2023年高三高考英语外刊阅读理解训练——垃圾食品纳税是根治肥胖最省钱的方法?（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2023年高三高考英语外刊阅读理解训练——垃圾食品纳税是根治肥胖最省钱的方法?（含答案） |  | |
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23年高考英语外刊阅读理解训练——垃圾食品纳税是根治肥胖最省钱的方法
——改编自Junk food must be taxed
Obesity is a pressing issue in modern society. One primary cause of this epidemic is the excessive consumption of calories, which are often hidden in highly processed junk food such as chips, hamburgers, and candy bars. With cheap prices, it is not surprising that many people choose these foods over healthier options, leading to an increase in obesity rates among both children and adults. Therefore, implementing a junk food tax could be a proactive measure to curb this trend.
Although a junk food tax may not be well-received, it is a necessary step toward reducing obesity rates. According to a recent study, in the last five years alone, overweight children in France have risen from 2% to 4%, with low-income families being disproportionately affected. Obesity leads to numerous health problems, including heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses.
While there may be multiple causes of obesity, one contributing factor is the excessive intake of calories. Studies show that an extra 150 calories per day can lead to an average weight gain of 4 kilos within a year. Junk food, in particular, offers extreme caloric density at a very low price. For example, $1.50 spent on candy and soda can provide 1000 calories, whereas to get the same amount of calories from fruits and vegetables, one would need to spend $2.30. This makes it more accessible for the poorest individuals to purchase higher calorie foods. The youngest age group also tends to consume more junk food, putting them at the highest risk for obesity.
To encourage individuals to switch to lower calorie foods, studies have shown that purchasing decisions can vary greatly based on prices. When a product’s price goes up, sales decrease significantly. Thus, a 5% junk food tax could result in a 15% reduction in purchases, ultimately having a significant impact on the obesity epidemic. While this tax may negatively impact low-income families, it could encourage them to find cheaper, less calorie-dense options. Additionally, the food industry may respond positively by modifying their products to avoid the tax.
In conclusion, tackling obesity is a multifaceted issue. However, a junk food tax could serve as a cost-effective solution in reducing the high consumption of unhealthy products. Although this approach may not be favored by everyone, taking proactive measures is necessary in addressing this public health challenge.
【重点词汇】
1. pressing ['pres ] adj. 紧迫的
2. issue [' ju ] n. 问题
3. primary ['pra m r ] adj. 首要的
4. epidemic [ ep 'dem k] n. 流行病
5. excessive [ k'ses v] adj. 过度的
6. consumption [k n's mp n] n. 消费
7. calorie ['k l r ] n. 卡路里
8. highly ['ha li] adv. 高度地
9. processed ['pr sesd] adj. 加工过的
10. junk food 垃圾食品
11. chips [t ps] n. 薯片
12. hamburgers ['h mb g z] n. 汉堡包
13. candy bars 糖果棒
14. cheap [t i p] adj. 便宜的
15. option [' p n] n. 选项
16. increase [ n'kri s] v. 增加
17. rates [re ts] n. 率
18. children ['t ldr n] n. 孩子们
19. adults [' d lt] n. 成人们
20. implementing [' mpl ment ] v. 实施
21. proactive [pr ' kt v] adj. 积极主动的
22. measure ['me (r)] n. 措施
23. curb [k b] v. 控制
24. well-received ['welr 'si vd] adj. 受欢迎的
25. reducing [r 'dju s ] v. 减少
26. overweight [' v we t] adj. 超重的
27. disproportionately [d spr 'p n tl ] adv. 不成比例地
28. affected [ 'fekt d] adj. 受影响的
29. numerous ['nju m r s] adj. 许多的
30. heart disease 心脏病
31. hypertension [ha p 'ten n] n. 高血压
32. diabetes [ da 'bi ti:z] n. 糖尿病
33. chronic illnesses 慢性疾病
34. excessive intake 过量摄入
35. studies [ st diz] n. 研究
36. average [' v r d ] adj. 平均的
37. weight gain 体重增加
38. caloric density 卡路里密度
39. poorest [ p :r st] adj. 最贫困的
40. accessible [ k'ses bl] adj. 可接近的
41. individuals [ nd 'v dju lz] n. 个人
42. encourage [ n'k r d ] v. 鼓励
43. switch [sw t ] v. 转换
44. purchasing decisions 购买决策
45. vary [ ve ri] v. 不同，变化
46. sales [se lz] n. 销售额
47. reduction [r 'd k n] n. 减少
48. negatively [ neɡ t vli] adv. 消极地
49. calorie-dense 密集的卡路里
50. cost-effective 成本效益高的
【阅读理解练习题】
1. What is one primary cause of obesity according to the article
A) Lack of exercise.
