01.冠词与数词及主谓一致-2023年上海名校高中自主招生英语直通车（含答案）

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第
01
讲：
冠词与数词及主谓一致
)
考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接
考点归纳
一、 冠词与数词
定冠词the:
⑴ 用于前面已说过的人或事，也可用于说话方、听话方都知道的共同指代事物前
⑵ 序数词、最高级、江河、山脉、群岛、特指事物(如定语从句)、独一无二的事物、报刊、乐器、某些专有名词前；用于某些名词前表抽象意义，如be pleased to the eye
⑶ 特指一家人、一类人: the Greens (此时将其视作复数对待), the poor, the disabled
⑷ 某些固定搭配，如the more…the more, pat sb. on the shoulder, etc.
零冠词:
⑴ go to school与go to the school / in class与in the class / at table与at the table / in front of与in the front of / take place与take the place of / the three of us与three of us等
⑵ 表示玩球时，球类名词前为零冠词；季节、月份、节假日、日期、星期、称呼、三餐等名词前为零冠词(注: 球类名词前可加the，如the ball over there)
⑶ 用于复数可数名词前表不定指；某些表示时间的词前为零冠词，如next week, at night
⑷ 普通职称、头衔前一般零冠词，如President Kennedy
不定冠词a与an:
⑴ 用于名字前，表示不确定的某人
⑵ 第一次提到某事物或表示一类事物前；用于某些单位前(ten miles an hour / pay by the hour)
⑶ 特殊结构，如many a / an；某些不可数名词具体化时，多需加a / an，如knowledge
注意某些情况下有无冠词的区别，如the doctor and the lawyer the doctor and lawyer
时间、数字、分数等的正确表达以及a hundred与hundreds of / unit six与the sixth unit
注意特殊的数词表达方式:
⑴ two dozen (num.) eggs dozens (n.) of eggs (将dozen等词视作hundred解题)
⑵ 几十年代 in the + 数词复数，如in the 1990s (in the 1990’s / in the nineteen nineties)
在某人的几十岁时in one’s + 数词复数(整十数)
二、 主谓一致
一些名词: (斜杠分隔不同种类的名词，每一类名词仅举数例)
a. police, people, youth, cattle, poultry + v. (plural)
b. furniture, knowledge, clothing, luggage, baggage, vegetation, machinery + v. (single)
c. clothes, trousers / glasses / belongings, savings, surroundings, sufferings, understandings /
arms, goods, manners, suburbs, wages / the Olympic Games + v. (plural)
d. politics, physics, mathematics, economics, electronics, the United States + v. (single)
e. time / distance / weight / money + v. (usually single)
e.g. $5 is enough. Ten years have passed since he returned.
f. sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, series, works + v. (single or plural)
e.g. The Chinese speak Chinese.
g. family, group, class, team, crew, staff, population, audience, committee, club, crowd, public, party, government + v. (single or plural)
h. potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, Negroes, mosquitoes + v. (plural)
一些结构:
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正确理解“就近原则”，如题
52
) a. not only … but (also) / neither … nor … / either … or … / not … but … / whether … or … / there be (stand, lie, live, etc.) 就近原则
b. each, every + n. / neither, either + v. (single)
c. both … and … / … and …常用复数
d. Tom, as well as his friends, is going to the bar. (but, except for, besides, along with, together with, in addition to, etc.) 可视作插入语
比较:
(
2
)a. The worker and novelist is going to leave. The worker and the novelist are going to leave.
b. More than one student likes bungee jump. Many a student likes it. Few like the film.
c. 30% of the apple is bad. 30% of the apples are bad.
d. The rest of the water isn’t fit to drink. The rest of the books are fit to read.
e. Tom is one of the students who have been given the prizes. Tom is the (only, very) one of the students who has been given the prizes.
f. The rich / poor are singing. The dying boy is waiting. The good / evil is there.
g. A pair of glasses is not expensive. His glasses are broken.
h. What he wants are more books. What he wants is more money.
i. A number of books are interesting. The number of the books is interesting.
j. The remaining of the people are helping us. None of the books is / are interesting.
k. All is silent. (物)万籁俱寂。(environment, sth.) All are silent. (人)鸦雀无声。(people, sb.)
l. This kind of books sells well. Books of this kind sell well.
