上海高考英语概要写作专项训练（含答案）
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| 名称 | 上海高考英语概要写作专项训练（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-12 14:57:31 | ||
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概要写作
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How Technology Can Help Schools in Poor Countries
“Books will soon disappear in schools,” Thomas Edison predicted in 1913. Each new wave of information technology — radio, television, computers—has caused similar predictions.
Like teachers, digital-educational technology comes in many forms. But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence (重要性) in schools — especially in poor countries where human teachers are often ignorant, absent or both.
According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub-Saharan African countries, half of nine-year-olds cannot read a simple word and three-quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is terrible teaching. The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When classrooms were inspected to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no. Poor governments often lack the means to check on teachers in distant villages.
Several recent studies suggest digital-educational tech can help. Some of the scarce resources could be better spent on digital-educational tech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will understand how to use them. Instead, it means providing schools with software children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers instructions about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
Some may wonder whether the poorest places have the necessary infrastructure. However, where the grid is not available, solar chargers can work. Schools do not need internet access. Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary information. Cost does not have to be a huge problem either. To some, one of the most successful schemes, costs around $4 per child per year in Kenya, where it is being rolled out across public primary schools.
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2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Art has always been a polarizing subject. Some people like realism, others like abstract. But do you know why some people value art in the millions, while others see the same piece as little more than a child's finger painting
Many consider art to be quite random in terms of our likes and dislikes. But according to new research, there may be a scientific reason behind our fondness for certain works. The answer lies in how a person's brain breaks down the visuals of a painting combined with their judgment.
To prove their theory, neuroscientist Kiyohito Iigaya and his team from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)gathered more than 1,300 volunteers and asked them to rate 825 different paintings from four different art genres
After analyzing the data, scientists found that the same groups of people tended to prefer similar aspects of the same paintings. These characteristics were then grouped into “low-level” features like color and blending, and “high-level” features like the emotion behind the painting.
From this experiment, Caltech's system was then able to predict an individual's specific taste in art and organize different works into one group, according to the paintings' features and volunteers' preferences.
Finally, the team repeated the first test on new volunteers. Again, the algorithm was able to accurately predict individuals' art preferences. According to Iigaya, this shows that the factors that contribute to whether a person likes an image are universal, not random.
Lesley Fellows, a neurologist at McGill University who studies value judgments, stated, “We know a lot about ‘how’ the brain carries out actions, but 'why' is far less well understood.”
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3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
Small talk
Small talk is often thought of as unimportant, or perhaps worse, a substitute for real speech and thought in common opinion. Nevertheless, research suggests they will benefit.
One reason for small talk’s bad reputation is that it tends, for obvious reasons, to aim for the lowest common denominator (分母). In ritualized dialogue, little information is exchanged. “Hello” signals nothing at all. “How are you ” rarely gets a fully honest answer.
However, linguists call that crucial hello, talk phatic (交流情感的) Bronislaw Malinowski, who coined the term in the 1920s; explained that in phatic talk ties of union are created by a mere exchange of words. “If you know literally nothing about someone you can still safely presume they prefer sun to rain, and begin to establish a connection on that basis. If your bus or train is suddenly stuck, an even better opportunity arises. You can be sure your fellow passengers are not happy about it, and a shared grousing session makes them—and you—feel less alone with your inconvenience.
At work, small talk may seem a distraction from what employees are paid to do. But there is a spectrum between empty talk (“Hello”), social talk (“How was your holiday ”), social talk relevant to work (“Is Sarah still on holiday ”) and pure business talk (“Has Sarah finished that report ”). A study of government departments in New Zealand by Janet Holmes shows how frequently people switch between those modes, even in brief conversations. That suggests a function beyond filling awkward gaps. Among other things, such chatter can bond equals together in a shared task. She also finds that bosses are more likely to initiate small talks with subordinates than the other round (as well as to cut it off). This is because, even without being told, a good manager realises that it can soften a following instruction.
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4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Unexpected Power of Random Acts of Kindness
In late August, Erin Alexander, 57, sat in the parking lot of a Target store and wept. She was having a hard day. A barista(咖啡师) working at the Starbucks inside the Target was too. The espresso machine had broken down and she was clearly stressed. Ms. Alexander — who’d stopped crying and gone inside for some caffeine — smiled, ordered an iced green tea, and told her to hang in there. After picking up her order, she noticed a message on the cup: “Erin,” the barista had written next to a heart, “your soul is golden.” The warmth of that small and unexpected gesture, from a stranger who had no idea of what she was going through, moved Erin deeply.
New findings, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology in August, corroborate just how powerful experiences like Ms. Alexander’s can be.
The notion that kindness can boost well-being is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize.
But researchers have also found that people who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it. And they believe that miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often.
Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back. “When the kindness urge arises,” she said, “we totally overthink it.”
Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
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5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The film industry is facing difficulties. In recent months, the single day box, office of movies across the country had been in the extremely low range of seven to sight million, and almost more of the new films enjoys any market appeal. At the very beginning, people would blame these astonishing on the pandemic. But the pandemic is not the only factor that prevents audiences from entering the cinema. The lack of good films to watch is the main reason why people lose their desire for the cinema.
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6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Meet the Woman Who Gives Rescued Farm Animals a Second Chance at Life
Shortly after doctors diagnosed ten-year-old Jenny Brown with bone cancer, they had to cut off her right leg below the knee to save her life. Facing a year of chemotherapy (化疗) after the surgery, Jenny begged her mother for a kitten. The orange calico Jenny named Boogie rarely left her side, licking tears from her cheeks after hospital visits and curling up in her lap as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic (假肢的) leg.
“My relationship with Boogie showed me that animals think, feel, and suffer as much as we do,” says Jenny, now 44.
In 1994, Jenny graduated from Columbia College Chicago and began a career in television and documentary production. On the side, she volunteered as a videographer for animal rights groups, and in 2002, she shot undercover footage of horrible animal mistreatment at several Texas farm animal stockyards. “After seeing that, I knew I needed to help animals,” says Jenny.
A year later, she gave up her film career and with her fiancé, Doug Abel, a film editor, opened the Woodstock Farm Sanctuary, a nonprofit organization dedicated to rescuing and recovering farm animals, on a 22-acre property they bought in the rolling hills of Woodstock, New York, the next year.
In August 2007, she received a call from Animal Care and Control of NYC about a small goat it had found hopping around Prospect Park. Jenny guessed it had run away from one of the city’s murder-houses. The goat’s legs were severely injured, probably from being bound together with wire, and its mouth was covered in aching.