B) Excessive consumption of calories.
C) Genetic factors.
D) Poor sleep habits.
Answer: B
解析：文章认为引起肥胖症的一个主要原因是摄入过多卡路里，而这些卡路里通常隐藏在高加工食品中。
2. According to a recent study, how has the rate of overweight children changed in France in the last five years
A) It has decreased by 2%.
B) It has increased by 2%.
C) It has increased by 4%.
D) It has decreased by 4%.
Answer: C
解析：根据最近的一项研究，在过去五年中，法国超重儿童的比率从2%上升到了4%，低收入家庭特别受影响。
3. What are some health problems associated with obesity mentioned in the article
A) Allergies, pneumonia, and arthritis.
B) Heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes.
C) Blindness, deafness, and migraines.
D) Broken bones, skin infections, and the flu.
Answer: B
解析：文章提到肥胖症会导致许多健康问题，包括心脏病、高血压、糖尿病和其他慢性疾病。
4. What is the caloric density of junk food compared to fruits and vegetables in terms of cost
A) Junk food costs more per calorie.
B) Junk food costs the same amount per calorie.
C) Junk food costs less per calorie.
D) The article does not provide this information.
Answer: C
解析：高加工食品比起水果和蔬菜价格低，同时卡路里密度也更高，比如花费1.5美元购买糖果和汽水可以提供1000卡路里，而为了获得相同量的卡路里，你需要花费2.3美元。
5. Why could a junk food tax negatively impact low-income families
A) They may not know which foods are considered "junk" and which are not.
B) Healthier food options tend to be more expensive.
C) The tax will eliminate all unhealthy food options, leaving them with fewer choices.
D) The article does not provide a reason for why a junk food tax could negatively impact low-income families.
Answer: B
解析：由于健康食品的成本高昂，阻碍了穷人购买高营养价值的食物选项，所以垃圾食品税可能会对低收入家庭产生负面影响。
6. According to the article, how much weight gain can an extra 150 calories per day lead to in a year
A) 2 kilos.
B) 4 kilos.
C) 6 kilos.
D) 8 kilos.
Answer: B
解析：文中指出，每天额外摄入150卡路里可以导致一年平均体重增加4公斤。
【全文逐句对照翻译】
肥胖是现代社会的一个紧迫问题。
Obesity is a pressing issue in modern society.
这种流行病的一个主要原因是热量的过度消耗，这些热量通常隐藏在高度加工的垃圾食品中，如薯片、汉堡和糖果棒。
One primary cause of this epidemic is the excessive consumption of calories, which are often hidden in highly processed junk food such as chips, hamburgers, and candy bars.
由于价格便宜，许多人选择这些食品而不是更健康的食品也就不足为奇了，这导致了儿童和成人肥胖率的上升。
With cheap prices, it is not surprising that many people choose these foods over healthier options, leading to an increase in obesity rates among both children and adults.
因此，实施垃圾食品税可能是遏制这一趋势的积极措施。
Therefore, implementing a junk food tax could be a proactive measure to curb this trend.
虽然垃圾食品税可能不受欢迎，但这是降低肥胖率的必要步骤。
Although a junk food tax may not be well-received, it is a necessary step toward reducing obesity rates.
根据最近的一项研究，仅在过去五年中，法国超重儿童的比例就从2%上升到4%，低收入家庭受到的影响尤为严重。
According to a recent study, in the last five years alone, overweight children in France have risen from 2% to 4%, with low-income families being disproportionately affected.
肥胖会导致许多健康问题，包括心脏病、高血压、糖尿病和其他慢性疾病。
Obesity leads to numerous health problems, including heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses.
虽然肥胖可能有多种原因，但其中一个因素是摄入过多的卡路里。
While there may be multiple causes of obesity, one contributing factor is the excessive intake of calories.
研究表明，每天多摄入150卡路里会导致一年内体重平均增加4公斤。
Studies show that an extra 150 calories per day can lead to an average weight gain of 4 kilos within a year.
