北京高考英语阅读表达专项训练（含解析）

阅读表达
To learn to think is to learn to question. Those who don’t question never truly think for themselves. These are simple rules that have governed the advancement of science and human thought since the beginning of time. Advancements are made when thinkers question theories and introduce new ones. Unfortunately, it is often the great and respected thinkers who end up slowing the progress of human thought. Aristotle was a brilliant philosopher whose theories explained much of the natural world, often incorrectly. He was so esteermed (敬重) by the scientific community that even 1,200 years after his death, scientists were still trying to build upon his mistakes rather than correct them!
Brilliant minds can frighten up-and-coming thinkers who are not confident of their abilities. They often believe they are inferior to the minds of giants such as Aristotle, leading many to accept current paradigms (范例) instead of questioning them.
I, like many thinkers of the past, once believed in my mental inferiority. But that attitude soon changed. My mind’s independence was first stimulated in the classroom.
A stern 65-year-old elementary school science teacher once told me that light is a type of wave. I confidently went through years of school believing that light is a wave. One day, however I heard the German exchange student mention that light could be made up of particles. As the others laughed at his statement, I started to question my beliefs.
Maybe the teachers and textbooks hadn’t given me the whole story. I went to the library, did some research and learned of the light-as-a-wave versus light- as-a-particle debate. I read about Einstein’s discovery of the dual nature of light and learned the facts of a paradox (悖论) that puzzles the world’s greatest thinkers to this day. Light behaves as both a particle and a wave, it is both at once. I realized I had gone through life accepting only half of the story as the whole truth.
Questions are said to be the path to knowledge and truth, and I plan to continue questioning. How many things do we know for sure today that we will question in the future Some knowledge may change in the next 20 years —maybe even in the next two. The one thing we can control now is our openness to discovery. Questions are the tools of open minds, and open minds are the key to intellectual advancement.
1．In the first paragraph, Aristotle is taken as an example to show that_______. (No more than 15 words)
2．Who promotes the intellectual advancement
3．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Because of the exchange student, the author began to question his beliefs and do research to find the truth and he wanted to keep doing research.
4．What else can you do to promote the development of science And explain. (In about 40 words)
Australia is becoming an increasingly lonely place, so much so that one party is turning it into an election issue. Social isolation (隔离) affects one in ten Australians, while one in six experience periods of emotional loneliness. As the Australian population gets older, rates of social isolation are expected to increase.
In Victoria, one political party thinks the problem is so severe that it requires government involvement with it. Fiona Patten, the upper house MP, has proposed that Victoria introduce a minister for loneliness to work across health, infrastructure, justice and communities portfolios, and handle what experts say is becoming a growing health problem.
“We know that everyone is at risk of loneliness in periods of life transition (转变),” says Tegan Cruwys, a psychological research fellow at Australian National University. “Whether that’s moving to university, becoming a mum, retiring from the workforce, changing jobs, moving cities. If you were someone who experienced loneliness during life transitions, that has less to do with you and much more to do with the World in which you are living.”
Kevin O’Neill is 56 and divorced in his early 40s. He says the transition from living with a wife and kids to living alone was tough. Things improved when he moved back to Keilor in Melbourne’s northern suburbs and reconnected with friends he grew up with. Avril Hannah-Jones, a Uniting Church minister, is also considering the risks associated with that transition. “At the moment the time I spend alone is by choice, and is a relaxation from a very demanding job,” she says. “Maybe in retirement, if being alone is no longer by choice, it could be a different story.”
Brook says retirees can protect against the health risks of loneliness by joining one or two community groups or volunteer communities. “If you’re 65 and you retire and you just sort of move around the house ... your chances of dying within six years are 12% — that’s an early death,” she says. “If you retire at 65 and you join one interest group .... choir, knitting, woodworking, men’s shed, anything, your chances of dying in that six years has reduced by half.”
The risk of an early death decreases with every group or meaningful activity you join. “I think that’s a really profoundly simple but profoundly powerful message of optimism about this issue.” Cruwys says the social risk of retirement should be discussed and planned for as openly as the financial risks.
5．In Victoria, what might be a way to solve the problem of social isolation (within 15 words)
6．What can the two examples in Paragraph 3 and Paragraph 4 prove
7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
If retirees join interest groups, their chances of dying in the following several years can be dangerously higher.
8．Please briefly present how to deal with people’s loneliness in the modern society. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Do you think you’re a good listener Chances are you do. But studies show that most people seriously overestimate their ability to listen. The truth is we are generally not good at listening, and our listening comprehension declines as we age.
Why aren’t we good at listening One reason concerns the speed at which we think. The adult brain can process up to around 400 words per minute. This means during a conversation an average person thinks more than three times faster than he speaks. Therefore, we can easily think about something else while someone is talking to us, allowing our mind to wander or get sidetracked. Thinking about how you will reply while someone is still talking is one of the most common barriers to effective listening.
Another factor that contributes to our poor listening is our ever-decreasing attention span (持续时间). According to study conducted by Microsoft, in 2000—around the time the mobile revolution began—the average human attention span was 12 seconds; by 2013, it had fallen to 8 seconds! Our mobile devices provide constant distractions, which can be very destructive to listening. Test results have shown that being interrupted by a cell phone lowers listening comprehension by 20 percent.
Interruptions and distractions can cause a dramatic decline in listening ability—but they don’t have to. More and more people now realize that listening is a skill that can be developed through practice. Learning to observe a speaker’s body language and emotions, for example, can improve our active listening. Even the simple act of note-taking or making eye contact can help us stay focused while listening.
The rewards of effective listening are many. Research suggests that people who are good listeners make better leaders. And a recent study indicates that employees who don’t believe their bosses are listening to them are less likely to offer helpful suggestions and new ideas. As Dr. Ralph Nichols once said, “The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood. The best way to understand people is to listen to them.”
9．According to Paragraph 2, why is it easy for us to get distracted during a conversation
10．What has caused the decrease of our attention span
11．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The decline of listening ability caused by distractions is sharp, and it is hard to be prevented.
12．Please introduce the rewards that effective listening brings to you.
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The Impact of Social Media on Adolescents (青少年)
Using social media has become a routine activity for most young people. In recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically, so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet.
Social media allow young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools, which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity. At the same time, social media helps them get what they want, increase their knowledge and confidence in their academic (学业的) performance.
