【每周一讲，个个击破】2015《三维设计》高考英语（江苏专用）大一轮语法专题：第八周 非谓语动词（语法要点精析+高频考点领悟+专题过关检测）

第八周　非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词作状语
1．动词不定式作状语
①I stopped the car t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o take a short break as I was feeling tired.(2013·山东高考)
由于感到累了，我就停下车稍微休息了一下。
②George returned afte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.(2012·山东高考)
乔治战后归来，却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。
③You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.
你永远不会知道昨天看到她时，我是多么高兴。
④This machine is very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(2012·辽宁高考)
这台机器很容易操作。在几分钟内任何人都能学会使用。
(1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语。注意其他非谓语动词形式不能用作目的状语。
(2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。
(3)形容词或过去分词作表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。常见词有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right等。
(4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。
2．分词作状语
①One evening Harr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.(2014·济南模拟)
一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他家。
②Having arrived e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arly for his date, Mark spent time reading the newspaper.(2014·济宁一模)
因为约会到的早了些，马克读报纸来打发时间。
③Having been asked to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.(2012·重庆高考)
我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。
④Seen from the top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
⑤Seeing from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.
从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。
(1)作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
(2)如句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，就用现在分词形式(doing)。
(3)若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用现在分词的完成形式(having doing)。
(4)若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词动作发生，用现在分词完成时的被动形式(having been done)。
(5)如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则要用过去分词(done)。
3．独立成分作状语
Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.
从口音判断，他是香港人。
Considering your health, you'd better have a rest.
考虑到你的健康，你最好休息一下。
有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
generally speaking　　　　　　 一般来说
frankly speaking 坦白地说
judging from/by ... 根据……来判断
considering .../taking ... into consideration
考虑到……
to tell you the truth 说实话
seeing ... 鉴于/由于……
supposing 假设，如果
assuming 假使
given 考虑到，鉴于
provided (that ...) 如果
二、非谓语动词作宾语
①She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
当我经过时，她假装没看见我。
②He got well ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing the good opportunity.
他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。
③I had great diffic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(2010·上海高考)
在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。
④I still remember b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eing taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。
⑤I remembered to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.(2012·安徽高考)
在离开办公室前我记着去锁门，但是忘记了关灯。
1．下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine, le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help。
此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。
2．下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
consider, suggest/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy (想象，设想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape。
3．be used/accustome ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank ... for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。
4．下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：
forget
regret
try
go on
remember
mean
三、非谓语动词作宾补
①I looked up an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.(2012·四川高考)
我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。
②I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.
发现我的家乡变化如此之大我感到很惊奇。
③Let those in need ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )understand that we will go all out to help them.(2013·陕西高考)
让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。
④Claire had her lugga ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ge checked an hour before her plane left.(2011·陕西高考)
克莱儿在飞机起飞一小时前对行李进行了安检。
⑤He had the li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ght burning all night, which made his parents very angry.
他让灯着了整晚，这使他父母很生气。
⑥Alexander tried to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) get his work recognized in the medical circles.(2010·辽宁高考)
亚历山大试图使他的工作被医学界认可。
1．感官动词(词组)see, watc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语有四种形式，以see为例：
2．使役动词make, let, have, get后加复合宾语的情况：
(1)make＋宾语＋
(2)let＋宾语＋
(3)have＋
宾语＋
[点津]　①have sth. to do有事情要做
②have sb. doing若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍”之意。
(4)get＋
宾语＋
四、非谓语动词作定语
①Laura was away in P ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting for her.(2013·辽宁高考)
劳拉去巴黎待了一周多的时间。当她返回家的时候，有一大堆邮件等着她(处理)。
②Tsinghua University, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(2011·福建高考)
建于1911年的清华大学是无数杰出人物的摇篮。
③His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.
他下月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。
1．现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。
2．过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动和完成。
[点津]　表示心理状态的动词 ing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )形式，意为“令人……的”；动词 ed形式，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look, expression, tears, smile, voice等名词。
3．不定式作定语表示未做的事情。
五、非谓语动词作主语和表语
①Hearing how others ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.(2013·浙江高考)
聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。
②It is no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)
③To see is to believe/Seeing is believing.
眼见为实。
④His ambition is to go to Harvard University.
他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。
⑤The queen's work is laying eggs.
