【每周一讲，个个击破】2015《三维设计》高考英语（江苏专用）大一轮语法专题：第三周 代词（语法要点精析+高频考点领悟+专题过关检测）

第三周　代词
一、几组常见代词的辨析
1．all, both, any, either, neither, none
①I have two hats but neither fits me properly.
我有两顶帽子，但都不适合我。
②As the two dictiona ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ries are useful, I'll take both and either of them is very important to me.(2014·河北高三检测)
由于这两本词典都有用，我会把它们都带走，每一本对我来说都非常重要。
③All of the boys are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )clever, but none of them can work out this problem.
这些男孩都很聪明，但他们当中没有一个能解出这道题。
都 任何 都不
两者 both either neither
三者或三者以上 all any none
2.it, that, one, those
①Studying Wendy's men ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald's.(2012·浙江高考)
研究一下温迪的菜单，我发现其中的很多条目和麦当劳(的菜单)相似。
②We've been l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ooking for a cheap house but haven't found one yet.(2014·青岛一模)
我一直在找一个便宜的房子但是还没有找到。
③The scenery in the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) southern mountains is quite different from that of the city in the north.(2014·四川省宜宾调研)
南部山区的风景与北部城市的风景迥异。
④I like this hous ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy it.
我喜欢这座前面有花园的房子，但是我没有足够的钱来买它。
it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物
that 可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones
one 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones
those the＋名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)
3．another, the other, other, others, the others
①I'll spend half ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing.(2010·全国卷Ⅰ)
我准备把我假日时间的一半用来练习英语，另一半时间学习绘画。
②The microblog has bec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome another classroom for me, and the teachers are all big names in academia.(2014·齐鲁名校联合测试)
微博已成为我的第二课堂，这里的老师们都是学术界的大师级人物。
③You are a te ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )am star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.(2014·济宁检测)
你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。
④Neither sid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)
除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾，否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。
other 不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义
the other the other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”
another 可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”
others 单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现
the others 意为“剩余的一些”
4.none, nothing, no one/nobody
①—How much bread is there
—None. I wish you could offer me some.(2014·长春第一次调研)
——还有多少面包？
——一点没有了。我希望你能给我一些。
②—What have you been doing today
—Oh, nothing special, just hanging around.(2014·河南豫北三校高三下学期联合考试)
——今天，你都干什么了？
——哦，没有什么特别的，只是闲逛。
③I don't like work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and nobody does, I think but I like what is in the work — the chance to find myself.
我不喜欢工作，我想没有人会。但是我喜欢在工作中找到发现自我的机会。
none 既指人也指物，后面可接of短语，一般用来回答how many, how much和which的提问
nothing 只指事物，后面不能接of短语，用来回答what的提问
no one/nobody 只指人不指物，其后不接of短语，一般回答who的提问
5.复合不定代词something/anything/everything/nothing的区别
①Nothing in my li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fe impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.(2010·天津高考)
我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次去参观故宫。
②When you introduce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me to Mr Johnson, could you please say something for me？(2010·福建高考)
当你向约翰逊先生介绍我时，请为我说句好话，行吗？
③—What do you think of the lecture
—Anything but inte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )resting but I've managed to survive it.(2014·厦门三校高三联考)
——你认为讲座怎么样？
——一点意思都没有，但是我还是坚持着听完了。
something意为“某……”，anything意为“任何”，everything意为“每个，所有”；nothing意为“没有”。
[点津]　注意something的特殊含义：大致，……左右；有价值或重要的人或事物；anything but“根本不”。
二、it的用法
①—A lovely day, isn't it
—Yes.I love it when ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the weather is like this.Why not go out for a walk？(2014·皖北协作区高三联考)
——天气不错，不是吗？
——是的，我非常喜欢这样的天气。出去走走怎么样？
②—What an inter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esting story！It's the most impressive story I've ever read.