While social media provides many benefits, it can also have a negative impact on young people, both physically and mentally. It is easy to become addicted, and research shows that students who spend too much time on social media can suffer from poor sleep, eye fatigue, negative body image, depression, anxiety and more. Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours, which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment (骚扰).
Using social media becomes a risk to adolescents more than they can realise. When people go on to websites, they leave evidence of their visits. This ongoing record of online activity is called the “digital footprint”. One of the biggest threats to young people on social media is to their digital footprint and future reputations (名誉). Young people who lack an awareness of privacy issues often post inappropriate material without understanding that “what goes online stays online”. As a result, future jobs and college acceptance maybe put in danger by inexperienced clicks of the mouse.
13．Why is a large part of young people’s social and emotional development occurring on the Internet
14．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
15．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment.
16．You have been physically distanced from school this term. How do you make full use of social media to better your life and study Please give one or two examples. (In about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。
Will My Donation Actually Help
When we donate money to one of the countless charities, we give it to an unknown person over the phone or through the Internet. We have absolutely no idea about where that money goes to, what it buys or who it helps. At least that is the case for most of the charities. Perhaps you should start to take a greater interest in where your donations go, because many of them may lead to dead ends.
You really should ask the question: will my donation actually help the people Sometimes it makes matter worse. For example, many charities help African people set up water pumps (水泵) to deliver clean water to their communities. Money has been invested over the past 20 years to set up a total of 60,000 pumps across sub-Saharan Africa. However, today 40% of those have failed to work at some point. Because the community does not have the resources or know how to fix the problem, they have been left there, like expensive but useless decorations.
For underdeveloped nations, sending endless containers full of material goods from charity will hurt the local economy. For instance, Hand-Me-Down charities and others will ship used clothes and other goods to Africa. Kenya alone receives more than 100.000 tons of clothes from Global Charities each year. The problem is that these mountains of imported clothes have completely destroyed local textile (纺织品) industries, which have previously supported local economies. In the 1980s, 500,000 people were employed by Kenya’s textile industry. Today the number falls to less than 20.000.
Basically, to whom and how much you give is your choice. But it is important to provide highly specialized services instead of material goods. In general, the more your donation matches the need of the receivers, the better it will be for the long-term growth of those you want to help.
17．Why do the water pumps across sub-Saharan Africa become useless
________________
18．What advice does the author give in the last paragraph
________________
19．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The economy in Kenya becomes better because of the imported clothes from Global Charities.
________________
20．In your daily life, what will you do to make your donation really helpful (In about 40 words)
________________
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Avoiding Procrastination——A Lesson You Shouldn’t Put Off
You sit down to write a report for school, but decide to scroll your phone first. Soon, it’s evening and you still haven’t started that report. You’ve been having procrastination. It is not simple laziness. It’s the habit of avoiding urgent tasks despite negative consequences.
When you’re facing a task, one part of your mind is rational (理性的) and says, “Let’s do it.” Another part is irrational. It says, “Wouldn’t a quick video game be fun ” That part seeks instant satisfaction, while the rational part knows you should do your work. Being procrastinating may relieve pressure in the moment, but it is a force that constantly works against us, in our studies and our personal lives. It often stops us from reaching our potential and students who routinely procrastinate tend to get lower grades. In general, habitual procrastinators have to face high physical costs and the increase of stress and worry. It is something we all need to think about——and think about today, not tomorrow. So how do we beat it
First, we must understand the emotions behind procrastination. Studies have shown that people are more likely to procrastinate when they feel negative emotions, such as fear of failure or fright about doing boring tasks, toward things that need to be completed. It’s therefore important to ignore your mood, and just dive in and take the first step. For example, if you are writing a report, start by simply putting your name at the top of page one. Then, focus on taking one step at a time until you reach the finish line. When you’re done, reward yourself——maybe by doing something fun that was distracting (使分神) you before.
If you do put things off, make sure to forgive yourself, since guilt makes the urge to procrastinate stronger. Beating procrastination, though, will help you in all aspects of your life, from finishing tasks at school to achieving personal goals. The time to start is now!
21．According to this passage, what’s procrastination
22．What are the negative effects of procrastination
23．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Procrastination is more likely to appear when we have negative emotions, so we should reward ourselves first to delight us.
24．In addition to the tips mentioned in the passage, what other beneficial strategies can you offer to procrastinators (In about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
How AI Will Impact the Future of Work and Life
AI, or artificial intelligence, seems to be on the tip of everyone’s tongue these days. While I’ve been aware of this major trend in tech development for a while, I’ve noticed AI appearing more and more as one of the most in-demand areas of expertise for job seekers.
I’m sure that for many of us, the term “AI” conjures up sci-fi fantasies or fear about robots taking over the world. The depictions of AI in the media have run the gamut, and while no one can predict exactly how it will evolve in the future, the current trends and developments paint a much different picture of how AI will become part of our lives.
In reality, AI is already at work all around us, impacting everything from our search results, to our online dating prospects, to the way we shop. Data shows that the use of AI in many sectors of business has grown by 270% over the last four years.
But what will AI mean for the future of work As computers and technology have evolved, this has been one of the most pressing questions. As with many technological developments throughout history, the advancement of artificial intelligence has created fears that human workers will become obsolete.
The reality is probably a lot less dire, but maybe even more complicated.
What is AI
Before we do a deep dive on the ways in which AI will impact the future of work, it’s important to start simple: what is AI A straightforward definition from Britannica states that artificial intelligence is “the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.”
“AI” has become a catchall term to describe any advancements in computing, systems and technology in which computer programs can perform tasks or solve problems that require the kind of reason we associate with human intelligence, even learning from past processes.
This ability to learn is a key component of AI. Algorithms, like the dreaded Facebook algorithm that replaced all our friends with sponsored content, are often associated with AI.
AI will probably not make human workers obsolete, at least not for a long time.
25．According to the passage, what is “AI”
________________
26．How does AI affect our life
________________
27．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
No one can predict exactly how AI will develop in the future, and the key component of it has not been found.
________________
28．Will AI replace the jobs of humans in the future Please give your reasons. (In about 40 words)
________________
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
While most spiders hunt alone, there are a few hundred species of social spiders that live in colonies. A．studiosus is one of them. Up to 50 individuals gather together to spin large collective webs, which catch larger prey than each spider could trap on its own.
All the colony members look the same, but they don’t all behave in the same way. The females can be aggressive or docile (温驯的). It’s surprisingly easy to realize their personalities—just put two of them in a small box overnight and check on them the next morning. If they’re both docile, they will have built a joint web in one corner of the box. If one of them is aggressive, the pair will be at opposite corners.
