(共94张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
单元核心素养
What Is the Universe
The universe contains everything that exists including the Earth，planets，stars，space and galaxies. This includes all matter，energy，and even time.
单元话题导读
How big is the universe
No one knows for sure just how big the universe is. It could be infinitely large. Scientists，however，measure the size of the universe by what they can see. They call this the“observable universe”．The observable universe is around 93 billion light years across.
The universe is expanding.
One of the interesting things about the universe is that it is currently expanding. It’s growing larger and larger all the time. Not only is it growing larger，but the edge of the universe is expanding at a faster and faster rate. Scientists think that the edge of the universe is expanding faster than the speed of light.
What is the universe made of
Even though the Earth seems really big to us，it’s actually a very tiny part of the universe. The Sun has a mass of 330，000 times the Earth. The Sun is just one star in the Milky Way galaxy that contains over 300 billion stars and scientists estimate that there are over 170 billion galaxies in the universe. However，most of the universe is what we think of as empty space. All the atoms together only make up around four percent of the universe.
How old is the universe
Scientists think that the universe began between 13 and 14 billion years ago with the start of a massive explosion called the Big Bang.
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking，
Reading and Thinking
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．____________ n．宇航员；太空人
2．____________ n．程序；步骤；手续
3．_________ adj. 精神的；思想的
4．______________ adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
→_______________ n. 智力； 才智； 智慧
5．_________ n．火箭；火箭弹
6．__________ n．重力；引力
astronaut
procedure
mental
intelligent
intelligence
rocket
gravity
7．___________ n. 边境；国界；边远地区
8．__________ n．交通工具；车辆
9．___________ n. 宇宙；天地万物
→____________ adj. 普遍的； 全体的； 全世界的
10．_____________ adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
→____________ vt. 查明；确定；决定
→________________ n．决心
frontier
vehicle
universe
universal
determined
determine
determination
11．__________ n．人造卫星；卫星
12．_________ vt. & n. 发射；发起；上市
13．________ n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vt. & vi. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
14．________ adj. 巨大的；伟大的 n. 巨人；巨兽；伟人
15．_______ n. 跳跃；剧增；剧变 vi. & vt. 跳过；跃过
16．__________ n．人类
satellite
launch
orbit
giant
leap
mankind
17．_________ n．(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
→________ n. (企业、政治等的) 代理人；经纪人
18．_______ n. [pl. ]资料；数据
19．_______________ adj. 失望的；沮丧的
→________________ adj. 令人失望的
→_____________ vt. 使失望
→_________________ n．失望
agency
agent
data
disappointed
disappointing
disappoint
disappointment
20．_________ n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望
→____________ adj. 渴望的，有欲望的
21．________________ adv. 独立地；自立地
→______________ adj. 独立的；自立的
→_______________ n．独立
→____________ adj. 依靠的；依赖的
→_____________ n．信赖；依赖
→_________ v．依靠；依赖
desire
desirable
independently
independent
independence
dependent
dependence
depend
22．_____________ n. 航天器；宇宙飞船
23．____________ n. 太空行走；太空行走的时间
24．_______ n. 玉；翡翠；玉器
25．_______ vi. & vt. (两架航天器)对接；(使)…… 进港 n. 码头；船坞
26．_________ vt. & vi. 标志着；标明；发信号 n. 信号；标志
→_______ n. 迹象； 征兆；手势 v．签(名); 署(名)；打手势
spacecraft
spacewalk
jade
dock
signal
sign
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．carry _____ 继续做；坚持干
2．_____ board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
3．_____ the hope of doing sth. 抱着……的希望
4．so as _____ (do sth. )为了；以便
5．_____ the age of在……岁时
6．graduate _______ 从……毕业
7．_____ the future在将来
on
on
in
to
at
from
in
8．go _____ 增长；上升；升起；被兴建；被建造；被焚毁
9．come _______ 下来；下降；倒塌
10．look _____ 抬头看；(在词典、计算机等中)查阅
11．find ______ 弄清楚；查明
12．focus _____ 集中(注意力，精力等)
13．believe _____ 相信；信任
14．_______ progress取得进步
15．_____ a short time在很短时间内
up
down
up
out
on
in
make
in
Ⅲ．重点句型
1．These disasters _______ everyone _____________________，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。
2．Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will __________ enable us to understand how the universe began，________ help us survive well into the future.
尽管困难重重，科学家希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还能帮助我们在未来活得很好。
made
sad and disappointed
not only
but also
Ⅳ．课文理解
1．When did people make travelling into space possible？______
A．In the thirteenth century.
B．In the eighteenth century.
C．In the mid-20th century.
D．In the twenty-first century.
C
2．What was one giant leap for mankind？______
A．The Sputnik 1 satellite was launched and orbited around Earth.
B．Yuri Gagarin went into space on 12 April 1961.
C．America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1on 5 September 1977.
D．American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon on 20 July 1969.
D
3．Why did the desire to explore the universe never die when people were faced with these disasters？______
A．Because the accident was not serious.
B．Because there was no danger in these disasters.
C．Because exploring space is an international task.
D．Because carrying on space exploration is important.
D
4．Which of the following is NOT China’s achievement？______
A．Shenzhou 5 spacecraft orbited Earth successfully.
B．Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk.
C．Tiangong 2 space lab was launched into space.
D．Chang’e 4 explored planets like Mars and Jupiter.
D
课内要点探究
重 点 单 词
1．determine vt. 查明；明确；决定
My aim was first of all to determine what I should do next.
我的目标首先是要确定自己下一步该做什么。
(2019·天津高考)Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
在天知道什么动机的驱使下，他决定写一本书。
His enemies are determined to ruin him.
他的敌人决意要毁了他。
(1)determine to do sth. 决定/决心做某事
determine on (doing) sth. 决定(做)某事
determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下决心做某事
(2)determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
be determined that… 决心……
(3)determination n．决心；决定
with determination坚决地
单句语法填空
①I have determined _____ going to the countryside after graduating from college.
②He is _____________ (determine) to take good care of his parents from now on.
on
determined
③His advice determined me __________ (drink)and smoke no more.
④Helen was a strong girl and she finally achieved her dream with great ________________ (determine)．
⑤He himself determined _________ (give)his own life to the same cause.
to drink
determination
to give
完成句子
⑥We ___________________________ what happened that night.
我们着手查明那天晚上到底发生了什么事。
⑦(2018·全国Ⅲ卷阅读) Yesterday，I sat with my son，Shepherd，___________ (determine) to test my own theory on this.
昨天，我和儿子Shepherd坐在一起，决定测试我自己的关于这件事的理论。
set out to determine exactly
determined
⑧(2020·全国Ⅱ卷书面表达)I __________________________，to be a useful person to the country and to contribute to the improvement of people’s lives.
我决心要努力学习，做一个对国家有用的人，为改善人民生活做出贡献。
am determined to study hard
2．desire n．渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望
If you desire physical activities，you can choose activities from swimming to horse riding.
如果你想参加体育运动，你可以选择从游泳到骑马等活动。
They desire to help those who are in need of help.
他们渴望帮助那些需要帮助的人。
She desires him to solve this problem.
她渴望他能解决这个问题。
She desires that he (should) stay with her.
她渴望他跟她待在一起。
Do you have an intense desire for truth and honesty
你是否对真相、诚实有极强的渴望？
(1)desire sth. 渴望得到某物
desire to do sth. 希望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
desire that… 希望……(从句中用should do结构，should可以省略)
(2)have a desire for sth. 渴望得到某物
have a desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
“desire that ＋主语＋(should＋)动词原形”表示“希望……”，desire后的主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
The president desired that you (should) visit him next week.
总统希望你下星期去拜访他。
后跟名词性从句，从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”的动词：
一个“坚持”(insist)；
两道“命令”(order，command)；
四条“建议”(suggest，propose，advise，recommend)；
五点“要求”(demand，desire，request，require，urge)。
G
单句语法填空
①He desires _________ (join) the army and devote himself to the country.
②(2022·重庆巴蜀中学高一期末)Fashion is a competitive and hard business where people’s desire ______ new ideas is hard to satisfy.