Jenny and her team brought the goat, which they named Albie, to the preserve, but they soon realized that Albie’s left front leg was injured beyond repair. After a veterinarian(兽医) cut off the leg. Jenny asked Erik Tomkins, the doctor who makes Jenny’s prostheses, to fashion a leg for Albie. To date, seven of the preserve’s animals have received prosthetic limbs or braces. “On most farms, animals with these illnesses would be immediately killed,” says Jenny.
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7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Panic Buying
Have you ever watched one of the many TV shows set during the apocalypse (大灾难). If it’s not zombies, it’s viruses or natural disasters. One thing that seems to be a typical part of these series is survivors searching for food and resources. Is that why people stockpile food when things go bad
What is stockpiling Quite simply it’s when people accumulate a substantial number of goods, for example food or water.
But why do we do it Consumer psychologist Paul Marsden puts it down to three factors that relate to retail therapy. Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control. Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same. Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. Sander Van der Lindon, an assistant professor of social psychology at Cambridge University, said that a phenomenon known as ‘fear contagion (传播)’ can take hold. People’s decision making stops when stressed, so they follow the actions of other people. If they are panic buying, you will too.
So, can you stop people from stockpiling Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying.
So, the next time a virus, natural disaster or zombie apocalypse starts, remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state.
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8．Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Science at School and at Work
Concern has been expressed about a relative lack of interest in science as a school subject or future career. This report focuses on the views of students and puts forward suggestions for improving the image of science.
The vast majority of students who choose science subjects feel they have made the right decision. They enjoy conducting experiments in the well-equipped laboratories and appreciate the fact that compared with those in arts subjects, the teaching staff are more highly qualified. In consequence, science students believe they are learning in a more stimulating environment.
Unfortunately, however, some students think twice before choosing sciences, because of their reputation as comparatively difficult subjects that involve memorizing facts and figures. Moreover, there is a widespread belief that high marks are harder to obtain in sciences.
In addition, science has a serious image problem. Many are discouraged by the so- called lack of charm of science as a profession, by film stereotypes of mad professors and computer geeks, and by the suspicion with which the media often treat scientific research, for instance concerning genetically modified food.
Students should be invited to participate in Science Fair projects, scientific work experience programmes and virtual Open Days at university science faculty so that a more positive impression of science can be created. They should also be made aware of the benefits of studying science, such as developing thinking skills, discovering how things work and — one day — finding real solutions to real problems.
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9．Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
If you’ve ever sent an email that started with the words ”Just sending a friendly reminder to please...“ we have some bad news for you: It probably backfired. Not only are “friendly reminder” emails one of the annoying email habits you have, but everyone also secretly hates them.
To you, reminder email could simply be “a friendly way to ask for something that’s late,” Fast Company writes. But unfortunately, that might not be the message coming across to your coworkers. You need to quit this bad email habit and stop sending them immediately, and here’s why.
For one, if you use “hedge words” such as “kind of,” “maybe,” “probably.” etc., they will decrease your credibility with your coworkers. Although you might insert those phrases for a softer tone, they also make you sound insecure and not confident. Be clear with your choice of words, choosing the straightforward “sending a reminder,“ instead. Trust you’re your employees will appreciate the directness.
But that’s not even the worst part. It’s also easy for those reminder emails to get lost in people’s inboxes, if not ignored immediately. With countless emails flooding in per day, yours could easily get lost in the shuffle. Very likely, your coworkers will hit the ”delete“ button.
Still, you need to get their attention somehow, right After all, you have a job to do! Once you send the classic reminder email, try scheduling a meeting with the person via calendar invite. Even re-sending the classic reminder email with a red “urgent” flag could do the trick. Doing so is practically guaranteed to get the message across - and still save face with your coworkers.
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10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Museum Craze Involves More Teenagers
More museums are here waiting for you! China’s capital, Beijing, is going to open another batch (一批) of museums this year. The building of a new branch of the Palace Museum, one of the world’s most visited tourist attractions, kicked off as well.
As the museum craze has grown stronger in the past few years, teenagers in China have become more involved in exploring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in modern technology as well as culture from the past. According to Educator magazine, visits by teenagers to museums each year increased from 220 million to 290 million in the past 5 years. Among the increasing numbers of museum visitors, many of them were teenagers accompanied by their families, reported Guangming Daily earlier this month.
To draw younger visitors, many museums are creating more offline activities for the purpose of spreading Chinese culture. They include artifact making, night visits, secret adventures, treasure evaluation, and some interesting courses. At the China Hangzhou Arts & Crafts Museum, for example, teenagers gathered around to make paper umbrellas during the Spring Festival holiday. With white gloves on and little spades in their hands, visitors in Henan province got to experience the daily work of archaeologists (考古学家). Apart from the activities, some museums even open branches especially designed for teenagers. A hall called Popular Agricultural Science for Young Visitors is a special branch launched by China Agricultural Museum. It is an exhibition hall that combines both visual and audio technology to involve teenagers in agriculture. Besides these offline approaches, a number of museums have also created official websites for teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular. Online visitors may go on an exciting adventure on the website in the style of a comic book.
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参考答案：
1．One possible version:
Digital educational technology can help improve education in poor countries in lack of qualified teachers and effective supervision. Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children, teachers, and the authorities. Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by available solar chargers, workable information transmission and low costs.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章认为在贫困国家得当地使用数字教育技术可以改善当地的教育，这些国家的教师往往无法胜任教学工作，相关当局也无法管理教师日常的教学，而利用数字教学技术，学校可以得到软件方面的支持，便于儿童使用、教师教学和当局监管。基础设施的问题可以通过太阳能充电器、可移动的信息传输设备解决，该计划的成本也比较低。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The reason is terrible teaching.
②Poor governments often lack the means to check on teachers in distant villages.
③Several recent studies suggest digital-educational tech can help.
④Some of the scarce resources could be better spent on digital-educational tech.
⑤Instead, it means providing schools with software children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers instructions about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
⑥Some may wonder whether the poorest places have the necessary infrastructure.
⑦However, where the grid is not available, solar chargers can work.
⑧Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary information.
⑨Cost does not have to be a huge problem either.
2. 缜密构思
将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合，将第4、5两个要点进行整合，将第6、7、8、9四个要点进行重组。
3. 遣词造句
Digital educational technology can help improve education in poor countries in lack of qualified teachers and effective supervision.
Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children, teachers, and the authorities.
Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by available solar chargers, workable information transmission and low costs.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children, teachers, and the authorities.（运用了动名词短语作by的宾语，动名词短语概括了第5个要点，简洁明了）
[高分句型2] Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by available solar chargers, workable information transmission and low costs.（运用了even if引导的让步状语从句，与主句的语义衔接更为自然）
2．Art is a polarizing subject, and many people believe that an individual's preferences for art are random. According to new research, our love of art may stem from how our brains combine the visual effects of painting with their judgment. This suggests that the factors that influence whether people like a particular photograph are universal, rather than random.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了艺术是一个两极分化的学科，许多人认为个人对艺术的喜好是随机的，根据最新的研究，我们对于作品的喜爱可能是源于大脑是如何将绘画的视觉效果与他们的判断力结合起来的。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Art has always been a polarizing subject. Some people like realism, others like abstract.