Colin Wright from the University of Pittsburgh has now found that these personality types do different jobs within the web, creating a natural division of labor. They’re a little like ants, where small workers clean and look for food, and big soldiers guard and defend. But unlike these insects, the social spiders don’t have castes (社会阶层) with different builds. Instead, their roles are defined by their personalities.
When Wright’s team first started studying A．studiosus, they couldn’t work out what the docile spiders did. They didn’t seem to repair webs, keep enemies away, or catch prey. But when the researchers checked the fates of colonies in the wild, they found that those with a mix of docile and aggressive members were more likely to survive than those with just a single type. The docile members were clearly doing something important.
It turns out that they act as the colony’s babysitters. They spend most of their time standing watching over the eggs, or directly feeding the youngsters by regurgitating (反刍) food—just like a mother bird might. Meanwhile, the aggressive spiders generally avoid these tasks; instead, they spend most of their time building the web, catching prey, and defending their pared to the docile spiders, the aggressive ones are better at those tasks, because the docile females rarely respond to enemies—and when they do respond, they do so slowly.
For now, it’s not clear why the spiders naturally fall into their respective careers, or even what drives their different personalities in the first place. The team are now trying to answer these questions. In the meantime, Wright suggests that biologists should pay more attention to personality types, when trying to understand how animal societies work.
29．According to the passage, what are the two personality types of female A．studiosus
30．What are the aggressive female spiders mainly responsible for
31．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
In an A．studiosus colony, the division of labor is based on the different builds of the spiders.
32．Do you think personality traits influence human career choices Why or why not (In about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
We often hear about the negative aspects of anxiety, but could there be any advantages or benefits that come from living with anxiety Anxiety is a feeling that is often characterized by intense fear and worry.
Many individuals with anxiety describe it as a feeling of nervousness and fear that can be distracting and all-consuming. It is typically experienced on many levels, affecting one’s emotions and leading to uncomfortable physical sensations, and negative thoughts. However, have you ever considered some of the possible positive effects that may come with having anxiety Scientists have learned that some degree of stress or anxiety isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Good stress, something now referred to as eustress, keeps us motivated and excited about life. It appears that some degree of anxiety may have similar “silver linings”.
Anxiety may be just the warning sign you need to bring awareness to your current situation and make some necessary changes in your life. For example, you may find that you have a friendship that is no longer working, or perhaps your job is causing a great deal of stress. Your anxiety can be difficult to manage, but exploring and coping with your anxiety can be a real opportunity for self-growth.
Anxiety may help you feel more motivated and prepared when faced with challenges. Research has shown that students and athletes who experienced some anxiety actually performed better on tests or in competitive sports. For instance, perhaps your anxiety assists you in putting extra effort into work or personal tasks, making a good impression, or moving towards your goals.
People who have dealt with anxiety may be more sympathetic and understanding to the problems that others face. Having gone through personal struggles yourself, you may be more sensitive, loving, and accepting when friends and family members are dealing with personal challenges.
Even though there can be some potential benefits to experiencing anxiety, it is worthwhile to point that it can also become a real hindrance to many aspects of your life. If anxiety is preventing you from living the life you desire, then it may be time to get professional help.
33．What is anxiety according to the passage
34．What can eustress do to us
35．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Research has shown that students with some anxiety are sure to perform worse on tests.
36．How will you deal with anxiety in your life (In about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Some of the world’s most important scientists think the idea of people living on Mars will come true one day. Stephen Hawking believed humans must move into space to survive. “Once we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe.” he said. Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense. He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot — for example, about the ability of humans to live in a very different environment.
However, scientists will need to terraform Mars for people to be able to live. Terraforming means changing the environment on a planet so that it is similar to Earth’s. One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up because the average temperature there is about -60℃. One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there that produce greenhouse gases. This could take many centuries. However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe.
Another big concern for scientists is whether humans can move to Mars and still stay healthy in mind and body. As a test, six people lived in a Mars-like environment in Hawaii for a year before “returning to Earth” recently. It was a 1,200-square-foot room that was on the side of a volcano and used the sun for energy. Christiane Heinicke, one of the people who lived there, said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities.
One particular organisation based in Europe is planning to send the first humans to Mars before 2030. The organisation believes that its project is giving people worldwide the chance to be part of the first human crew ever to live on Mars for good. However, many experts think the project’s cost of USS6 billion is too low for it to be successful. The American space agency NASA believes that sending people to Mars would cost about USS100 billion, although this estimate is based on bringing them back to Earth, too. Regardless, it seems that humans living on Mars may well happen a lot sooner than most people believe.
37．What can we learn if we send humans to Mars according to Robert Zubrin
38．What does “terraforming” mean
39．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
According to the test, in order to stay healthy in mind and body on Mars, it is necessary for humans on Mars to stay away from various activities.
40．What should we do now before humans can live on Mars (In about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Be Aware of the Anti-climax
Many of us work tirelessly towards our goals, We may spend our lives dreaming of the day we are admitted to our dream university, publish our first book or purchase our first home. However, more than often, when we achieve these things, it doesn’t feel quite as expected. In fact, the achievement of these goals feels anti-climactic, or a bit of a letdown.
“An anti-climax can be an unexpected by-product of a milestone achievement. Usually, the more significant the milestone, the greater the anti-climax may be,” says Rachel Vora, psychotherapist and founder of CYP Wellbeing. “The journey to achieving a milestone can be exciting and all-consuming. Therefore, when this disappears overnight, we can often feel lost and confused.”
In psychology, the belief that we’ll be happier when we achieve our goals even has a fancy scientific name. Psychologists call it “arrival fallacy (悖论)” and it plays a big part in those feelings of emptiness that can follow achieving a goal. “The term describes how fulfilling our goals and achieving our ambitions doesn’t lead to a ‘happily ever after’”, states psychologist Lee Chambers.
If you find yourself currently working toward something big that you suspect may feel like a bit of a letdown, there are steps you can take to manage and even prevent the feeling of anti-climax.
Enjoy the journey
You’d better slow down a little and come to realize that joy comes from the doing, not the completing. So instead of rushing for it to be done, take a moment to enjoy the doing.
Foresee the comedown
If you are aware of a potential upcoming anti-climax, schedule an activity to look forward to soon after the event has finished. Consider planning some time with friends and family, or attending a concert or even a cooking class. This can act as a reminder that other aspects of life can be just as fulfilling.
