【词，句重难点课件】 人教版（2019）Unit 1 Period Ⅲ Using Language & Assessing Your Progress 选择性必修二

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Unit 1
Science and Scientists
Period Ⅲ
Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
敲黑板
1.语言知识：cast, pour, defend, assistant, gifted, break out, in charge of, come down, above all, “否定词+比较级”结构，“be+adj.+enough to do sth”结构，状语从句的省略，“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构等。
2.语言技能：能够完成就科学精神发表观点的文章，能够描述伟大科学家的精神品质。
必刷词汇
1.________ n.彩虹
rainbow
2.plasma n.______
血浆
3.aerospace n.______________
航空航天工业
4.patriotic adj.________
爱国的
5.aviation n._____________________
航空制造业;航空;飞行
6.jet n.____________
喷气式飞机
7.missile n.______
导弹
8._________ n.望远镜
telescope
9._____ vt.（过去式_____, 过去分词_____） 投射;向……投以（视线、笑容等）;投掷
cast
cast
cast
10.________ n.阴影;影子;背光处
shadow
11._________ n.混凝土 adj.混凝土制的;确实的;具体的
concrete
12.__________ n.领导;领导地位;领导才能
leadership
13.______ vt.追溯;追踪;查出 n.痕迹;遗迹;踪迹
trace
14.___________ adj.优秀的;杰出的;明显的近 ①remarkable adj.非凡的；不寻常的；显著的 ②
extraordinary adj.非凡的；出色的
outstanding
15.________ adj.抽象的;理论上的 n.（文献等的）摘要
abstract
16.________ n.概念;观念
concept
17.________ prep.除……之外（还） adv.而且;此外
besides
18.________ adj.聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的
brilliant
19.___________ adv.此外;再者 近 _________ adv.此外；而且
furthermore
moreover
20._____ n.弱点;过错 派 ______ adj.有错误的；有缺陷的
fault
faulty
21._____ n.改变;转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移;挪动;转向
shift
22._______ vt.保卫;防守;辩解
联想 ①________ n.保护；防御②_________ adj.防御的；保护的
defend
defence
defensive
23.______ adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的派 _______ adv.生动地；鲜明地
vivid
vividly
24.___________ adj.机械的;发动机的；机器的
联想 ①_________ n.机械师;机械修理工 ②_________ n.机器；机械装置
mechanical
mechanic
machine
25._________ n.助理;助手
联想 ①______ vi.& vt.帮助；援助 ②__________ n.帮助
assistant
assist
assistance
26.______ adj.有天赋的;有天才的；天资聪慧的
近 ________ adj.有天资的
联想 _____ n.天赋；天才 近 ______ n.天赋
gifted
talented
gift
talent
27._______ adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的
派________ adv.平稳地；稳定地
steady
steadily
28.___________ n.天文学家
联想 __________ n.天文学
astronomer
astronomy
29._____ vt.倒出;倾泻;斟（饮料）
搭配 _____… _____… 向……倒入……
pour
pour
into
e down______________________
患（病）;染上（小病）
31.______ ____ （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始;爆发
break
out
32.___ _______ ___ 主管;掌管
联想 ___ ____ _______ ___ 由……负责
in
charge
of
in
the
charge
of
33._______ ____ 最重要的是;尤其是
above
all
核心词汇
… it casts different shadows of you… ……它投射出你不同的影子……
教材P6
1 cast
① vt.（cast, cast） 投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷；
释义·理解
cast vt.
①make light, a shadow, etc. appear
②look, smile, etc.in a particular direction
③throw sb/sth somewhere
④throw one end of a fishing line into a river, etc.