②Many consider art to be quite random in terms of our likes and dislikes.
③After analyzing the data, scientists found that the same groups of people tended to prefer similar aspects of the same paintings.
④Finally, the team repeated the first test on new volunteers. Again, the algorithm was able to accurately predict individuals' art preferences.
2.缜密构思：将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句
Art is a polarizing subject, and many people believe that an individual's preferences for art are random.
According to new research, our love of art may stem from how our brains combine the visual effects of painting with their judgment.
This suggests that the factors that influence whether people like a particular photograph are universal, rather than random.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Art is a polarizing subject, and many people believe that an individual's preferences for art are random.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]：This suggests that the factors that influence whether people like a particular photograph are universal, rather than random.（运用了that引导的宾语从句以及关系代词that引导的定语从句）
3．Small talk is often considered meaningless because it involves no real information exchange. However, linguists find small talk is important because it is an exchange of common feelings. Research also shows that, instead of a distraction, small talk is common at work because it unites people in a task and managers often start small talk to make their instruction softer.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，闲聊通常被认为没有意义，因为它不涉及真正的信息交流。然而，语言学家发现闲聊很重要，因为这是一种共同感受的交流。研究还表明，闲聊不仅不会分散注意力，而且在工作中很常见，因为它能把人们团结在一起，经理们经常开始闲聊，以使他们的指示更柔和。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Small talk is often thought of as unimportant, or perhaps worse, a substitute for real speech and thought in common opinion.
②One reason for small talk’s bad reputation is that it tends, for obvious reasons, to aim for the lowest common denominator (分母). In ritualized dialogue, little information is exchanged.
③However, linguists call that crucial hello, talk phatic (交流情感的) Bronislaw Malinowski, who coined the term in the 1920s; explained that in phatic talk ties of union are created by a mere exchange of words.
④Among other things, such chatter can bond equals together in a shared task. She also finds that bosses are more likely to initiate small talks with subordinates than the other round (as well as to cut it off). This is because, even without being told, a good manager realises that it can soften a following instruction.
2.缜密构思 将第1、2个要点进行总结，将第3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Small talk is often regarded meaningless since it involves no real information exchange.
But linguists find small talk is vital because it is an exchange of common feelings.
Research also indicates that, instead of a distraction, small talk is common at work for it unites people in a task and managers often start small talk to make their instruction softer.
【点睛】[高分句型1] However, linguists find small talk is important because it is an exchange of common feelings.运用because引导原因状语从句对原文第三段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Research also shows that, instead of a distraction, small talk is common at work because it unites people in a task and managers often start small talk to make their instruction softer.用that引导宾语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
4．Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being. However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much. Moreover, they fear the gesture being misinterpreted or causing stress. Researchers suggest people perform random kind acts more often. (53words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明陌生人的意外的小小善举可以改善人们的幸福感，然而由于某些原因人们做出小小善举是还有些犹豫。研究人员建议人们多多行善。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels ②The simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize.
③miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often.
④Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.
⑤Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5个要点进行概括。
3.遣词造句Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being.
However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much.
Moreover, they fear the gesture being misinterpreted or causing stress.
Researchers suggest people perform random kind acts more often.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being.（运用了that引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much. （运用了现在分词作状语）
5．Besides the pandemic, the lack of good movies keeps people from entering the cinema.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了除了流行病意外，好电影的缺乏也导致人们不去电影院看电影。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①At the very beginning, people would blame these astonishing on the pandemic.
②But the pandemic is not the only factor that prevents audiences from entering the cinema.
③The lack of good films to watch is the main reason why people lose their desire for the cinema.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2要点进行重组，将第1、2、3要点进行整合
3.遣词造句
In addition to the epidemic, the lack of good movies leads people not to go to the cinema.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides the pandemic, the lack of good movies keeps people from entering the cinema.（介词短语作状语，将文章第三和第四句话进行概括）
6．Jenny had her right leg cut off due to cancer at 10. Her cat Boogie kept her company as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic leg. Later in her life, Jenny devoted herself to helping animals, at first by filming animal mistreatment and then by running an animal sanctuary, where ill or injured animals received prosthetic limbs or braces.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了珍妮在10岁时因癌症切除了右腿。她的猫Boogie陪伴着她适应了假肢的生活。之后，珍妮致力于帮助动物，一开始是拍摄动物虐待，然后是经营一个动物保护区，在那里生病或受伤的动物接受假肢或支架。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Shortly after doctors diagnosed ten-year-old Jenny Brown with bone cancer, they had to cut off her right leg below the knee to save her life. The orange calico Jenny named Boogie rarely left her side, licking tears from her cheeks after hospital visits and curling up in her lap as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic (假肢的) leg.
②On the side, she volunteered as a videographer for animal rights groups, and in 2002, she shot undercover footage of horrible animal mistreatment at several Texas farm animal stockyards. A year later, she gave up her film career and with her fiancé, Doug Abel, a film editor, opened the Woodstock Farm Sanctuary, a nonprofit organization dedicated to rescuing and recovering farm animals, on a 22-acre property they bought in the rolling hills of Woodstock, New York, the next year.
③To date, seven of the preserve’s animals have received prosthetic limbs or braces.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3两个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Jenny had her right leg removed because of cancer at 10.
Her cat Boogie accompanied her as she adapted herself to life with a prosthetic leg.
Later in her life, Jenny committed herself to helping animals, at first by filming animal mistreatment and then by running an animal sanctuary, where sick or injured animals received prosthetic limbs or braces.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Her cat Boogie kept her company as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic leg.运用as引导时间状语对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Later in her life, Jenny devoted herself to helping animals, at first by filming animal mistreatment and then by running an animal sanctuary, where ill or injured animals received prosthetic limbs or braces.用where引导非限制性定语从句对最后三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
7．Panic buying occurs due to the need for people to be in control, feel connected to others who are also panic buying and be “smart shoppers”. Building up a large stock of supplies is a form of retail therapy that helps people manage their emotional state. In general, trying to stop people from panic buying is counterproductive.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，恐慌性购买的发生是由于人们需要控制自己，与其他也有恐慌性购买的人建立联系，并成为“聪明的购物者”。建立大量的供应库存是一种零售疗法，可以帮助人们管理自己的情绪状态。一般来说，试图阻止人们恐慌性购买是适得其反的。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control.
②Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same.
③Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing.
④Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic.
⑤However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying.
⑥remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state.