Normalize the experience
The key is to normalize feelings of low mood, confusion, and self-doubt around anti-climaxes, which are something many people experience. Connecting with others may also be beneficial. It can help to engage with friends and influencers online who share similar experiences to feel less isolated (孤立的) with your own emotions.
41．According to the passage, how do people often feel after they make great achievements
42．What does “arrival fallacy” refer to
43．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
To deal with your anti-climax, you’d better stay away from those who share similar experiences with you.
44．Suppose you have just been admitted to your dream university. What will you do to deal with the anti-climax (In about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容完成对该问题的回答。
Once upon a time, there was a tiger. His name was Kamau which means the quiet soldier. Kamau wondered, “Will I ever live up to my name ” Kamau is young and makes friends with everyone, but thinks low of himself. His leg disability makes it hard to walk. It makes him feel useless. But what he doesn’t know is that today will change it all.
One bright morning, Kamau spotted a bird in a tree, whose bright colors are so cheerful. She looked old. And he noticed one of her wings was cut. Kamau kept on walking towards the bird. “My name is Jelani,” she squawked as if she could read his mind. “I am Kamau,” he roared. “I know,” she said as if she had been watching over him his whole life. They spent a moment studying each other. At last, Kamau continued going past the tree.
“Do you know the meaning of your name ” she asked. Kamau stopped. The pain showed in his eyes. This is a question he has asked himself every day.
“My name means quiet soldier,” he said. Then he paused. “But I have been given the wrong name, for I am no warrior.”
“Do you know what my name means ” she asked. There was silence. “It means mighty. But as you can see, my body is not fit for it.” Then she looked up.
Kamau asked, “What are you looking at ”
“I am dreaming of flying free. Have you ever thought of running through the jungle, pride in your face ”
“We will never get that kind of life.” Kamau said angrily.
Jelani expected this. So, she explained why she didn’t care about it. “Sometimes, you have to let go of the things you don’t have and make do with what you have.”
“But even if I know this, I can’t be happy because I can’t do anything about my body. My mind knows it,” he said.
“I don’t know what you’ll be, but your mind tells you. It’s telling you that you’re useless, but if you ask your mind to stop, you will find your true self!” Jelani tells him.
Kamau realizes how lucky he was to have met Jelani. How fortunate he was to be able to change his mind.
Kamau finishes the story, making his sons think. It’s a year later and Kamau is a father. He hopes to teach his sons the same lesson that Jelani taught him. “Sons, we can’t always depend on physical abilities to show us who we are. First, think about what your mind can do to change your bad feelings into good ones.”
45．Why does Kamau think low of himself
46．Paraphrase the underlined sentence in paragraph 2.
Kamau spotted a bird in a tree, whose bright colors are so cheerful
47．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Kamau finally realized that it is important to move on toward the things you desire and forget what you already have.
What ways do you have to change your bad feelings into good ones （50词左右）
参考答案：
1．huge influence of great thinkers may block human thought. 2．Thinkers who question theories and introduce new ones. 3．Because of the exchange student, the author began to question his beliefs and do research to find the truth and he wanted to keep doing research. Because the sixth paragraph of the article mentioned that “Questions are said to be the path to knowledge and truth, and I plan to continue questioning.” So we know that the author thought questioning is the path to knowledge and truth, and he wanted to continue questioning. 4．We can spread the knowledge of science and stimulate people’s interest in science.Once people’s interest is stimulated, there is likely to be more and more innovation in science, so we can do this to promote the development of science.
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讲述质疑权威的重要性。只有不断质疑以前的理论并提出新的理论时，社会才得以进步。质疑是通向知识和真理的途径，质疑是开放思想的工具，开放思想是智力进步的关键。
1．考查细节理解。根据原文第一段“Unfortunately, it is often the great and respected thinkers who end up slowing the progress of human thought.”（不幸的是，往往是伟大而受人尊敬的思想家最终减缓了人类思想的进步）可知一些伟大的思想家减缓了人类进步的步伐，原文以亚里士多德为例说明了这点。故答案为huge influence of great thinkers may block human thought.
2．考查推理判断。根据原文第一段“Advancements are made when thinkers question theories and introduce new ones.”（当思想家质疑理论并引入新的理论时，进步就产生了）可知，那些质疑并引入新理论的思想家们促进了智力进步。故答案为Thinkers who question theories and introduce new ones.
3．考查细节理解。根据文章第六段“Questions are said to be the path to knowledge and truth, and I plan to continue questioning.”（质疑是通向知识和真理的途径，我打算继续质疑。）可知作者认为质疑是通向知识和真理的途径，他打算继续质疑而不是做研究。故答案为：Because of the exchange student, the author began to question his beliefs and do research to find the truth and he wanted to keep doing research. Because the sixth paragraph of the article mentioned that “Questions are said to be the path to knowledge and truth, and I plan to continue questioning.” So we know that the author thought questioning is the path to knowledge and truth, and he wanted to continue questioning.
4．开放性问题。答案不唯一，符合逻辑即可，字数不超过40。We can spread the knowledge of science and stimulate people’s interest in science. Once people’s interest is stimulated, there is likely to be more and more innovation in science, so we can do this to promote the development of science.
5．In Victoria, introducing a minister for loneliness might help solve the problem of social isolation. 6．They can prove that people are at risk of loneliness in periods of life transition, and that has more to do with the World in which they are living. 7．If retirees join interest groups, their chances of dying in the following several years can be dangerously higher. From what is said--“If retirees join interest groups, their chances of dying in the following several years can be dangerously higher.” in the fifth paragraph, we can draw a conclusion that if retirees join interest groups, their chances of dying in the following several years can be reduced greatly. 8．In the modern society, people's loneliness can be reduced by joining community groups, volunteer communities, group or meaningful activities.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了在澳大利亚，孤独成了一个社会问题。作者对于造成这一问题的原因进行了分析，并提出了解决方案。
5．细节理解题。根据第二自然段“Fiona Patten, the upper house MP, has proposed that Victoria introduce a minister for loneliness to work across health, infrastructure, justice and communities portfolios, and handle what experts say is becoming a growing health problem.(上议院议员Fiona Patten提议维多利亚州引入一位孤独问题部长，负责卫生、基础设施、司法和社区事务，并处理专家所说的日益严重的健康问题。)”可知，在维多利亚州，解决社会孤立问题的方法可能是引入一位孤独问题部长。故答案为：In Victoria, introducing a minister for loneliness might help solve the problem of social isolation.