尤其是垃圾食品，以极低的价格提供极高的热量密度。
Junk food, in particular, offers extreme caloric density at a very low price.
例如，花1.5美元购买糖果和苏打水可以提供1000卡路里的热量，而从水果和蔬菜中获得相同数量的卡路里，则需要花费2.30美元。
For example, $1.50 spent on candy and soda can provide 1000 calories, whereas to get the same amount of calories from fruits and vegetables, one would need to spend $2.30.
这使得最贫穷的人更容易购买到高热量的食物。
This makes it more accessible for the poorest individuals to purchase higher calorie foods.
最年轻的年龄组也倾向于消费更多的垃圾食品，使他们处于肥胖的最高风险。
The youngest age group also tends to consume more junk food, putting them at the highest risk for obesity.
为了鼓励人们转向低卡路里的食物，研究表明，购买决定可能会因价格而有很大差异。
To encourage individuals to switch to lower calorie foods, studies have shown that purchasing decisions can vary greatly based on prices.
当一种产品的价格上涨时，销量就会显著下降。
When a product’s price goes up, sales decrease significantly.
因此，5%的垃圾食品税可能导致购买量减少15%，最终对肥胖流行病产生重大影响。
Thus, a 5% junk food tax could result in a 15% reduction in purchases, ultimately having a significant impact on the obesity epidemic.
虽然这项税收可能会对低收入家庭产生负面影响，但它可能会鼓励他们寻找更便宜、卡路里密度更低的选择。
While this tax may negatively impact low-income families, it could encourage them to find cheaper, less calorie-dense options.
此外，食品行业可能会通过修改产品以避免税收做出积极回应。
Additionally, the food industry may respond positively by modifying their products to avoid the tax.
总之，解决肥胖问题是一个多方面的问题。
In conclusion, tackling obesity is a multifaceted issue.
然而，垃圾食品税可以作为一种具有成本效益的解决方案，减少不健康产品的高消费。
However, a junk food tax could serve as a cost-effective solution in reducing the high consumption of unhealthy products.
虽然这种做法可能不受所有人的欢迎，但在应对这一公共卫生挑战时，采取积极措施是必要的。
Although this approach may not be favored by everyone, taking proactive measures is necessary in addressing this public health challenge.
——改编自Junk food must be taxed
Obesity is a pressing issue in modern society. One primary cause of this epidemic is the excessive consumption of calories, which are often hidden in highly processed junk food such as chips, hamburgers, and candy bars. With cheap prices, it is not surprising that many people choose these foods over healthier options, leading to an increase in obesity rates among both children and adults. Therefore, implementing a junk food tax could be a proactive measure to curb this trend.
Although a junk food tax may not be well-received, it is a necessary step toward reducing obesity rates. According to a recent study, in the last five years alone, overweight children in France have risen from 2% to 4%, with low-income families being disproportionately affected. Obesity leads to numerous health problems, including heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses.
While there may be multiple causes of obesity, one contributing factor is the excessive intake of calories. Studies show that an extra 150 calories per day can lead to an average weight gain of 4 kilos within a year. Junk food, in particular, offers extreme caloric density at a very low price. For example, $1.50 spent on candy and soda can provide 1000 calories, whereas to get the same amount of calories from fruits and vegetables, one would need to spend $2.30. This makes it more accessible for the poorest individuals to purchase higher calorie foods. The youngest age group also tends to consume more junk food, putting them at the highest risk for obesity.
To encourage individuals to switch to lower calorie foods, studies have shown that purchasing decisions can vary greatly based on prices. When a product’s price goes up, sales decrease significantly. Thus, a 5% junk food tax could result in a 15% reduction in purchases, ultimately having a significant impact on the obesity epidemic. While this tax may negatively impact low-income families, it could encourage them to find cheaper, less calorie-dense options. Additionally, the food industry may respond positively by modifying their products to avoid the tax.
In conclusion, tackling obesity is a multifaceted issue. However, a junk food tax could serve as a cost-effective solution in reducing the high consumption of unhealthy products. Although this approach may not be favored by everyone, taking proactive measures is necessary in addressing this public health challenge.