③Several people have expressed a desire ________ (see) the report.
④At yesterday’s meeting，the manager desired that the project _____________________ (finish) on time.
to join
for
to see
(should) be finished
完成句子
⑤He ___________________________ (渴望她去)and see him at once.
⑥The general commanded that _________________ (我们发起进攻) at once.
⑦It is requested that _______________________ (玛丽和我们待在一起) for the weekend.
desires that she(should) go
we should attack
Mary should stay with us
重 点 短 语
1．be curious about对……好奇
be curious about the strange man 对那个陌生人好奇
be curious to do sth. 好奇做某事
satisfy my curiosity满足我的好奇心
have curiosity to do sth. 有做某事的好奇心
arouse one’s curiosity about… 唤起某人关于……的好奇心
show curiosity about … 对……显示出好奇
out of/through/from curiosity 出于好奇心
with curiosity＝curiously带着好奇心；好奇地
单句语法填空
①(全国Ⅰ卷阅读)Students are being dared to draw a picture，write an article，take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious ________.
学生们可以大胆地画一幅画，写一篇文章，拍一张照片或者写一首诗来表达他们的好奇心。
about
②People gathered round，curious _________ (know) what was happening.
人们聚在一起，好奇地想知道发生着什么事。
③The strange woman looked at us students ____________ (curious)．
那位陌生的女士好奇地看着我们这些学生。
④The people in the hall seemed very nosy，keeping their eyes on me with ____________ (curious)．
大厅里的人似乎很爱窥探(别人)，好奇地盯着我看。
to know
curiously
curiosity
2．be related to与……有关系/有关联
be closely/strongly related to… 与……有密切关系
be directly related to… 与……有直接关系
related to常在句中作后置定语，相当于which/that引导的定语从句。
relate to… 涉及；与……相关
relate A to B把A与B联系起来
in relation to… 关于……；与……相比
“与……有关系/有关联”多种表达：
be connected with
be linked with/to
be involved in
be associated with
have something to do with
单句语法填空
①(2019·全国Ⅱ卷七选五) This is quite important，because it ________ __________ your commitment.
这一点非常重要，因为它与你的投入直接相关。
is directly related to
②(北京卷七选五)For the risk-seekers，a part of the brain __________ (relate)to pleasure becomes active，while for the rest of us，a part of the brain __________ (relate)to fear becomes active.
对于冒险者来说，大脑中与快乐相关的部分变得活跃起来，而对于我们其他人来说，大脑中与恐惧相关的部分变得活跃起来。
③Determining where we are _______________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
根据我们周围的环境来确定自己身在何处，这是我们生存的一项必不可少的技能。
related
related
in relation to
3．succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事
And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication，you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture. (2020·全国Ⅱ)
当你的员工开始在他们的商务交流中加入微笑表情时，你就会知道你已经成功地改善了你的工作文化。
The key to success is to be ready from the start.
成功的关键是从开始就做好准备。
The determined astronaut will surely be successful in her career.
这位坚决的宇航员一定会在事业上取得成功。
If nothing unexpected happens，the millionaire’s eldest son will succeed to his estate.
如果没有意外的话，这个百万富翁的长子将继承他的财产。
succeed vi. 成功；继承 vt. 接替；继任
succeed to… 继承或接替……
success n．[U]成功，胜利；[C]成功的人(或事)
successful adj. 成功的
be successful in… 在……方面成功
After succeeding to his father’s company as president of it successfully，he succeeded in making the company more successful in its field，which helped to make him a big success in turn.
在他成功地继承了父亲的公司并成为公司总裁之后，他使公司在其领域里获得了更大的成功。反过来，公司的成功也成就了他的成功人士的地位。
Y
success是抽象名词，但是当表示“一个成功的人”或者“一件成功的事”时，为可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a，类似的还有surprise，failure等。
Failure is the mother of success.
失败是成功之母。
The film was a great success.
这部电影大获成功。
J
单句语法填空
①I never thought such a little child could _______________________ such a difficult problem.
我从未想过这么小的孩子能成功地处理了这样一个难题。
②(2019·全国Ⅲ卷短文改错改编)If I ____________________ (manage)one cafe，I will open more.
如果我成功经营了一家咖啡馆，我会开更多的。
succeed in dealing with
succeed in managing
③He will _____________________ manager of the firm.
他将接替他父亲担任公司的经理。
④The painter __________________ holding a personal exhibition in Beijing.
这位画家成功地在北京举办了一次个人画展。
⑤After _______________ his father’s company as president successfully，he ______________ making the company more successful，which helped to make him ______________.
在他成功地继承了父亲的公司并成为公司总裁之后，他使公司更加成功，这也使他成为一个成功的人。
succeed his father as
was successful in
succeeding to
succeeded in
a big success
4．focus on/upon集中(注意力、精力等)于
The discussion focused on three main problems.
讨论集中在三个主要问题上。
All eyes were focused on the speaker.
大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。
“集中注意力于/全神贯注于……”表达法集锦：
concentrate (one’s mind/attention) on
be buried/absorbed/lost in
keep one’s mind on
focus/fix one’s mind/attention on
lose oneself in/bury oneself in
单句语法填空
①She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to focus ___________ her studies.
②Catherine was seated in the sofa，totally absorbed _____ the book about youth and dreams.
on/upon
in
完成句子
③I can’t _________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ the book with him singing next door.
由于他在隔壁唱歌，我不能集中注意力看书。
focus on/upon或keep my mind on或concentrate(my attention/mind) on或focus/fix my mind/attention on或be buried/absorbed/lost in或lose/bury myself in
5．carry on继续做，坚持干
They still carried on in spite of the difficult conditions.
尽管条件艰苦，他们仍然坚持了下去。
He carried on a bookstore in the town.
他在城镇上开了一家书店。
The doctor told her to carry on with the treatment.
医生嘱咐她要继续治疗下去。
He carried on working as if nothing had happened.
他若无其事地继续干活。
carry on sth. 从事某事
carry on with sth. 继续某事
carry on doing sth. 继续做某事
carry out 进行；贯彻；执行；实施
carry through 顺利实现
carry off赢得；成功地对付
carry forward 成功地进行
单句语法填空
①Having read stories of Lin Qiaozhi，the girl was determined to carry _____ with her good work.
②If you make a promise，it should be carried ______.
③We must carry on _________ (hope) for the best.
on
out
hoping
用carry短语的适当形式填空
④The team will have to __________ without Professor Smith.
⑤He gave himself a new name to hide his identity when he went to ___________ the secret task.
⑥Although faced with so many difficulties，they still ______________ their research.
carry on
carry out
carry on with
完成句子
⑦We hope that more artists will __________ and develop the folk art.
我们希望更多的艺术家继续发扬并开发这一民间艺术。
⑧She is determined to ______________ her business in spite of so many difficulties.
尽管有很多困难，她决心继续她的事业。
⑨Regular meals give us enough energy to ___________ our daily activities.
有规律的饮食让我们有足够的能量开展我们的日常活动。
carry on
carry on with
carry out
(1)句式分析：这是一个并列句。but连接两个并列的分句，在前一个分句中，These disasters是主语，made是谓语，everyone是宾语，sad and disappointed是形容词作宾语补足语；后面的分句中，主语是the desire，to explore the universe是不定式短语作后置定语，died是谓语。
重 点 句 型
1．These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。
(2)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
该结构的具体形式：
①make＋名词/代词＋不带to的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。
②make＋名词/代词＋过去分词。该过去分词与宾语是动宾关系。
③make＋名词/代词＋形容词。表示“使某人或某物变得……”。
④make＋名词/代词＋名词。表示“使某人或某物成为……”。
⑤make it＋宾补＋不定式(真正的宾语)。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。
Every day my parents make me have an egg. ＝Every day I am made to have an egg by my parents.
我爸妈每天要我吃一个鸡蛋。
It’s too noisy. I can’t make my voice heard.
太吵了，我不能让别人听到我的声音。
We must make the room clean.