—But I'm sure it won't interest everybody.
——多么有趣的故事！它是我曾经读过的印象最深刻的故事。
——但是我确信它不会使每个人都感兴趣。
③He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
他没有把何时何地召开会议搞清楚。
④When it comes to s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aving energy, big changes start with small steps, like turning off the lights.
当提到节能的时候，大变化从细微的行动开始，比如随手关灯。
⑤Sarah made it to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)
今天早晨萨拉及时到达机场，赶上了飞机。
　it的主要用法
1．指代时间、距离、自然现象等。
2．指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、群体、想法，性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物，也可指代未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。
3．it作形式主语或形式宾语代指不定式、动词 ing形式、名词性从句。
4．表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )面的动词后面接it，构成固定结构，这类动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike, appreciate等。
5．it的高频搭配
When it comes to ...当涉及……
make it成功；确定时间为……(后接时间类名词)
as it is事实上；照原样
get it明白了
考点一 all, both, any, either, neither, none的辨析
1．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s an either or situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ________.
A．others　　　　　　　　 B．either
C．another D．both
解析：选D　句意：这是一种二选一的情况 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定，应用not ... both，故选D。
2．(2013·山东高考)I've li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ved in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much.
A．either B．any
C．each D．another
解析：选A　句意：我在纽约和芝加哥住过，但是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。题干中提到“芝加哥”和“纽约”两个城市，根据转折词but可知，后面的意思应为“两个都不喜欢”，所以选A。
3．(2013·陕西高考)Altho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ugh Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost ________ of her enthusiasm for life.
A．some B．neither
C．none D．all
解析：选C　句意：虽然罗斯玛丽多年身患 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )重病，但是她一点也没有失去对生活的热情。根据句意可知，此处表示“一点儿也不，一点儿也没有”，所以应用none。
考点二 another, the other, (the) others, the rest的辨析
4．(2013·重庆高考)Recycli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.
A．another B．the other
C．one another D．one
解析：选A　句意：回收是保护环境的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一个”；the other表示“(两者中的)另一个”；one another“相互”；one“一”。
考点三 it, one, ones, the one(s), that和those的辨析
5．(2013·四川高考)The t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.
A．one B．this
C．that D．it
解析：选C　句意：大街上的绿灯比小街上 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的绿灯亮得时间更长。that在此处替代前面提到的traffic，以避免重复。one泛指可数名词单数；this通常指代下文要提到的事情；it指代上文出现的同一事物。
6．(2013·天津高考)A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine.
A．them B．these
C．those D．ones
解析：选C　句意：我们工厂 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。空格处应用those表特指，替代前面出现的复数可数名词machines。注意题干中machines后有限制语described in this magazine，故不能用表泛指的ones，若选ones，则应在其前加上the。
7．(2013·辽宁高考)To her j ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ________ of her colleagues.
A．that B．one
C．ones D．those
解析：选A　句意：使黛拉高兴的是，她首先赢得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了她的学生的信任，然后又获得了同事的信任。空后面的of her colleagues与前面的of her students是同样的结构，因此此空应该选择that来替代the trust，以避免重复。
8．(2013·浙江高考)Half of _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
A．these B．some
C．ones D．those
解析：选D　句意：来自16个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )国家的受访人当中有一半人说，在他们有最强烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候，他们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。所以这里用those来指代前面提到的那些被调查的人。
考点四 复合不定代词的辨析
9．(2013·江西高考)___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
A．Anybody B．Everybody
C．Nobody D．Somebody
解析：选C　句意：没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好，除非他热爱它。根据句意可知，空处应用Nobody。
10．(2013·安徽高考)This pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oject requires close teamwork. ________ will be achieved unless we work well together.
A．Nothing B．Anything
C．Something D．Everything
解析：选A　句意：这个项目需要密切的合作，除非我们通力合作，否则一事无成。根据句意可知此处应用表示否定意义的词语，故选A。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·江苏南通模拟)—Haven't seen you for ages. ________ all right
—Quite good.I've al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ready finished my study in Australia, and will go back and work in a big company.