【重点词汇】
1. pressing ['pres ] adj. 紧迫的
2. issue [' ju ] n. 问题
3. primary ['pra m r ] adj. 首要的
4. epidemic [ ep 'dem k] n. 流行病
5. excessive [ k'ses v] adj. 过度的
6. consumption [k n's mp n] n. 消费
7. calorie ['k l r ] n. 卡路里
8. highly ['ha li] adv. 高度地
9. processed ['pr sesd] adj. 加工过的
10. junk food 垃圾食品
11. chips [t ps] n. 薯片
12. hamburgers ['h mb g z] n. 汉堡包
13. candy bars 糖果棒
14. cheap [t i p] adj. 便宜的
15. option [' p n] n. 选项
16. increase [ n'kri s] v. 增加
17. rates [re ts] n. 率
18. children ['t ldr n] n. 孩子们
19. adults [' d lt] n. 成人们
20. implementing [' mpl ment ] v. 实施
21. proactive [pr ' kt v] adj. 积极主动的
22. measure ['me (r)] n. 措施
23. curb [k b] v. 控制
24. well-received ['welr 'si vd] adj. 受欢迎的
25. reducing [r 'dju s ] v. 减少
26. overweight [' v we t] adj. 超重的
27. disproportionately [d spr 'p n tl ] adv. 不成比例地
28. affected [ 'fekt d] adj. 受影响的
29. numerous ['nju m r s] adj. 许多的
30. heart disease 心脏病
31. hypertension [ha p 'ten n] n. 高血压
32. diabetes [ da 'bi ti:z] n. 糖尿病
33. chronic illnesses 慢性疾病
34. excessive intake 过量摄入
35. studies [ st diz] n. 研究
36. average [' v r d ] adj. 平均的
37. weight gain 体重增加
38. caloric density 卡路里密度
39. poorest [ p :r st] adj. 最贫困的
40. accessible [ k'ses bl] adj. 可接近的
41. individuals [ nd 'v dju lz] n. 个人
42. encourage [ n'k r d ] v. 鼓励
43. switch [sw t ] v. 转换
44. purchasing decisions 购买决策
45. vary [ ve ri] v. 不同，变化
46. sales [se lz] n. 销售额
47. reduction [r 'd k n] n. 减少
48. negatively [ neɡ t vli] adv. 消极地
49. calorie-dense 密集的卡路里
50. cost-effective 成本效益高的
【阅读理解练习题】
1. What is one primary cause of obesity according to the article
A) Lack of exercise.
B) Excessive consumption of calories.
C) Genetic factors.
D) Poor sleep habits.
Answer: B
解析：文章认为引起肥胖症的一个主要原因是摄入过多卡路里，而这些卡路里通常隐藏在高加工食品中。
2. According to a recent study, how has the rate of overweight children changed in France in the last five years
A) It has decreased by 2%.
B) It has increased by 2%.
C) It has increased by 4%.
D) It has decreased by 4%.
Answer: C
解析：根据最近的一项研究，在过去五年中，法国超重儿童的比率从2%上升到了4%，低收入家庭特别受影响。
3. What are some health problems associated with obesity mentioned in the article
A) Allergies, pneumonia, and arthritis.
B) Heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes.
C) Blindness, deafness, and migraines.
D) Broken bones, skin infections, and the flu.
Answer: B
解析：文章提到肥胖症会导致许多健康问题，包括心脏病、高血压、糖尿病和其他慢性疾病。
4. What is the caloric density of junk food compared to fruits and vegetables in terms of cost
A) Junk food costs more per calorie.
B) Junk food costs the same amount per calorie.
C) Junk food costs less per calorie.
D) The article does not provide this information.
Answer: C
解析：高加工食品比起水果和蔬菜价格低，同时卡路里密度也更高，比如花费1.5美元购买糖果和汽水可以提供1000卡路里，而为了获得相同量的卡路里，你需要花费2.3美元。
5. Why could a junk food tax negatively impact low-income families
A) They may not know which foods are considered "junk" and which are not.
B) Healthier food options tend to be more expensive.
C) The tax will eliminate all unhealthy food options, leaving them with fewer choices.
D) The article does not provide a reason for why a junk food tax could negatively impact low-income families.
Answer: B
解析：由于健康食品的成本高昂，阻碍了穷人购买高营养价值的食物选项，所以垃圾食品税可能会对低收入家庭产生负面影响。
6. According to the article, how much weight gain can an extra 150 calories per day lead to in a year
A) 2 kilos.