蚁后的工作就是产卵。
1．不定式、动名词都可作主语，但动名词作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为；不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。
2．下列句型中常用动名词作主语：
It is/was＋＋doing sth.
3．不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。
4．动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。
六、with复合结构
①John received an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
②With a lot of dif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time.
因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。
③With the little bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village.
有小男孩带路，我们找到这个村庄没费劲。
　with复合结构常用形式：
with
七、独立主格
①Such an able ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )man to help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
有这么能干的人来帮你，你迟早会成功的。
②The guide le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.
向导领着路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。
③Jim was listening at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.
吉姆专心致志地听着讲座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。
④He came out of the library, (with)a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。
　独立主格结构的构成形式：
名词或代词＋
[点津]　独立主格结构从语法上来讲不是句子，在句中通常作状语。具有以下特点：
1．独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，不指同一个人或同一事物；
2．独立主格结构一般置于句首，有时也置于句中或句末。
考点一 非谓语动词作状语
1．(2013·四川高考)________ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.
A．Not knowing　　　　　　　 B．Knowing not
C．Not known D．Known not
解析：选A　句意：由于不知道上哪所大学，那个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )女孩向她的老师征求意见。分析句子成分可知，the girl与know之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词作原因状语，且分词的否定式是在分词前加not。
2．(2013·湖南高考)_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
A．Staying B．Stayed
C．To stay D．Stay
解析：选C　句意：为了晚上保暖， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我往火炉中添了木柴，又设置了午夜的闹钟以便再次添加。此处“保暖”是“添加木柴”的目的，所以用动词不定式作目的状语。
3．(2013·安徽高考)________ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
A．To found B．Founding
C．Founded D．Having founded
解析：选C　句意：这所学校创建于20世 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )纪初期，它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。found与the school之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。故选C。
考点二 非谓语动词作定语
4．(2013·北京高考)Volu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nteering gives you a chance ________ lives, including your own.
A．change B．changing
C．changed D．to change
解析：选D　句意：志愿者活动给了 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )你一个改变人生的机会，包括你自己的。a chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”。英语中有些名词，如chance, ability, way等，常用不定式作定语。
5．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y might just have a place ________ on the writing course — why don't you give it a try
A．leave B．left
C．leaving D．to leave
解析：选B　句意：他们可能只剩下一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个写作课的名额了。你为什么不试试呢？leave与其逻辑主语a place之间为动宾关系，因此此处要用leave的过去分词left作后置定语。
6．(2013·山东高考)The r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oom is empty except for a bookshelf ________ in one corner.
A．standing B．to stand
C．stands D．stood
解析：选A　句意：除了一个书橱在墙角外 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，房间里空空荡荡。except for是介词短语，其后不能接句子，所以排除C、D两项。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语，且a bookshelf与动词stand之间为逻辑上的主动关系，所以选A。
考点三 非谓语动词作宾语
7．(2013·江苏高考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins, the city took on a new look.
A．reducing B．reduced
C．being reduced D．having reduced
解析：选C　分析句子结构可知，空格 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )处与suffering from是and连接的两个并列成分，在形式上应保持一致，又因reduce与the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此选being reduced。
考点四 非谓语动词作主语、表语
8．(2013·福建高考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))________basic first aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A．Known B．Having known
C．Knowing D．Being known
解析：选C　句意：了解基本的急救技 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )巧能够帮助你快速应对紧急情况。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中充当主语，应用动词 ing形式。having known强调“完成”，不符合句意，可排除。故选C。
9．(2013·重庆高考)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) engine just won't start.Something seems ________ wrong with it.
A．to go B．to have gone
C．going D．having gone
解析：选B　句意：发动机启动不了了 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，它好像出问题了。动词seem后常接动词不定式，因此C、D两项不正确。由句意可知，go这一动作在start之前发生，故选B。
考点五 非谓语动词作宾补
10．(2013·北京高考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))When we saw the road ________ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
A．block B．to block
C．blocking D．blocked
解析：选D　句意：当我们看到道 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。分析句子结构可知，此处是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。宾语补足语是do形式时，表示“看见宾语做某事的全过程”；宾语补足语是doing形式时，表示“看见宾语正在做某事”；若宾语补足语与宾语是动宾关系时，则用过去分词done形式作宾语补足语。road与block之间是被动关系，故选D。
[解题技法指导]
第一步：利用“有无连词”原则确定是谓语还是非谓语
分析句子结构，判断出句子的主干——主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语，则要用谓语动词，如果题线处不作谓语，则要用非谓语动词。
[典例]　(2013·湖南高考)Every ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.
