【每周一讲，个个击破】2015《三维设计》高考英语（江苏专用）大一轮语法专题：第十四周 强调和倒装（语法要点精析+高频考点领悟+专题过关检测）

第十四周　强调和倒装
(一)强　调
①She realized that i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t was not the words but the way she spoke to Bruce that hurt him.(2014·厦门适应性考试)
她意识到不是她说的话，而是她对布鲁斯说话的方式伤害了他。
②It is the manager ra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther than the workers that is to blame for the accident. They just carried out the plan as told.
是经理而不是工人该为事故负责任。他们只是按被告知的执行计划。
③It was not until she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。
④How was it t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat your brother managed to pass the math exam last week He's always so lazy.(2014·长沙模考)
你的哥哥是如何通过上周的数学考试的？他总是那么懒。
⑤I do hope you can take my plan into consideration.
我的确希望你能考虑我的计划。
1．强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。
2．如果原句中含有“not ... until”，在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。
3．强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前；特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that从句”。
4．do/does/did强调句型：do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调，且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。
考点一 强调句型的基本用法
1．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A．when　　　　　　　　　　 B．that
C．which D．what
解析：选B　句意：看到那些文件后， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )格罗斯先生才意识到他面前的任务完成起来是极其困难的。本题是强调句型，强调时间状语。注意It is/was ... that/who ...是强调句的标志，去掉后，句子依然完整。
2．(2013·重庆高考)It w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued.
A．who B．that
C．when D．how
解析：选B　句意：在当地导游的帮助下，这个登 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )山运动员才得以获救。强调句的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who ...。
考点二 not until的强调句型
3．(2013·天津高考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.
A．that B．where
C．why D．when
解析：选A　句意：直到将 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )近信的结尾她才提及了自己的计划。本题的题干为强调句型，被强调部分为not until near the end of the letter，故选A。
[解题技法指导]
技法一：判断强调句型的方法
判断句子是否为强调句型可以将It is/was和that/who去掉，如果剩余部分的结构依然完整，则该句为强调句型。否则则不是。
It is there that accidents often happen.
→Accidents often happen there.
事故经常在那里发生。
技法二：注意强调句与其他句型的区别
(1)强调句与定语从句的区别
It was in the factory where he worked that I got to know him.
正是在他工作的那家工厂里我开始认识了他。(where引导定语从句，that为强调结构中的that)
(2)强调句与名词性从句的区别
It's no surprise that our team has won the game.
我们队赢得比赛并不惊奇。(名词性从句)
It is not what he says but what he does that matters.
重要的是他做了什么而不是说了什么。(强调句)
(二)倒　装
一、完全倒装
①For a moment nothi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng happened.Then came voices all shouting together.
一会儿没发生什么事情。接下来传来了一起喊的声音。
②Just in front of t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he bus lies an injured man, all covered with blood.
公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人，浑身是血。
③Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away fled the thief.
听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。
④Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.
许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。
⑤Away they went.
他们走了。
在英语中，把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句，称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下几种：
1．表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，如here, there, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首，且主语是名词时。
2．若把作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时，用完全倒装句。
[点津]　主语是代词时不倒装。
二、部分倒装
①Only after they had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision. (2011·湖南高考)
直到他们讨论那个问题几个小时之后才作出决定。
②Only with the gre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )atest of luck did she manage to escape from the rising flood waters. (2012·上海高考)
她设法逃离了不断上涨的洪水只是幸运而已。
③—Shall we take some apples with us
—No, at no time is food allowed in the library.
——我们可以随身带些苹果吗？
——不，图书馆绝不允许带食物。
④—It's nice. Never before have I had such a special drink!
—I'm glad you like it. (2011·福建高考)
——太好喝了。我以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料！
——你喜欢我很高兴。
⑤Not until he left ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.(2010·江西高考)
直到他离开家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。
1．only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时句子使用部分倒装。
2．否定副词never, no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r, not, hardly, little，seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时，句子使用部分倒装。
三、部分倒装的特殊句式
①They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.
他们喜欢有很多朋友，那些身有残疾的人也是如此。
②Since my return to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) China, I haven't seen my host mother in America nor/neither (have I heard) from her.
自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。
③So clearly does he s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )peak English that he can always make himself understood.
他说英语说得如此清晰，以至于别人都能听得懂。
④Not only will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健服务。
⑤Young though she i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s, she has travelled to many countries to put on shows.
她尽管年轻，但已到过很多国家进行演出。
⑥It is said that no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sooner had the game started than it began to rain.(2014·哈尔滨四校统一检测)
据说比赛刚一开始就开始下雨了。
1．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。
2．在so ...that ...和such ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ...that ...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。
3．not only ...but also ...连接两个并列分句，not only置于句首时，它所在的分句使用部分倒装。
4．as/though引导让步状语从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。(though引导的从句也可用正常语序)
5．hardly ...when .. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).; no sooner ...than ...; scarcely ...when ...刚……就……，hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装，且主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
考点一 完全倒装
1．(2010·陕西高考)John op ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ened the door. There ________ he had never seen before.
A．a girl did stand　　　　　 B．a girl stood
C．did a girl stand D．stood a girl
解析：选D　副词there，here等位于句首，应用完全倒装句式。句意：约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。
考点二 部分倒装
2．(2013·江西高考)Only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) when he apologizes for his rudeness ________ to him again.
A．I will speak　　　　　　　 B．will I speak
C．do I speak D．I speak
解析：选B　句意：只有当他为他的粗鲁 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )道歉时，我才会再和他说话。“only＋状语或者状语从句”置于句首时，主句应用部分倒装；根据句意可知，主句应用一般将来时。
3．(2013·福建高考)Not un ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )til he went through real hardship ________ the love we have for our families is important.