某些数词:
a. a lot of / plenty of + n. ([C] or [U])+ v. (single or plural)
b. some, any, every, no + -body, -one, -thing + v. (single) / all, some, any + n. (plural) + v. (plural)
注意:
a. It is I that am right on the matter.
b. That he bought some books yesterday is surprising.
c. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
d. Doing a lot of exercises benefits us students.
e. It was Tom & Jerry who I wanted to meet.
f. of问题: This pair of shoes is great. / Most of the students are here.
对应平衡结构: The audience have seats. “s”提示此处audience不指一个整体，故用have
g. what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most等的谓语单复数由指代词决定
h. 带all, most, half, part, rest, per cent, one-third等词的名词词组由中心词决定谓语动词
i. 当并列主语指的是同一人、物或概念时，或and连接两个含有every, each, no的名词短语 时，谓语动词用单数
考前巩固
I. Put in the, a, an or “/ (which means no article is needed)”.
Sam had worked thirty years for _____ same company and now he had to retire. As _____ sign of gratitude, _____ company held _____ dinner in his honor. “Sam,” announced _____ boss, “it is my great honor to present _____ gift to you on behalf of _____ company.” Sam walked down to _____ front of the table and accepted _____ gift with _____ pride. It was _____ gold watch and on it was written “To faithful Sam for thirty years of service” Sam wept. “I am at _____ loss for words.” At home, Sam’s wife looked at _____ gold watch critically. “For this you worked thirty years _____ cheap gold-plated watch ” “It’s _____ thought, dear,” answered Sam, “_____ important thing is that I am not working anymore.” His wife held _____ gold watch to her ear and said, “Neither is your watch.”
Benita enjoys wearing _____ jewelry.
They told me that they had _____ respect for their employer.
This is _____ first time that the child has seen _____ elephant.
For many people, _____ childhood was a happy time.
It takes _____ courage to begin a new life in _____ strange country.
She is wearing _____ beautiful dress her mother bought her.
I had _____ trouble with _____ car this morning.
At home, Miles Davis will play _____ piano every night.
(
3
)_____ Olympic Games for 2008 were held in China.
Children should be taught to behave themselves at _____ table.
If you’re in a hurry, take _____ taxi.
He was sent to _____ prison for stealing.
My watch gains twelve seconds _____ day. (我的手表每天快12秒。)
The Ching Dynasty in China (清王朝) was overthrown in _____ autumn of 1911.
_____ sick have been cured, _____ lost have been found, and _____ dead have been revived.
What on _____ earth are you doing
He kicked me in _____ belly (肚子).
plete the following sentences, writing all the figures in words.
Could you send me ____________ (1, 830本) copies of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (1995)
Alice counted the trees as she walked, and she stopped at ____________ (第100棵那里).
In that city, ___________ (七分之一的在职妇女) have received higher education and it’ll take them ___________ (一刻钟时间) to have each class.
Could you give me ____________ (三打鸡蛋) and ___________ (两公斤面粉).
It is said that ____________ (一条八英寸的鱼) was caught in the lake.
____________ (20世纪60年代), most Chinese, regardless of sex, wore dark jackets and trousers.
She looks ____________ (50刚出头); but in fact she’s already ___________ (61岁了).
____________ (一千多本的小册子) have been given out.
____________ (在过去的几年里), ____________ (成百上千的) new businesses have sprung up.
III. Choose an acceptable verb form (a or b) from the two given in brackets.
Their earnings (, ) to 500 dollars a week.
The New York Times (is, are) published daily.
The United Nations (was, were) formed in San Francisco in 1945.
The government (is, are) doing its best to boost production.
The football team (is, are) having baths and (is, are) then coming back here for tea.
The poultry (is, are) kept in the backyard.
Pancake and syrup (is, are) a tasty breakfast.
Milking the cows, in addition to several other chores, (was, were) his responsibility.
Each men and each women there (is, are) asked to help.
The tenth and the last chapter (was, were) translated by Bob.
The number and diversity of British newspaper (is, are) considerate.
An older man or a mature woman (is, are) needed for this job.