⑤choose actors抛（钓钩）；选派角色
cast a look/smile/glance （at sb） 朝（某人）看/微笑/瞥一眼
cast a net/a fishing line撒网/抛钓线
cast a shadow/cloud over sth 给某事蒙上阴影
cast… over/on/across… 在……上投射……
cast sb as… 选定某人扮演某角色
She cast a welcoming smile in his direction.她向他微笑以示欢迎。
Some way from them, the fisherman cast his net.在离他们稍远的地方，渔夫撒下了网。
Common poverty are troubling many less developed countries, casting a shadow over their development.普遍贫困困扰着许多欠发达国家，使其发展不容乐观。
② n.［C］演员阵容；全体演员；投；掷
The film has a strong cast that includes several famous names.这部电影有很强的演员阵容，其中包括几位著名影星。
特别注意
当cast意为“全体演员”且作主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调整体中的每一个，谓语动词用复数。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The moon cast a brilliant light _____________ the garden.
across/over/on
2.The whole cast _________ （be） very professional and worked hard in rehearsals.
was/were
二、翻译句子。
1.这起交通事故给我们的心灵蒙上了一层阴影。
______________________________________________
The traffic accident cast a shadow over our hearts.
2.我代表全体演员向各位观众致谢。
_________________________________________________________________
On behalf of the whole cast, I convey my thanks to all of the audience.
3.警察用猜疑的目光瞟了那个陌生人一眼。
_________________________________________________
The policeman cast a suspicious glance at the stranger.
4.太阳在平静的海面上投下金色的光辉。
_________________________________________________
The sun cast golden rays on/over/across the calm sea.
A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure on it, it suddenly becomes hard as concrete.非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以像倒液体一样把它倒出来，但是如果你对它施加任何压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样坚硬。
教材P7
2 pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料） vi.（雨）倾盆而下；（液体）涌流；涌进；涌出
Please pour me another cup of tea.请再给我倒杯茶。
It never rains but it pours.不雨则已，一雨倾盆。（祸不单行。）［谚语］
Tears of happiness poured down her cheeks.幸福的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。
pour out 倾诉；倒出
pour out of… 从……涌出/倒出
pour down 下大雨
pour in大量地涌进来
pour into… 涌入……；（水、阳光等）倾泻至……
pour sth into sth 把某物倒入某物中；大量投入金钱于某事物
She poured out all her troubles to him. 她向他倾诉了自己所有的烦恼。
With relief aid pouring in, rescue teams struggled to reach remote areas.随着赈灾救助纷至沓来，救援队奋力抵达偏远地区。
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.自古希腊时代起，人们就开始涌入体育场。［2021全国乙］
Companies continue to pour money into sports despite challenging economic times.尽管经济形势严峻，数家公司仍在继续向体育运动投入资金。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Although I _______________ （pour） it carefully, I still spilt some.
（had） poured
2.Thick black smoke was pouring ____ of the roof.
out
3.He was pouring ____ four glasses of champagne.
out
4.Letters of complaint continue to pour ___.
in
二、翻译句子。
1.他满头大汗。
________________________________
Sweat was pouring down his face.
2.外面正下着倾盆大雨。
____________________________
It's pouring （down） outside.
3.首先，将混合物倒入准备好的平底锅中。
_________________________________________
First, pour the mixture into the prepared pan.
However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country.然而，在1932年淞沪会战打响后，钱学森决定改学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
教材P7
3 break out （战争、打斗、疾病、灾难等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发
Dark clouds were gathering in the skies over Europe.War was soon to break out.欧洲上空乌云密布，战争即将爆发。
I was in a nearby restaurant when a fire disaster broke out.火灾发生时，我正在附近的一家饭店。
含有break的其他常用短语
break away from （从……）逃脱；脱离（……）；突然挣脱（……）
break in 强行进入；打断谈话（后不加宾语）
break into 强行闯入；突然开始（后加宾语）
break off 停顿；折断；突然终止
break through 突破；冲破
break down 出故障；消除（隔阂等）；崩溃；垮掉；（使）分解
break up 解散；（学校）放假；结束；分解；破碎
break up with sb 与某人绝交/分手
We hope to break through soon in the fight against Aids.我们希望在与艾滋病的斗争中很快有所突破。
The telephone system has broken down.电话系统瘫痪了。
Their marriage has broken up.他们的婚姻已经破裂。［《牛津高阶》］
Thieves broke in and stole$10,000 worth of computer equipment.窃贼破门而入,盗走了价值10,000美元的计算机设备。
There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house.附近可能没有人看见他试图闯入这栋房子。
定向练3
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.As the president's car arrived, the crowd broke _____ applause.
