2023年高三高考英语外刊阅读理解训练：美国银行合并浪潮?——改编自Why America will soon see a wave of bank mergers（含答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2023年高三高考英语外刊阅读理解训练：美国银行合并浪潮?——改编自Why America will soon see a wave of bank mergers（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 20.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-13 09:25:31 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
23年高考英语外刊阅读理解训练——美国银行合并浪潮
——改编自Why America will soon see a wave of bank mergers
On April 18th, Western Alliance, a bank with $71 billion of assets, announced that it had lost 11% of its deposits this year. This loss can be attributed to the fact that banks need to pay more interest to tempt deposits back. Many banks have turned towards temporary loans, including from the Federal Reserve, which carry high interest rates. Low-yielding and illiquid assets hold most of these banks’ portfolios, which cannot be sold without incurring losses, predicting that a profound profit squeeze will come. More banks are scheduled to publish their reports, which could reveal further losses.
However, the market has already reached a verdict on American banks: they are worth only their combined book value, about 40% less than at the beginning of the year. The low valuations, when combined with the belief that bigger banks fare better in a crisis, point to a consolidation trend. America currently has 4,700 banks and savings institutions, or one for every 71,000 residents. To Europeans who live in countries like the EU, which has only one bank for every 85,000 people, America’s number of banks seems excessive.
The banking industry is anticipating an era of mergers and takeovers. Consequently, fewer companies will exist, but each one will be larger and more secure. The cost of maintaining a physical presence in many locations may be unsupportable for small banks that lack the technology to offload much of their work onto machines and invest in new services.
In sums, the ongoing pressure to show reasonable profits growth and share-price returns despite adverse economic conditions will necessitate stronger mechanisms for risk management, compliance assurance, and cost efficiency. It calls for strategic alignment and collaboration between retail, corporate, and investment banking in areas of innovation, distribution, risk management, and compliance.
