【每周一讲，个个击破】2015《三维设计》高考英语（江苏专用）大一轮语法专题：第十二周 定 语 从 句（语法要点精析+高频考点领悟+专题过关检测）

第十二周　定 语 从 句
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1．who, whom, whose引导的定语从句
①The person whom I can turn to for help when in trouble is Mr. Wang.
我困难时可以求助的人是王先生。
②Children who are no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.(2010·北京高考)
很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。
③I'd like a room whos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e window (＝the window of which) looks out over the sea.
我想要一间窗子朝海的房间。
(1)who和whom指人，who在定语从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。
(2)whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。
2．that, which引导定语从句
①He talked ab ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out the people and the place that he had visited in that country.
他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。
②All the people that come from the country work much harder.
所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。
③This is the best play that was written by Jack.
这是杰克写得最好的一个剧本。
④That evening, whic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)
那天晚上我工作到很晚，随后我会告诉你更多相关的情况。
(1)that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。指物时其用法和which大致相同，但也有区别。
(2)which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。
(3)下列情况只用that不用which：
①先行词是all, somethi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词；
②先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰；
③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；
④先行词被the only, the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；
⑤先行词中既有人也有物；
⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
①When I arrived, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)
当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。
②I shall never forget the days when/in which we worked on the farm.
我永远也不会忘记我们在农场工作的那些日子。
③The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
④Is this the reason (t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting
这就是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？
⑤They have re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ached the point where they have to separate with each other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
⑥Remember th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。
1．关系副词when, where, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用“介词＋which”结构替换。
2．当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词表时间、地点和原因仍用which/that。
3．当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如：point, situation, case, stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
①Trading leather ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.
皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。
②I wish to thank Pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fessor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.(2012·天津高考)
我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。
③John invited abou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.(2013·重庆高考)
约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
④Recently I bought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an ancient vase, the price of which(＝whose price) was very reasonable.
最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
1．若介词放在关系代词之前，关 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。
2．该结构中介词的选用
(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：
①先行词的意义；
②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；
③句子的意思。
(2)表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。常见结构：
①在some, any, few, l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ittle, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。
②the＋比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。
四、as, which引导定语从句
①The air quality in t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.(2012·福建高考)
正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。
②Mo Yan was aw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people's long held dreams come true.(2013·安徽高考)
莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。
③Last term our math ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.(定语从句)
＝Last term our math ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked it out.(结果状语从句)
上学期数学老师考试出题太难，没有一个人能解出来。
④I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.
＝I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.
我想用你昨天使用的那件工具。
1．as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。
2．as常用在下列习惯用语中：
as (it) often happen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s, as I remember, as is often the case, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。
3．which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。
4．“such/so ... that .. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).”表示“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so ... as ...”表“像……这样……”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。
5．“the same ... that ...”表同一人或物，而“the same ... as ...”表同种类的东西。
五、way和time后接定语从句的情况
①What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.
让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。
②The way he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。
③This is the secon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d time (that) the President has visited the country.
这是总统第二次访问这个国家了。
④This was at a time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.
这是一个没有收音机、没有电话，也没有电视的时期。
1．在定语从句中，the way在从句中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。
2．先行词是time，若time作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during＋which引导定语从句。
考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句
1．(2013·湖南高考)Happi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A．whom　　　　　　　　　　 B．who
C．what D．which
解析：选B　句意：幸福和成功往往降临到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )那些善于意识到自己优点的人的身上。先行词是those，关系词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who引导定语从句。
2．(2013·福建高考)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.
A．whose B．that
C．who D．which
解析：选A　句意：这本书是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以那些生活受到影响的人们的视角讲述地震中发生的故事的。定语从句中的先行词是those，且空处在句中作定语，故用关系代词whose引导。
3．(2013·江苏高考)The pres ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ident of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
A．where B．which
C．what D．when
解析：选B　分析句子结构可知，“________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood”为定语从句，先行词是passion，且空处在从句中作宾语，因此选which。
考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
4．(2013·浙江高考)The museu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ________ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A．what B．where
C．when D．why
解析：选B　该句中的先行词是a viewing platform，此处关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。
5．(2012·浙江高考)W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e live in an age ________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A．why B．when
C．to whom D．on which
解析：选B　分析句子结构可知此处考查定语从句，先行词是an age，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以应该用关系副词when。
考点三 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
6．(2013·重庆高考)Joh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members.
A．them B．that
C．which D．whom
解析：选D　句意：约翰邀请了大约四十个人参 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家庭成员。该定语从句的先行词指人，且“most of ________”在从句中充当主语，空处位于介词后，故用关系代词whom引导。
7．(2013·辽宁高考)He may ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) win the competition, ________ he is likely to get into the national team.
A．in which case B．in that case
C．in what case D．in whose case
解析：选A　which引导非限制性 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定语从句，并且作定语修饰case。如果选择B项，则句子缺少适当的连接词，应该改为and in that case。
考点四 as, which引导的定语从句
8．(2013·天津高考)We ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have launched another man made satellite, ________ is announced in today's newspaper.
A．that B．which
C．who D．what
解析：选B　句意：今天的报纸报道了我们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )发射了另外一颗人造卫星。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，在定语从句中作主语。
9．(2013·陕西高考)________ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
A．It B．That
C．What D．As
解析：选D　句意：对于孩子来说经常会 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有这样的情况发生，当医生到达时，Amy(比之前)好多了。根据句意并分析句子成分可知，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个句子，又因为在句首，所以要用as引导该定语从句，as在从句中作主语。
[解题技法指导]
技法一：定语从句的解题步骤
第一步：找出主句；
第二步：找出被修饰词即先行词；
第三步：找出定语从句；
第四步：将先行词代入定语从句；
第五步：判断关系词在定语从句中充当什么 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成分，如作主语、宾语、表语，需选择关系代词who, whom, that, which；如作定语，需选择whose, of which或of whom；如作状语，需选择关系副词when, why, where。
[典例]　By 16：3 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )0, ________ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.