into
2.Don't break ___ when I am talking with others.
in
3.Scientists think they are beginning to break ________ in the field of cancer research.
through
4.The students are encouraged to break ______ from bad habits.
away
5.He broke ____ in the middle of a sentence.
off
6.Her health broke ______ under the pressure of work.
down
二、翻译句子。
1.每个人都应该知道发生洪灾时要做什么。
______________________________________________________
Everyone should know what to do when a flood breaks out.
2.我们怎样才能消除偏见呢？
__________________________________
How can we break down prejudices
4 defend vt.&vi.保卫；防守 vt.辩解
释义·理解
defend
①protect sb/sth from attack
②say or write sth in support of sb/sth that has been criticised
You must have the courage to defendyour ideas in front of your classmates.你得有勇气在同学们面前为你的观点辩护。
It is our duty to rebuild and defendour homeland.重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。
defend oneself （from/against） 自卫；自我辩护
defend… against/from… 保护……免受……
defend against防御
All our officers are trained to defend themselves against knife attacks. 我们所有的警察都接受过自卫训练，能够对付持刀袭击。［《牛津高阶》］
The wall was built to . .defendthe road frombeing submerged by the sea. 修建这堵墙是为了保护这条路不被海水淹没。
The country cannot defend againstsuch an attack.这个国家无法防御此种袭击。
①defence （〈美〉defense） n.防御；保卫；辩护
in defence of… 为保卫/捍卫/保护……；为……辩护
There were many soldiers who died in defence of their country.有许多为保卫祖国而献身的战士。
②defensive adj.防御的；保护的；保卫的
定向练4
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Attack is said to be the best form of _______________ （defend）.
defence/defense
2.White blood cells help defend the body ____________ infection.
against/from
3.The man was to make a reply ___ defence of his friend when he entered the room again.
in
二、翻译句子。
1.不论代价是什么，我们都要抵御敌人，保卫我们的城市。（defend… against…; cost）
_______________________________________________________________
We shall defend our city against the enemy whatever the cost may be.
2.我愿意为自己的构想辩护。 （defend）
_______________________________
I am willing to defend my ideas.
As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s, Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion… 二十世纪三十年代，作为加州理工学院的研究生助教，钱学森协助开展了火箭推进的重要研究……
教材P7
5 assistant n.助理；助手
His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class, whose creativity would infect other students.他的出现意味着我的课上有了一位出人意料的助教，他的创造力会感染其他学生。
①assist vi.& vt.援助；帮助；协助
assist （sb） in/with sth 在某方面帮助（某人）
assist sb in doing sth 帮助某人做某事
They decided to assist. .me with my chores.他们决定帮助我做家务。
He asked us to assist him in carrying through his plan.他要我们帮助他实施他的计划。
②assistance n.［U］援助；帮助；支持
come to sb's assistance 帮助某人
with the assistance of sb/sth在某人/某物的帮助下
Since 1976 he has been operating the shop with the assistance of volunteers.从1976年开始，他就在志愿者的帮助下经营这家店。
定向练5
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The boss wanted an _________ （assist） with knowledge of French and working experience.
assistant
2.[江苏·改编] The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical
__________ （assist）.
assistance
3.I'd appreciate it if you could assist me ___ finishing the experiment.
in
4.He was of great __________ （assist） to me in research for my books.
assistance
5.______ the assistance of the natives, he found the country doctor quickly.