【重点词汇】
1. Alliance / la ns/ n. 联盟
2. Bank /b k/ n. 银行
3. Asset / set/ n. 资产
4. Deposit /d pɑz t/ n. 存款
5. Interest / ntr st/ n. 利息
6. Loan /lo n/ n. 贷款
7. Federal Reserve 美联储
8. Yielding / jild / adj. 有收益的
9. Illiquid / l kw d/ adj. 不流动的
10. Portfolio /p rt fo lio / n. 投资组合
11. Squeeze /skwiz/ n. 挤压
12. Valuation / v lu e n/ n. 估价
13. Premium / primi m/ n. 附加费
14. Consolidation /k n sɑl de n/ n. 合并
15. Resident / r z d nt/ n. 居民
16. Excessive / k s s v/ adj. 过多的
17. Merger / m rd r/ n. 合并
18. Takeover / te k o v r/ n. 收购
pany / k mp ni/ n. 公司
20. Secure /s kj r/ adj. 安全的
21. Physical / f z k l/ adj. 物理的
22. Presence / pr zns/ n. 存在
23. Location /lo ke n/ n. 地点
24. Technology /t k nɑl d i/ n. 技术
25. Offload / f lo d/ v. 卸下
26. Innovation / n ve n/ n. 创新
27. Distribution / d str bju n/ n. 分配
28. Risk management 风险管理
pliance assurance 保障合规性
30. Cost efficiency 成本效率
31. Pressure / pr r/ n. 压力
32. Profit / prɑf t/ n. 利润
33. Growth /ɡro θ/ n. 增长
34. Share-price / e r-pra s/ n. 股价
35. Return /r t rn/ n. 回报
36. Adverse / dv s/ adj. 不利的
37. Mechanism / m k n z m/ n. 机制
38. Collaboration /ko l b re n/ n. 合作
39. Risk /r sk/ n. 风险
40. Management / m n d m nt/ n. 管理
41. Compliance /k m pla ns/ n. 合规性
42. Security /s kj r ti/ n. 安全
43. Investment / n v stm nt/ n. 投资
44. Assurance / r ns/ n. 保障
45. Proof /pruf/ n. 证明
46. Anticipate / n t s pe t/ v. 预计
47. Landscape / l ndske p/ n. 情况
48. Tempt /t mpt/ v. 诱惑
49. Incurred / n k rd/ v. 引起
50. Revealed /r vil/ v. 揭示
【阅读理解练习题】
1. Western Alliance has lost what percentage of its deposits this year
A. 4%
B. 8%
C. 11%
D. 40%
答案：C
中文解析：Western Alliance宣布今年已经损失了11%的存款。
2. What is the reason for banks paying more interest to tempt deposits back
A. To prevent consolidation and mergers in the banking industry.
B. Due to low-valued assets in their portfolios.
C. The need for large cash reserves due to likely mergers and takeovers.
D. More companies being formed that will require funding.
答案：B
中文解析：许多银行开始寻求暂时性贷款，这些贷款利率较高，主要原因是低收益和不流动资产所占的比例多，他们不能被出售而无需承担损失，因此预计会出现深刻的压榨利润的形势。
3. How many banks and savings institutions does the US currently have
A. 4,700
B. 5,000
C. 6,800
D. 7,500
答案：A
中文解析：美国目前拥有4,700家银行和储蓄机构，每71000居民就有一家银行。
4. American banks' valuations are now worth what compared to the beginning of the year
A. 10% less
B. 25% less
C. 40% less
D. 50% less
答案：C
中文解析：美国银行的估值现在只值得他们的合并账面价值，比年初低了约40%。
5. What is one complication small banks face in maintaining physical locations
A. Lack of technological investment for offloading work onto machines.
B. Lack of economic growth leading to decreased profits.
C. Overuse of temporary loans resulting in increased interest payments.
D. No market demand for investment banking services.
答案：A
中文解析：对于缺乏将大部分工作转移至机器上的技术，并进行新服务投资的小型银行而言，在许多地方维持物理存在的成本可能不可支撑。
6. What does the article suggest about innovation in the banking industry
A. Investment banking will be the main driver of future profits growth.
B. The consolidation trend will stifle innovation due to fewer companies being present.
C. Retail, corporate, and investment banking will need to collaborate on innovative solutions.
D. Innovation should take a backseat to cost efficiency measures.
答案：C
中文解析：银行业预计将迎来一个合并收购时代，这意味着公司会越来越少，但每个公司都将变得更加庞大和更加安全。因此，销售、公司和投资银行需要在创新、分销、风险管理和合规方面保持战略协同与协作。
7. What will likely happen as smaller banks are unable to keep up with bigger competitors
A. They will turn towards illegal methods of raising profits.
B. They will outsource labor to other countries.
C. They will merge with or be taken over by larger banks.
D. They will sue for government aid and support.
答案：C
中文解析：较小的银行可能无法跟上更大的竞争对手，需要投资于新服务和机器，因此越来越少的公司会存在，但每个公司都将变得更加庞大和更加安全。
8. What does the article suggest banks need to focus on in the coming years
A. Expansion of physical locations to reach more potential customers.
B. Finding more creative and innovative ways to increase profits.
C. Collaboration in risk management, compliance, and cost efficiency measures.
D. Stronger investment focuses into high risk but potential growth industries.
答案：C
中文解析：承受逆境并实现合规、风险管理和成本效率方面的合作调整，需要零售、公司和投资银行的策略协同与协作，在创新、分销、风险管理和合规方面保持紧密的关系。
【全文逐句对照翻译】
4月18日，拥有710亿美元资产的西部联盟银行宣布今年损失了11%的存款。
On April 18th, Western Alliance, a bank with $71 billion of assets, announced that it had lost 11% of its deposits this year.
这种损失可以归因于银行需要支付更多的利息来吸引存款。
This loss can be attributed to the fact that banks need to pay more interest to tempt deposits back.
许多银行已经转向临时贷款，包括来自美联储的高利率贷款。
Many banks have turned towards temporary loans, including from the Federal Reserve, which carry high interest rates.