我们必须把房间打扫干净。
We made Tom monitor.
我们让汤姆当班长。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.
大雨使得我们无法出去。
学习“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构需注意以下几点：
①能用过去分词作宾补，但不能用现在分词作宾补；
②宾补若是省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时不定式符号to则必须加上；
③如果宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，则名词前不用冠词。
单句语法填空
①This produced a chain reaction，which made _____ possible for life to develop.
②The teacher raised his voice so that he could made himself ________ (hear)．
it
heard
单句写作
③Mary tried to ______________________ (留我们吃晚饭)．
④He believes that the system will _______________________ (让他成为一名更好的医生)．
make us stay for supper
make him a better doctor
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是scientists，hope是谓语，后面是省略了连接词that的宾语从句。在宾语从句中使用了not only… but also… 。
2．Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.
尽管困难重重，科学家希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还能帮助我们在未来活得很好。
(2)not only… but (also)…表示“不但……而且……”。该结构用法说明：
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.
不但学生们反对这个计划，老师也反对。
He not only read the book，but also remembered what he had read.
他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。
Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
太阳给我们提供光和热。
单句语法填空
①Not only he but also I _____ (be) fond of playing the piano.
②Not only his parents but also his brother __________ (go) to the Summer Palace，and they haven’t been back yet.
③Not only he but also his parents _______ (be) pleased when the result was announced.
④Either you or one of your students _____ (be) to give a speech at the opening ceremony.
am
has gone
were
is
单句写作
⑤ __________________________________ (不但我姐姐而且我的父母) like this TV series.
一句多译
他不但种花，而且种蔬菜。
⑥He grows vegetables ___________ flowers.
⑦He _______________ flowers __________ vegetables.
Not only my sister but also my parents
as well as
grows not only
but also
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．A large number of people escaped to the unsettled ___________ (边远地区)，where there was no war.
2．In order for astronauts to get a feel for what they will be doing in space，they practice on a life-sized space __________ (交通工具)．
3．This latest research represents a great leap in our understanding of the ___________ (宇宙)．
4．An inquiry was set up to ____________ (查明) the cause of the accident.
frontier
vehicle
universe
determine
5．Thanks to the technology we could immediately watch the interview which came live by ____________ (卫星) from distant districts.
6．The rocket is designed to _________ (发射) two communication satellites next month.
7．In 1957 the Soviet Union successfully launched the first satellite to ________ (环绕运行) the earth.
8．Snow White was poisoned by an apple. Jack found a ________ (巨人) through his beanstalk(豌豆茎)，and look what happened to Alice when she ate the mushroom!
satellite
launch
orbit
giant
9．I admitted that I was quite frightened when I opened the door of the clothes cupboard because it gave me the impression that the skeleton was about to _______ (跳) out at me.
10．The computer is definitely an invention for the good of all __________ (人类)．
11．The procedure is easy and you can book at your local travel _________ (代理处)．
leap
mankind
agency
12．This is currently the most efficient way to ___________ (输送) certain types of data.
13．Although demand for _______ (数据) delivered by satellite is indeed picking up in Asia，it is mostly for internal corporate use.
14．But many people fighting against climate change were _______________ (失望的) because it failed to hold down temperatures.
15．The athlete practiced very hard out of her strong _________ (欲望) to earn glory for her country.
transmit
data
disappointed
desire
Ⅱ．单句语法填空
make sure，go wrong，succeed in，focus on，believe in，carry on，on board，in the hope of，be independent of，be disappointed at
1．I’m writing to you ______________ obtaining some information related to the selection procedure of astronauts.
2．As long as you ____________ yourself，you can succeed in solving the problem.
in the hope of
believe in
3．When things ____________，all of us felt disappointed and sad，but we tried to seek solutions instead of losing heart.
4．She looked around to ___________ that she was alone and then entered the nearby bar.
5．Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and __________ her super work
6．Have the passengers gone __________ yet The plane to Mexico is about to take off.
went wrong
make sure
carry on
on board
7．We _____________________ the news that he failed in the election of astronauts.
8．He graduated from senior high school and had the fortune to ____________ getting a place at art college.
9．He admitted that the information he gave in the application form was too general. He should have ____________ something special about himself.
10．It was important to me to __________________ my parents financially and mentally.
were disappointed at
succeed in
focused on
be independent of
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．I live ______________ meeting with him; but this meeting is not yet.
我活在与他相见的希望中，但这相见的时间还未到来。
2．He was _________________________ his opinion among us.
他是我们中最后一个发表意见的人。
3．As soon as we went __________，our ship left port.
我们一上船，船就出港了。
in the hope of
the last person to express
on board
4．We will __________ our discussion tomorrow.
我们明天将继续讨论。
5．Unfair bosses and rude staff ________________.
不公正的老板和粗鲁的店员让我们不愉快。
6．Encouraged by what the teacher said，the boy returned to his seat，________________________.(determined)
受到老师所说的话的鼓励，那个男孩回到了座位上，决心更加努力学习。
carry on
make us unhappy
determined to study harder
7．By ___________________ oil，water，paper，food，and clothing，we are playing a part in cutting down on waste. (focus)
通过关注节约油、水、纸张、食品和衣物，我们在减少浪费方面正发挥着作用。
8．The tour guide _____________________________.(signal)
导游示意大家跟着她走。
focusing on saving
signalled (to) us to follow her
Ⅳ．课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Long long ago，human beings held a dream that one day they could leave Earth and explore space. After many experiments，the scientists succeeded 1. _____ making rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity and the 2. _____________ (possible) dream came true.
in
impossible
On 4 October 1957，the Sputnik 1 satellite 3. ______________ (launch) by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. On 20 July 1969，American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon，4. _________ (say)，“That’s one small step for [a] man，one giant leap for mankind. ”
Although scientists tried to make sure nothing went wrong，some accidents still happened，which made everyone sad and disappointed. But the desire 5. ____________ (explore) the universe never died. 6. _____ example of the ongoing exploration is the International Space Station.
was launched
saying
to explore
An
China’s space programme started later than those of Russia and the US，7. ______ it has developed very fast. In 2003，China sent the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft into space
8. ________________ (independent)．Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk，9. ___________ (follow) by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon. More recently，China has sent Chang’e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.
but
independently
followed
Europe，the US，and China all have plans to further explore 10. __________(planet) like Mars and Jupiter. Though there exist many difficulties，scientists hope that future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.
planets
解析：
1．考查介词。succeed in doing sth. 表示成功做成了某事，故填in。
2．考查形容词。空处修饰名词dream，应用形容词，且由语境可知，此处表示不可能(实现)的，故填impossible。
3．考查时态和语态。由时间状语On 4 October 1957可知，应用过去时，satellite与launch之间为动宾关系，故填was launched。
4．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作伴随状语，且与主语American astronaut Neil Armstrong之间为主谓关系，故填现在分词saying。
5．考查非谓语动词。由语境可知，此处表示探索宇宙的愿望从未消亡。空处作后置定语，说明desire的内容，故填不定式to explore。
6．考查冠词。example在此表示“例子”，为可数名词，此处泛指一个例子，应用不定冠词，example的发音以元音音素开头，故填An。
7．考查连词。由语境可知，空处前后之间为转折关系，故填but。
8．考查副词。由语境可知，空处在句中作状语，修饰谓语sent，表示“独立地”，故填副词independently。
9．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作状语，与句子主语之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词followed。
10．考查名词的数。planet为可数名词，且由空后的Mars and Jupiter可知，此处应用复数形式。故填planets。
Ⅴ． 结合课文主题，使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇50词左右的短文
1．人们一直梦想着探索太空(explore space)，然而一些人认为到太空旅行(travelling into space)是不可能的。
2．经过多次的实验之后，苏联在1957年成功地发射了第一颗卫星(launch the first satellite)。尤里·加加林在1961年成为第一个登上太空的人(the first person to go into space)。
3．因此(as a result)，人类探索太空的梦想得以实现。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
People have always dreamed of exploring space. However，some people thought travelling into space was impossible. After many experiments，the USSR succeeded in launching the first satellite in 1957. In 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person to go into space. As a result，humans realise their dream to go into space.(共36张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
单元语法精析
随堂达标验收
单元语法精析
知识概览
Grammar——动词不定式作定语和状语
探究发现
①… people have always wanted to learn more about space，and scientists work hard to find answers.