6．推理判断题。根据第三自然段““We know that everyone is at risk of loneliness in periods of life transition (转变),…Whether that's moving to university, becoming a mum, retiring from the workforce, changing jobs, moving cities. If you were someone who experienced loneliness during life transitions, that has less to do with you and much more to do with the World in which you are living.(“我们知道，每个人在人生过渡时期都有孤独的风险……无论是上大学、当妈妈、退休、换工作、搬到城市。如果你是一个在生活转型期间经历孤独的人，这与你关系不大，与你所生活的世界关系更大。”)”可知，每个人在人生过渡时期都有孤独的风险。根据第四自然段可知，凯文·奥尼尔56岁经历了离异这一过渡期的孤独；艾薇儿·汉娜·琼斯正在考虑退休这一过渡期的社交孤独。这两人的事例是为了证明每个人在人生过渡时期都有孤独的风险，而且在生活转型期间经历孤独与生活的世界关系更大。故答案为：They can prove that people are at risk of loneliness in periods of life transition, and that has more to do with the World in which they are living.
7．细节理解题。根据第五自然段“Brook says retirees can protect against the health risks of loneliness by joining one or two community groups or volunteer communities….If you retire at 65 and you join one interest group .... your chances of dying in that six years has reduced by half.”(布鲁克说，退休人员可以通过加入一个或两个社区团体或志愿者社区来防止孤独带来的健康风险……如果你65岁退休，加入一个兴趣小组……那么你在这六年内死亡的几率减少了一半。)”可知，如果退休人员加入兴趣小组，他们在未来几年内死亡的可能性会大大降低。故答案为：If retirees join interest groups, their chances of dying in the following several years can be dangerously higher. From what is said — “If retirees join interest groups, their chances of dying in the following several years can be dangerously higher.” in the fifth paragraph, we can draw a conclusion that if retirees join interest groups, their chances of dying in the following several years can be reduced greatly.
8．开放题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。结合文章，根据第五自然段“Brook says retirees can protect against the health risks of loneliness by joining one or two community groups or volunteer communities.(布鲁克说，退休人员可以通过加入一个或两个社区团体或志愿者社区来防止孤独带来的健康风险)”和最后一段“The risk of an early death decreases with every group or meaningful activity you join.(你参加的每一个团体或有意义的活动都会降低早逝的风险。)”可推知，在现代社会，人们的孤独感可以通过加入社区团体、志愿社区、团体或有意义的活动来减少。故参考答案为：In the modern society, people's loneliness can be reduced by joining community groups, volunteer communities, group or meaningful activities.
9．Because during a conversation an average person thinks more than three times faster than he speaks and he may think about how to reply. 10． Our mobile devices 11．The decline of listening ability caused by distractions is sharp, and it is hard to be prevented.
Because More and more people now realize that listening is a skill that can be developed through practice. 12． 参考答案:First of all, good listeners make better leaders.Secondly,listening more allows us to understand others’views, take their strengths and understand their logical thinking. In addition, being a listener is good for us to deal with individual problems and improve our personal qualities!
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述我们通常不擅长倾听，随着年龄的增长，我们的倾听理解能力会下降，并分析我们不擅长倾听的原因。
9．考查细节理解。由文章第二段“One reason concerns the speed at which we think. The adult brain can process up to around 400 words per minute. This means during a conversation an average person thinks more than three times faster than he speaks. Therefore, we can easily think about something else while someone is talking to us, allowing our mind to wander or get sidetracked.(一个原因与我们思考的速度有关。成年人的大脑每分钟可以处理大约400个单词。这意味着在谈话中，一个普通人的思考速度是他说话速度的三倍以上。因此，当有人和我们说话时，我们可以很容易地想到其他事情，让我们的思想四处游荡或偏离方向。)”和“Thinking about how you will reply while someone is still talking is one of the most common barriers to effective listening.(当别人还在说话时思考你会如何回答是有效倾听最常见的障碍之一。)”可知，是因为我们思考的速度比我们说话的速度快很多和思考你会如何回答，导致我们会分心。故答案为Because during a conversation an average person thinks more than three times faster than he speaks and he may think about how to reply.
10．考查细节理解。由文章第三段“According to study conducted by Microsoft, in 2000—around the time the mobile revolution began—the average human attention span was 12 seconds; by 2013, it had fallen to 8 seconds! Our mobile devices provide constant distractions, which can be very destructive to listening. (根据微软的研究，2000年移动革命开始前后，人类的平均注意力跨度为12秒；到2013年，它已经下降到8秒！我们的移动设备会不断分散注意力，这会对听力造成很大破坏。)”可知，我们的移动设备会让我们降低注意力时长。故答案为Our mobile devices.
11．考查推理判断。由文章倒数第二段“Interruptions and distractions can cause a dramatic decline in listening ability—but they don't have to. More and more people now realize that listening is a skill that can be developed through practice. Learning to observe a speaker’s body language and emotions, for example, can improve our active listening. Even the simple act of note-taking or making eye contact can help us stay focused while listening.(干扰和分心可能会导致听力能力急剧下降，但并非必须如此。越来越多的人现在意识到倾听是一种可以通过练习来改善的技能。例如，学习观察说话者的肢体语言和情绪可以提高我们的积极听力。即使是简单的记笔记或眼神交流也能帮助我们在听的时候保持专注。)”可知，听力能力下降是可以防范的，我们可以练习来改善听力技能。因此原句中的“ it is hard to be prevented.”是错误的，故答案为The decline of listening ability caused by distractions is sharp, and it is hard to be prevented.Because More and more people now realize that listening is a skill that can be developed through practice.
12．开放题。根据最后一段“The rewards of effective listening are many. Research suggests that people who are good listeners make better leaders. (有效倾听的回报是多方面的。研究表明，善于倾听的人会成为更好的领导者。)”,同时开放性题目考生言之有理即可。参考答案为：First of all, good listeners make better leaders.Secondly,listening more allows us to understand others’views, take their strengths and understand their logical thinking. In addition, being a listener is good for us to deal with individual problems and improve our personal qualities!