低收益和非流动性资产占据了这些银行的大部分投资组合，这些资产不可能在不遭受损失的情况下出售，这预示着严重的利润挤压将会到来。
Low-yielding and illiquid assets hold most of these banks’ portfolios, which cannot be sold without incurring losses, predicting that a profound profit squeeze will come.
更多的银行计划公布报告，这些报告可能会披露更多的损失。
More banks are scheduled to publish their reports, which could reveal further losses.
然而，市场已经对美国银行做出了判断:它们的价值仅为其账面价值的总和，比年初减少了约40%。
However, the market has already reached a verdict on American banks: they are worth only their combined book value, about 40% less than at the beginning of the year.
低估值，再加上人们相信大银行在危机中表现更好，表明了一种整合趋势。
The low valuations, when combined with the belief that bigger banks fare better in a crisis, point to a consolidation trend.
美国目前有4700家银行和储蓄机构，相当于每71000名居民就有一家。
America currently has 4,700 banks and savings institutions, or one for every 71,000 residents.
对于生活在欧盟等国家的欧洲人来说，美国的银行数量似乎过多了。欧盟每85000人才拥有一家银行。
To Europeans who live in countries like the EU, which has only one bank for every 85,000 people, America’s number of banks seems excessive.
银行业正在期待一个合并和收购的时代。
The banking industry is anticipating an era of mergers and takeovers.
因此，存在的公司会更少，但每个公司都会更大，更安全。
Consequently, fewer companies will exist, but each one will be larger and more secure.
对于小型银行来说，在许多地方维持实体业务的成本可能是无法承受的，因为它们缺乏将大部分工作转移到机器上并投资于新服务的技术。
The cost of maintaining a physical presence in many locations may be unsupportable for small banks that lack the technology to offload much of their work onto machines and invest in new services.
总而言之，在不利的经济条件下，持续的利润增长和股价回报的压力将需要更强大的风险管理、合规保证和成本效率机制。
In sums, the ongoing pressure to show reasonable profits growth and share-price returns despite adverse economic conditions will necessitate stronger mechanisms for risk management, compliance assurance, and cost efficiency.
它要求零售、企业和投资银行在创新、分销、风险管理和合规等领域进行战略协调和合作。
It calls for strategic alignment and collaboration between retail, corporate, and investment banking in areas of innovation, distribution, risk management, and compliance.
——改编自Why America will soon see a wave of bank mergers
On April 18th, Western Alliance, a bank with $71 billion of assets, announced that it had lost 11% of its deposits this year. This loss can be attributed to the fact that banks need to pay more interest to tempt deposits back. Many banks have turned towards temporary loans, including from the Federal Reserve, which carry high interest rates. Low-yielding and illiquid assets hold most of these banks’ portfolios, which cannot be sold without incurring losses, predicting that a profound profit squeeze will come. More banks are scheduled to publish their reports, which could reveal further losses.
However, the market has already reached a verdict on American banks: they are worth only their combined book value, about 40% less than at the beginning of the year. The low valuations, when combined with the belief that bigger banks fare better in a crisis, point to a consolidation trend. America currently has 4,700 banks and savings institutions, or one for every 71,000 residents. To Europeans who live in countries like the EU, which has only one bank for every 85,000 people, America’s number of banks seems excessive.
The banking industry is anticipating an era of mergers and takeovers. Consequently, fewer companies will exist, but each one will be larger and more secure. The cost of maintaining a physical presence in many locations may be unsupportable for small banks that lack the technology to offload much of their work onto machines and invest in new services.
In sums, the ongoing pressure to show reasonable profits growth and share-price returns despite adverse economic conditions will necessitate stronger mechanisms for risk management, compliance assurance, and cost efficiency. It calls for strategic alignment and collaboration between retail, corporate, and investment banking in areas of innovation, distribution, risk management, and compliance.
