【每周一讲，个个击破】2015《三维设计》高考英语（江苏专用）大一轮语法专题：第十三周 名词性从句（语法要点精析+高频考点领悟+专题过关检测）

第十三周　名词性从句
一、各种名词性从句的定义
①What was most impor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tant to her, she told me, was her family.(主语从句；what作主语)
她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
②In recent years, the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re has been a heated argument about whether it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.(宾语从句)
近几年来，关于儿童是否应该从早年学英语有激烈的争论。
③When the news came t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.(同位语从句)
当战争的消息传来时，他决定参军。
④—I prefer sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )utting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That's where I don ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'t agree. You should have a more active life.(表语从句)
——在周日我喜欢把自己关在家里一整天听音乐。
——那就是我不赞同的地方，你应该拥有更积极的生活。
1．主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句叫主语从句。
2．宾语从句：在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句叫宾语从句，位于及物动词、介词或形容词后。
3．同位语从句：跟在一个抽象名词之后，对该名词的具体内容作进一步解释说明。
4．表语从句：在复合句中作表语的名词性从句叫表语从句，放在系动词之后。
二、that引导的名词性从句
1．that引导主语从句
①That you didn't ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )know the rules won't be an excuse for your failure.(2014·江西抚州适应性测试)
你不知道规则不能成为你失败的借口。
②It is obvious to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the students that they should get well prepared for their future.
显而易见学生应该对未来做好准备。
③It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.
已经定下来了，会议推迟到了下周一。
连词that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在从句中不担任任何句子成分，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。在宾语从句中有时可省略。
(1)that引导主语从句位于句首时，that无意义，但是不可省略。
(2)that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有：
①It＋be＋形容词(ob ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)＋that从句。
②It＋be＋名词词组( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)＋that从句。
③It＋be＋过去分词(said, r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)＋that从句。
2．that引导宾语从句
①Experts believe th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.(2013·北京高考)
专家认为可以通过只有必须时才购物这一方法减少食物的浪费。
②He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.
他是个好学生，就是有点粗心。
③He has made it clear that he will not give in.
他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。
(1)常见的可以接that从句作宾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。
(2)that从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in的宾语。
3．that引导表语从句和同位语从句
①My decision is that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) all of us are to start at 6 o'clock tomorrow morning.(表语从句)
我的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。
②I made a promise ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.(同位语从句)(2012·浙江高考)
我给自己做出承诺：今年，我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。
(1)that引导表语从句时，一般不省略。
(2)that引导同位语从句时，应在某 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )些抽象名词如fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等后，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，一般不省略。
三、whether/if(是否)引导名词性从句
①It doesn't mat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. (2012·山东高考)
在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。(主语从句，不可用if代替whether)
②I didn't know whether/if he would attend the concert.
我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。(宾语从句，可用if代替whether)
③The question is whether it is worth trying.
问题是值不值得试一试。(表语从句，不可用if代替whether)
④He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。(同位语从句，不可用if代替whether)
⑤It depends on whether you can do the work well.
那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。(宾语从句，不可用if代替whether)
whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但下列情况常用whether，不用if。
1．与or或or not连用时只能用whether
2．从句作介词宾语时只能用whether
3．在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。
四、who, why, how, where, when等引导的名词性从句
①It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.