13．Because in recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically. 14．It’s mainly about the benefits that social media provides to teenagers. 15．Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. Because frequent online expressions of offline behaviours have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment. 16．I will use social media to stay connected with my friends and exchange ideas with my teachers. Besides, I will use social media to get knowledge. (答案不唯一，符合文意即可)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体给青少年带来的好处和弊端。
13．考查细节理解。根据第一段关键句“In recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically, so a large part of their social and emotional development is occurring while they are on the Internet. (近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加，因此他们的社交和情感发展很大一部分是在互联网上进行的。)”可知，年轻人的社交和情感发展很大一部分发生在互联网上是因为近年来，使用社交媒体的年轻人数量急剧增加。故答案为Because in recent years, the number of young people using social media has increased dramatically.
14．考查主旨大意。根据第二段关键句“Social media allow young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. Some schools successfully use blogs as teaching tools, which has the benefit of improving skills in written expression and creativity. (社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上完成许多对他们来说很重要的任务：与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友，交流想法。一些学校成功地使用博客作为教学工具，这有利于提高书面表达和创造力的技能。)”可知，文章第二段主要介绍了社交媒体给青少年带来的好处，例如可以在网上与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友和交流想法等。故答案为It’s mainly about the benefits that social media provides to teenagers.
15．考查推理判断。根据第三段关键句“Research also indicates that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviours, which have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment (骚扰). (研究还表明，人们经常在网上表达离线行为，这带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题。)”可知，人们经常在网上表达离线行为，这带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题，并不是“不当的数字足迹”会对网络欺凌和在线骚扰产生影响，由此可知，句中“Young people’s improper digital footprint”是错误的，应改为“frequent online expressions of offline behaviours”，因为经常在网上表达离线行为带来了网络欺凌和在线骚扰等问题。故答案为Young people’s improper digital footprint may have an impact on cyberbullying and online harassment. Because frequent online expressions of offline behaviours have introduced problems such as cyberbullying and online harassment.
16．开放题。根据第二段关键句“Social media allow young people to achieve online many of the tasks that are important to them offline: staying connected with friends and family, making new friends, and exchanging ideas. (社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上完成许多对他们来说很重要的任务：与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友，交流想法。)”可知，社交媒体可以让年轻人在网上与朋友和家人保持联系，结交新朋友和交流想法等，由此可知，如果这学期你与学校的距离太远，你可以通过社交媒体与朋友保持联系，与老师交流想法或通过社交媒体获取知识等，答案不唯一，符合文意即可。故答案为I will use social media to stay connected with my friends and exchange ideas with my teachers. Besides, I will use social media to get knowledge. (答案不唯一，符合文意即可)
17．Because the community does not have the resources or know how to fix the problem. 18．The author’s advice is that if we want to make donations, we should make sure our donation matches the need of the receivers, so that it will be good for the growth of the one we want to help in the long term. 19．The economy in Kenya becomes better because of the imported clothes from Global Charities.
The economy in Kenya becomes worse because of the imported clothes from Global Charities. 20．In my daily life, I’ll buy something to eat for the people who are hungry, begging in the street. Besides, I’ll donate books to the children who are fond of reading but can’t afford books.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了我们捐赠的东西未必就能真正地帮助别人，作者建议捐赠与受助人的需求匹配才是最好的选择。
17．考查细节理解。根据第二段“However, today 40% of those have failed to work at some point. Because the community does not have the resources or know how to fix the problem, they have been left there, like expensive but useless decorations.(然而，如今有40%的水泵在某些时候无法工作。因为社区没有资源或不知道如何修理这个问题，它们被留在那里，就像昂贵但无用的装饰。)”可知，这些水泵没有用处是因为当地社区没有资源或不知道如何修理这个问题。故答案为Because the community does not have the resources or know how to fix the problem.
18．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“In general, the more your donation matches the need of the receivers, the better it will be for the long-term growth of those you want to help.(一般来说，你的捐赠与受助人的需求越匹配，对你想帮助的人的长期发展就越有利。)”可知，作者建议如果想要捐赠的物品对被捐赠者有用，最好捐赠品要和被捐赠者的需求匹配。故答案为The author’s advice is that if we want to make donations, we should make sure our donation matches the need of the receivers, so that it will be good for the growth of the one we want to help in the long term.
19．考查细节理解。根据第三段“The problem is that these mountains of imported clothes have completely destroyed local textile(纺织品) industries, which have previously supported local economies. In the 1980s, 500,000 people were employed by Kenya’s textile industry. Today the number falls to less than 20.000.(问题是，这些堆积如山的进口服装彻底摧毁了此前支撑当地经济的纺织业。上世纪80年代，肯尼亚纺织业雇佣了50万人。如今，这一数字下降到了2万以下。)”可知，肯尼亚的经济因为这些进口服装而变得更糟糕。所以原句中的better是错的，故答案为The economy in Kenya becomes better because of the imported clothes from Global Charities.
The economy in Kenya becomes worse because of the imported clothes from Global Charities.
20．开放题，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。题干问的是：在你的日常生活中，你会做些什么来让你的捐款真正有帮助？在日常生活中，我会买些东西给在街上乞讨饥饿的人吃。此外，我会把书捐给那些喜欢读书但买不起书的孩子们。故参考答案为：In my daily life, I’ll buy something to eat for the people who are hungry, begging in the street. Besides, I’ll donate books to the children who are fond of reading but can’t afford books.
21．Procrastination is a habit of avoiding urgent tasks despite negative consequences. 22．Procrastination prevents us from reaching our potential and getting high grades, which has negative effects on our physical and psychological heath if practiced habitually. 23．Procrastination is more likely to appear when we have negative emotions, so we should reward ourselves first to delight us.
Because we should ignore our negative mood, just dive in and take the first step. 24．言之有理即可。
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拖延症，分析了其产生的原因以及介绍了两个克服拖延症的小方法。
21．考查细节理解。根据第一段“It is not simple laziness. It’s the habit of avoiding urgent tasks despite negative consequences.(这不是简单的懒惰。这是一种不顾负面后果而逃避紧急任务的习惯。)”可知，拖延症是一种不顾负面后果而逃避紧急任务的习惯。故答案为Procrastination is a habit of avoiding urgent tasks despite negative consequences.
22．考查推理判断。根据第二段“It often stops us from reaching our potential and students who routinely procrastinate tend to get lower grades. In general, habitual procrastinators have to face high physical costs and the increase of stress and worry.(它经常阻碍我们发挥自己的潜能，经常拖延的学生往往会得到较低的分数。一般来说，习惯性拖延者不得不面对高昂的身体成本，以及压力和担忧的增加。)”可知，拖延症会使得我们不能发挥潜能，得不到高分，对我们的身心都有不好的影响。故答案为Procrastination prevents us from reaching our potential and getting high grades, which has negative effects on our physical and psychological heath if practiced habitually.