②They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe.
③However，some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
④For example，America’s NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space…
⑤These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
⑥China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003…
⑦This signalled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future.
⑧More recently，China has sent Chang’e 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.
[我的发现]
(1)句___________为动词不定式作状语。
(2)句___________为动词不定式作定语。
①②④⑧
③⑤⑥⑦
一、动词不定式作定语
1．动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。
Let us give the poor boy something to eat.
让我们给这个可怜的孩子一些吃的东西。
We have much homework to do tonight.
今晚我们有很多作业要做。
2．名词前有first，last，next，only等词以及最高级修饰时，其后要用动词不定式。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。
3．抽象名词attempt，ability，chance，desire，determination，decision，plan，way或不定代词something，nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。
But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work.
但是詹尼斯·阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。
4．当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。
I usually have a lot of meetings to attend.
我通常有很多会议要参加。
She is a nice person to work with in the company.
在公司，她是一个很好的合作伙伴。
5．当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。
We must find a person to do the job.
我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。
We need someone to go and get a doctor.
我们需要有人去请医生。
6．当名词与定语有同位关系时。
We got the order to leave the city yesterday evening.
我们昨晚接到了离开这座城市的命令。
1
单句语法填空
①The airport ________________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
②Do you have anything _______ (do) tonight
③The best way ____________ (improve) your English is to join an English club.
to be completed
to do
to improve
二、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式在句中作状语，主要用来修饰动词和形容词，也可用来修饰副词。在句中，不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等，可表示目的、原因及结果等。
1．目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气，常与in order或so as组成短语。
A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
In order to help him，we would do everything we can.
为了帮助他，我们将尽我们所能。
动词不定式作目的状语
(1)动词不定式作目的状语时，其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。
She went to the hospital to see her grandfather yesterday.
昨天她去医院看望了她爷爷。
(2)置于句首时只用to do/in order to do。如用于表示否定，in order或so as不能省略，用in order not to do或so as not to do形式。
She asked me to drive her to the airport in order/so as to catch the 5：00 plane.
为了赶上5点的飞机，她让我开车把她送到机场。
(3)动词不定式作目的状语可转换为so that/in order that或so… that… 引导的目的状语从句。
He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked so hard that he could pass the exam.
→He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam.
他非常努力以便能通过考试。
2．原因状语，多见于“sb. ＋be＋adj. ＋to do… ”结构中。
I’m disappointed to hear you lack the patience.
听说你缺乏耐心我很失望。
3．结果状语，多见于“too… to… ”；“enough to… ”；only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生)；so/such… as to… (意为“如此……以至于……”)结构中。
The Californian ship arrived too late to save more people.
加利福尼亚号来得太晚，没能挽救更多的人。
The boy is old enough to take care of himself.
这个孩子够大了，能照顾他自己了。
He hurried to the agency only to find the manager had left.
他匆忙赶到代理处，却发现经理已经离开了。
She is(so) proud as to look down upon others.
她太骄傲了，看不起别人。
4．独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
I’d like to stay healthy，but to be honest，I only eat food that tastes good.
我想保持健康，但说实话，我只吃味道好的食物。
现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别
(1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。
Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn’t fit.
她焦急地从包裹中取出裙子，然后试穿了一下，结果发现它不合身。
(2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。
His parents passed away，leaving him an orphan.
他的父母去世了，他成了一个孤儿。
2
单句语法填空
① _________ (work) out the difficult maths problem，I have consulted Professor Russell several times.
② __________ (learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
To work
To learn
③We travel on Day 2 to northern France __________ (visit) the World War I battlefields.
④When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad _________ (find) them alive.
⑤Join us __________ (taste) a variety of fresh local food and drinks.
to visit
to find
to taste
动词不定式作主语、表语和宾语
1．不定式作主语，表示具体的某次动作。若不定式结构比较复杂，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语放在句子的后面。
To do morning exercises is useful for our health.
做早操对我们的健康有益。
It’s important for us to learn English well.
学好英语对我们来说很重要。
Z
2．不定式作表语，表示将来的情况，说明主语的内容。其主语常常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty，job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
His dream is to be a doctor when he grows up.
他的梦想是长大后成为一名医生。
The cleaner’s work is to clean the room every day.
保洁员的工作是每天打扫房间。
3．不定式作宾语，常跟在某些动词后。
(1)不定式作宾语的动词的记忆口诀：
决心学会选计划，拒绝答应想假装；
主动设法愿希望，同意请求帮一帮；
准备威胁易声称，渴望申请败踌躇。
其对应的动词分别为：decide/determine，learn，choose，plan，refuse，promise，want/attempt，pretend，offer，manage，expect/wish/hope，agree，ask/beg，help，prepare，threaten，tend，claim，desire/long，apply，fail，hesitate。
(2)若不定式结构比较复杂，通常用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语放在句子的后面，该用法常见的动词有think，find，make，believe，consider，suppose，feel等。
He found it very difficult to get to sleep.
他发现很难入睡。
I think it useful to learn a foreign language.
我认为学习一门外语是有用的。
I feel it my duty to clean the floor every day.
我觉得每天擦地板是我的责任。
3
单句语法填空
①She had agreed _______ (go) and see a movie with him.
②My ambition is _________ (work) for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.
③He prefers ________ (eat) white bread and rice，which is different from others.
to go
to work
to eat
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ．单句语法填空
1．I’m not sure about his ability _____________ (complete) the task alone.
2．________ (solve) the problems，measures must be taken right away.
3．When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was just glad _________ (find) them alive.
4．In my family，my mother is always the first one ________ (get) up.
5．I am writing to invite you to be a judge at our English dubbing contest ___________ (hold) in our school.
to complete
To solve
to find
to get
to be held
6．The German girl has the ability __________ (learn) Chinese well.
7．I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train __________ (catch)．
8．Join us __________ (taste) a variety of fresh local food and drinks.
9．__________ (learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
10．Tu Youyou became the first Chinese scientist ________ (win) the Nobel Prize in Medicine.
to learn
to catch
to taste
To learn
to win
Ⅱ．完成句子
1．He is the teacher ___________________________.
他是下学期教我们英语的老师。
2．I have nothing ______________________.
我对这问题没什么可说的。
3．The whole family went to beach ______________________.
全家人去海滩度周末。
to teach us English next term
to say on this question
to spend their weekend
4．We shall be very happy _________________________________.
我们将很高兴在这个项目上与你合作。
5．The next plane ___________ is from New York.
下一班到达的飞机来自纽约。
6．He is always ___________________ and last to leave the office.
他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。
7．There are enough chairs for the guests __________.
有足够的椅子给客人坐。
to cooperate with you in the project
to arrive
the first to come to
to sit on
8．We are delighted _________ that you’re going to visit us next month.
很高兴得知你下个月要来看我们。
9．The tea is ________________.
这茶太热了，不能喝。
10．He lifted a rock only _______________________.
他搬起石头结果砸到了自己的脚。
to know
too hot to drink
to drop it on his own feet
Ⅲ．语法主题应用
李华正在和同学张青谈论他的宇航员梦想，请根据语境和提示完成对话。
Zhang：I 1. ____________________ (很高兴得知) you are interested in the space exploration.
Li：Indeed，I’d like to be an astronaut in the future.
Zhang：Sounds good. 2. ______________________ (要想成为一名宇航员)，you need to satisfy the requirements of a qualified astronaut.
am delighted to know
To become an astronaut
Li：Yes. First of all，I should study hard 3. _______________________ ________ (为了得到一个相关的大学学位)．Besides，I must take exercise every day 4. ________________ (来保持健康)．
Zhang：Exactly. Have you heard Yang Liwei，who is the first man in China 5. ________________ (进入太空)，went through lots of mental and physical training.