With
He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme.他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎。他不仅受命负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。
教材P8
6 in charge of 主管；掌管
in charge of 主管；掌管（主语是人）
in the charge of 由……负责；由……管理（主语是被管理的对象，of后接负责人/管理者）
I'm not in charge of the department; I have two people over me.我不是这个部门的主管，我还有两位上级。
While our manager is away on business, our company will be in the charge of Mr Zhang.经理在外出差的时候，我们公司将由张先生管理。
charge
①n.费用；价钱；猛冲；负责；主管；电量；指控
free of charge 免费
on charge 在充电的
take charge of 接管；负责
under/in one's charge 由某人负责/主管
②v.收费；要价；充电；猛冲；指控
charge sb for sth 因某事/物向某人收费
charge at… 冲向……
charge sb with （doing） sth 指控某人（做）某事
Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free… 这些服务项目中有很多非但不向消费者索要高价，反而是免费的……
Alex had forgotten to charge his battery.亚历克斯忘记给他的电池充电了。
The police have charged Mr Bell with murder.警方指控贝尔先生谋杀。
定向练6
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
Last month, a new man was appointed to take charge 1. . the company.All the departments were
in 2. .charge of him.However, he was charged 3. .bribe-taking yesterday, because he accepted a
large amount of money from a manager 4. .charge of the manufacturing.
of
the
with
in
二、翻译句子。
1.这所学校将免费提供许多书。（被动语态）
_____________________________________________________
Many books will be provided free of charge by the school.
2.半打鸡蛋他收我们两美元。
_____________________________________________
He charged us two dollars for half a dozen eggs.
3.那辆车全速向她冲去。
__________________________________
The car charged at her at full speed.
4.首先，我们要把手机充上电。（have sth done）
_____________________________________________
First, we need to have the mobile phone charged.
Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.史蒂芬·霍金是最有名且最有天赋的物理学家之一。
教材P8
7 gifted adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的
To be frank, you are a gifted dancer.老实说，你是一名有天赋的舞蹈演员。
be gifted with 具有（令人愉快的特质）
be gifted in/at… 在……方面有天赋
He was gifted with a charming smile.他有迷人的微笑。
have/show a gift for （doing） sth在（做）某事上有天赋/表现出天赋
The girl . .has a gift for learning languages.这个女孩在学习语言方面有天赋。
talented adj.有天赋的
gift n.［C］天赋；才能；礼物；赠品
定向练7
一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.The boy is gifted _____ music.He can play the piano wonderfully.
in/at
[解析] 句意为：这个男孩有音乐天赋。他能把钢琴弹得很好。
2.Mr Bean is gifted _____ a sense of humour,which attracts millions of audience.
with
[解析] 句意为：憨豆先生具有幽默感，这种幽默感吸引了数百万的观众。
二、翻译句子。
既然你在唱歌方面如此有天赋，为什么不报名参加那个唱歌比赛呢？（a gift for）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
__________
Now that/Since you have such a gift for singing, why not/why don't you sign up for the singing competition
Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought.自从得了一种使他失去大部分肌肉功能的疾病后，他的世界就变成了一个抽象的思维世界。
教材P8
含有come的其他常用短语
come about发生；产生
come across偶然发现；偶遇；被理解
come out出版;发表；结果是；（太阳等）显现；开花；（消息、真相等）被获知
come up（困难或问题）出现;走近；（话题、议题等）被提起
come up with想出，想到（主意、建议、答案等）
8 come down 患（病）；染上（小病）
How did the differences between British English and American English come about 英式英语和美式英语之间的不同是怎样形成的？
The book comes out this week. 该书本周出版。
There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day.毫无疑问总有一天会真相大白。
A number of useful suggestions came up at the meeting.会上（人们）提出了很多有用的建议。
Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.成员中有几位提出了自己的建议。
定向练8
用适当的介词或副词填空。
1.I'm afraid I'll have to cancel our date—something has come ____.
up
[解析] 句意为：恐怕我得取消我们的约会了——出了点事情。
2.The flowers are about to come ____.
out
[解析] 句意为：花即将盛开。
3.He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not really come _______.