我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。
②Scientists study how human brains work to make computers.(2012·四川高考)
科学家研究人类的大脑是如何运作的以制作电脑。
③Some students even ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have no idea of why they are studying, so they waste much time playing.(2014·福州质检)
有些学生甚至不知道他们为什么学习，所以他们浪费了很多时间来玩。
④It hasn't been made ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )clear when the new underground line is to be open to traffic.(2014·皖南八校联考)
新的地铁线路何时开放还不清楚。
⑤I'm afraid he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'s more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything.(2014·开封高中模考)
恐怕他是夸夸其谈而非埋头实干的人，这就是他一事无成的原因。
1．特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。
2．能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )很多，常见的有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。
3．以上疑问词可引导介词宾语从句。
4．特殊疑问词还可引导表语从句和同位语从句。
五、what, wh ever引导的名词性从句
①What struck me mos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t in the movie was the father's deep love for his son.(2013·重庆高考)
影片中最打动我的是父亲对他儿子深厚的爱。
②Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.(主语从句)
任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。
③There are various t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hings on sale, so you can choose whatever interests you.(宾语从句)
有各种各样的物品在出售，所以你可以选择你感兴趣的任何东西。
④Whatever/No matter what you say, I will not believe you.(让步状语从句)
无论你说什么，我都不相信。
1．what引导名词性从句时，what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
2．“疑问词＋ever”可引导名词性从句，在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever与whatever表泛指，意为“无论谁”，“无论什么”；whichever表示在特定范围内选择，意为“无论……的哪一个/哪一些”。
3．“疑问词＋ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。
4．“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
六、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
①The news that the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(此句为同位语从句，进一步解释“the news”的内容)
②The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句，它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)
1．同位语从句是对前面名词的内容作进一步的解释、说明，引导词that只起引导作用，在句中不作任何成分，一般不可省略。
2．定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制，引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。
考点一 主语从句
1．(2013·四川高考)________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A．When　　　　　　　　　　 B．How
C．What D．That
解析：选C　句意：你在会上所说的话描述了公司的光明前景。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故用what。
2．(2013·陕西高考)It rema ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ins to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
A．that B．which
C．what D．whether
解析：选D　句意：这个新形成的委员 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )会的政策能否实施还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的从句“________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”；再根据句意来判断，此处表示“是否”的意思。故选D。
考点二 宾语从句
3．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)Po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lice have found ________ appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A．which B．where
C．how D．what
解析：选D　句意：警察找到的东西似乎是那尊丢失的古代雕像。分析句子成分可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用what。
4．(2013·山东高考)It's g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ood to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.
A．what B．whose
C．which D．that
解析：选D　句意：得知我们离开时狗会得到很好的照顾真高兴。分析句子成分可知，所填词引导宾语从句，而且在从句中不作任何句子成分，故选D。
5．(2013·湖南高考)D ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory.
A．how B．that
C．which D．where
解析：选A　句意：别让失败 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )使你灰心丧气，因为你永远不可能弄清楚你离胜利有多近。及物动词tell后接宾语从句，根据句意可知空处修饰形容词close，故应用how。
考点三 表语从句
6．(2013·安徽高考)From spa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce, the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventy one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A．why B．how
C．because D．whether
解析：选C　句意：从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这是因为它表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。此处考查的是表语从句的引导词，主要涉及because和why引导表语从句时的区别。分析前后两句之间的逻辑关系可知，此处为“前果后因”，应用because，故选C。
考点四 同位语从句
7．(2013·浙江高考)The only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A．how B．that
C．which D．whether
解析：选B　空处引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的具体内容，而且引导词在从句中不作成分，也无意义，故选B项。
考点五 wh ever引导的名词性从句
8．(2013·江西高考)_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A．Whoever B．Whatever
C．Whichever D．Wherever
解析：选C　句意：你们中任何一个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人打破窗户都必须赔偿。根据题干中的one of you可知，此空要用whichever修饰one，指“你们中的任何一个人”。
[解题技法指导]
技法一：句子成分分析法
看从句是否缺少成分，不缺少成分就用that, whether/if；缺少成分就用wh 类连接代词。
(1)抓住同位语从句的特征：同位语从句通常跟hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea等抽象名词之后。
(2)that在同位语从句中不作任何语法成分；在定语从句中作主语表语或宾语。
[典例]　(2013·北京高考)________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A．That B．What
C．Who D．Which
[分析]　考查主语从句。句意：让这本书如此非凡的是作者创造性的想象力。所填词引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，故选B。
技法二：结构分析法
近几年来，在考查名词性从句题目时，命题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人有意把句子结构复杂化，如加入插入语、倒装句、强调结构、复杂从句、易混结构等。做题时，若能正确分析句子结构，把握句子脉络，就能正确理解句子含义，提高答题的速度和准确率。
[典例]　(2012·重庆高考)E ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vidence has been found through years of study ________ children's early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
A．why B．how
C．whether D．that
[分析]　考查同位语从句。分析句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )子结构可知，空格后面的部分是解释说明evidence的内容的，是evidence的同位语从句，从句中不缺任何成分，故选连词that，即D项。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·苏南五校联考)We w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere all surprised when she made it clear ________ she would retire soon.