2.缜密构思
将第4、5两个要点进行重组，将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合，将第6要点进行重写。
3.遣词造句
Panic buying occurs because people need to take control, connect with others who are also panic buying, and become “smart shoppers”.
Building a large supply inventory is a retail therapy that can help people manage their emotional state.
Generally speaking, trying to prevent people panic buying is counterproductive.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Panic buying occurs due to the need for people to be in control, feel connected to others who are also panic buying and be “smart shoppers”.(运用who引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] Building up a large stock of supplies is a form of retail therapy that helps people manage their emotional state. (运用that引导的定语从句)
8．One possible version:
Students are less interested in science, either as a major or a career. Those choosing science favor its better learning environment including labs and faculty while those rejecting it believe it’s difficult, hard to score high and has a poor reputation. But students should join in various science activities to get a positive impression of science and learn its benefits.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，无论是作为专业还是职业，学生们对科学都不太感兴趣。那些选择科学的人喜欢它更好的学习环境，包括实验室和教师，而那些拒绝科学的人则认为科学很难，很难得高分，而且名声不好。但学生应该参加各种科学活动，以获得科学的积极印象，并了解它的好处。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Concern has been expressed about a relative lack of interest in science as a school subject or future career.
②They enjoy conducting experiments in the well-equipped laboratories and appreciate the fact that compared with those in arts subjects, the teaching staff are more highly qualified. In consequence, science students believe they are learning in a more stimulating environment. Unfortunately, however, some students think twice before choosing sciences, because of their reputation as comparatively difficult subjects that involve memorizing facts and figures. Moreover, there is a widespread belief that high marks are harder to obtain in sciences.
③Students should be invited to participate in Science Fair projects, scientific work experience programmes and virtual Open Days at university science faculty so that a more positive impression of science can be created. They should also be made aware of the benefits of studying science, such as developing thinking skills, discovering how things work and — one day — finding real solutions to real problems.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Students take less interest in science, either as a major or a career.
Those who choose science favor its better learning environment including labs and teacher while those rejecting it believe it’s tough, hard to score high and has a poor reputation.
However, students should take part in various science activities to get a positive impression of science and learn its benefits.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Those choosing science favor its better learning environment including labs and faculty while those rejecting it believe it’s difficult, hard to score high and has a poor reputation.运用现在分词作定语对原文第二段和第三段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] But students should join in various science activities to get a positive impression of science and learn its benefits.用不定式作目的状语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
9．One possible version:
Sending “friendly” reminder emails can be annoying and the bad habit should be get rid of. First, vague words make you sound insecure and unreliable and thus should be replaced with clear and direct ones. Second, reminder emails may get ignored or lost. To catch receivers’ eyes, you should label the email “urgent” or just schedule a face-to-face meeting.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，发送“友好的”提醒邮件是很烦人的，这个坏习惯应该改掉。首先，模糊的词语会让你听起来不安全、不可靠，因此应该用清晰、直接的词语代替。第二，提醒邮件可能会被忽略或丢失。为了吸引收件人的眼球，你应该标记邮件为“紧急”，或者安排一次面对面的会议。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Not only are “friendly reminder” emails one of the annoying email habits you have, but everyone also secretly hates them.
②For one, if you use “hedge words” such as “kind of,” “maybe,” “probably.” etc., they will decrease your credibility with your coworkers. Be clear with your choice of words, choosing the straightforward “sending a reminder,“ instead. Trust you’re your employees will appreciate the directness.
③It’s also easy for those reminder emails to get lost in people’s inboxes, if not ignored immediately.
④Still, you need to get their attention somehow, right After all, you have a job to do! Once you send the classic reminder email, try scheduling a meeting with the person via calendar invite. Even re-sending the classic reminder email with a red “urgent” flag could do the trick.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Sending “friendly” reminder emails can be annoying and the bad habit should be given up.
First, blurry words make you sound unsafe and unreliable and thus should be replaced with clear and direct ones.
Second, reminder emails may get ignored or lost.
To be eye-catching, you should label the email “urgent” or just schedule a face-to-face meeting.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Sending “friendly” reminder emails can be annoying and the bad habit should be got rid of.运用被动语态对原文第三段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] To catch receivers’ eyes, you should label the email “urgent” or just schedule a face-to-face meeting.用不定式作目的状语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
10．Beijing will open more museums this year. With the popularity of museums, there has been increasing participation among teenagers. The number of teenagers who visit increases each year. To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers. Besides, some museums also create online websites for teenagers. (57 words)
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍说，中国首都北京今年将再开一批博物馆。作为世界上最受欢迎的旅游景点之一，故宫博物院新分院的建设也拉开了序幕，在过去的几年里，随着博物馆热的日益高涨，中国的青少年越来越热衷于探索博物馆，在那里他们可以沉浸在现代科技和过去的文化中，为了吸引年轻游客，许多博物馆正在开展更多的线下活动，推出青少年专馆或创建青少年网站。
【详解】1 要点摘录：
①China’s capital, Beijing, is going to open another batch (一批) of museums this year.
②As the museum craze has grown stronger in the past few years, teenagers in China have become more involved in exploring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in modern technology as well as culture from the past. According to Educator magazine, visits by teenagers to museums each year increased from 220 million to 290 million in the past 5 years.
③To draw younger visitors, many museums are creating more offline activities for the purpose of spreading Chinese culture.
④Apart from the activities, some museums even open branches especially designed for teenagers.
⑤Besides these offline approaches, a number of museums have also created official websites for teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、5三个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Beijing will open more museums this year. With the popularity of museums, there has been increasing participation among teenagers. The number of teenagers who visit increases each year. To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers. Besides, some museums also create online websites for teenagers.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The number of teenagers who visit increases each year.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段进行了概括。其中who引导的定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2] To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers.用that引导限制性定语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How Technology Can Help Schools in Poor Countries
“Books will soon disappear in schools,” Thomas Edison predicted in 1913. Each new wave of information technology — radio, television, computers—has caused similar predictions.
Like teachers, digital-educational technology comes in many forms. But, used properly, it now deserves more prominence (重要性) in schools — especially in poor countries where human teachers are often ignorant, absent or both.
According to a recent World Bank study of seven sub-Saharan African countries, half of nine-year-olds cannot read a simple word and three-quarters cannot read a simple sentence. The reason is terrible teaching. The same study found that only 7% of teachers had the minimum knowledge needed to teach reading and writing effectively. When classrooms were inspected to see whether a teacher was present, half the time the answer was no. Poor governments often lack the means to check on teachers in distant villages.