The Stars and Stripes (is, are) their national emblem.
Either Trina or Maria (is, are) sure to know the answer.
Every change of season, every change of weather, indeed, every hour of the day, (produces, produce) some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains.
Many a boy (was, were) disappointed after seeing the film.
Two more dollars (is, are) missing from the till (收银机抽屉) this morning.
A number of pages (is, are) highly priced.
The number of pages assigned for daily reading (was, were) gradually increased to twelve.
A total of 50, 000 new bicycles (was, were) registered in the year.
The actual total of the unemployed (is, are) believed to exceed 10, 000.
Two-thirds of the people present (is, are) against the plan.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth (is, are) sea.
These last three years (has, have) been full of surprise.
The majority of the damage (is, are) easy to repair.
(
4
)The majority of criminals (is, are) young men.
All of the fruit (looks, look) ripe.
All (is, are) eager to leave now.
Few of my family (understands, understand) me.
These type of cars (is, are) inexpensive.
The young (is, are) not always romantic.
The beautiful (is, are) not always the same as the good.
Why he entered the house and how he managed to get out of it without being noticed by people (remains, remain) a mystery to us all.
Watering the flowers and looking after the children (is, are) all I have to do every day.
She’s the only one of these women who (plays, play) bridge well.
It’s I who (am, is) to leave at once.
It’s me who (am, is) responsible for the organization.
IV. Choose the best answer.
Tim failed to remember the exact date of the storm, but he knew it was _____ Sunday because everybody was at _____ church.
A. /…the B. a…/ C. /…a D. the…/
The idea of traveling through _____ space to other planets interests many people today.
A. a B. the C. / D. one
Alexander Graham Bell invented _____ telephone in 1876.
A. / B. a C. one D. the
_____ called just now, but he didn’t mention his full name.
A. Mr. Green B. The Mr. Green C. A Mr. Green D. That Mr. Green
I spent my last weekend with _____.
A. Palmer’s B. the Palmers’ C. the Palmers D. the Palmer’s
One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _____ good knowledge of basic word formation.
A. / B. the C. a D. one
The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have _____ third one because _____ second one is rather too small.
A. a…a B. the…the C. a…the D. the…a
A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _____ leg.
A. a B. one C. the D. his
His daughter is always shy in _____ and she never dares to make a speech to _____.
A. the public…the public B. public…the public
C. the public…public D. public…public
Paper money was in _____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _____ 13th century.
A. the…/ B. the…the C. /…the D. /…/
_____ policeman as he is, he has no right to do such things.
A. / B. The C. A D. One
I know you don’t like _____ music very much. But what do you think of _____ music in this film
A. /…/ B. the…the C. the…/ D. /…the
The train is running 50 miles _____.
A. an hour B. one hour C. the hour D. a hour
What on _____ earth are you talking about
A. an B. the C. / D. a
Their victory is _____, for they’ve lost too many men.
(
5
) A. out of question B. out of the question C. out question D. of question
Most animals have little connection with _____ animals of _____ different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the…a B. /…a C. the…the D. /…the
As a rule, they are paid _____.
A. by an hour B. by the hour C. by hour D. by hours
We went right round to the west coast by _____ sea instead of driving across _____ continent.
A. the…the B. /…the C. the…/ D. /…/
They received _____ of letters about their magazine.
A. dozen B. dozen and dozen C. score D. dozens
_____ of the buildings were ruined.
A. Three fourth B. Three-forth C. Three-fourths D. Three-forths
The Olympic Games _____ held _____.
A. is…each four years B. are…each four year C. is…every four year D. are…every four years
Mother asked me to buy several _____ eggs for breakfast.
A. dozen B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozens of
Large quantities of water _____ for irrigation.
A. is needed B. has needed C. are needed D. need
The book is wonderful, especially _____.
A. a Third Part B. Part Third C. Part Three D. the Part Three
Russia is _____ in size.
A. second to none B. first C. second to no D. the first
He will be back in _____.
A. three and a half a month B. three months and half
C. three and a half months D. three and half a month
It’s about _____ ride by car.