23．考查推理判断。根据第三段“First, we must understand the emotions behind procrastination. Studies have shown that people are more likely to procrastinate when they feel negative emotions, such as fear of failure or fright about doing boring tasks, toward things that need to be completed. It’s therefore important to ignore your mood, and just dive in and take the first step.(首先，我们必须了解拖延症背后的情绪。研究表明，当人们对需要完成的事情产生负面情绪时，比如害怕失败或害怕做无聊的任务，他们更有可能拖延。因此，忽略自己的情绪是很重要的，投入进去，迈出第一步。)”可知，当人们产生负面情绪时， 就会容易拖延，此时，我们应该忽略自己的负面情绪，投入工作中。因此原句中的“reward ourselves first to delight us.”是错误的，故答案为Procrastination is more likely to appear when we have negative emotions, so we should reward ourselves first to delight us. Because we should ignore our negative mood, just dive in and take the first step.
24．开放题。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为：People often procrastinate because they think they can put off the work for a while, so it’s important for us to set goals and make a daily schedule in order to reach them. Besides, we need to turn off the Internet to avoid being distracted.
25．Artificial intelligence is “the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.” 26．AI is already at work all around us, impacting everything from our search results, to our online dating prospects, to the way we shop. 27．No one can predict exactly how AI will develop in the future, and the key component of it has not been found.According to the passage, the ability to learn is a key component of AI. 28．I don’t think that AI will replace the jobs of humans. For example, empathy is one of the pillars which make humans. AI doesn’t possess such emotions. So no matter how developed AI becomes, it’ll not replace jobs which require high empathy, intricate human understanding, and managing emotions.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是人工智能以及人工智能将如何影响未来的工作和生活。
25．考查细节理解。根据倒数第四段中“A straightforward definition from Britannica states that artificial intelligence is “the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.”(《大英百科全书》对人工智能的一个直接定义是“数字计算机或计算机控制的机器人执行通常与智能生物有关的任务的能力”)”可知，人工智能是“数字计算机或计算机控制的机器人执行通常与智能生物有关的任务的能力”。故答案为Artificial intelligence is “the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.”
26．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“In reality, AI is already at work all around us, impacting everything from our search results, to our online dating prospects, to the way we shop.(事实上，人工智能已经在我们周围发挥作用，从搜索结果，到在线约会前景，再到我们的购物方式，影响着一切)”可知，人工智能已经在我们身边发挥作用，影响着从搜索结果到在线约会前景，再到购物方式的一切。故答案为AI is already at work all around us, impacting everything from our search results, to our online dating prospects, to the way we shop.
27．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“This ability to learn is a key component of AI. Algorithms, like the dreaded Facebook algorithm that replaced all our friends with sponsored content, are often associated with AI.(这种学习能力是人工智能的关键组成部分。算法，比如可怕的Facebook算法，用赞助内容取代我们所有的朋友，通常与人工智能有关)”可知，错误的部分是“the key component of it has not been found”，因为学习能力是人工智能的关键组成部分。故答案为No one can predict exactly how AI will develop in the future, and the key component of it has not been found. According to the passage, the ability to learn is a key component of AI.
28．开放性题目。题干：人工智能在未来会取代人类的工作吗？请给出你的理由。可回答：我不认为人工智能会取代人类的工作。例如，同理心是人类形成的支柱之一。人工智能不具备这样的情感。因此，无论人工智能发展到何种程度，它都无法取代那些需要高度共情、复杂的人类理解和情绪管理的工作。故答案为I don’t think that AI will replace the jobs of humans. For example, empathy is one of the pillars which make humans. AI doesn’t possess such emotions. So no matter how developed AI becomes, it’ll not replace jobs which require high empathy, intricate human understanding, and managing emotions.
29．Aggressive and docile. 30．Building the web, catching prey, and defending their colonies. 31．In an A.studiosus colony, the division of labor is based on the different builds of the spiders.(According to the passage,) in an A.studiosus colony, the division of labor is based on the personalities of spiders. 32．略。
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究发现A.studiosus不同性格的蜘蛛会选择不同的分工。研究小组现在正试图回答这些问题。
29．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“The females can be aggressive or docile .”（雌性可能是好斗的，也可能是温顺的。）可知，A.studiosus雌性的两种性格类型是好斗又温顺。故答案为Aggressive and docile。
30．考查细节理解。根据第五段中“Meanwhile, the aggressive spiders generally avoid these tasks; instead, they spend most of their time building the web, catching prey, and defending their colonies.”（与此同时，攻击性强的蜘蛛通常会避开这些任务；相反，它们把大部分时间花在织网、捕捉猎物和保护它们的殖民地上。）可知，好斗的雌性蜘蛛主要负责织网，捕捉猎物，保卫自己的领地。故答案为Building the web, catching prey, and defending their colonies。
31．考查细节理解。根据第三度中“But unlike these insects, the social spiders don’t have castes with different builds. Instead, their roles are defined by their personalities.”（但与这些昆虫不同的是，群居蜘蛛没有不同体型的种姓。相反，他们的角色是由性格决定的。）可知，在A.studiosus群落中，劳动分工是基于蜘蛛的个性。故答案为In an A.studiosus colony, the division of labor is based on the different builds of the spiders.(According to the passage,) in an A.studiosus colony, the division of labor is based on the personalities of spiders。
32．考查主观判断。根据文章大意可知，不同性格的蜘蛛做不同的事。由此可判断同样对于人类来说也是一样。因为性格可以决定人们擅长和不擅长的事。故答案为I think personality will influence people’s career choice. According to the passage, spiders with different personalities do different things. The same is true for humans. Because personality can determine what people are good at and what they are not。
33．Anxiety is a feeling that is often characterized by intense fear and worry. 34．Eustress keeps us motivated and excited about life. 35．Research has shown that students with some anxiety are sure to perform worse on tests. Because students and athletes who experienced some anxiety actually performed better on tests or in competitive sports. 36．In our daily life we can deal with high-pressure situations by accommodating more or removing the volume that was creating the most pressure. For example, when I feel stressed, I will go running to release the pressure in this way.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了焦虑的一些症状以及对人正反面的影响。
33．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Anxiety is a feeling that is often characterized by intense fear and worry.(焦虑是一种以强烈的恐惧和担忧为特征的感觉)”可知，焦虑是一种以强烈的恐惧和担忧为特征的感觉。故答案为Anxiety is a feeling that is often characterized by intense fear and worry.