Several recent studies suggest digital-educational tech can help. Some of the scarce resources could be better spent on digital-educational tech. That does not mean dumping computers on schools in the hope that children will understand how to use them. Instead, it means providing schools with software children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers instructions about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
Some may wonder whether the poorest places have the necessary infrastructure. However, where the grid is not available, solar chargers can work. Schools do not need internet access. Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary information. Cost does not have to be a huge problem either. To some, one of the most successful schemes, costs around $4 per child per year in Kenya, where it is being rolled out across public primary schools.
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2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Art has always been a polarizing subject. Some people like realism, others like abstract. But do you know why some people value art in the millions, while others see the same piece as little more than a child's finger painting
Many consider art to be quite random in terms of our likes and dislikes. But according to new research, there may be a scientific reason behind our fondness for certain works. The answer lies in how a person's brain breaks down the visuals of a painting combined with their judgment.
To prove their theory, neuroscientist Kiyohito Iigaya and his team from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)gathered more than 1,300 volunteers and asked them to rate 825 different paintings from four different art genres
After analyzing the data, scientists found that the same groups of people tended to prefer similar aspects of the same paintings. These characteristics were then grouped into “low-level” features like color and blending, and “high-level” features like the emotion behind the painting.
From this experiment, Caltech's system was then able to predict an individual's specific taste in art and organize different works into one group, according to the paintings' features and volunteers' preferences.
Finally, the team repeated the first test on new volunteers. Again, the algorithm was able to accurately predict individuals' art preferences. According to Iigaya, this shows that the factors that contribute to whether a person likes an image are universal, not random.
Lesley Fellows, a neurologist at McGill University who studies value judgments, stated, “We know a lot about ‘how’ the brain carries out actions, but 'why' is far less well understood.”
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3．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
Small talk
Small talk is often thought of as unimportant, or perhaps worse, a substitute for real speech and thought in common opinion. Nevertheless, research suggests they will benefit.
One reason for small talk’s bad reputation is that it tends, for obvious reasons, to aim for the lowest common denominator (分母). In ritualized dialogue, little information is exchanged. “Hello” signals nothing at all. “How are you ” rarely gets a fully honest answer.
However, linguists call that crucial hello, talk phatic (交流情感的) Bronislaw Malinowski, who coined the term in the 1920s; explained that in phatic talk ties of union are created by a mere exchange of words. “If you know literally nothing about someone you can still safely presume they prefer sun to rain, and begin to establish a connection on that basis. If your bus or train is suddenly stuck, an even better opportunity arises. You can be sure your fellow passengers are not happy about it, and a shared grousing session makes them—and you—feel less alone with your inconvenience.
At work, small talk may seem a distraction from what employees are paid to do. But there is a spectrum between empty talk (“Hello”), social talk (“How was your holiday ”), social talk relevant to work (“Is Sarah still on holiday ”) and pure business talk (“Has Sarah finished that report ”). A study of government departments in New Zealand by Janet Holmes shows how frequently people switch between those modes, even in brief conversations. That suggests a function beyond filling awkward gaps. Among other things, such chatter can bond equals together in a shared task. She also finds that bosses are more likely to initiate small talks with subordinates than the other round (as well as to cut it off). This is because, even without being told, a good manager realises that it can soften a following instruction.
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4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
The Unexpected Power of Random Acts of Kindness
In late August, Erin Alexander, 57, sat in the parking lot of a Target store and wept. She was having a hard day. A barista(咖啡师) working at the Starbucks inside the Target was too. The espresso machine had broken down and she was clearly stressed. Ms. Alexander — who’d stopped crying and gone inside for some caffeine — smiled, ordered an iced green tea, and told her to hang in there. After picking up her order, she noticed a message on the cup: “Erin,” the barista had written next to a heart, “your soul is golden.” The warmth of that small and unexpected gesture, from a stranger who had no idea of what she was going through, moved Erin deeply.
New findings, published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology in August, corroborate just how powerful experiences like Ms. Alexander’s can be.
The notion that kindness can boost well-being is hardly new. Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize.
But researchers have also found that people who perform a random act of kindness tend to underestimate how much the recipient will appreciate it. And they believe that miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often.
Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back. “When the kindness urge arises,” she said, “we totally overthink it.”
Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
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5．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
The film industry is facing difficulties. In recent months, the single day box, office of movies across the country had been in the extremely low range of seven to sight million, and almost more of the new films enjoys any market appeal. At the very beginning, people would blame these astonishing on the pandemic. But the pandemic is not the only factor that prevents audiences from entering the cinema. The lack of good films to watch is the main reason why people lose their desire for the cinema.
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6．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Meet the Woman Who Gives Rescued Farm Animals a Second Chance at Life
Shortly after doctors diagnosed ten-year-old Jenny Brown with bone cancer, they had to cut off her right leg below the knee to save her life. Facing a year of chemotherapy (化疗) after the surgery, Jenny begged her mother for a kitten. The orange calico Jenny named Boogie rarely left her side, licking tears from her cheeks after hospital visits and curling up in her lap as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic (假肢的) leg.
“My relationship with Boogie showed me that animals think, feel, and suffer as much as we do,” says Jenny, now 44.
In 1994, Jenny graduated from Columbia College Chicago and began a career in television and documentary production. On the side, she volunteered as a videographer for animal rights groups, and in 2002, she shot undercover footage of horrible animal mistreatment at several Texas farm animal stockyards. “After seeing that, I knew I needed to help animals,” says Jenny.
A year later, she gave up her film career and with her fiancé, Doug Abel, a film editor, opened the Woodstock Farm Sanctuary, a nonprofit organization dedicated to rescuing and recovering farm animals, on a 22-acre property they bought in the rolling hills of Woodstock, New York, the next year.
In August 2007, she received a call from Animal Care and Control of NYC about a small goat it had found hopping around Prospect Park. Jenny guessed it had run away from one of the city’s murder-houses. The goat’s legs were severely injured, probably from being bound together with wire, and its mouth was covered in aching.
Jenny and her team brought the goat, which they named Albie, to the preserve, but they soon realized that Albie’s left front leg was injured beyond repair. After a veterinarian(兽医) cut off the leg. Jenny asked Erik Tomkins, the doctor who makes Jenny’s prostheses, to fashion a leg for Albie. To date, seven of the preserve’s animals have received prosthetic limbs or braces. “On most farms, animals with these illnesses would be immediately killed,” says Jenny.
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7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Panic Buying
Have you ever watched one of the many TV shows set during the apocalypse (大灾难). If it’s not zombies, it’s viruses or natural disasters. One thing that seems to be a typical part of these series is survivors searching for food and resources. Is that why people stockpile food when things go bad
What is stockpiling Quite simply it’s when people accumulate a substantial number of goods, for example food or water.