A．Something　　　　　　　　 B．Everything
C．Anything D．Nothing
解析：选B　everything“一切，所有事情”，常用于疑问句中表示委婉语气，期望对方给予肯定答复。B项符合语境。
2．(2014·泰州质检)Neit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her side was willing to give in to ________ until we smoothed things over between them.
A．others B．the other
C．another D．one other
解析：选B　句意：直到我们消除了 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他们之间的矛盾，他们双方才让步。others没有范围限制，泛指别人；another指不定数目中的另一个；the other指两者中的另一个。根据neither(两者都不)可知应选the other(两者中的另一个或双方中的另一方)。
3．(2014·辽宁六校联考)We a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re in great want of a more capable monitor, ________ with straightforward personality as well as good humor.
A．who B．the one
C．one D．which
解析：选C　由空后是一个介词短语可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )判断该空引导的不是定语从句，由此排除A、D两项；同时可判断该空需用一代词作monitor的同位语，因此选one指代a monitor。句意：我们非常需要一个更有能力的班长，他既要坦诚又要有幽默感。
4．(2014·镇江第一中学模拟)W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hen ________ comes to an interview day, we've got many things in mind, such as being on time and giving proper answers.
A．that B．this
C．it D．one
解析：选C　when it comes to sth.“当涉及某事时”，固定结构，此处to是介词，后接名词或者动名词，故C项正确。
5．(2014·南充一模)You lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ok very beautiful in this dress and there is only one of this kind left here.I wonder if you would buy ________.
A．one B．it
C．some D．any
解析：选B　根据“the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re is only one of this kind left here”可知，此处表示前面提到的那一条裙子，所以选B。
6．(2014·河南郑州高中毕业年 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )级质量预测)Helen has been looking for a job over the whole year, feeling she can't get ________ without work experience.
A．one B．it
C．that D．this
解析：选A　句意：海伦整 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )年都在找工作，她感到没有工作经验不可能找到一份工作。one指代前面提到过的同类事物中的一个，此处替代表泛指的a job。
7．—Which cup do you like, Tommy
—________.I think they're both ugly.
A．Nothing B．None
C．Either D．Neither
解析：选D　根据答语中的“they're both ugly”可知，Tommy对两个杯子都不喜欢，所以选Neither。
8．(2014·北京东城区高三教学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )统一检测)I asked for some more cakes, but there was ________ left.
A．no one B．none
C．a little D．a few
解析：选B　根据句中的but可知 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )应选表示否定意义的代词，排除C、D两项；另外，no one只能代指人，表示“没有人”，显然不符合题意。故选B项，none表示“全无，没有一点儿”。
9．(2014·陕西重点中学高三联 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考)The cultural background of China is totally different from ________ of the US.
A．one B．that
C．these D．those
解析：选B　句意：中国的文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )化背景与美国的完全不同。that指代前文提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词，故此处用that指代the cultural background。
10．—How can I get to the wooden tower
—There are two paths here and, I hear, ________ of them leads to it.
A．both B．none
C．all D．either
解析：选D　考查代词。根据前面 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的two paths，可排除B项和C项，因为all指三者或三者以上范围内“全部”，none指三者或三者以上“没有一个”；由谓语动词leads可排除A项。either“(两者中的)任何一个”，符合语境。
Ⅱ.选用none, everybody, anything, one, it, that填空
1．I had thought there ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )would be many students in the hall, but when I went in, I found none.
2．—Can I ask you a few straightforward questions about yourself
—Sure.I like it when people are open and direct.
3．It is a new kind ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of robot invented by Chinese, one that can feel pain when being used in a dental training course.
4．—What an a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mazing film！It's the most interesting film I've ever seen.
—But I'm sure it won't interest everybody.