北师大版（2019） 选择性必修第一册 Unit 3 Conservation知识·技能·考试词 句 重难点 课件 (共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
Unit 3
Conservation
知识·技能·考试
戳考点
本单元高频考点：
1. vary 2. decrease 3. blame 4. aware
5. anxious 6. annoy 7. relate 8. involve
1. vary
（1）vary在语法填空中的考法涉及：考查词性转换。various为形容词，意为“各种各样的”，强调种类之多；variety为名词，意为“种类；变种；多种；种种”。
例1 [天津2020年7月·改编] Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to ________ （vary）
age groups.
various
例2 [全国新高考Ⅱ2020·改编] About 480 _________ （vary） of trees may be found in just one
hectare of rainforest.
varieties
例3 He soon mastered the skill and could make a _______ （vary） of sugar paintings.
variety
（2）vary在完形填空中的考法涉及：考查vary与其他动词的词义辨析。
例4 “Successful and unsuccessful people do not ___ greatly in the abilities but in their desire to reach
their potential. ”
A
A.vary B.change C.match D.diversify
[解析] 句意为：成功人士与非成功人士在能力上并没有太大区别，只是他们在挖掘自己潜能的欲望上有所不同。
2. decrease
decrease在完形填空中常考查对其词义的把握。
例 To ___ the amount of rubbish and protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to
recycle materials. However, this is not enough to solve our problems.
C
A.show B.record C.decrease D.measure
[解析] 设空处所在句句意为：为了减少垃圾的数量和保护环境，更多的政府要求人们循环使用材料。
3. blame
blame在语法填空中主要考查其固定短语be to blame。
例 [河南林州一中2022高二开学考试] Temperatures and sea level are rising, possibly contributing to
more storms. The rising has influenced our environment a lot, resulting in a lot of climate problems, and
humans are at least partially _________ （blame）.
to blame
例1 [全国乙2021·改编] Ecotourism was not widely accepted as a travel concept until the late 1980s.
During that time, increasing environmental __________ （aware） made it desirable.
awareness
[解析] 句意为：直到20世纪80年代末期，生态旅游才作为一种旅游概念被人们广泛接受。那时，（能让人们）提高环境意识这一点使它十分吸引人。
例2 [辽宁大连一中2021高二学情反馈] They were wandering in the street aimlessly, completely
_________ （aware） of any danger approaching.
unaware
例3 [山西朔州2022模拟·改编] Cotton bags have become a means for brands, retailers and supermarkets
to indicate a planet-friendly mindset—or, at least, to show that the companies are aware ___ the overuse
of plastic in packaging.
of
4. aware
aware在语法填空中的考法涉及：①考查词性转换，常考查形容词aware变为名词awareness；②考查词形变化，其反义词为unaware；③考查固定搭配be aware of和make sb aware of。
5. anxious
（1）anxious在语法填空中的考法涉及: ①考查其形容词比较级（anxious为多音节词，构成比较级时在前面加more 或less）; ②考查固定搭配（be anxious about sth意为“为某事担心/焦虑”，be anxious for sb意为“为某人担心”）; ③考查形容词与名词、副词之间的转换。
例1 The more familiar you become with your assigned work, the ____________ （anxious） you will
feel.
less anxious
例2 I still remembered going there early and feeling anxious ______ the new world.
about
例3 [湖南长沙雅礼中学2022高二月考·改编] Jessica claims that her hugs can help those suffering from
loneliness, depression, or low self-confidence. “When I hugged my customers, I could see their tension
and ________ （anxious） melt away,” Jessica said.
anxiety
例4 Although I searched the sidewalk __________ （anxious） for fifteen minutes, my wallet was
nowhere to be found.
anxiously
（2）anxious在完形填空中的考法涉及：考查对其词义的掌握。anxious是形容词，意为“焦虑的；渴望的”。
例5 I felt like a kid again, but as the first day of classes drew near, I became___. I was simply too old.
People would laugh at me.
C
A.determined B.confident C.anxious D.confused
6. annoy
annoy在语法填空中的考法主要为词性转换，常考查形容词annoyed和annoying，修饰人或人的表情用annoyed，意为“生气的”，修饰物用annoying，意为“令人生气的；使人烦恼的”；也常考查名词annoyance，意为“烦恼”时，为不可数名词，意为“使人烦恼的事”时，为可数名词。
例1 Even when he is made fun of, he doesn't get _________ （annoy）.
annoyed
[解析] 句意为：即使被人取笑，他也不生气。设空处修饰he，表示“生气的”，故用-ed形式的形容词。
例2 It can be rather _________ （annoy） if you feel bad and I suggest you look at it positively.
