2023年高三高考英语外刊阅读理解训练：如何对待耻辱 ——改编自How to deal with Humiliation（含解析）

23年高考英语外刊阅读理解训练——如何对待耻辱
——改编自How to deal with Humiliation
Humiliation is a feeling that many of us have experienced at one time or another. It's the sensation of wanting to hide or disappear when someone makes us feel small or belittles us. But what exactly is humiliation, and how can we learn to move on from it
Humiliation is often compared to shame, but there is a key difference between the two. Shame is something we feel we deserve, while humiliation is not. Instead, humiliation is more related to bullying or harassment. As Neel Burton M.D explains, humiliation occurs when someone undermines our claims to expertise or authority, such as saying "I'm good at my job" or "I know a lot about this hobby."
Imagine you're in a meeting with your boss, and your colleague unfairly criticizes your work in front of everyone. Or maybe a friend questions your knowledge of a subject in front of your other friends. These are examples of public dressing-downs that can lead to feelings of humiliation. However, it's worth noting that public humiliation has a range of forms and uses in society. Some argue that it acts as a deterrent for crime, while others use it for comedic effect.
So, if you've been humiliated, what should you do Psychologist Robert J. Sternberg suggests several steps you can take. First, accept the feeling of humiliation and realize that you're not alone – talk to others who have gone through similar experiences and try to move on. Don't feel the need to strike back immediately; often, humiliation has little to do with personal attacks.
Finally, resilience is essential to moving past humiliation. It's often said that what doesn't kill us only makes us stronger, and while humiliation won't literally harm us, it can be painful. Instead of dwelling on the negative feelings, use them as motivation to excel even further in your work or hobbies. Invest your energy into doing something you love, and you might even uncover an unexpected benefit.
In conclusion, humiliation is a negative feeling that can be difficult to deal with. However, by accepting it and working towards resilience, we can move past these experiences and grow as individuals.