Li：Of course. He is really a hero. He realized our dream 6. _________________ (探索太空)．
to get a related college
degree
to keep healthy
to go into space
to explore space (共79张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Section Ⅲ Listening and Talking，
Reading for Writing
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．__________ vt. 回收利用；再利用
→________ n. 循环； 自行车
2．_________ n. 肌肉；实力；影响力
3．_______ n．缺乏；短缺；vt. 没有；缺乏
4．________ vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流
5．____________ adv. 否则；要不然
recycle
cycle
muscle
lack
float
otherwise
6．_________ prep. 在更远处；超出
7．________ adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
8．__________ adj. 当前的；现在的 n. 水流；电流；思潮
→____________ adv. 现时； 目前； 当前； 时下
9．_____________ adj. 足够的；充足的
10．________ n．毛巾；抹布
11．_________ n．纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
12．___________ n. 设施；设备
beyond
solar
current
currently
sufficient
towel
tissue
facility
13．________ n．地球；世界；地球仪
→_________ adj. 全球的； 全世界的
14．________ vt. & vi. 论证；争辩；争论
→___________ n．争论；争吵；论点
15．________ adj. 致命的；灾难性的
→_______ n. 命中注定的事(尤指坏事); 命运的安排； 命运
16．__________ adj. 肤浅的；浅的
17．__________ n. 模式；图案；模范
globe
global
argue
argument
fatal
fate
shallow
pattern
18．__________ n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控
19．____________ adv. 经常；定期地
→__________ adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的
→____________ adj. 不规则的；无规律的
→_____________ n．规章；规则；条例
20．_________ n. 枕头
21．_____________ n．智能手机
22．___________ n. 资源；财力；物力
monitor
regularly
regular
irregular
regulation
pillow
smartphone
resource
23．__________ adj. 有限的
→________ vt. & n．限制
→____________ adj. 无限的
→____________ adj. 无限制的；无止境的
24．__________ adj. 结尾的；结束的 n. 停业；关闭；倒闭
25．__________ n. 神秘事物；谜
→_____________ adj. 神秘的
26．_________ vt. 系；绑；贴
27．_________ n. 氧；氧气
limited
limit
unlimited
limitless
closing
mystery
mysterious
attach
oxygen
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．solar _________ 太阳系；类太阳系
2．figure ______ 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
3．result _____ 导致；造成
4．as ____ result所以；结果(是)
5．provide ______ sb. 提供生活所需
6．_____ closing 最后
system
out
in
a
for
in
7．run ______ 用完；耗尽
8．look forward _____ 期望；期待；盼望
9．be curious ________ 对……好奇
10．plenty _____ 大量；许多
11．know ________ 了解；知道……的情况
12．make ____ difference有影响；有重要作用
13．____ number of若干；许多
14．_____ present目前；现在
out
to
about
of
about
a
a
at
Ⅲ．重点句型
It is necessary to find a new home for people in space，_________ ______________________________.
由于地球上的资源会消耗殆尽，所以在太空中为人们找到一个新家是有必要的。
as the
resources on Earth will run out
Ⅳ．课文预读
1．Why do some people argue against space exploration？______
A．They think the world is too poor.
B．They argue that the earth is too heavily polluted.
C．They think it a waste of money and time.
D．They worry that some fatal diseases will be taken into space.
C
2．How can exploring space help fight against hunger？______
A．The scientists analyse the data recorded by satellites and provide useful suggestions for farmers.
B．Satellites orbiting Earth can help fight against severe weather.
C．improving output of crops.
D．The scientists invent some useful equipment to help with farming.
A
3．By regarding our planet as an island in a black sea，people will realise that ______.
A．we have such a rapidly increasing population
B．the resources are so limited
C．it is hard to find other planets as our new home
D．life on Mars will be nicer than that on Earth
B
4．According to the passage，which of the following items is NOT the benefit caused by space exploration？______
A．Machines in factories. B．Memory foam pillows.
C．Smartphone cameras D．Heart monitors.
A
课内要点探究
重 点 单 词
1．argue vt. &vi. 论证；争辩；争论
(1)argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人争辩某事
argue for/against提出理由支持/反对
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做某事/不做某事
＝persuade sb. to do/not to do sth.
argue for the poor old man为那位可怜的老人辩护
argue against hunting whales反对捕鲸
argue that… 主张……；认为……；争辩道……
argument n．争论；争吵；论点
(2)settle an argument解决争端
have an argument with sb. 与某人争论/争吵
have an argument about/over sth. 为某事争论/争吵
get into an argument争论/争吵起来
单句语法填空
①We were argued _____________ the shirt made of cotton.
我们被说服买了这件棉布衬衫。
②The couple often argue _______ each other ________ their daughter’s education.
这对夫妻常常为了女儿的教育问题争吵。
into buying
with
about
③(2019·天津卷阅读)I liked facts，things that are concrete. I thought anything abstract left too much room for ___________ (argue)．
我喜欢事实，那些具体的东西。我认为任何抽象的东西都有太多争论的余地。
argument
2．limited adj. 有限的
I have only a limited understanding of French.
我只懂得一点儿法语。
The amount of money we have is limited.
我们现有的钱不多。
(1)limit vt. 限制；限定 n．限制；范围，界限(常作复数)
limit… to… 把……限定在……范围内
set a limit to/on sth. 对……限定范围
within the limits of… 在……范围内
beyond the limit超过限度；超越极限
There is a/no limit to/on… 对……是有/无限度的(to是介词)
(2)unlimited adj. 尽量多的；任意多的；无限制的
limitless adj. 无限制的；无止境的
limitation n．限制；控制；局限
单句语法填空
①Time is __________ (limit)，so we must get down to work now.
②The universe is becoming bigger all the time，so it is ____________ (limit)．
③There is a limit _________ what one person can do.
④(2021·浙江卷七选五)Many people in China ______________ (limit) exposure to English
limited
limitless
to/on
have limited
完成句子
⑤The noise of your radio must ______________ (限定在) a level that we can all bear.
⑥We must __________________ (控制)the expense of the trip.
⑦I’ll help as much as I can，but ______________________ (对……是有限的)what I can do.
be limited to
set a limit to/on
there’s a limit to/on
3．attach vt. 系；绑；贴
Please attach these labels to your hand luggage.
请把这些标签系在您的手提行李上。
I will attach a document to the letter.
我将把文件附在信上。
He is deeply attached to the old camera.
他非常爱惜那个旧相机。
This middle school is attached to a normal college.
这所中学附属于一所师范学院。
Parents attach much importance to education.
父母认为教育很重要。
(1)attach… to… 把……固定在/附在……上
attach(great/little)importance/significance/value/weight to认为……(很有/几乎没有)重要性/意义/价值/分量
(2)attached adj. 附加的；附属的；依恋的
be attached to喜欢；附属于；为……工作
(3)attachment n．附属品；爱慕；连接(物)
以上attach短语中的to均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
单句语法填空
①Attach a recent photo _____ the application form.
②We’ve grown very ___________ (attach) to this village and won’t want to move.
③To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to ___________ (become)rich and famous.
④The _____________ (attach) of the new engine to the car only took a few minutes.
to
attached
becoming
attachment
完成句子
⑤My youngest brother _______________ (喜欢) collecting rocket models.
⑥The school _______________ (附属于)Beijing Normal University.
⑦I _______________________________________ (不把……当回事儿)these rumours.
is attached to
is attached to
don’t attach any importance/significance to
重 点 短 语
1．figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白；合计；计算出；想出
Can you figure out the answer to the question
你能想出这个问题的答案吗？
I still can’t figure out why she burst into tears yesterday.
我仍然想不明白她昨天为什么会突然大哭起来。
My father is trying to figure out his tax.