34．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Good stress, something now referred to as eustress, keeps us motivated and excited about life. It appears that some degree of anxiety may have similar “silver linings”.(好的压力，现在被称为正面压力，让我们对生活充满动力和激情。某种程度的焦虑似乎也有类似的“一线希望”)”可知，正面压力让我们对生活充满动力和激情。故答案为Eustress keeps us motivated and excited about life.
35．考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中“Anxiety may help you feel more motivated and prepared when faced with challenges. Research has shown that students and athletes who experienced some anxiety actually performed better on tests or in competitive sports.(在面对挑战时，焦虑会让你更有动力，更有准备。研究表明，经历某种焦虑的学生和运动员实际上在考试或竞技运动中表现得更好)”可知，错误部分为“students with some anxiety are sure to perform worse on tests”，因为经历过焦虑的学生实际上在测试中表现得更好。故答案为Research has shown that students with some anxiety are sure to perform worse on tests. Because students who experienced some anxiety actually performed better on tests.
36．开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：你将如何处理生活中的焦虑？可回答：在我们的日常生活中，我们可以通过容纳更多或移除产生最大压力的体积来处理焦虑。例如，当我感到焦虑的时候，我会去跑步，用这种方式来释放压力。故答案为In our daily life we can deal with anxiety by accommodating more or removing the volume that was creating the most pressure. For example, when I feel anxious, I will go running to release the pressure in this way.
37．According to Robert Zubrin, sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot — for example, about the ability of humans to live in a very different environment. 38．Terraforming means make Mars more like Earth.
39．According to the test, in order to stay healthy in mind and body on Mars, it is necessary for humans on Mars to stay away from various activities.
According to Christiane Heinicke, one of the people who lived there, one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities. 40．First of all, we need to terraform Mars to warm it up so that people will be able to live there. Second, build factories there that produce greenhouse gases. Third, keep busy with various activities so that we won’t feel bored there.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家们认为人类移居火星的想法很快就能实现，但要真正住在火星，首先需要改造火星，将火星的环境地球化，使之符合人类生存的条件；其次还要测试人类住在火星上是否能保持身体和精神上的健康；最后虽然往返火星的花费巨额，但无论如何，人类居住在火星的想法很快就能实现。
37．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段最后两句“Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense. He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot—for example, about the ability of humans to live in a very different environment.(火箭科学家罗伯特·祖布林对此表示赞同，并认为从火星开始研究是最有意义的。他认为，将人类送上火星将让我们了解到很多东西，例如，人类在一个完全不同的环境中生活的能力。)”可知，将人类送上火星可以让我们了解到很多东西，如人类在一个完全不同的环境中生活的能力。故答案为According to Robert Zubrin, sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot — for example, about the ability of humans to live in a very different environment.
38．考查词义猜测。根据文章第二段“One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up because the average temperature there is about -60℃. One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there that produce greenhouse gases. This could take many centuries. However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe.(火星terraforming的主要目标之一是使其升温，因为那里的平均温度约为-60度。使火星升温的一个想法是在那里建造制造温室气体的工厂。这可能需要几个世纪。然而，它应该会导致降雨和植物的生长，导致更多的空气，让人们可以呼吸)”可知，在火星上建制造温室气体的工厂是为了让火星升温，这样可以降雨，植物可以生长，进而产生让人呼吸的空气，所以可知，所做的这一切都是为了能够让火星和地球环境更相似，这样人类才可以在上面生存，所以terraforming的意思就是“让火星更像地球”。故答案为Terraforming means make Mars more like Earth.
39．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段最后两句话“Christiane Heinicke, one of the people who lived there, said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities.(住在那里的克里斯蒂安·海尼克说，最大的问题之一是感到无聊。所以火星上的人类总是需要让自己忙于各种活动。)”可知，在火星上的最大问题之一是无聊，因此，为了要保持身体和精神上的健康，人类需要让自己忙于各种活动，错误部分为to stay away from various activities。故答案为According to the test, in order to stay healthy in mind and body on Mars, it is necessary for humans on Mars to stay away from various activities. According to Christiane Heinicke, one of the people who lived there, one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities.
40．考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第一句话“However, scientists will need to terraform Mars for people to be able to live. Terraforming means changing the environment on a planet so that it is similar to Earth’s. One of the main goals of terraforming Mars is to warm it up because the average temperature there is about -60℃. One idea for warming Mars is to build factories there that produce greenhouse gases. This could take many centuries. However, it should lead to rainfall and the growth of plants, resulting in more air that people can breathe. (然而，科学家需要改造火星，使人们能够生活。地球化是指改变一个星球的环境，使其与地球环境相似。地球化火星的主要目标之一是使其升温，因为那里的平均温度约为-60℃。让火星变暖的一个想法是在那里建立工厂，生产温室气体。这可能需要几个世纪的时间。然而，它应该会导致降雨和植物的生长，导致人们可以呼吸更多的空气。)”可知，在人类能去火星居住前，需要改造火星的环境，使其升温，能让人类在火星上居住；还要在火星建立工厂，导致降雨和植物生长，产生空气；根据文章第三段“Another big concern for scientists is whether humans can move to Mars and still stay healthy in mind and body. As a test, six people lived in a Mars-like environment in Hawaii for a year before “returning to Earth” recently. It was a 1,200-square-foot room that was on the side of a volcano and used the sun for energy. Christiane Heinicke, one of the people who lived there, said that one of the biggest issues was feeling bored. So humans on Mars would always need to keep themselves busy with various activities.(科学家们担心的另一个大问题是，人类能否搬到火星上，同时仍然保持身心健康。作为一项测试，六个人在夏威夷的类火星环境中生活了一年，最近才“返回地球”。这是一个1200平方英尺的房间，位于一座火山的一侧，利用太阳能发电。住在那里的克里斯蒂安·海尼克说，最大的问题之一是感到无聊。所以火星上的人类总是需要让自己忙于各种活动。)”可知，在火星上会很无聊，所以为了保证身体和精神健康，人类需要忙于各种活动。故答案为First of all, we need to terraform Mars to warm it up so that people will be able to live there. Second, build factories there that produce greenhouse gases. Third, keep busy with various acti