across
[解析] 句意为：他讲了很长时间，但并没有人真正理解他的意思。
4.How did it come ______ that he knew where we were
about
[解析] 句意为：他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？
5.No one has come up _____ a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs died out.
with
[解析] 句意为：尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝作出一个令人信服的解释。
6.The boy has come ______ with flu.
down
[解析] 句意为：这个男孩得了流行性感冒。
Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults.最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。
教材P9
9 above all 最重要的是；尤其是
Above all, we must be honest.最重要的是，我们必须诚实。
I'd like to buy a house—modern, comfortable, and above all in a quiet neighbourhood.我想买一幢房子，要现代，要舒适，最重要的是周围要安静。
含有all的其他常用短语
first of all首先（强调事物的顺序）
after all毕竟；终究
all in all总的说来
in all共计；总共（常接在数据之后）
at all完全（不），一点（都不）（常与not连用）
定向练9
用all的相关短语完成句子。
1.Our goods compete in terms of product quality, reliability and __________ variety.
above all
2.Forty-five percent of adults in Britain ______ are exposed to tobacco smoke at home.
in all
3.He is very naughty, but ________ he is a child.
after all
4.__________, modern science does help push human history forward.
All in all
5.___________, could I begin with an apology for a mistake I made last week
First of all
6.There is no doubt ______ that we did the right thing.
at all
1
【句意】也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
教材P7
“否定词+比较级”结构
否定词not, never, nothing, no等与形容词或副词的比较级连用时，表示最高级含义。
The news couldn't have come at a better time.这消息来得再及时不过了。
Mr Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been more popular. 布莱克先生非常高兴，因为他工厂里生产的衣服从未如此受人欢迎。
A person who wishes to be wise, cannot do better than enquire into the past experience of mankind. 一个人要想成为智者，最好的方法是研究人类过去的经验。
定向练1
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I have never heard a（n） _______________ （interesting） story.
more interesting
2.There is nothing ______ （good） than sharing your happiness with others.
better
二、翻译句子。
1.I couldn't agree more.
______________
我完全赞同。
2.没有比躺在暖阳下的沙滩上更美的事儿了。
__________________________________________________________
There's nothing better than lying on the beach in the warm sun.
2
【句意】霍金第一次出名是在1964年，当时他还是剑桥大学物理系的一名研究生，身体健康，还能走路。
教材P8
“be+adj.+enough to do sth”结构
①该结构表示“足够……去做某事”，其中动词不定式作结果状语。
You are old enough to earn your own living.你的年龄足够大了，可以自己谋生了。
The question is easy enough for him to answer.这个问题够简单的了，他能回答上来。
②此结构可以与“主语+be+so+adj.+that引导的结果状语从句”或“主语+be+so+adj.+as to do sth（结果状语）”互换。
She was kind enough to lend me the book.= She was so kind that she lent me the book.=She was so kind as to lend me the book.她真好，把书借给我看。
定向练2
一、在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.You are smart enough ________ （raise） objections at the meeting.
to raise
2.I regret to inform you that you are not qualified enough _____________ （choose） as our
representative.
to be chosen
二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.足够勇敢参加这次探险的学生会学到许多技能。（enough）
____________________________________ to take this exploration will learn a lot of skills.
Students （who/that are） brave enough
2.河上的冰已经足够厚，我们可以在上面滑冰了。（enough）
The ice on the river is _____________________________.
thick enough for us to skate on
三、句型转换。
He is calm enough to face danger.