【重点词汇】
1. Humiliation [`hju m l 'e ( )n] n. 羞辱、耻辱
2. Sensation [sen'se ( )n] n. 感觉、知觉
3. Belittle [b 'l t( )l] v. 贬低、轻视
4. Bullying ['b li ] n. 恐吓、霸凌
5. Harassment ['h r sm nt] n. 骚扰、烦扰
6. Expertise [`eksp :ti:z] n. 专业技能、专门知识
7. Authority [ :'θ r t ] n. 权威、权力
8. Dressing-down ['dres da n] n. 斥责、训斥
9. Deterrent [d 't :r nt] n. 威慑
edic [k 'mi:dik] adj. 喜剧的、滑稽的
11. Resilience [r 'z lj ns] n. 恢复力、适应力
12. Deserve [d 'z :v] v. 应受、值得
13. Range [re nd ] n. 范围、幅度
14. Criticize ['kr t sa z] v. 批评、指责
15. Colleague ['k li ɡ] n. 同事、同僚
16. Unfairly [ n'fe l ] adv. 不公正地、不合理地
17. Question [ kw st n] v. 质疑、询问
18. Personal [ p rs nl] adj. 个人的、私人的
19. Painful ['pe nf( )l] adj. 痛苦的、疼痛的
20. Excel [ k'sel] v. 擅长、胜出
21. Motivation [`m t 've ( )n] n. 动力、动机
22. Unexpected [` n k'spekt d] adj. 意外的、出乎意料的
23. Feeling ['fi l ] n. 感觉、情感
24. Realize ['ri la z] v. 实现、认识到
25. Challenge ['t l nd ] v. 挑战、质疑
26. Authority [' θ r t ] n. 权威、权力
27. Public ['p bl k] adj. 公共的、公开的
28. Dressing ['dres ] n. 打扮、装束
29. Note [n t] v. 注意、注释
30. Form [f m] n. 形式、表格
31. Use [ju:s] n. 用途、使用
32. Society [s 'sa t ] n. 社会、社团
33. Argue ['ɑrgju:] v. 争论、辩论
34. Literally ['l t( )r l ] adv. 确实地、逐字地
35. Harm [hɑ m] v. 伤害、危害
36. Invest [ n'vest] v. 投资、投入
37. Energy ['en d i] n. 能量、精力
38. Uncover [` n'k v (r)] v. 掀开、揭露
39. Difficult ['d f k lt] adj. 困难的、不易的
40. Individual [` nd 'v dj l] n. 个体、个人
41. Key [ki ] adj. 关键的、重要的
42. Difference ['d f( )r ns] n. 区别、差异
43. Undermine [` nd 'ma n] v. 破坏、削弱
44. Claim [kle m] n. 声称、主张
45. Highlight ['ha la t] v. 强调、突出
46. Strike [stra k] v. 打击、攻击
47. Personal [ p rs nl] adj. 个人的、私人的
48. Work [w :k] n. 工作、作品
49. Criticism ['kr t s z( )m] n. 批评、指责
50. Friend [frend] n. 朋友、友人
【阅读理解练习题】
1. According to the passage, what is the difference between shame and humiliation
A. Shame results from public criticism, while humiliation comes from feeling belittled.
B. Shame is related to bullying or harassment, while humiliation is something we think we deserve.
C. Humiliation leads to feelings of wanting to hide, while shame leads to anger.
D. Shame is used for comedic effect, while humiliation is often seen as a deterrent for crime.
答案：B 难度：简单 解析：根据文章第二段，可以得知精神医生Neel Burton对屈辱的定义，并指出shame和humiliation之间的关键区别在于“不应该”的感觉。因此选B。
2. What is an example of public humiliation given in the article
A. Laughing at someone for being clumsy.
B. Criticizing someone's work in private.
C. Yelling at someone for making a mistake.
D. Questioning someone's knowledge in front of friends.
答案：D 难度：简单 解析：文章提到公共羞辱可以采用多种形式，例如例子中朋友在其他朋友面前质疑你对某个主题的了解水平。因此选D。
3. According to the passage, how should people deal with feelings of humiliation
A. Strike back immediately.
B. Pretend it never happened.
C. Invest energy into doing something they love.
D. Blame others for their humiliation.
答案：C 难度：简单 解析：根据文章最后一段可以得知，在处理羞辱时，人们应该接受它，努力发展韧性并将精力投入自己喜欢的事情中。因此选C。
4. What is suggested to be the cause of humiliation
A. A general lack of confidence.
B. Feelings of anger towards others.
C. Having one's expertise or authority questioned.
D. Receiving constructive criticism.
答案：C 难度：简单 解析：根据文章第二段和第三段可以得到答案，屈辱感发生在别人质疑我们作为专业人士或权威声明的措辞时,如“我擅长我的工作”或“我对这个爱好很了解”。因此选C。
5. According to the article, what are some uses of public humiliation in society
A. To create feelings of power and control.
B. To promote self-reflection and growth.
C. To entertain others through comedy.
D. To punish criminal behavior as a deterrent.
答案：D 难度：简单 解析：根据第三段，社会上使用羞辱的原因有许多种，其中一些人认为它可以视为对犯罪行为的威慑力量。因此选D。
6. What is resilience, as mentioned in the passage
A. The ability to withstand physical harm.
B. The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties.
C. The willingness to fight back against those who humiliate us.
D. The need to dwell on negative emotions.
答案：B 难度：简单 解析：根据文章最后一段, resilience指的是从屈辱中迅速恢复并继续前进的能力。因此选B。
7. What is the central message of this article
A. That humiliation is inevitable, and we must learn to accept it.
B. How to use public humiliation as a tool for personal growth.
C. The importance of resilience in overcoming feelings of humiliation.
D. Why people feel humiliated and what can be done to prevent it.
答案: C 难度：中等 解析：根据文章内容可以得出，这篇文章的中心思想是人们应该接受屈辱的感觉并努力发展韧性以度过这种情况。因此选C。
8. What does the passage suggest about the use of humiliation as a form of punishment or entertainment
A. It is always ineffective.
B. It serves a specific purpose in society.
C. It should never be used under any circumstances.
D. It causes more harm than good.
答案：B 难度：中等 解析：根据第三段，一些人认为使用羞辱在某些情况下可能是合适的，例如作为对犯罪行为的惩罚或戏剧效果。因此选B。
【全文逐句对照翻译】
羞辱是我们很多人都经历过的一种感觉。
Humiliation is a feeling that many of us have experienced at one time or another.