我的父亲正在努力计算他的税额。
Have you figured out how much the trip will cost
你算出来旅行要花多少费用了吗？
“动词＋out”型的其他短语：
break out(战争、灾难等)爆发；发生
bring out使显示；出版；生产
come out出现；出版；结果是
give out分发；分布；用完；耗尽
leave out遗漏；省略
look out/watch out当心；留神
make out勉强看出、听出；理解；弄清楚
pick out精心挑选；辨别出
point out指出
set out出发；动身；(怀着目标)开始工作，展开任务
turn out制造； 生产；原来是；结果是
work out算出；想出；制定出；锻炼；解决；产生结果；被证明有效
写出句中figure out的含义
①Please help me to figure out my income tax. _________
②I’m busy now. You should figure out a way to solve the problem. _______
③I can’t figure out why he gave up the well-paid job. _________
计算出
想出
弄清楚
单句语法填空
④I couldn’t figure ______ what made our boss so angry at the meeting.
⑤We need to study and figure out how ____________ (promote) our products.
out
to promote
用含out的有关短语填空
⑥When the Second World War ___________，my grandfather was at university.
⑦When we climbed to the top of Mount Tai，my legs __________.
⑧The book has been translated into more than 30 languages since it __________ in 1945.
broke out
gave out
came out
⑨It was so foggy that the driver could hardly __________ the way ahead.
⑩To keep fit，the famous actress spends about two hours ___________ every day.
He said he was a general; but later he ____________ to be a cheat.
While crossing the street，you must ____________________ for the cars.
make out
working out
turned out
look out/watch out
2．look forward to 期望；期待；盼望
We should look forward to the future.
我们应该展望未来。
I look forward to paying you a visit next week.
我期待着下星期去拜访你。
look forward to 中的 to 为介词，其后要接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
to 为介词的短语：
pay attention to 注意
devote… to… 致力于……
prefer… to… 比起……更喜欢……
contribute to… 为……做贡献；投稿；有助于；促成
belong to属于
get down to… 着手做……
lead to通向；导致
object to反对
refer to谈判；涉及；参考；查阅
完成句子
①(2017·全国Ⅲ卷语法填空)Sarah Thomas _____________________ the challenge of her new A-level course.
莎拉·托马斯期待着她新的高级课程的挑战。
②He was already _____________________________ (practice)the new music.
他已经在盼望着练习这首新曲子了。
is looking forward to
looking forward to practicing
③(2019·天津3月卷写作)Today I’d like to introduce a book to you which I like much—The Five Thousand Years History，which ____________ history books.
今天我想给你们介绍一本书，我很喜欢的《五千年的历史》，它属于历史书。
④(2019·全国Ⅲ卷阅读)The trend，then，was toward the “penny paper”—a term ______________ papers made widely available to the public.
当时的趋势是“便士报纸”，这个术语指的是对公众广泛开放的报纸。
belongs to
referring to
3．result in导致；造成
Positive thinking and action result in success.
积极的思想和行动导致成功。
The accident resulted in the death of two people.
这场意外事故造成两人死亡。
result in(＝lead to＝contribute to)导致，引起(其后接结果)
result from(＝lie in)由……产生，存在于(其后接原因)
as a result所以；结果(是)
as a result of因为；由于
result in与result from
T
as a result与as a result of
as a result“因此，结果(是)”，单独使用，一般放在句首，后面常加逗号。
as a result of“作为……的结果，由于”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
完成句子
①There is no doubt that his drunk driving _____________ the accident.
毫无疑问，他的酒驾导致了这次事故。
②According to the passage，children’s fear and dislike of books may _____________ being made to read aloud before others.
根据这篇文章，孩子们对书的恐惧和厌恶可能是由于被强迫在别人面前朗读造成的。
resulted in
result from
③According to Sparrow，we are not becoming people with poor memories ______________ the Internet.
斯派洛认为，我们不会因为互联网而成为记忆力差的人。
一句多译
他的失败是工作不够努力造成的。
④ ____________________________________________
⑤ ______________________________________________
as a result of
Not working hard enough resulted in his failure.
His failure resulted from not working hard enough.
4．provide for sb. 提供生活所需
provide information提供信息
provide free services提供免费服务
provide sb. with sth. ＝provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
比较：①provide强调提供所需之物。
单句语法填空
①Without work，how can I provide ______ my children
②(2019·全国Ⅲ卷阅读)In their cages the monkeys were provided _______ touch screens.
③We supply power _____ the five nearby towns.
④(2019·浙江卷完形)Only about one in ten places __________ (offer) him food that would otherwise be discarded.
for
with
to
offered
5．run out用完；耗尽
①run out＝give out“用完，耗尽”，是不及物动词短语，主语是“物”。
②run out of＝use up“用完，耗尽”，是及物动词短语，主语是“人”。
run out，give out，run out of不可用于被动语态；use up可用于被动语态。
Our money ran out/gave out.
＝We ran out of/used up our money.
＝Our money was used up.
我们的钱用完了。
完成句子
①She has __________ her money and her patience ________________.
她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也要耗尽了。
run out of
is also runing out
②(2019·北京卷完形)If they ___________ certain daily necessities，Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.
如果他们的某些生活必需品用完了，威尔逊会开车到最近的商店去买他们所需的东西。
③(2018·江苏卷完形)Their savings had been _________ to pay lawyers’ fees.
为了支付律师费，他们的积蓄已经用完了。
run out of
used up
(1)在此句式中it为形式主语，不定式短语to find a new home… 为真正的主语。
it作形式主语时的常用句型：it＋is＋形容词/名词/分词＋to do/doing/that从句。
重 点 句 型
It is necessary to find a new home for people in space，as the resources on Earth will run out.
由于地球上的资源会消耗殆尽，所以有必要为人类在太空中找到一个新家。
注意：在英语中，形式主语或形式宾语只能用it，不能用this，that或其他代词。
it作形式主语而从句是真正主语的常见句式：
It is a pity/surprise/wonder… that…
It is likely/surprising/interesting… that…
It is said/believed/reported… that…
(2)as引导原因状语从句
as引导原因状语从句时，表示“因为，由于”，所表示的理由较弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。
As she wrote hurriedly，she didn’t notice the spelling errors.
因为写得仓促，她没有注意到拼写错误。
As he was tired，he went to bed at once.
因为累了，他立即就去睡觉了。
Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest.
人人都喜欢你，因为你不仅善良，而且诚实。
完成句子
① __________________ he should have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
很奇怪，他竟然未经主人的同意就拿走了那些书。
②It is no use ___________ (recite) the key points without understanding them.
背诵这些要点而不理解它们是没用的。
It’s strange that
reciting
③ __________________ the girl is attached to the toy selected by her mother.
很显然，小女孩喜欢妈妈选的这个玩具。
④ ___________________ smoking does harm to our health.
人们相信吸烟对我们的健康有害。
⑤Some pressure is good for you ________________________ try harder.
有一些压力对你是有好处的，因为它可以帮助你更加努力。
It is obvious that
It is believed that
as/since it can help you
写出下列句中as引导的从句类型
⑥—Coach，can I continue with the training
—Sorry，you can’t as you haven’t recovered from the knee injury. _______________
⑦As the average age of the population increases ，there are more and more old people to care for. _______________
⑧Will you please do the experiment as I am doing ？_______________
原因状语从句
时间状语从句
方式状语从句
随堂达标验收
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．A new recycling ___________ (设备) will be provided by the local council next month.
2．She takes a _______ (渴望的) interest in politics and current affairs.
3．A direct and obvious example is that many marine animals are dispersed(驱散) around the ________ (地球) by ocean currents.
4．He determined to ________ (争论) with the man who was selling the tickets.
5．The delay may be disappointing but is not ________ (致命的)．
facility
keen
globe
argue
fatal
6．The river is too __________ (浅) for our big boat to float on.
7．The company set a __________ (模式) of what a good company should be，which made a difference to us.
8．We can’t come to a conclusion now and further ___________ (分析) of the data is needed.
9．Those are considered to be ____________ (高端的) vehicles and usually are more expensive than the normal ones.
10．Our satellite technology means that we can __________ (监视) enemy airwaves more closely than ever before.
shallow
pattern
analysis
high-end
monitor
11．What’s the __________ (正常的，常规的) procedure for filing a complaint
12．He desires to fall asleep as soon as his head hits the _________ (枕头)．
13．The teenager is mentally addicted to his _____________ (智能手机) and can’t focus on other things.