①He is so ______ ___ ___ _____ _______.
calm
as
to
face
danger
②He is so ______ that ____ _____ _____ _______.
calm
he
can
face
danger
3
【句意】除了聪明以外，他还很勇敢，虽然有时说话或做事很漫不经心。
教材P9
状语从句的省略
状语从句中，若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同，且谓语动词中含有be动词时，可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。省略后的结构为：连词+现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式/介词短语/adj./adv./n.。
While （he was） walking the streets yesterday, he came across an old friend.昨天在超市闲逛的时候，他遇到了一位老朋友。
When （he was） asked about the question, he said nothing.被问到这个问题时，他什么都没有说。
He opened his mouth as if （he was） to say something.他张开嘴似乎要说些什么。
Though （he is） in a more developed country with better living conditions, he still misses his homeland.虽然身在一个更发达、居住条件更好的国家，他仍然想念他的祖国。
If （it is） true, this will cause us a lot of trouble.如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多麻烦。
When （he was） a child, Mike used to live in Shanghai.当迈克还是个孩子的时候，曾住在上海。
定向练3
一、将下面的句子改写为省略句。
Work hard when you are young, or you'll regret.
→Work hard ______ _______, or you'll regret.
when
young
二、根据汉语意思用状语从句的省略结构完成句子。
1.你应该待在原地，除非让你离开。（ask）
You should stay where you are____________________.
unless asked to leave
2.如果可能的话，你最好早点过来。
___________, you had better come here early.
If possible
3.虽然是个成年人，杰克有的时候表现得很不成熟。
___________________________________________,Jack sometimes acts immaturely.
Although/Though a grown-up （man）/an adult
4.朗尼在制作另一项发明时想到了这个玩具。（while）
Lonnie got the idea for this toy _______________________________________.
while working on/making another invention
4
【句意】这些特点奇特地组合在一起，使他成为二十世纪和二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。
教材P9
“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
“make+宾语+宾补”为固定结构，意为“使得……怎么样”。宾补可以是名词、形容词、不带to的不定式、过去分词等。如果宾语本身比较复杂，则用“make+it （形式宾语）+宾补+to do/that从句（真正宾语）”结构。
We made him our monitor.我们选他当班长。（名词作宾补）
Our teacher makes us feel more confident.我们的老师使我们感到更自信。（不带to的不定式作宾补）
The strange noise made us frightened.奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。（形容词作宾补）
It is hard to make oneself understood in a foreign language.用外语表达清楚自己的想法是很难的。（过去分词作宾补）
He makes it his duty to look after the whole family.他把照顾全家人当作自己的责任。（it 作形式宾语，名词作宾补）
I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.我已经讲清楚了，这里不允许吸烟。（it 作形式宾语，形容词作宾补）
特别注意
make sb do sth用于被动语态时要将不定式的to还原，即sb be made to do sth.
I was made to go there alone. 我被要求单独去那里。
定向练4
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Susan made ___ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
it
[解析] 句意为：苏珊向我表明，她想开始自己的新生活。that从句是真正的宾语，clear是宾补。因为宾语比较长，所以用it作形式宾语。
2.It was raining outside. The children were made ________ （stay） in the classroom.
to stay
[解析] 句意为：外面下着雨。孩子们被要求待在教室里。make sb do sth的被动形式为sb be made to do sth，故填to stay。
3.Doing exercise can make us ________ （health）.
healthy
[解析] 句意为：锻炼使我们健康。此处用形容词healthy作宾补。
4.The new technology makes it possible for people _______________ （communicate） with each other
all over the world.
to communicate
[解析] 句意为：新技术让世界各地的人们可以相互交流。
5.The speaker raised his voice to make himself ______ （hear）.