A．which B．when
C．what D．that
[分析]　分析句子结构可知“___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____ was almost closing time”为定语从句，16：30为先行词。从后面的closing time(停止营业时间)可以得知此句是在谈时间，但是此句中缺少主语，前面又有一个逗号，所以可以确定这里是一个非限制性定语从句，用which而不用that引导；when不能作主语，故可排除B项；what不能引导定语从句。故选A项。
技法二：“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句解题方法
“介词＋关系代词”考查的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时考生必须注意解题思路。考生可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：
(1)把先行词放在从句中，根据句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。
(2)注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。
[典例]　(2012·湖南高考)C ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are of the soul is a gradual process ________ even the small details of life should be considered.
A．what B．in what
C．which D．in which
[分析]　句意：心灵的呵护是一个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。“________ even the small details of life should be considered”是定语从句部分，该部分主干完整；先行词是process，表抽象地点，由句意和与先行词的搭配知，“在……的过程中”应用介词in，所以选D，相当于where。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·江南十校联考)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk naturally and safely.
A．when B．where
C．which D．that
解析：选B　句意：治疗将一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )直持续到病人能自然而安全地行走。point与case, stage, degree等一样，其后可接where引导的定语从句。
2．(2014·宝鸡检测)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e British are not so familiar with other cultures and ways of doing things, ________ is often the case in other countries.
A．that B．who
C．as D．where
解析：选C　句意：英国人不太熟悉其他的文化以及做事方式，常常这一点在别的国家也是一样的。as引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容。
3．(2014·南京师大附中月考)Follo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wing the girl, we went into a hall, on ________ walls hung a few pictures of some famous scientists.
A．its B．which
C．whose D．those
解析：选C　分析句子成分可知，walls与先行词hall存在所属关系，因此关系词应该使用whose。
4．(2014·安徽望江二中模拟)H ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e talked about the books and people ________ interested them greatly in the school.
A．who B．which
C．how D．that
解析：选D　先行词为the books and people，在定语从句中作主语，既包含人又包含物，所以用关系代词that引导。故选D项。
5．(2014·连云港质 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )检)They stood on the top of the high building, ________ they could see the whole city.
A．from which B．on where
C．from where D．on it
解析：选C　根据句意可知 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，从那个高楼的顶部能看见整个城市，此处from where相当于from on the top of the high building。
6．(2014·杭州检测)Do yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u think the reason ________ you gave for your absence is valid
A．as B．what
C．that D．why
解析：选C　分析句子成分可知，the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reason后面为定语从句。先行词the reason是从句中谓语动词gave的宾语，所以此处用关系代词that引导。故选C。
7．(2014·宿迁高三模拟)Oct. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )1st, ________ is our National Day, is always celebrated with singing and dancing.
A．as B．that
C．when D．which
解析：选D　分析句子成分可知，空处引导 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定语从句。先行词为Oct.1st，从句中缺少主语，所以需要用关系代词，又由于前面有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，所以用关系代词which。
8．(2014·淮安模拟)—Do you have anything to say for yourselves
—Yes, there is one point ________ we must insist on.
A．why B．where
C．how D．that
解析：选D　分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句。此处先行词为one point，引导词在从句中作insist on的宾语，所以应用关系代词which或者that。答案为D项。
9．(2014·长沙市一中模考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Occasions are quite rare ________ the father has the time to spend a day with his kids.
A．when B．which
C．why D．that
解析：选A　句意：父亲和孩子们共度 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一天的机会很少。此句是一个分割式定语从句，先行词为occasions，相当于一个虚拟的时间，在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。
10．(2014·辽宁六校高 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )三上学期联考)The small mountain village ________ we spent our holiday last month lies in ________ is now part of Hubei.
A．which; where B．where; what
C．that; which D．when; which
解析：选B　句意：我们上个月度假的那个小山村 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )位于当今湖北的一部分。“where we spent our holiday last month”是定语从句，修饰先行词the small mountain village; “what is now part of Hubei”是宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。
11．On February 14th, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2013, the famous South African runner Oscar Pistorius killed his girlfriend with his gun, ________ shocked the world.
A．when B．who
C．that D．which
解析：选D　句意：2013年2月14日，著名 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的南非赛跑运动员Oscar Pistorius开枪杀死了自己的女朋友，这件事震惊了全世界。which指代整个主句的内容，在定语从句中作主语。
12．(2014·温州检测)N ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owadays some people tend to take pride in doing things ________ they should feel ashamed.
A．by which B．of which
C．in which D．from which
解析：选B　句意：现在有些人倾向于对做了一些 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本应该感到羞耻的事而感到自豪。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是things，在定语从句中作feel ashamed of的宾语，故选B项。
Ⅱ.语法与阅读
1．(2013·陕西高考阅 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )读D)Are you one of those people who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their country, never wanting to be a part of this society
[分析]　这是一个复合句。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their country是一个定语从句，修饰先行词those people，而never wanting to be a part of this society是现在分词作状语，表示伴随。本句主句为：are you one of those people。
[译文]　你是到这个国家来攒钱并把钱送回他们的国家，从来不想成为这个社会的一部分的那些人中的一员吗？
2．(2013·天津高考阅读A)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer.
[分析]　本句的主干是the_upper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_floor_is_a_quiet_zone；with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places ... computer作定语修饰a quiet zone；where you can sit and work with your own computer为定语从句，修饰先行词places。
[译文]　顶层是一个安静的区域，那里有一千多个供默读的位置，也有一些你可以坐在那里用自己的电脑学习的地方。