当有人让我们感到渺小或轻视我们时，我们想要隐藏或消失的感觉。
It's the sensation of wanting to hide or disappear when someone makes us feel small or belittles us.
但羞辱到底是什么，我们又该如何从中走出来呢
But what exactly is humiliation, and how can we learn to move on from it
人们经常把羞辱和羞耻相提并论，但这两者之间有一个关键的区别。
Humiliation is often compared to shame, but there is a key difference between the two.
我们觉得羞耻是我们应得的，而羞辱不是。
Shame is something we feel we deserve, while humiliation is not.
相反，羞辱更多地与欺凌或骚扰有关。
Instead, humiliation is more related to bullying or harassment.
尼尔·伯顿医学博士解释说，当有人削弱我们的专业知识或权威时，羞辱就会发生，比如说“我很擅长我的工作”或“我对这个爱好很了解”。
As Neel Burton M.D explains, humiliation occurs when someone undermines our claims to expertise or authority, such as saying "I'm good at my job" or "I know a lot about this hobby."
想象一下，你正在和老板开会，你的同事在大家面前不公平地批评你的工作。
Imagine you're in a meeting with your boss, and your colleague unfairly criticizes your work in front of everyone.
或者一个朋友在你的其他朋友面前质疑你对某一学科的知识。
Or maybe a friend questions your knowledge of a subject in front of your other friends.
这些都是公开斥责的例子，可能会导致羞辱感。
These are examples of public dressing-downs that can lead to feelings of humiliation.
然而，值得注意的是，公开羞辱在社会上有多种形式和用途。
However, it's worth noting that public humiliation has a range of forms and uses in society.
一些人认为它可以起到威慑犯罪的作用，而另一些人则把它用作喜剧效果。
Some argue that it acts as a deterrent for crime, while others use it for comedic effect.
所以，如果你被羞辱了，你该怎么做
So, if you've been humiliated, what should you do
心理学家Robert J. Sternberg建议你可以采取几个步骤。
Psychologist Robert J. Sternberg suggests several steps you can take.
首先，接受屈辱的感觉，意识到你并不孤单——和有类似经历的人谈谈，试着继续前进。
First, accept the feeling of humiliation and realize that you're not alone – talk to others who have gone through similar experiences and try to move on.
不要觉得有必要立即反击;
Don't feel the need to strike back immediately;
通常，羞辱与人身攻击关系不大。
often, humiliation has little to do with personal attacks.
最后，韧性是走出屈辱的关键。
Finally, resilience is essential to moving past humiliation.
人们常说，杀不死我们的东西只会让我们更强大，虽然羞辱不会真正伤害我们，但它会让人痛苦。
It's often said that what doesn't kill us only makes us stronger, and while humiliation won't literally harm us, it can be painful.
与其沉湎于消极情绪，不如将其作为在工作或爱好上更进一步的动力。
Instead of dwelling on the negative feelings, use them as motivation to excel even further in your work or hobbies.
把你的精力投入到你喜欢的事情上，你甚至可能会发现意想不到的好处。
Invest your energy into doing something you love, and you might even uncover an unexpected benefit.
总之，羞辱是一种很难处理的消极情绪。
In conclusion, humiliation is a negative feeling that can be difficult to deal with.
然而，通过接受它并努力恢复，我们可以超越这些经历并成长为个人。
However, by accepting it and working towards resilience, we can move past these experiences and grow as individuals.