　此句中a man 和rob之间是逻辑上的主动关系，谓语表示的动作和分词表示的动作同时发生，故用robbing。句意为：当他在街上走的时候，他看到一个人在抢银行。
语法汇
8．pulled　此句中house 和pull down之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用pulled。句意为：我们最好尽快把危房拆掉。
9．sing　考查短语hear sb do sth，其中省略to的不定式表示动作已完成。句意为：刚才我听到了一个女孩唱英文歌。
10．to sing　hear sb do sth用于被动语态的时候，不定式的to应还原。
11．singing　此句中a girl 和sing之间是逻辑上的主动关系，分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作同时发生。句意为：当我经过一个女孩的房间时，我听到了她在唱英文歌。
12．spoken　此句中第二个English 和speak之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用spoken。句意为：为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听别人说英语。
13．locked　此句中lock与door为逻辑上的被动关系，设空处表示door所处的状态，故用locked。句意为：他们让门锁了好长时间。
14．discussed　此句中problem和 discuss之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用discussed。句意为：老师不愿意现在讨论这个问题。
语法汇