But why do we do it Consumer psychologist Paul Marsden puts it down to three factors that relate to retail therapy. Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control. Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same. Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing. Sander Van der Lindon, an assistant professor of social psychology at Cambridge University, said that a phenomenon known as ‘fear contagion (传播)’ can take hold. People’s decision making stops when stressed, so they follow the actions of other people. If they are panic buying, you will too.
So, can you stop people from stockpiling Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic. However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying.
So, the next time a virus, natural disaster or zombie apocalypse starts, remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state.
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8．Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Science at School and at Work
Concern has been expressed about a relative lack of interest in science as a school subject or future career. This report focuses on the views of students and puts forward suggestions for improving the image of science.
The vast majority of students who choose science subjects feel they have made the right decision. They enjoy conducting experiments in the well-equipped laboratories and appreciate the fact that compared with those in arts subjects, the teaching staff are more highly qualified. In consequence, science students believe they are learning in a more stimulating environment.
Unfortunately, however, some students think twice before choosing sciences, because of their reputation as comparatively difficult subjects that involve memorizing facts and figures. Moreover, there is a widespread belief that high marks are harder to obtain in sciences.
In addition, science has a serious image problem. Many are discouraged by the so- called lack of charm of science as a profession, by film stereotypes of mad professors and computer geeks, and by the suspicion with which the media often treat scientific research, for instance concerning genetically modified food.
Students should be invited to participate in Science Fair projects, scientific work experience programmes and virtual Open Days at university science faculty so that a more positive impression of science can be created. They should also be made aware of the benefits of studying science, such as developing thinking skills, discovering how things work and — one day — finding real solutions to real problems.
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9．Directions：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
If you’ve ever sent an email that started with the words ”Just sending a friendly reminder to please...“ we have some bad news for you: It probably backfired. Not only are “friendly reminder” emails one of the annoying email habits you have, but everyone also secretly hates them.
To you, reminder email could simply be “a friendly way to ask for something that’s late,” Fast Company writes. But unfortunately, that might not be the message coming across to your coworkers. You need to quit this bad email habit and stop sending them immediately, and here’s why.
For one, if you use “hedge words” such as “kind of,” “maybe,” “probably.” etc., they will decrease your credibility with your coworkers. Although you might insert those phrases for a softer tone, they also make you sound insecure and not confident. Be clear with your choice of words, choosing the straightforward “sending a reminder,“ instead. Trust you’re your employees will appreciate the directness.
But that’s not even the worst part. It’s also easy for those reminder emails to get lost in people’s inboxes, if not ignored immediately. With countless emails flooding in per day, yours could easily get lost in the shuffle. Very likely, your coworkers will hit the ”delete“ button.
Still, you need to get their attention somehow, right After all, you have a job to do! Once you send the classic reminder email, try scheduling a meeting with the person via calendar invite. Even re-sending the classic reminder email with a red “urgent” flag could do the trick. Doing so is practically guaranteed to get the message across - and still save face with your coworkers.
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10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Museum Craze Involves More Teenagers
More museums are here waiting for you! China’s capital, Beijing, is going to open another batch (一批) of museums this year. The building of a new branch of the Palace Museum, one of the world’s most visited tourist attractions, kicked off as well.
As the museum craze has grown stronger in the past few years, teenagers in China have become more involved in exploring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in modern technology as well as culture from the past. According to Educator magazine, visits by teenagers to museums each year increased from 220 million to 290 million in the past 5 years. Among the increasing numbers of museum visitors, many of them were teenagers accompanied by their families, reported Guangming Daily earlier this month.
To draw younger visitors, many museums are creating more offline activities for the purpose of spreading Chinese culture. They include artifact making, night visits, secret adventures, treasure evaluation, and some interesting courses. At the China Hangzhou Arts & Crafts Museum, for example, teenagers gathered around to make paper umbrellas during the Spring Festival holiday. With white gloves on and little spades in their hands, visitors in Henan province got to experience the daily work of archaeologists (考古学家). Apart from the activities, some museums even open branches especially designed for teenagers. A hall called Popular Agricultural Science for Young Visitors is a special branch launched by China Agricultural Museum. It is an exhibition hall that combines both visual and audio technology to involve teenagers in agriculture. Besides these offline approaches, a number of museums have also created official websites for teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular. Online visitors may go on an exciting adventure on the website in the style of a comic book.
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参考答案：
1．One possible version:
Digital educational technology can help improve education in poor countries in lack of qualified teachers and effective supervision. Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children, teachers, and the authorities. Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by available solar chargers, workable information transmission and low costs.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章认为在贫困国家得当地使用数字教育技术可以改善当地的教育，这些国家的教师往往无法胜任教学工作，相关当局也无法管理教师日常的教学，而利用数字教学技术，学校可以得到软件方面的支持，便于儿童使用、教师教学和当局监管。基础设施的问题可以通过太阳能充电器、可移动的信息传输设备解决，该计划的成本也比较低。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①The reason is terrible teaching.
②Poor governments often lack the means to check on teachers in distant villages.
③Several recent studies suggest digital-educational tech can help.
④Some of the scarce resources could be better spent on digital-educational tech.
⑤Instead, it means providing schools with software children can use with minimal help from an adult, that sends teachers instructions about what they are supposed to be teaching and that allows the authorities to check on whether the teacher is in the classroom.
⑥Some may wonder whether the poorest places have the necessary infrastructure.
⑦However, where the grid is not available, solar chargers can work.
⑧Devices can be taken to where there is a connection to upload or download the necessary information.
⑨Cost does not have to be a huge problem either.
2. 缜密构思
将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合，将第4、5两个要点进行整合，将第6、7、8、9四个要点进行重组。
3. 遣词造句
Digital educational technology can help improve education in poor countries in lack of qualified teachers and effective supervision.
Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children, teachers, and the authorities.
Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by available solar chargers, workable information transmission and low costs.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Scarce resources could be better exploited by offering schools software friendly to children, teachers, and the authorities.（运用了动名词短语作by的宾语，动名词短语概括了第5个要点，简洁明了）
[高分句型2] Even if there is no necessary infrastructure, the technology can come into effect by available solar chargers, workable information transmission and low costs.（运用了even if引导的让步状语从句，与主句的语义衔接更为自然）
2．Art is a polarizing subject, and many people believe that an individual's preferences for art are random. According to new research, our love of art may stem from how our brains combine the visual effects of painting with their judgment. This suggests that the factors that influence whether people like a particular photograph are universal, rather than random.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了艺术是一个两极分化的学科，许多人认为个人对艺术的喜好是随机的，根据最新的研究，我们对于作品的喜爱可能是源于大脑是如何将绘画的视觉效果与他们的判断力结合起来的。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Art has always been a polarizing subject. Some people like realism, others like abstract.
②Many consider art to be quite random in terms of our likes and dislikes.