14．We have launched a campaign to support the sustainable use of natural ____________ (资源)．
15．The task is too much for a person of __________ (有限的) intelligence.
regular
pillow
smartphone
resources
limited
Ⅱ．短语填空
fight against，sound like，a solution to，in closing，a number of，make a difference，in one’s efforts to，be keen to，because of，as a result，result in，plenty of，provide for，look forward to，run out
1．She ___________ figure out which of the current trends would benefit her business most.
2．That _____________ a good solution to skill shortage of water in this district.
is keen to
sounds like
3．The company is still seeking ______________ its financial problems.
4．It shows that determination and persistence can really ________ ___________.
5．There are ____________ shops which sell diverse souvenirs in the tourist attractions.
6．___________________ persuade us to buy this or that product，advertisers have made a close study of humankind nature and weakness.
7．However，when __________________ another rattlesnake，it does not use its poison teeth.
a solution to
make a
difference
a number of
In their efforts to
fighting against
8．The passage is an analysis of the current problems in teaching. ____________，it gives several thoughts on the experimental teaching.
9．We can rely on the conclusion of the study because it is based on ___________ reliable data.
10．He is ___________________ enjoying the unique architectures of historical importance.
11．The material is not sufficient and will _________ soon so we need to buy some before using all up.
In closing
plenty of
looking forward to
run out
12．He was not admitted as an astronaut ____________ his poor health，which made him quite disappointed.
13．To our sorrow，the accident _____________ the death of 3 astronauts.
14．First memory was stored in tubes and later on very small chips. ____________，the computer totally changed its shape.
15．The data suggests that just 20% more produce will mean the difference between families going hunger and families who can ___________ themselves.
because of
resulted in
As a result
provide for
Ⅲ．课文语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People hold different views on whether much money and energy should be spent in 1. ____________ (explore) space. In fact，exploring space has already made a great difference in our life. Now a number of satellites 2. ______________ (orbit) Earth，many of which have transmitted important data to scientists on Earth.
exploring
are orbiting
After careful analysis，the scientists can provide 3. _________ (use) recommendations and advice for farmers. 4. _____ a result，space-based science has helped farming in its efforts 5. _________ (grow) enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
useful
As
to grow
Space exploration has a big impact on our life. High-end products are made to a higher standard because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the 6. _______________ (require) for space exploration. Today，space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries，and everyday products such as GPS，memory foam pillows，7. ______ smartphone cameras are changing our lives.
requirements
and
Sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems. Seeing pictures of our planet as 8. _____ island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited. In order to provide for such a 9. __________ (rapid) increasing population，scientists are trying to find other planets 10. ______________ could one day be our new home. All in all，exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.
an
rapidly
that/which
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。“spend… in doing… ”为固定结构，表示“花费金钱/精力等做某事”。故填exploring。
2．考查动词的时态和语态。空处在句中作谓语，结合时间状语Now以及语境可知，此处表示现在正在进行的动作，故用现在进行时；satellites为复数形式，与orbit之间为主谓关系，故填are orbiting。
3．考查形容词。空处作定语修饰recommendations and advice，故填形容词useful。
4．考查介词。as a result为固定搭配，表示“因此”，故填As。
5．考查非谓语动词。in an/one’s effort to do sth. 为固定短语，故填 to grow。
6．考查名词的数。requirement在此表示“必要条件，必备的条件”，是可数名词，且根据语境可知，此处应用复数形式，故填 requirements。
7．考查连词。由语境可知，smartphone cameras与前面的GPS，memory foam pillows为并列关系，故填and。
8．考查冠词。island为可数名词，此处泛指一座岛屿，且island的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
9．考查副词。空处修饰increasing，应用副词，表示增长迅速，故填rapidly。
10．考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句修饰planets，并在从句中作主语，故填that或which。(共31张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Section Ⅳ 写作指导
写作方法指导
写作指导
议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主张。作者对某一问题持有一种看法，为了使读者同意自己的看法，提出若干理由，企图说服他人。高中英语议论文的写作要注意以下几点：
1．论点要鲜明、确切，一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点，论点一般在开头提出，然后加以论证。
如何写议论文
2．论据要充分、可靠。一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语、格言、名人名言作为论据。
3．论证要严密、得法。归纳法和演绎法是议论文常用的论证方法。归纳法以例子为基础，从几个例子和现象中，归纳出某种道理和看法。演绎法以一个或多个看法为基础，从一般论断，演绎到不同事例，再加以论述，最后再回到一般论断上来。
【常用表达】
第一部分，套用相关句型来引出议论。
1．Recently，our class have had a heated discussion about whether…
2．These years，some students are interested in…
3．Now，some people hold the view that…
4．I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about…
5．There are two opinions on it.
6．Opinions are divided on the question.
第二部分，采用关联词和句型列举事实依据，采用正反对比或归纳推理的方法，证明所持观点的正确性及表明其所持的态度。
1．Besides/In addition/Apart from it/What’s more/Above all…
2．For example… /There are… ，such as… and so on.
3．On the one hand… on the other hand…
4．First… Second… Third…
5．On the contrary/However/While… /But…
6．At the same time，we should…
7．If… ，I believe we will…
8．As we see/As we all know/As far as I know，…
9．Of all students，40% of them think… ，but others do not agree.
10．Some people believe that… ，but others say/consider that…
11．Some students are for the idea/are in favor of it/agree with it，while/but others are against it/disagree with it.
第三部分，引用表示因果关系的关联词语、总结性的语句强调和重申提出的观点，或者引用某些特定的短语和句型来揭示观点、礼貌地征求对方的建议。
1．In a word，… . /In short，… /In brief，…
2．As a result，… /Therefore，…
3．No doubt doing something is… /There is no doubt that…
4．So in a word，we should… ，and only in this way can we…
5．Generally speaking，most students think we should…
6．In fact/As a matter of fact，we can…
7．So，for something，I suggest that we should do…
8．In my opinion，I think…
9．I have my own view about it，and I think…
10．Personally，I believe it is…
11．Now，we really don’t know what to do about it. Could you tell us some good advice and help us out
【写作模板】
(一)不同观点列举型(选择型)
There is a widespread concern over the issue that (作文题目) _______．But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that (观点一) _______．In their views there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place，(原因一)_______．Furthermore，in the second place，(原因二)_______．So it goes without saying that (观点一) _______．
People，however，differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that (观点二)_______．In their point of view，on the one hand，(原因一)_______．On the other hand，(原因二) _______．Therefore，there is no doubt that (观点二)_______．
As far as I am concerned，I firmly support the view that (观点一或二) _______．It is not only because _______，but also because _______．The more _______，the more _______．
(二)利弊型的议论文
Nowadays，there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) (作文题目)_______．In fact，there are both advantages and disadvantages in (题目议题)_______．Generally speaking，it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly，(优点一)_______．And secondly (优点二) _______．
Just as a popular saying goes，“every coin has two sides”，(讨论议题)_______ is no exception，and in other words，it still has negative aspects. To begin with，(缺点一)_______．In addition，(缺点二)_______．
To sum up，we should try to bring the advantages of (讨论议题) _______ into full play，and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case，we will definitely make a better use of the (讨论议题)_______．
(三)答题性议论文
Currently，there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) (作文题目)_______．It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result，we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know，there are many steps which can be taken to solve this problem. First of all，(途径一) ___.In addition，another way contributing to success of solving the problem is (途径二)_______．
Above all，to solve the problem of (作文题目)_______，we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned，I would prefer to solve the problem in this way，that is to say(方法)_______．
(四)谚语警句性议论文
It is well known to us that the proverb “(谚语)_______”has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means (谚语的含义)_______．The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.