heard
[解析] 句意为：演讲者为了使自己被听见而提高了嗓音。
写作仿 写关于“伟大科学家的精神品质”的文章
文体分析
1.文体介绍
谈论伟大科学家的精神品质的文章需要基于科学家的事迹来进行说明，此类文章可被划分为微型人物传记，隶属于记叙文。文章一般按照“总——分——总”的结构展开。
2.篇章结构
第一部分：对科学家进行简要介绍；
第二部分：讲述科学家的生平，突出其主要成就及精神品质并通过事例进行阐述；
第三部分：阐述对科学家的评价、其精神品质的意义或给人们的启示。
素材储备
1.常用词汇、句式
（1）描述科学家精神品质的词汇
patriotic, knowledgeable （博学的）, committed, determined, gifted, brave, diligent （勤奋的）, creative/innovative, imaginative, curious, outstanding, intelligent, confident, modest （谦逊的）等。
（2）描述科学家生平的常用表达
Born in/on…, … attended school in… and then entered… to study… ……出生于……，在……就读，后来考入……攻读……
After graduating from college, … worked as a… 大学毕业之后，……成为一名……
After graduation from…, … spent most of his /her time in doing/on… 从……毕业后，……将大部分时间都用于……
（3）描述科学家伟大成就及精神品质的常用表达
Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on… than… 或许再没有哪一位科学家比……对……的影响更大了。
…, a great scientist who served his/her motherland with effort and devotion, was an extremely well-respected man/woman.伟大的科学家……备受人们尊敬，他/她以勤勉努力和甘于奉献报效祖国。
… is determined, and he/she will never let difficulties discourage himself/herself from taking on challenges.……意志坚定，他/她绝不会让困难阻止自己接受一个又一个挑战。
… is perhaps now the greatest scientist in the field of… ……或许是当今……领域最伟大的科学家。
He/She made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being… 他/她为世界做出诸多贡献，其中最为人熟知的是……
Through his/her intense/tireless efforts, he/she overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop… 通过不懈的努力，他/她克服了重重技术困难，研发出……
He/She became a pioneer in the field of… 他/她成为……领域的先驱。
Under his/her leadership, China successfully developed… 在他/她的领导下，中国成功研发出……
2.常用衔接表达
（1）表示时间过渡的表达
over the course of the 1930s and 1940s 在二十世纪三四十年代
in the 1950s 在二十世纪五十年代
at that time 当时
（2）表示逻辑衔接的表达
nevertheless 尽管如此 because of… 由于……
however 然而 besides 此外
furthermore 此外 above all 最重要的是
in general 总的来说 thanks to… 多亏了……
as a result/consequently 因此
句子仿写
1.屠呦呦1930年出生于宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学。
________________________________________________________________________
Born in Ningbo in 1930, Tu Youyou graduated from Peking University in 1955.
2.爱因斯坦（Einstein）可能是现代物理学最伟大的科学家。
_______________________________________________________
Einstein was perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics.
3.或许没有哪一位科学家在我们对宇宙的理解方面产生的影响比霍金（Hawking）更大了。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________
Perhaps there is no other scientist has had a greater impact on our understanding of the universe than Hawking.
4.通过不懈的努力，她最终克服了这一难题。
_______________________________________________________________
Through her tireless/intense efforts, she finally overcame the difficulty.
5.牛顿（Newton）为世界做出了诸多贡献。
______________________________________________
Newton made numerous contributions to the world.
6.牛顿最为人熟知的贡献可能就是万有引力定律（the Law of Gravity）了。
_______________________________________________________________________
The most well-known contribution of Newton is perhaps “the Law of Gravity”.
7.用独立主格结构合并句5和句6。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Newton made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being “the Law of Gravity”.
模拟演练
假定你是李华，你校校报正在征集关于著名科学家袁隆平的事迹及其科学精神的文章。请你写一篇短文投稿。
注意：1.写作词数应为100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：超级杂交水稻super hybrid rice
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【思路引导】
【参考范文】
Yuan Longping, who has made great contributions to the world, is considered the “father of hybrid rice” and one of the greatest scientists in China.
Yuan was born in Beiijng in 1930.After graduating from Southwest University in 1953, he worked as a researcher to pursue a career in agriculture.Over the following years, he overcame great technical difficulties.Through his tireless efforts, he successfully developed the first hybrid rice.Furthermore, he was so unselfish that he devoted his achievements to helping other countries.
Perhaps no other scientist has played a more important role in feeding people around the world than Yuan.As far as I am concerned, he is more than a scientist.He is a hero.
请总结你学到的有用表达：
【高级词汇】
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【高级句式】
____________________________________________________________________________________________