A. a eighteen hour’s B. a eighteen-hour C. an eighteen-hour D. an eighteen-hours’
When I look back on my past few years, I found quite _____ of mistakes.
A. number B. the number C. a number D. numbers
Personally, I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, ____ to blame.
A. is B. that is C. are D. who are
How close parents are to their children ____ a strong influence on the character of the children.
A. have B. has C. having D. to have
The sign on the door reads: “In case of _____ fire, break the glass and push _____ red button.”
A. /…a B. /…the C. the…the D. a…a
There is _____ “i” (I) in “happiness”, but no “y” (why) in it.
A. a B. / C. an D. the
主谓一致专题训练1
English, as well as Chinese, _____ not easy to master.
A. is B. are C. being D. both are
His family _____ rather big, with twelve people in all.
(
6
) A. is B. are C. being D. was
Either you or the headmaster _____ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.
A. is handing out B. is to hand out C. are handing out D. are to hand out
E-mail, as well as telephones, _____ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
Books of this kind _____ well.
A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold
Not only I but also Jane and Mary _____ tired of having one examination after another.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
A library with five thousand books _____ to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered
The number of people invited _____ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for different reasons.
A. were…was B. was…was C. was…were D. were…were
The audience _____ so large that no seat was left occupied in the great hall.
A. is B. are C. was D. has
Five multiplied by two _____ ten.
A. is equal B. equals C. are equal to D. equal to
The pair of shoes _____ worn out.
A. was B. were C. have been D. had been
All but one _____ here just now.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
No one except Jack and Tom _____ the answer.
A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. are knowing
Each of the students, working hard in his or her lessons, _____ to go to university.
A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. are hoping
My father, together with some of his old friends, _____ there already.
A. will be B. had been C. has been D. have been
Peter, perhaps John, _____ playing with the little dog.
A. seems B. were C. are D. is
Everyone, men and women, old and young, _____ sports and games.
A. are enjoying B. were enjoying C. enjoys D. enjoy
Both rice and wheat _____ grown in that country.
A. is B. are C. was D. has
From the valley _____ a frightening sound.
A. comes B. come C. are coming D. have come
Next to it _____ many restaurants where we can have dinner.
A. is B. are C. has D. was
I don’t think three days _____ to the cinema.
A. is B. are C. being D. to be
All but him and me _____ to the cinema.
A. are going B. is going C. was going D. are gone
The rest of the novel _____ very interesting.
A. were B. are C. is D. have been
Some person _____ calling for you at the gate.
A. will be B. is being C. is D. are
Most of the mistakes _____ because of carelessness.
(
7
) A. were making B. has been made C. are made D. was making
The number of fox, mountain lions and wild roses _____ much if people leave things as they are.
A. doesn’t change B. don’t change C. change D. changed
Plenty of sugar _____ already _____ to the overseas market since 1987.
A. have…shipped B. have…been shipped C. has…been shipped D. has…shipped
Deer _____ faster than dogs.
A. will run B. are running C. runs D. run
There _____ in his sitting room.
A. are too many furnitures B. are too much furnitures
C. are too much furniture D. is too much furniture
The office staff _____ gathered to hear the president speak.
A. is B. be C. are D. will
_____ are a hard-working race.
A. A Chinese B. Chinese C. The Chineses D. The Chinese
The police _____ a prisoner.
A. is searching for B. are searching for C. is searching D. was searching
About 30% of the population of the country _____ on farms.
A. live B. stays C. lives D. is living
I think 100 dollars _____ enough for the coming rally.
A. will have B. is C. are D. would be
The Arabian Nights _____ well known to English lovers.
A. is being B. are C. were D. is
Slow and steady _____ the race.
A. win B. wins C. beat D. beats
Tom’s teacher and friend _____ Mr. Smith.
A. has B. are being C. is D. are
The following _____ some other examples.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
A car and horse _____ in the distance.
A. was seen B. were seen C. see D. sees
The new _____ sure to replace the old.
A. is B. will C. are D. were
The wounded _____ good care of here now.
A. is taken B. are being taken C. are taking D. is being taken
Two gallons of gas _____ all I can afford.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
The factory, including its equipment, _____ burnt last night.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
His family _____ music lovers.