annoying
[解析] 句意为：如果你感觉不好，这是相当恼人的，我建议你积极地看待它。设空处表示“使人烦恼的”，故用-ing形式的形容词。
例3 What's worse, when I talk with some of my friends, they talk about playing, which is really an
__________ （annoy）.
annoyance
[解析] 句意为：更糟糕的是，当我和我的一些朋友聊天时，他们谈论的都是关于玩的话题，这真是一件使人烦恼的事。本句中的annoyance意为“使人烦恼的事”，为可数名词。
7. relate
relate在语法填空中的考法涉及：考查固定搭配。常考查动词短语relate to以及形容词related的固定搭配related to作后置定语。
例1 Although our moods relate ___ having various food, it is not quite as simple as choosing the food
for the right occasions.
to
[解析] 句意为：虽然我们的心情与吃各种各样的食物有关，但这并不像为适当的场合选择相应的食物那么简单。
例2 Chinese calligraphy, which has a long history, is a kind of visual art _______ （relate） to writing.
related
[解析] 句意为：中国书法有着悠久的历史，是一种与书写相关的视觉艺术。
8. involve
involve在语法填空中的考法涉及:考查词性转换。常考查其转换为形容词involved及其固定短语be/get involved in/with。
例1 You are letting them get involved _______ your new life.
in/with
例2 A great way to get _________ （involve） in the celebration is to join a Mandarin class or attend
one of the many Confucius Institutes （孔子学院） which are set up by China in countries around the
world.
involved
时文领读
主题：人与自然——自然环境保护
体裁：说明文
词数：280
难度：中
阅读用时：6分钟
背景导入：联合国（UN）的一份报告指出，各国未能采取必要的行动以避免气候变化带来的最坏影响。 除非各国政府紧急出台额外的措施，否则将无法履行在《巴黎协定》（Paris Agreement）中作出的承诺。
阅读技巧：训练猜测词义和推理判断的能力。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
or为并列连词，意 为“否则” The UN says the world must redouble its efforts or it'll face catastrophic① climate change. 段落大意第一段点明
主题：世界各国必须
加倍努力，否则将面
临灾难性的气候变
化。
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
fail to do sth未能做某事 needed to avoid… 为过去分词短语作 后置定语 made in the… 为过去分词短语作定语，修饰 commitments unless引导条件状语从句 bring… under control 把……控制住 Countries are failing to take action needed to avoid the worst effects of climate change, a UN report has found, and the commitments made in the Paris Agreement will not be met unless governments introduce additional measures as a matter of urgency②. Greenhouse gas emissions continued their long-term rise last year, according to the UN, but they could be brought under control. There are promising③ signs, such as investment from the private sector in renewable energy and other technologies to cut carbon, but these are currently insufficient to meet scientific advice. 段落大意第二段指出
目前在节能减排方面
存在的问题。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
There is still a tremendous gap between… and… 在……和……之间 仍有巨大的差距 agreed by… 为过 去分词短语作后置 定语 Gunnar Luderer, one of the authors of the UN report and senior scientist at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany, said,“There is still a tremendous④ gap between words and deeds, between the targets agreed by governments and the measures to achieve these goals. Only a rapid turnround⑤ here can help. Emissions must be reduced by a quarter by 2030 and for 1. 5℃, emissions would have to be halved. ” 词义猜测
What does the underlined word “insufficient” in Paragraph 2 mean
表转折的连词but连接并列句，前面的分句讲到出现了一些让人们看到希望的迹象，由but可知，前后的分句在语义上发生转折，后面的分句应该讲的是这些措施目前还不足以达到科学建议的标准。由此推知，insufficient是“不足的；不够的”之意。
段落大意第三段介绍了联合国这份报告的
作者之一对该问题的看法。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
to bring down emissions为不定式短语作定语，修饰 policies All in all总之 meeting scientific advice… 为现在分词短语作状语 while连接并列 句，意为“然而；而” New taxes on fossil fuels, investment in clean technology and much stronger government policies to bring down emissions are likely to be necessary. Governments must also stop subsidising⑥ fossil fuels, directly and indirectly, the UN said. All in all, a doubling of effort may be needed to keep warming to less than 2℃, meeting scientific advice on staving off⑦ the most dangerous effects of climate change. Joyce Msuya, executive director of the UN Environment Programme, said, “The science is clear; for all the ambitious climate action we've seen, governments need to move faster and with greater urgency. We're feeding this fire, while the means to put it out are within reach. ” 推理判断What is Gunnar Luderer's