③After analyzing the data, scientists found that the same groups of people tended to prefer similar aspects of the same paintings.
④Finally, the team repeated the first test on new volunteers. Again, the algorithm was able to accurately predict individuals' art preferences.
2.缜密构思：将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句
Art is a polarizing subject, and many people believe that an individual's preferences for art are random.
According to new research, our love of art may stem from how our brains combine the visual effects of painting with their judgment.
This suggests that the factors that influence whether people like a particular photograph are universal, rather than random.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Art is a polarizing subject, and many people believe that an individual's preferences for art are random.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
[高分句型2]：This suggests that the factors that influence whether people like a particular photograph are universal, rather than random.（运用了that引导的宾语从句以及关系代词that引导的定语从句）
3．Small talk is often considered meaningless because it involves no real information exchange. However, linguists find small talk is important because it is an exchange of common feelings. Research also shows that, instead of a distraction, small talk is common at work because it unites people in a task and managers often start small talk to make their instruction softer.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，闲聊通常被认为没有意义，因为它不涉及真正的信息交流。然而，语言学家发现闲聊很重要，因为这是一种共同感受的交流。研究还表明，闲聊不仅不会分散注意力，而且在工作中很常见，因为它能把人们团结在一起，经理们经常开始闲聊，以使他们的指示更柔和。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Small talk is often thought of as unimportant, or perhaps worse, a substitute for real speech and thought in common opinion.
②One reason for small talk’s bad reputation is that it tends, for obvious reasons, to aim for the lowest common denominator (分母). In ritualized dialogue, little information is exchanged.
③However, linguists call that crucial hello, talk phatic (交流情感的) Bronislaw Malinowski, who coined the term in the 1920s; explained that in phatic talk ties of union are created by a mere exchange of words.
④Among other things, such chatter can bond equals together in a shared task. She also finds that bosses are more likely to initiate small talks with subordinates than the other round (as well as to cut it off). This is because, even without being told, a good manager realises that it can soften a following instruction.
2.缜密构思 将第1、2个要点进行总结，将第3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Small talk is often regarded meaningless since it involves no real information exchange.
But linguists find small talk is vital because it is an exchange of common feelings.
Research also indicates that, instead of a distraction, small talk is common at work for it unites people in a task and managers often start small talk to make their instruction softer.
【点睛】[高分句型1] However, linguists find small talk is important because it is an exchange of common feelings.运用because引导原因状语从句对原文第三段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Research also shows that, instead of a distraction, small talk is common at work because it unites people in a task and managers often start small talk to make their instruction softer.用that引导宾语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
4．Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being. However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much. Moreover, they fear the gesture being misinterpreted or causing stress. Researchers suggest people perform random kind acts more often. (53words)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明陌生人的意外的小小善举可以改善人们的幸福感，然而由于某些原因人们做出小小善举是还有些犹豫。研究人员建议人们多多行善。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Studies have shown that prosocial behavior — basically, voluntarily helping others — can help lower people’s daily stress levels ②The simple acts of connection, like texting a friend, mean more than many of us realize.
③miscalculation could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often.
④Stress can also keep people from being kind to others, Dr. Cousineau said, as can the “little judgy voice” in people’s heads that causes them to question whether their gesture or gift will be misinterpreted, or whether it will make the recipient feel pressured to pay it back.
⑤Researchers who study kindness and friendship say they hope the new findings strengthen the scientific case for making these types of gestures more often.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5个要点进行概括。
3.遣词造句Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being.
However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much.
Moreover, they fear the gesture being misinterpreted or causing stress.
Researchers suggest people perform random kind acts more often.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Studies have shown that stranger’s random acts of kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can improve people’s well-being.（运用了that引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】However, people hesitate to be nice to others, mistakenly believing the recipient doesn’t value it much. （运用了现在分词作状语）
5．Besides the pandemic, the lack of good movies keeps people from entering the cinema.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了除了流行病意外，好电影的缺乏也导致人们不去电影院看电影。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①At the very beginning, people would blame these astonishing on the pandemic.
②But the pandemic is not the only factor that prevents audiences from entering the cinema.
③The lack of good films to watch is the main reason why people lose their desire for the cinema.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2要点进行重组，将第1、2、3要点进行整合
3.遣词造句
In addition to the epidemic, the lack of good movies leads people not to go to the cinema.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Besides the pandemic, the lack of good movies keeps people from entering the cinema.（介词短语作状语，将文章第三和第四句话进行概括）
6．Jenny had her right leg cut off due to cancer at 10. Her cat Boogie kept her company as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic leg. Later in her life, Jenny devoted herself to helping animals, at first by filming animal mistreatment and then by running an animal sanctuary, where ill or injured animals received prosthetic limbs or braces.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了珍妮在10岁时因癌症切除了右腿。她的猫Boogie陪伴着她适应了假肢的生活。之后，珍妮致力于帮助动物，一开始是拍摄动物虐待，然后是经营一个动物保护区，在那里生病或受伤的动物接受假肢或支架。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Shortly after doctors diagnosed ten-year-old Jenny Brown with bone cancer, they had to cut off her right leg below the knee to save her life. The orange calico Jenny named Boogie rarely left her side, licking tears from her cheeks after hospital visits and curling up in her lap as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic (假肢的) leg.
②On the side, she volunteered as a videographer for animal rights groups, and in 2002, she shot undercover footage of horrible animal mistreatment at several Texas farm animal stockyards. A year later, she gave up her film career and with her fiancé, Doug Abel, a film editor, opened the Woodstock Farm Sanctuary, a nonprofit organization dedicated to rescuing and recovering farm animals, on a 22-acre property they bought in the rolling hills of Woodstock, New York, the next year.
③To date, seven of the preserve’s animals have received prosthetic limbs or braces.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3两个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Jenny had her right leg removed because of cancer at 10.
Her cat Boogie accompanied her as she adapted herself to life with a prosthetic leg.
Later in her life, Jenny committed herself to helping animals, at first by filming animal mistreatment and then by running an animal sanctuary, where sick or injured animals received prosthetic limbs or braces.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Her cat Boogie kept her company as she adjusted to life with a prosthetic leg.运用as引导时间状语对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Later in her life, Jenny devoted herself to helping animals, at first by filming animal mistreatment and then by running an animal sanctuary, where ill or injured animals received prosthetic limbs or braces.用where引导非限制性定语从句对最后三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
7．Panic buying occurs due to the need for people to be in control, feel connected to others who are also panic buying and be “smart shoppers”. Building up a large stock of supplies is a form of retail therapy that helps people manage their emotional state. In general, trying to stop people from panic buying is counterproductive.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，恐慌性购买的发生是由于人们需要控制自己，与其他也有恐慌性购买的人建立联系，并成为“聪明的购物者”。建立大量的供应库存是一种零售疗法，可以帮助人们管理自己的情绪状态。一般来说，试图阻止人们恐慌性购买是适得其反的。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Firstly, ‘autonomy’ -the idea that people feel the need to be in control.