B) 4 kilos.
C) 6 kilos.
D) 8 kilos.
Answer: B
解析：文中指出，每天额外摄入150卡路里可以导致一年平均体重增加4公斤。
【全文逐句对照翻译】
肥胖是现代社会的一个紧迫问题。
Obesity is a pressing issue in modern society.
这种流行病的一个主要原因是热量的过度消耗，这些热量通常隐藏在高度加工的垃圾食品中，如薯片、汉堡和糖果棒。
One primary cause of this epidemic is the excessive consumption of calories, which are often hidden in highly processed junk food such as chips, hamburgers, and candy bars.
由于价格便宜，许多人选择这些食品而不是更健康的食品也就不足为奇了，这导致了儿童和成人肥胖率的上升。
With cheap prices, it is not surprising that many people choose these foods over healthier options, leading to an increase in obesity rates among both children and adults.
因此，实施垃圾食品税可能是遏制这一趋势的积极措施。
Therefore, implementing a junk food tax could be a proactive measure to curb this trend.
虽然垃圾食品税可能不受欢迎，但这是降低肥胖率的必要步骤。
Although a junk food tax may not be well-received, it is a necessary step toward reducing obesity rates.
根据最近的一项研究，仅在过去五年中，法国超重儿童的比例就从2%上升到4%，低收入家庭受到的影响尤为严重。
According to a recent study, in the last five years alone, overweight children in France have risen from 2% to 4%, with low-income families being disproportionately affected.
肥胖会导致许多健康问题，包括心脏病、高血压、糖尿病和其他慢性疾病。
Obesity leads to numerous health problems, including heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses.
虽然肥胖可能有多种原因，但其中一个因素是摄入过多的卡路里。
While there may be multiple causes of obesity, one contributing factor is the excessive intake of calories.
研究表明，每天多摄入150卡路里会导致一年内体重平均增加4公斤。
Studies show that an extra 150 calories per day can lead to an average weight gain of 4 kilos within a year.
尤其是垃圾食品，以极低的价格提供极高的热量密度。
Junk food, in particular, offers extreme caloric density at a very low price.
例如，花1.5美元购买糖果和苏打水可以提供1000卡路里的热量，而从水果和蔬菜中获得相同数量的卡路里，则需要花费2.30美元。
For example, $1.50 spent on candy and soda can provide 1000 calories, whereas to get the same amount of calories from fruits and vegetables, one would need to spend $2.30.
这使得最贫穷的人更容易购买到高热量的食物。
This makes it more accessible for the poorest individuals to purchase higher calorie foods.
最年轻的年龄组也倾向于消费更多的垃圾食品，使他们处于肥胖的最高风险。
The youngest age group also tends to consume more junk food, putting them at the highest risk for obesity.
为了鼓励人们转向低卡路里的食物，研究表明，购买决定可能会因价格而有很大差异。
To encourage individuals to switch to lower calorie foods, studies have shown that purchasing decisions can vary greatly based on prices.
当一种产品的价格上涨时，销量就会显著下降。
When a product’s price goes up, sales decrease significantly.
因此，5%的垃圾食品税可能导致购买量减少15%，最终对肥胖流行病产生重大影响。
Thus, a 5% junk food tax could result in a 15% reduction in purchases, ultimately having a significant impact on the obesity epidemic.
虽然这项税收可能会对低收入家庭产生负面影响，但它可能会鼓励他们寻找更便宜、卡路里密度更低的选择。
While this tax may negatively impact low-income families, it could encourage them to find cheaper, less calorie-dense options.
此外，食品行业可能会通过修改产品以避免税收做出积极回应。
Additionally, the food industry may respond positively by modifying their products to avoid the tax.
总之，解决肥胖问题是一个多方面的问题。
In conclusion, tackling obesity is a multifaceted issue.
然而，垃圾食品税可以作为一种具有成本效益的解决方案，减少不健康产品的高消费。
However, a junk food tax could serve as a cost-effective solution in reducing the high consumption of unhealthy products.
虽然这种做法可能不受所有人的欢迎，但在应对这一公共卫生挑战时，采取积极措施是必要的。
Although this approach may not be favored by everyone, taking proactive measures is necessary in addressing this public health challenge.