A case in point is (例子) _______．Therefore，it goes without saying that it is of great importance to practice the proverb (谚语)_______．
With the rapid development of science and technology in China，an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: (谚语) _______．The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying，the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
精品展示
近年来，学生越来越广泛地使用电子词典，这既给学生带来了便利，也给学生带来了一些负面影响。请你根据以下要求写一篇英语短文：
1．电子词典的优点；
2．电子词典的缺点；
3．你的观点和结论。
注意：词数80左右。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【审题谋篇】
第一步 明确要求
该写作属于利弊型的议论文，故以第三人称为主；时态以一般现在时为主。
第二步 确定段落
本文应该分四段：
Para. 1 提出话题；
Para. 2 使用电子词典的好处；
Para. 3 使用电子词典的坏处；
Para. 4 你的观点和结论。
第三步 提炼要点
1．The discussion about electronic dictionaries has never stopped in the past few years.
近几年来，关于电子词典的讨论从未停止过。
2．An electronic dictionary has lots of advantages.
电子词典有很多优点。
3．The negative effects of an electronic dictionary are also obvious.
电子词典的负面影响也很明显。
4．It can be most helpful to us in many respects so long as we can make proper use of it.
只要我们能适当地利用它，它在许多方面对我们都会很有帮助。
第四步 句式升级
1．电子词典有很多优点，最大的优点就是它的方便。
(一般表达)An electronic dictionary has lots of advantages. The biggest is its convenience.
(高级表达)An electronic dictionary has lots of advantages，________ the biggest is its convenience.
of which
2．现在，我们可以清楚地看到，电子词典本身并不是有益或有害的。
(一般表达)Now，we can see that an electronic dictionary is not beneficial or harmful in itself.
(高级表达)Now，we can see it clearly that an electronic dictionary is ______________________________ in itself.
neither beneficial nor harmful
参考范文：
The discussion about electronic dictionaries has never stopped in the past few years.
An electronic dictionary has lots of advantages，of which the biggest is its convenience. What’s more，they can pronounce the words clearly. Last but not least，more and more students can afford them.
However，the negative effects are also obvious. To begin with，some students rely too much on them. In the second place，some explanations are not so accurate.
Now，we can see it clearly that an electronic dictionary is neither beneficial nor harmful in itself. The key lies in the users—so long as we can make proper use of it，it can be most helpful to us in many respects.
亮点点评：
本文结构严谨。首段提出一个长时间争论的话题；第二段中指出该事物的优点；第三段阐述缺点；第四段首句下结论，表明此事物本身无对错，第二句指出关键在于使用者，即如果合理使用，就会从中受益。文章的论点和结论清楚明了，论据充分有力。
在文字的运用上，本文词汇丰富，衔接顺畅而不乏高级词汇。例如afford，rely too much on和last but not least等的运用，恰当而有力。
假定你是李华，最近你班举行了一次班会，班会的主题是：太空探险意义。请结合下表内容，用英语给校报写一篇文章，客观地介绍讨论的情况并表达你自己的观点。
赞同者 反对者
1. 获得新的知识； 2．从太空取得新资源； 3．扩大人类的生存空间。 1. 耗资巨大；
2．宇航员的安全问题。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文：
Dear Editor，
We had a discussion over whether it’s necessary to carry out the outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day. Some of us think it important to research the outer space. First，people can get a better understanding of the outer space through their explorations. Second，new resources can be found there for humans to use and bring about new living space for human life.
However，others don’t believe so. In their opinion，not only does this kind of exploration cost too much money but also it’s very dangerous for astronauts to do such work.
I think such explorations into the outer space are worth trying out.
Yours，
Li Hua(共14张PPT)
UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Ⅰ．重点单词
1．____________ n. 宇航员；太空人
2．____________ n. 程序；步骤；手续
3．_____________ abbr. 厘米
4．_________ n. 火箭；火箭弹
5．__________ n. 重力；引力
6．___________ n. 边境；国界；边远地区
7．__________ n. 交通工具；车辆
8．____________ n. 人造卫星；卫星
astronaut
procedure
centimeter
rocket
gravity
frontier
vehicle
satellite
9．_________ n. & vt. 发射；发起；上市
10．________ n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围 vi. & vt. 沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
11．__________ n. 人类
12．_______ n. [pl. ]资料；数据
13．_________ n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望
14．__________ adj. 持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的
15．_______ vi. & vt. (两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港 n．码头；船坞
launch
orbit
mankind
data
desire
ongoing
dock
16．_________ vi. & vt. 标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
17．__________ vt. 回收利用；再利用
18．_________ n. 肌肉；实力；影响力
19．________ vi. 浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt. 使浮动；使漂流
20．____________ adv. 否则；要不然
21．_________ prep. 在更远处；超出
22．________ adj. 太阳的；太阳能的
23．__________ adj. 当前的；现在的 n．水流；电流；思潮
24．_____________ adj. 足够的；充足的
signal
recycle
muscle
float
otherwise
beyond
solar
current
sufficient
25．________ n. 毛巾；抹布
26．_________ n. 纸巾； (人、动植物细胞的)组织
27．___________ n. 设施；设备
28．_______ adj. 热衷的；渴望的
29．________ adj. 致命的；灾难性的
30．__________ adj. 肤浅的；浅的
31．__________ n. 模式；模范；图案
32．__________ n. 监视器；监测仪 vt. 监视；监测；监控
33．___________ n. 资源；财力；物力
towel
tissue
facility
keen
fatal
shallow
pattern
monitor
resource
34．__________ adj. 结尾的；结束的 n．停业；关闭；倒闭
35．__________ n. 神秘事物；迷
36．_________ vt. 系；绑；贴
37．_________ n. 氧；氧气
38．_________ adj. 精神的；思想的
→___________ adv. 精神地；思想地
39．______________ adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的
→_______________ n. 智力；智慧；才智
closing
mystery
attach
oxygen
mental
mentally
intelligent
intelligence
40．___________ n. 宇宙；天地万物
→____________ adj. 普遍的；全体的；全世界的
→______________ adv. 全体地；一致地
41．____________ vt. 查明；确定；决定
→_____________ adj. 意志坚定的；有决心的
→________________ n. 决心；果断
42．_________ →n. (政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
→________ n. 代理人；经纪人
universe
universal
universally
determine
determined
determination
agency
agent
43．___________ vt. & vi. 传输；发送
→_______________ n. 传送；传递；发送；发射
→______________ n. 发射机；发射台；传播者；传输者
44．_______________ adj. 失望的；沮丧的
→_____________ vt. 使失望；使沮丧
→_________________ n. 失望；沮丧
45．_______________ n. 独立
→______________ adj. 独立的；自立的
→________________ adv. 独立地；自立地
transmit
transmission
transmitter
disappointed
disappoint
disappointment
independence
independent
independently
46．_______ vt. 缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺
→__________ adj. 缺乏的；不足的
47．________ n. 地球；地球仪；世界
→_________ adj. 全球的；总体的
48．________ vt. & vi. 论证；争辩；争论
→___________ n. 争论；争吵；论点
lack
lacking
globe
global
argue
argument
49．__________ vt. 分析
→___________ n. (对事物的)分析；分析结果
50．__________ adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的
→____________ adv. 经常；定期地
51．________ v. 限制
→__________ adj. 有限的
→____________ adj. 无限的
analyse
analysis
regular
regularly
limit
limited
limitless
Ⅱ．重点短语
1．__________ 继续做；坚持干
2．__________ 在宇宙飞船上；在船上
3．_______________________ 抱着……的希望
4．_________________ 为了；以便
5．____________ 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
carry on
on board
in the hope of doing sth.
so as to(do sth. )
figure out
6．____________ 最后
7．_____________ 提供生活所需
8．____________ 结果(是)；所以
9．___________ 导致；造成
10．_________ 用完；耗尽
in closing
provide for
as a result
result in
run out
Ⅲ．句式结构
1．the＋序数词＋名词＋to do
Yuri Gagarin became ______________________________________.
尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
2．make＋宾语＋形容词作宾语补足语
These disasters _________________________________，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人感到悲伤和失望，但是(人们)探索宇宙的渴望从未泯灭。
the first person in the world to go into space
made everyone sad and disappointed
3．句型：this is because… 这是因为……
________________ people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。
4．whether… or… 无论……还是……
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions，____________________________________ _____________.
世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务，无论是去火星还是更远的星球。
This is because
whether to Mars or other planets much further away