②Secondly, ‘relatedness’ - panic shopping helps people to feel connected to the community or other shoppers who are doing the same.
③Lastly, ‘competence’ - people want to feel like they are ‘smart shoppers’ and doing the right thing.
④Well, supermarkets can ration the amount of products consumers purchase, and governments can try to reassure people that there is no need to panic.
⑤However, it seems that it goes against our basic psychology to try and stop people from panic buying.
⑥remember that panic buying is probably a given, thanks to our need for retail therapy to manage our emotional state.
2.缜密构思
将第4、5两个要点进行重组，将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合，将第6要点进行重写。
3.遣词造句
Panic buying occurs because people need to take control, connect with others who are also panic buying, and become “smart shoppers”.
Building a large supply inventory is a retail therapy that can help people manage their emotional state.
Generally speaking, trying to prevent people panic buying is counterproductive.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Panic buying occurs due to the need for people to be in control, feel connected to others who are also panic buying and be “smart shoppers”.(运用who引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] Building up a large stock of supplies is a form of retail therapy that helps people manage their emotional state. (运用that引导的定语从句)
8．One possible version:
Students are less interested in science, either as a major or a career. Those choosing science favor its better learning environment including labs and faculty while those rejecting it believe it’s difficult, hard to score high and has a poor reputation. But students should join in various science activities to get a positive impression of science and learn its benefits.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，无论是作为专业还是职业，学生们对科学都不太感兴趣。那些选择科学的人喜欢它更好的学习环境，包括实验室和教师，而那些拒绝科学的人则认为科学很难，很难得高分，而且名声不好。但学生应该参加各种科学活动，以获得科学的积极印象，并了解它的好处。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Concern has been expressed about a relative lack of interest in science as a school subject or future career.
②They enjoy conducting experiments in the well-equipped laboratories and appreciate the fact that compared with those in arts subjects, the teaching staff are more highly qualified. In consequence, science students believe they are learning in a more stimulating environment. Unfortunately, however, some students think twice before choosing sciences, because of their reputation as comparatively difficult subjects that involve memorizing facts and figures. Moreover, there is a widespread belief that high marks are harder to obtain in sciences.
③Students should be invited to participate in Science Fair projects, scientific work experience programmes and virtual Open Days at university science faculty so that a more positive impression of science can be created. They should also be made aware of the benefits of studying science, such as developing thinking skills, discovering how things work and — one day — finding real solutions to real problems.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Students take less interest in science, either as a major or a career.
Those who choose science favor its better learning environment including labs and teacher while those rejecting it believe it’s tough, hard to score high and has a poor reputation.
However, students should take part in various science activities to get a positive impression of science and learn its benefits.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Those choosing science favor its better learning environment including labs and faculty while those rejecting it believe it’s difficult, hard to score high and has a poor reputation.运用现在分词作定语对原文第二段和第三段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] But students should join in various science activities to get a positive impression of science and learn its benefits.用不定式作目的状语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
9．One possible version:
Sending “friendly” reminder emails can be annoying and the bad habit should be get rid of. First, vague words make you sound insecure and unreliable and thus should be replaced with clear and direct ones. Second, reminder emails may get ignored or lost. To catch receivers’ eyes, you should label the email “urgent” or just schedule a face-to-face meeting.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，发送“友好的”提醒邮件是很烦人的，这个坏习惯应该改掉。首先，模糊的词语会让你听起来不安全、不可靠，因此应该用清晰、直接的词语代替。第二，提醒邮件可能会被忽略或丢失。为了吸引收件人的眼球，你应该标记邮件为“紧急”，或者安排一次面对面的会议。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Not only are “friendly reminder” emails one of the annoying email habits you have, but everyone also secretly hates them.
②For one, if you use “hedge words” such as “kind of,” “maybe,” “probably.” etc., they will decrease your credibility with your coworkers. Be clear with your choice of words, choosing the straightforward “sending a reminder,“ instead. Trust you’re your employees will appreciate the directness.
③It’s also easy for those reminder emails to get lost in people’s inboxes, if not ignored immediately.
④Still, you need to get their attention somehow, right After all, you have a job to do! Once you send the classic reminder email, try scheduling a meeting with the person via calendar invite. Even re-sending the classic reminder email with a red “urgent” flag could do the trick.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Sending “friendly” reminder emails can be annoying and the bad habit should be given up.
First, blurry words make you sound unsafe and unreliable and thus should be replaced with clear and direct ones.
Second, reminder emails may get ignored or lost.
To be eye-catching, you should label the email “urgent” or just schedule a face-to-face meeting.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Sending “friendly” reminder emails can be annoying and the bad habit should be got rid of.运用被动语态对原文第三段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] To catch receivers’ eyes, you should label the email “urgent” or just schedule a face-to-face meeting.用不定式作目的状语从句对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
10．Beijing will open more museums this year. With the popularity of museums, there has been increasing participation among teenagers. The number of teenagers who visit increases each year. To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers. Besides, some museums also create online websites for teenagers. (57 words)
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍说，中国首都北京今年将再开一批博物馆。作为世界上最受欢迎的旅游景点之一，故宫博物院新分院的建设也拉开了序幕，在过去的几年里，随着博物馆热的日益高涨，中国的青少年越来越热衷于探索博物馆，在那里他们可以沉浸在现代科技和过去的文化中，为了吸引年轻游客，许多博物馆正在开展更多的线下活动，推出青少年专馆或创建青少年网站。
【详解】1 要点摘录：
①China’s capital, Beijing, is going to open another batch (一批) of museums this year.
②As the museum craze has grown stronger in the past few years, teenagers in China have become more involved in exploring museums, where they can immerse (沉浸) themselves in modern technology as well as culture from the past. According to Educator magazine, visits by teenagers to museums each year increased from 220 million to 290 million in the past 5 years.
③To draw younger visitors, many museums are creating more offline activities for the purpose of spreading Chinese culture.
④Apart from the activities, some museums even open branches especially designed for teenagers.
⑤Besides these offline approaches, a number of museums have also created official websites for teenagers, the Palace Museum in particular.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、5三个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Beijing will open more museums this year. With the popularity of museums, there has been increasing participation among teenagers. The number of teenagers who visit increases each year. To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers. Besides, some museums also create online websites for teenagers.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The number of teenagers who visit increases each year.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段进行了概括。其中who引导的定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2] To attract teenagers, some museums are developing more offline events that are related to Chinese culture, while others launch branches dedicated to teenagers.用that引导限制性定语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。