【重点词汇】
1. Alliance / la ns/ n. 联盟
2. Bank /b k/ n. 银行
3. Asset / set/ n. 资产
4. Deposit /d pɑz t/ n. 存款
5. Interest / ntr st/ n. 利息
6. Loan /lo n/ n. 贷款
7. Federal Reserve 美联储
8. Yielding / jild / adj. 有收益的
9. Illiquid / l kw d/ adj. 不流动的
10. Portfolio /p rt fo lio / n. 投资组合
11. Squeeze /skwiz/ n. 挤压
12. Valuation / v lu e n/ n. 估价
13. Premium / primi m/ n. 附加费
14. Consolidation /k n sɑl de n/ n. 合并
15. Resident / r z d nt/ n. 居民
16. Excessive / k s s v/ adj. 过多的
17. Merger / m rd r/ n. 合并
18. Takeover / te k o v r/ n. 收购
pany / k mp ni/ n. 公司
20. Secure /s kj r/ adj. 安全的
21. Physical / f z k l/ adj. 物理的
22. Presence / pr zns/ n. 存在
23. Location /lo ke n/ n. 地点
24. Technology /t k nɑl d i/ n. 技术
25. Offload / f lo d/ v. 卸下
26. Innovation / n ve n/ n. 创新
27. Distribution / d str bju n/ n. 分配
28. Risk management 风险管理
pliance assurance 保障合规性
30. Cost efficiency 成本效率
31. Pressure / pr r/ n. 压力
32. Profit / prɑf t/ n. 利润
33. Growth /ɡro θ/ n. 增长
34. Share-price / e r-pra s/ n. 股价
35. Return /r t rn/ n. 回报
36. Adverse / dv s/ adj. 不利的
37. Mechanism / m k n z m/ n. 机制
38. Collaboration /ko l b re n/ n. 合作
39. Risk /r sk/ n. 风险
40. Management / m n d m nt/ n. 管理
41. Compliance /k m pla ns/ n. 合规性
42. Security /s kj r ti/ n. 安全
43. Investment / n v stm nt/ n. 投资
44. Assurance / r ns/ n. 保障
45. Proof /pruf/ n. 证明
46. Anticipate / n t s pe t/ v. 预计
47. Landscape / l ndske p/ n. 情况
48. Tempt /t mpt/ v. 诱惑
49. Incurred / n k rd/ v. 引起
50. Revealed /r vil/ v. 揭示
【阅读理解练习题】
1. Western Alliance has lost what percentage of its deposits this year
A. 4%
B. 8%
C. 11%
D. 40%
答案：C
中文解析：Western Alliance宣布今年已经损失了11%的存款。
2. What is the reason for banks paying more interest to tempt deposits back
A. To prevent consolidation and mergers in the banking industry.
B. Due to low-valued assets in their portfolios.
C. The need for large cash reserves due to likely mergers and takeovers.
D. More companies being formed that will require funding.
答案：B
中文解析：许多银行开始寻求暂时性贷款，这些贷款利率较高，主要原因是低收益和不流动资产所占的比例多，他们不能被出售而无需承担损失，因此预计会出现深刻的压榨利润的形势。