attitude to current reduction in emissions 根据第三段中的 There is still a tremendous gap between words and
deeds, between the targets… and the
measures… Only a rapid turnround here
can help. 可推知，冈纳·卢德尔对当前各国政府在节能减排方面作出的努力是不满意的。
段落大意第四段指出应对全球变暖必须采取的一些措施。
续表
知识点击 原 文 结构分析·阅读技巧
①catastrophic adj. 灾难性的 ②urgency n. 紧迫 ③promising adj. 有希望的；有前途的 ④tremendous adj. 巨大的 ⑤turnround n. 好转；起色；转机;转变 ⑥subsidise vt. 给……补贴 ⑦stave off 挡开；避开
续表
【译文】
联合国表示，全世界必须加倍努力，否则将面临灾难性的气候变化。
联合国的一份报告发现，各国未能采取必要的行动以避免气候变化带来的最坏影响，除非各国政府紧急出台额外的措施，否则将无法履行在《巴黎协定》中作出的承诺。据联合国称，去年温室气体排放量继续保持长期增长的态势，但排放量是可以得到控制的。虽然出现了一些让人们看到希望的迹象，例如私营企业对可再生能源和其他减少碳排放的技术进行投资，但是目前这些措施还没有达到科学的减排建议所要求的标准。
联合国这份报告的作者之一、德国波茨坦气候影响研究所的资深科学家冈纳·卢德尔表示:“政府的承诺和行动、商定的目标与为实现这些目标所采取的措施之间，仍存在巨大差距。此时只有迅速扭转局面才能有所帮助。到2030年，（温室气体）排放量必须减少四分之一，而要想（使全球升温）不超过1. 5摄氏度，（温室气体）排放量必须减半。”
对化石燃料征收新税、投资清洁技术以及采取更强有力的政府政策以减少排放量，这些可能都是必要的。联合国表示，各国政府还必须停止直接地或间接地补贴化石燃料。总而言之，要将全球升温控制在2摄氏度以内，可能需要加倍努力，才能达到科学的减排建议所要求的标准，从而避免气候变化带来的最危险的影响。联合国环境规划署执行主任乔伊丝·姆苏亚表示:“科学是无可置疑的；对于我们所见的所有雄心勃勃的气候行动，政府仍需要更快、更紧迫地行动起来。我们正在助长（全球变暖）这场大火，然而扑灭这场大火的方法触手可及。”
真题展示
[全国新高考Ⅱ2021·B篇] I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs （幼兽） that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving—but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2. 5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.
1.Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home ( )
A
A.To ensure their survival. B.To observe their differences.
C.To teach them life skills. D.To let them play with his kids.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home. 可知，全球范围内的动物园中有三分之一的苏门答腊虎虎崽无法活到成年，因此作者为了让虎崽们活下来，把它们带回家中全天候照顾。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文讲述了身为动物管理员的作者为了提高虎崽的成活率，把它们带回家饲养的故事。虽然有全家人的精心照顾，但四个月大的虎崽不再适合家养，作者便将它们安全送回动物园。
2.What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3 ( )
A
A.Behave badly. B.Lose their way. C.Sleep soundly. D.Miss their mom.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据第三段画线部分后一句We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo. 可知，作者一家人晚间睡觉时，作者会把虎崽们关在一间屋子里，否则第二天会发现家里乱七八糟的，像进了动物园一样，所以这里指虎崽们很淘气，它们会“捣乱”（把房间弄得乱糟糟的）。behave badly意为“表现不好；行为不佳”，与get up to mischief含义接近。故选A项。
3.What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home ( )
B
A.Boring. B.Tiring. C.Costly. D.Risky.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Things quickly got very intense… There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. 可知，照顾虎崽耗费了作者大量精力，令他感到疲惫。由此可知，作者认为在家饲养虎崽是件非常辛苦的事情。故选B项。
4.Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo ( )
B
A.They frightened the children. B.They became difficult to contain.
C.They annoyed the neighbours. D.They started fighting each other.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的… they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. 可知，虎崽们四个月大的时候，开始学着开门，跳过栅栏。由此推知，家里已经困不住它们了，所以需要把它们送回动物园。故选B项。
【微技能】词义猜测题的解题策略
词义猜测可以是猜测一个单词的含义，也可以是猜测一个短语或句子的含义；既可以是生词含义，也可以是熟词生义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的含义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。词义猜测主要的解题策略有：
（1）依据标点符号猜测词义。破折号、冒号、引号和括号等常常起到解释说明的作用，它们是猜测词义最直接的信号。
（2）依据同义词、近义词或反义词的对比关系猜测词义。作者可能会使用or这样的词对画线词进行解释，或在下文中使用同义词或近义词以避免重复。另外，运用对比手法描述事物或现象以提供相反信息，也是一种常用的写作手法。此外，还可以依据词性变化和词义变化（词义引申）来猜测词义。
（3）依据定义解释猜测词义。在科普说明文、科技新闻等阅读材料中，因为经常会介绍一些新知识，所以作者可能会使用下定义或解释概念的方法来解释某一名词或概念。通常会先定义后解释或者先说明后结论。
（4）依据语境的逻辑推理猜测词义。定位上下文中表示逻辑关系的关键词句，通过因果、递进、对比、转折等逻辑关系，确定画线词所在句与上下文的关系，从而猜测词义。