A．read B．reading
C．to read D．reads
[分析]　选A　分析句子结构可知，题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )干中有连词until，until引导时间状语从句，故“________ a proverb aloud several times”为主句，此处应为祈使句，故应用动词原形。本题应选A项。
第二步：根据句意和作用确定句子成分
根据句意和题线处在句子中的位置和作用，确定其所充当的句子成分，从而确定空格内所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。
[典例]　(2013·新 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )课标全国卷Ⅰ)The sunlight is white and blinding, ________ hard edged shadows on the ground.
A．throwing B．being thrown
C．to throw D．to be thrown
[分析]　根据句意和句子结构可知，题线处应作伴随状语，且the sunlight与throw之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。答案应为A项。
第三步：根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态
如果非谓语动词表示的动作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用v. ing形式或不定式的主动式；若为动宾关系则用v. ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。
[典例]　(2013·湖南高考)Yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u cannot accept an opinion ______ to you unless it is based on facts.
A．offering B．to offer
C．having offered D．offered
[分析]　offer与逻辑主语an opinion之间为被动关系，A、B、C三项都表示主动，D项为过去分词表示被动， 故选D项。
第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态
非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的动作之前用过去分词或v. ing形式/不定式的完成式；如果同时进行用v. ing形式或不定式的进行式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式的一般式。
[典例]　(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) got to the office earlier that day, ________ the 7：30 train from Paddington.
A．caught B．to have caught
C．to catch D．having caught
[分析]　由句意可知catch the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 7：30 train这一动作发生在谓语动词got to the office之前，故用现在分词的完成时。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·江苏姜堰中学检测)________ your watch five minutes ahead is an effective way to avoid being late.
A．Set　　　　　　　　　　　 B．Having set
C．Setting D．Being set
解析：选C　句意：把你的表调快 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )五分钟是避免迟到的一个有效方法。此处选setting为动名词作主语表示一般的情况，不强调时间的先后，因此C项正确。
2．(2014·湖南十二校二次联考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))With five minutes ________ before the last train left, we arrived at the station.
A．go B．to go
C．going D．gone
解析：选B　句意：最后一班火 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )车离开前五分钟，我们到达了车站。分析句子结构可知，“With five ... left”为独立主格结构，且根据句意可知，go这一动作即将发生，故用其不定式形式，选B。
3．(2014·陕西五校模拟)________ the opportunity to speak at the graduation ceremony made me overjoyed.
A．Being offered B．To offer
C．Having offered D．Offered
解析：选A　句意：在毕业典礼上发言的机会让 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我万分高兴。根据句意可知，made之前的部分在句中作主语，故应用动词的 ing形式，且offer与the opportunity之间为动宾关系，所以选A项。
4．(2014·苏南五校联考)The old ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) lady got up just before sunrise, as she often does, ________ along the beach and get some fresh air.
A．walked B．to walk
C．walking D．having walked
解析：选B　句意：那位老太太和往常一样在日出之前就起床了，沿着海岸散散步呼吸一下新鲜的空气。此处不定式表示目的。
5．(2014·南京师大附中月 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考)The new books ________ in the factory these days are mainly intended for children.
A．printing B．to print
C．being printed D．to be printed
解析：选C　句意：这些天工厂里一直在印的新书 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，主要是为孩子们设计的。分析句子结构可知，print与the new books是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式；又根据these days可知，此处表示这些天都在印这些新书。故C项正确。
6．(2014·湖南长沙一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中考试)________ from the top of the hill, the city takes the round shape with a flowing river through it.
A．Viewing B．To be viewed
C．Viewed D．To be viewing
解析：选C　view和句子的主语the city是动宾关系，所以需要用被动形式，因此将A和D排除。B项表将来或目的，不合逻辑，故选C。
7．(2012·重庆高考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )We're having a meeting in half an hour.The decision ________ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A．to be made B．being made
C．made D．having been made
解析：选A　根据前面的“We're ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )having a meeting in half an hour.”可知会议还没开始，The decision后面的定语应用动词不定式，表示将要发生的动作，排除B、C、D三项。故选A项。
8．(2014·合肥一检)________ her leg the last time, Brenda decided not to go on the school skiing trip this year.