3. How many banks and savings institutions does the US currently have
A. 4,700
B. 5,000
C. 6,800
D. 7,500
答案：A
中文解析：美国目前拥有4,700家银行和储蓄机构，每71000居民就有一家银行。
4. American banks' valuations are now worth what compared to the beginning of the year
A. 10% less
B. 25% less
C. 40% less
D. 50% less
答案：C
中文解析：美国银行的估值现在只值得他们的合并账面价值，比年初低了约40%。
5. What is one complication small banks face in maintaining physical locations
A. Lack of technological investment for offloading work onto machines.
B. Lack of economic growth leading to decreased profits.
C. Overuse of temporary loans resulting in increased interest payments.
D. No market demand for investment banking services.
答案：A
中文解析：对于缺乏将大部分工作转移至机器上的技术，并进行新服务投资的小型银行而言，在许多地方维持物理存在的成本可能不可支撑。
6. What does the article suggest about innovation in the banking industry
A. Investment banking will be the main driver of future profits growth.
B. The consolidation trend will stifle innovation due to fewer companies being present.
C. Retail, corporate, and investment banking will need to collaborate on innovative solutions.
D. Innovation should take a backseat to cost efficiency measures.
答案：C
中文解析：银行业预计将迎来一个合并收购时代，这意味着公司会越来越少，但每个公司都将变得更加庞大和更加安全。因此，销售、公司和投资银行需要在创新、分销、风险管理和合规方面保持战略协同与协作。
7. What will likely happen as smaller banks are unable to keep up with bigger competitors
A. They will turn towards illegal methods of raising profits.
B. They will outsource labor to other countries.
C. They will merge with or be taken over by larger banks.
D. They will sue for government aid and support.
答案：C
中文解析：较小的银行可能无法跟上更大的竞争对手，需要投资于新服务和机器，因此越来越少的公司会存在，但每个公司都将变得更加庞大和更加安全。
8. What does the article suggest banks need to focus on in the coming years
A. Expansion of physical locations to reach more potential customers.
B. Finding more creative and innovative ways to increase profits.
C. Collaboration in risk management, compliance, and cost efficiency measures.
D. Stronger investment focuses into high risk but potential growth industries.
答案：C
中文解析：承受逆境并实现合规、风险管理和成本效率方面的合作调整，需要零售、公司和投资银行的策略协同与协作，在创新、分销、风险管理和合规方面保持紧密的关系。
【全文逐句对照翻译】
4月18日，拥有710亿美元资产的西部联盟银行宣布今年损失了11%的存款。
On April 18th, Western Alliance, a bank with $71 billion of assets, announced that it had lost 11% of its deposits this year.
这种损失可以归因于银行需要支付更多的利息来吸引存款。
This loss can be attributed to the fact that banks need to pay more interest to tempt deposits back.
许多银行已经转向临时贷款，包括来自美联储的高利率贷款。
Many banks have turned towards temporary loans, including from the Federal Reserve, which carry high interest rates.
低收益和非流动性资产占据了这些银行的大部分投资组合，这些资产不可能在不遭受损失的情况下出售，这预示着严重的利润挤压将会到来。
Low-yielding and illiquid assets hold most of these banks’ portfolios, which cannot be sold without incurring losses, predicting that a profound profit squeeze will come.
更多的银行计划公布报告，这些报告可能会披露更多的损失。
More banks are scheduled to publish their reports, which could reveal further losses.
然而，市场已经对美国银行做出了判断:它们的价值仅为其账面价值的总和，比年初减少了约40%。
However, the market has already reached a verdict on American banks: they are worth only their combined book value, about 40% less than at the beginning of the year.
低估值，再加上人们相信大银行在危机中表现更好，表明了一种整合趋势。
The low valuations, when combined with the belief that bigger banks fare better in a crisis, point to a consolidation trend.
美国目前有4700家银行和储蓄机构，相当于每71000名居民就有一家。
America currently has 4,700 banks and savings institutions, or one for every 71,000 residents.
对于生活在欧盟等国家的欧洲人来说，美国的银行数量似乎过多了。欧盟每85000人才拥有一家银行。
To Europeans who live in countries like the EU, which has only one bank for every 85,000 people, America’s number of banks seems excessive.
银行业正在期待一个合并和收购的时代。
The banking industry is anticipating an era of mergers and takeovers.
因此，存在的公司会更少，但每个公司都会更大，更安全。
Consequently, fewer companies will exist, but each one will be larger and more secure.
对于小型银行来说，在许多地方维持实体业务的成本可能是无法承受的，因为它们缺乏将大部分工作转移到机器上并投资于新服务的技术。
The cost of maintaining a physical presence in many locations may be unsupportable for small banks that lack the technology to offload much of their work onto machines and invest in new services.
总而言之，在不利的经济条件下，持续的利润增长和股价回报的压力将需要更强大的风险管理、合规保证和成本效率机制。
In sums, the ongoing pressure to show reasonable profits growth and share-price returns despite adverse economic conditions will necessitate stronger mechanisms for risk management, compliance assurance, and cost efficiency.
它要求零售、企业和投资银行在创新、分销、风险管理和合规等领域进行战略协调和合作。
It calls for strategic alignment and collaboration between retail, corporate, and investment banking in areas of innovation, distribution, risk management, and compliance.