A. all are B. are all C. is D. are being
No man and no animal _____ in that island.
(
8
) A. is to be found B. are to find C. is to find D. are to be found
No teacher and no student _____ admitted into this building.
A. are B. were C. is D. are being
Ten minutes _____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A. seems B. seem C. seemed D. has seemed
Neither he nor I _____ for the plan.
A. were B. is C. are D. am
Between two buildings _____ a monument.
A. standing B. are standing C. stands D. stand
The students in our school each _____ an English dictionary.
A. are having B. has had C. has D. have
真题链接
1. First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _____ second chance to make _____ first impression.
A. a…the B. the…the C. a…a D. the…a
2. Everything comes with _____ price; there is no such _____ thing as a free lunch in the world.
A. a…a B. the…/ C. the…a D. a…/
3. It’s _____ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _____ pleasure.
A. /…a B. a…/ C. the…a D. a…the
4. Listening to loud music at rock concerts _____ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
5. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _____ people from all walks of life are working hard for _____ new Jiangsu.
A. /…a B. /…the C. the…a D. the…the
6. – Is everyone here
– Not yet… Look, there _____ the rest of our guests!
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
7. There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _____ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _____ earth.
A. the…the B. /…the C. the…/ D. a…the
8. If we sit near _____ front of the bus, we’ll have _____ better view.
A. /…the B. /…a C. the…a D. the…the
9. It is reported that many a new house _____ at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built
10. In _____ most countries, a university degree can give you _____ flying start in life.
A. the…a B. the…/ C. /…/ D. /…a
11. Such poets as Shakespeare _____ widely read, of whose works, however, some _____ difficult to understand.
A. are…are B. is…is C. are…is D. is…are
12. Many lifestyle patterns do such _____ great harm to health that they actually speed up _____ weakening of the human body.
(
11
) A. a…/ B. /…the C. a…the D. /…/
13. It is generally accepted that _____ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _____ man.
A. a…a B. a…the C. the…the D. a…/
14. As he reached _____ front door, Jack saw _____ strange sight.
A. the…/ B. a…the C. /…a D. the…a
15. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
16. In communication, a smile is usually _____ strong sign of a friendly and _____ open attitude.
A. the…/ B. a…an C. a…/ D. the…an
17. One-third of the country _____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _____ black people.
A. is…are B. is…is C. are…are D. are…is
18. – It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60, 000 _____ year.
– Right, he will also get paid by _____ week.
A. the…the B. a…the C. the…a D. a…a
19. Take your time — it’s just _____ short distance from here to _____ restaurant.
A. /…the B. a…the C. the…a D. /…a
20. As is known to all, _____ People’s Republic of China is _____ biggest developing country in the world.
A. the…/ B. /…the C. the…the D. /…/
21. Dr. Peter Spence, _____ headmaster of the school, told us, “_____ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
A. /…A B. /…The C. the…The D. a…A
22. Experts think that _____ recently discovered painting may be _____ Picasso.
A. the…/ B. a…the C. a…/ D. the…a
参考答案：
冠词与数词 主谓一致
考前巩固
I. 1. A a a The The a / the the The the the the the the the a
2. / 3. / 4. the, an 5. /
6. /, a 7. the 8. /, the 9. the
10. The 11. / 12. a 13. /
14. a 15. the 16. The, the, the 17. /
18. the
II. 1. one thousand eight hundred and thirty 2. the one hundredth
3. one seventh of the working women 4. three dozen eggs, two kilograms of flour
5. a fish five feet long 6. In the sixties of the twentieth century
7. in her early fifties, sixty-one 8. Over one thousand copies of booklets
9. In the past few years, hundreds of thousands of
III. 1~10 baaa(bb) baaab 11~20 aaaaa abbab 21~30 ababa babbb 31~37 babba ab
IV. 1~10 BCDCC CCCBC 11~20 ADACB BBBDC
21~32 DACCA CCCBB BC
主谓一致训练
1~10 AABAA BACCB 11~20 ADBBC DCBAB 21~30 AACCC ACDDC
31~40 DBABD BCAAA 41~50 BADBA CADCD
真题链接 1~10 CDBCA ABCDD 11~20 ABADD CABBC 21~22 AD