A．Breaking B．Broken
C．To break D．Having broken
解析：选D　分析句子结构可知，此处 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为原因状语。break与其逻辑主语Brenda之间是主谓关系，又根据“the last time”可知，break的动作发生在decided之前，因此使用动词的 ing形式的完成式，故选择D。
9．(2014·南京模拟)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )flood last month in the east was a real disaster, ________19 people dead and 78 missing.
A．to leave B．left
C．leaving D．having left
解析：选C　句意：上个月在东 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )部的洪水真的是一场灾难。它导致19人死亡，78人失踪。leave的逻辑主语是the flood，二者之间构成主谓关系。故选C。
10．(2014·长沙市一中、湖 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )南师大附中等六校联考)________ the blind wandering through the traffic, motorists would have to step on their brakes at once.
A．Seeing B．Having seen
C．Seen D．To have seen
解析：选A　句意：看到盲人过马路时， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )汽车驾驶员不得不马上踩刹车。motorists与see之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，并且see与step的动作几乎同时发生，故用Seeing。
11．(2014·芜湖一中模拟)Un ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )der the environment of fierce competition, the only way John could imagine ________ stress was to get tougher by making greater efforts.
A．handling B．to handle
C．handled D．having handled
解析：选B　句意：在激烈竞争的环境 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )下，约翰唯一能想到的处理压力的方法就是通过更努力变得更坚强。由于此处是the only way，后面需要用to do结构。要注意John could imagine的干扰，它是定语从句，用来修饰the only way。
12．With her energy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ the research on AIDS, Mrs. Mason cannot spare much time with her family.
A．fixing on B．fixed on
C．to fix on D．having fixed on
解析：选B　with引导的复合结构 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在句中作状语，表伴随或原因。fix的主动用法为fix ... on ...，本句中fix与energy之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词形式表被动。
13．(2014·成都市 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )重点中学联考)She can't help ________ the house because she's busy making a cake in the kitchen.
A．to clean B．cleaning
C．cleaned D．being cleaning
解析：选A　句意：她不能帮 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )忙打扫房间，因为她正在厨房忙着做蛋糕。help (to) do sth.“帮忙做某事”，是固定短语，符合句意。注意：此处不是can't help doing sth.“禁不住做某事”这个固定词组。
14．Our country r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )emains ________ to opening its market wider to the outside world, but now it is in growing need of wider access to the markets of its trading partners.
A．committing B．committed
C．to commit D．commit
解析：选B　考查非谓语动词作表语。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本句中remain为系动词，be committed to doing sth. ...“致力于做某事”。
15．Zhang Ziyi won ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the Best Leading Actress for the 50th Golden Horse Film Awards in Taipei on Nov. 23, 2013, which made her fans________.
A．exciting B．to excite
C．excited D．excite
解析：选C　空格处的部分为宾语补足语，修饰her fans, her fans与excite之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
Ⅱ.语法与阅读
1．(2013·北京高考阅读D)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he findings, based on performances and self evaluations by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted (分心) and can't focus on one activity.
[分析]　句子的主语为the_find ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ings，其后的based on performances and self evaluations by about 275 college students 为过去分词短语作后置定语，句子主干为The findings indicate that many ... can't focus on one activity。
[译文]　根据大约275名大学生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的表现和自我评价得出的发现表明，很多人同时做几件事不是因为他们想要提高效率，而是因为他们很容易分心并且无法将注意力集中在一件事上。
2．(2013·重庆高考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )阅读E)Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson，arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive.
[分析]　句中arguing ...作伴随状语，that引导的从句作及物动词argue的宾语。
[译文]　然而，杰里米·帕克斯曼和布赖森持有相反的观点。他认为英国的天气在本质上是吸引人的。
3．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sked why they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to.
[分析]　asked ...为过 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )去分词短语作状语，they were speaking to为定语从句，修饰someone。本句主句为：the most common reason was to impress someone。
[译文]　当被问及他们为什么撒谎时，最常见的原因是为了给与之谈话的人留下深刻的印象