牛津译林版（2019） 必修 第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world知识·技能·考试 重难点 课件(共20张PPT)

(共20张PPT)
Unit 4
Scientists who changed the world
知识·技能·考试
模块
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语言知识运用
1．limit
例1 [福建龙岩2022高一期末]Pictures from space make people realize our planet’s ________ (limit) resources and scientists are trying to find other planets to be our new home.
例2 I will devote my limited life to the ________ (limit) job of serving the people.
例3 [辽宁大连2022二模·改编]There’s a limit ________ the resources of our Earth，so recycling these things will make us think about the environment.
例4 As a law student, my reading is in fact ________ to subject matter.The volume (量) of what I have to read for class every week means there is little time to read anything else.
A．used B．limited C．increased D．devoted
语言知识运用
【答案】
例1：limited　例2：limitless　例3：to/on　例4：B
2．pay off
例 But I will never forget what the experience has really taught me. Sacrifices ________ in the end.
A．pay off B．come back C．run out D．turn up
语言知识运用
【答案】
例：A　第二句句意为：牺牲最终会得到回报。pay off在此处意为“带来好结果；得到回报”。
3．beneficial
例1 [湖南长沙雅礼中学2022高一期末·改编]Perhaps the next generation of scientists, drawing on the wisdom of traditional Chinese medicine, will indeed discover more medicines beneficial ________ global health care.
例2 [安徽合肥2022高二期末·改编]User data is ________ (benefit) to companies offering products and services on the Internet when used as marketing research.
例3 Practising this art consistently can develop personal character and is of great ________ (beneficial) to health.
语言知识运用
【答案】
例1：to　例2：beneficial　例3：benefit
4．surround
例1 [天津南开区2022高一期中·改编]The bridge’s engineers have to consider many environmental factors to protect the ________ (surround) environment while building the bridge.
例2 Some stars stay calm by surrounding themselves ________ trusted friends and family or by escaping to remote places away from big cities.
例3 [四川遂宁2022高一期末]Shenglongwan ________ (surround) by mountains, so the villagers had to dig through hard rocks.
语言知识运用
语言知识运用
【答案】
例1：surrounding　此处应用形容词修饰名词environment。句意为：大桥的工程师在建造大桥时，必须考虑许多环境因素来保护周围的环境。
例2：with　surround oneself with… 为固定搭配，意为“和……在一起”。句意为：有些明星通过与家人及信任的朋友待在一起，或者逃到远离大城市的偏远地区的方式让自己保持平静。
例3：is surrounded　be surrounded by… 为固定搭配。句意为：神龙湾四面环山，因此村民们不得不挖穿坚硬的岩石(来通向外界)。
5．favour
例1 In my view, I am greatly in favour ________ this activity.
例2 Some once-hot majors like English and Law have fallen out of the job market’s favour. On the other hand, engineering graduates majoring in Geological Engineering, Ship and Marine Engineering are ________ most in the job market.
A．ignored B．enrolled C．favoured D．surveyed
语言知识运用
【答案】
例1：of　例2：C
6．charge
例1 The police are going to charge the man ________ murder.
例2 [天津2021年3月·改编]He offered to fix bikes free ________ charge for anyone who needed it.
例3 [江苏泰州2022高一期末·改编]It is the region’s first 24-hour self-service library with the technology, according to the regional library, which is ________ charge of the project.
例4 [河南驻马店2022高一期中]The theatre’s musical director joined him and together the two men took charge ________ the orchestra.
语言知识运用
【答案】
例1：with
例2：of　句意为：他主动提出为任何需要修理自行车的人免费修理自行车。free of charge为固定短语，意为“免费”。
例3：in　句意为：据负责该项目的地区图书馆称，这是该地区首个拥有该项技术的24小时自助图书馆。in charge of为固定短语，意为“负责；主管”。
例4：of　句意为：剧院的音乐总监和他一起负责管弦乐队。take charge of为固定搭配，意为“负责”。
语言知识运用
7．involve
例 A great way to get ________ (involve) in the celebration is to join a Mandarin class or attend one of the many Confucius Institutes.
语言知识运用
【答案】例：involved
8．apply
例1 [辽宁沈阳2022高一期末·改编]It is a skilful ________ (apply) of the yin and yang theory to strengthen the function of food and herbs.
例2 [山东青岛2022高一期末]Now, some scientists are trying to apply steam power ________ one of today’s most highly technical activities—space exploration.
例3 [广东深圳2022高一期末·改编]It is one of the wonderful ice and snow attractions that have a condition to apply ________ the Winter Olympic Games.
语言知识运用
语言知识运用
【答案】
例1：application　句意为：它是对阴阳理论的巧妙应用，以增强食物和草药的功能。设空处作系动词is的表语，其前有不定冠词a及形容词skilful修饰，应用名词。
例2：to　句意为：现在，一些科学家正努力将蒸汽动力应用于当今技术含量最高的活动之一——太空探索。apply… to… 为固定搭配，在此意为“将……应用于……”。
例3：for　句意为：它是有条件申办冬季奥运会的奇妙冰雪景点之一。apply for意为“申请”，为固定搭配。
9．permit
例1 For example, if you blow into bamboos or shells, ________ (permit) air to come in, they can produce pleasant music.
例2 [湖南师大附中2022高二期中]We must ask for ________ (permit) before taking pictures of the local people.
例3 [福建三明二中2022高二开学考]If time________ (permit), we’re going to visit you tomorrow.
例4 Teenagers are not permitted ________ (smoke) as cigarettes will cause damage to their health.
语言知识运用
【答案】
例1：permitting　句意为：例如，如果你吹竹子或贝壳，让空气进入其中，它们可以产生悦耳的音乐。
例2：permission　句意为：在给当地人拍照之前，我们必须征得他们的同意。
例3：permitting　句意为：如果时间允许，我们明天会去拜访你。
例4：to smoke
语言知识运用
10．responsibility
例1 [全国乙2022·改编]China has a ________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
例2 I am eighteen years old now, which means I’ve become an adult and have more ________ (responsibility)．
语言知识运用
【答案】
例1：responsibility　例2：responsibilities
11．declare
例1 [课标全国Ⅱ]Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ________ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
例2 I felt the sadness and helplessness when she talked about her only son being ________ missing in an action after D-Day (诺曼底登陆)．
A．declared B．suspected C．reminded D．informed
语言知识运用
【答案】
例1：declared　例2：A
12．过去分词(短语)作定语在高考中的考查
例1 [全国乙2022]“… It can help to build a community with a ________ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
例2 [全国甲2022]Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
例3 [北京2021·改编]There has been a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, ________ (cause) largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.
语言知识运用
【答案】
例1：shared　此处表示“这有助于构建人类命运共同体”。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语形式作定语，修饰名词future，share与future之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词 shared，意为“共有的”。故填shared。
例2：held　句意为：受到在北京举办的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹晟康决定徒步走完“一带一路”全线，以此向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是decided, Inspired by… Beijing 为过去分词短语作状语，设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，hold与the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填held。
例3：caused　句意为：根据联合国的一项新报告，过去20年来，极端天气事件数量激增，主要是由全球气温上升导致的。分析句子结构可知，该句已有谓语has been，设空处与has been之间无连词连接，故应用非谓语形式，且cause与extreme weather events之间为逻辑上的被动关系，此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填caused。
语言知识运用