A．whether B．that
C．when D．what
解析：选B　本句中it是形式宾语， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )clear后的从句是真正的宾语。“________ she would retire soon”不缺少成分，所以用that引导该宾语从句。故选B项。
2．More than 100 st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )udents have entered for the competition and ________ gains the most points will be the winner.
A．anyone B．the one
C．that D．whoever
解析：选D　句意：100多名学生参加了 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )竞赛，获得最高分的学生将会成为获胜者。分析句子结构可知，“________ gains the most points”为主语从句，从句中缺主语，表示“无论谁”，故用whoever。
3．(2014·无锡调研 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))________ female college graduates get a job appears to be rather difficult nowadays in China.
A．That B．Why
C．What D．Whether
解析：选A　句意：在中国，目前女大 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学毕业生找工作似乎很难。分析句子成分可知，主语从句中不缺任何成分，只缺引导词，故选A。that引导主语从句时在从句中不作成分，但不能省略。
4．(2014·江西六校 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )联考)—It remains to be seen ________ the plan can be put into practice.
—It depends on your determination.
A．whether B．where
C．how D．that
解析：选A　第一句中的It为形式主语，代替后面的主语从句。根据句意可知，空处表示“是否”，故选whether。
5．(2014·淮安高三模拟)—I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) serve Jim three meals every day and do almost everything for him, but he still fails me.
—I'm sorry to say that's ________ you are mistaken.
A．how B．why
C．what D．where
解析：选D　根据答句句意“很遗憾，那正是你出错的地方”可知答案为D项。
6．—I wonder ________ so many people are crazy about Gangnam Style.
—It's good for b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )odybuilding, and it brings people a lot of fun, you know.
A．how B．where
C．why D．that
解析：选C　句意：“我想知道为什么 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这么多人热衷于《江南Style》。”“你知道，它有利于健身，而且给人们带来了很多乐趣。”根据句意可知，应用why引导宾语从句。
7．(2014·九江模考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ is surprising to us is that Tom, for ________ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he were a native speaker.
A．What; whom B．What; whose
C．It; whose D．As; whom
解析：选A　分析句子成分后可知 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，“________ is surprising to us”是主语从句，空处引导主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，故第一空用what；“for ________ English was once boring”是非限制性定语从句修饰Tom，表示“曾经，对于Tom来说，英语非常枯燥”，此空作for的宾语，故第二空用whom。
8．(2014·湖南十校联考)Life is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) like a cup, and it's up to you to decide ________ it's a drinking cup or a toothbrush cup.
A．how B．why
C．that D．whether
解析：选D　句意：生活就像一个杯子，是饮水杯还是刷牙杯由你来决定。whether与or连用，意为“无论……还是……”。
9．—Are you in favo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ur of Tom's suggestion ________ we work around the clock to meet the deadline
—No. But ________ Jimmy suggested to me sounds practical.
A．which; what B．that; that
C．which; that D．that; what
解析：选D　前一句的su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ggestion后的从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，是同位语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，因此用that引导。答语中含有一个主语从句，从句的谓语动词suggested后需要接宾语，所以用连接代词what。
10．(2014·河南调 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )研)As many as ten courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.
A．whatever B．whichever
C．however D．wherever
解析：选B　后面的宾语从句中缺少主语，排除C、D两项。前句中已出现了courses，后面应选择表示特定范围的whichever。
Ⅱ.语法与阅读
1．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ阅读A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn't overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.
[分析]　本句中it是主语，that引导宾语从句，when引导时间状语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句。
[译文]　这就进一步要求医生们在听到相反观点的时候，不要反应过激。这么做会使得同行们再也不发表他们的观点了。
2．(2013·福建高考阅读E)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) event was held for young people from around the world, to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look.
[分析]　这是一个主从复合句。to seek their views作目的状语，介词on后是how引导的宾语从句。
[译文]　该活动是为全世界的年轻人举办的，征寻他们对于青年和教育的未来该是什么样子的看法。
3．(2013·浙江高考阅读A)That ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.
[分析]　本句为复合句。主句是That ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_led_to_the_concept_of_specialization，定语从句为which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job。同时定语从句中又包含宾语从句that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job。
[译文]　那就导致了专业化这个概念的产生，这意味着人们会专门研究或者说关注某个特定的工作。