A．had he realized B．did he realize
C．he realized D．he had realized
解析：选B　句意：直到他经历 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )了真正的困难他才意识到我们对家人的爱是重要的。not until位于句首时，后面的句子采用部分倒装结构；同时，realize这一动作发生在“经历”之后，此处不表示“过去的过去”，故用一般过去时。
4．(2013·辽宁高考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )At no time ________ the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.
A．they actually broke B．do they actually break
C．did they actually break D．they had actually broken
解析：选C　at no time意为“绝不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，根本不”。当含有否定词的介词短语位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式。另外，句子中的was表明空白处说的是过去的情况，所以选C。
5．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)—Why, this is nothing but common vegetable soup!
—________， madam.It's our soup of the day.
A．Let me see B．So it is
C．Don't mention it D．Neither do I
解析：选B　答语意为：是这样的，女士。这就是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们今天的汤。根据答语可知，第二个人同意第一个人说的话，因此用“So＋主语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词”结构，意为“的确如此”。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2014·苏、锡、常、镇调研)—Was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it because of his shortsightedness ________ he was turned down by the company
—No, it was because of his poor performance.
A．when B．that
C．what D．how
解析：选B　句意：“他是因为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )近视而被公司拒绝的吗？”“不，是因为他的糟糕表现。”分析句子成分可知，问句为强调句的一般疑问句形式，故选that。
2．(2014·徐州质检)It ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was President Xi Jinping ________ visited the navy troops and urged to strengthen naval force on April 9,2013.
A．when B．which
C．that D．he
解析：选C　分析句子结构可知，此处是强调句结构“It was ... that ...”，对句子的主语进行强调，故选C项。
3．(2014·长沙四县一市联考)I ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn't matter ________ I'm talking to.
A．who is it that B．who it is that
C．it is who that D．it is whom that
解析：选B　句意：无论我在和谁交谈，我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一直是诚实而直率的。分析句子结构可知，it doesn't matter后的宾语从句使用了强调句型，其结构为“who it is that I'm talking to”。即B项正确。
4．(2014·南京师大附属中学月考)—When did you return to Tongling last Friday
—It was not until midnight ________ it was raining cats and dogs.
A．that B．before
C．while D．when
解析：选D　句意：“你上周五什么时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )候回到铜陵的？”“直到午夜才到，当时正下着瓢泼大雨。”注意，答语的完整形式是：It was not until midnight ________ it was raining cats and dogs that I returned to Tongling.是个强调句。而空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词midnight，定语从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导。
5．In my opinion, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Mr. White ________ good to his students in his class at present.
A．does does B．does did
C．does do D．did do
解析：选C　句意：依我看来，怀特先生目 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )前对班里的学生确实很好。由at present“目前，现在”可排除D项；此题考查does do句型加强语气。
6．(2014·石家庄高中复习教学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )质量检测)—________ has brought worldwide attention to China
—Rapid and steady economic growth, of course.
A．What do you think it is
B．What do you think is it
C．What do you think it is that
D．What do you think is it that
解析：选C　句意：“你认为到底是什么 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )使中国备受世界关注？”“当然是迅速而又稳定的经济增长了。”分析句子结构可知，此处是强调句的特殊疑问句形式“What do you think it is that has brought worldwide attention to China？”。其中do you think是插入语，所以强调句中用陈述语序。
7．(2014·常州高三模拟)—We ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have to stop talking here outside. Listen，________！
—Hurry up, or we'll be late.
A．there goes the bell B．there does the bell go
C．there the bell goes D．goes the bell there
解析：选A　句意：“我们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )得结束在这里的谈话了。听，铃声响了。”“快点，否则我们会迟到的。”表示方位的副词，如here/there/up/down/in/out/away/off等放在句首，并且主语是名词时，句子要用全部倒装结构，故选A。
8．—Don't make such a noise again.
—Sorry.Oh, look, away ________ the rest of the birds!
A．fly B．flies
C．is flying D．are flying
解析：选A　副词away置于句首且 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语是名词时，句子应采用完全倒装。注意：该类倒装句中不能用进行时态；主语the rest of the birds为复数，谓语也要用复数形式。
9．(2014·咸阳模拟 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))We should keep in mind that the earth is our only home and only by saving the environment ________ourselves.
A．we can save B．can we save
C．we must save D．must we save
解析：选B　句意：我们需要铭记的是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，地球是我们唯一的家园，只有拯救环境才能拯救我们自己。分析句子结构可知，only置于分句句首，故用部分倒装结构。B项正确。
10．(2014·嘉兴检测)En ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vironmental experts point out that________ some serious problems such as global warming, but it also could threaten human life.
A．not only does increasing pollution cause
B．not only causes increasing pollution
C．not only increasing pollution causes
D．not only increasing pollution does cause
解析：选A　not only... but also...连接两个并列分句，not only位于句首时，它所在的分句要部分倒装。
11．(2014·安庆一中月考)W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith a telescope, you can see on the top of the mountain ________.
A．lies a few stone lions B．lie a few stone lions
C．does a few stone lions lie D．do a few stone lions lie
解析：选B　介词短语“on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the top of the mountain”提前，句子要用全部倒装结构，由此可排除C、D两项。主语为a few stone lions 为复数，谓语动词应用lie，故选B。
12．(2014·安徽示范高中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )联考)It is comforting to see that ________， we are doing our part for the environment.
A．as small may be we B．as we may be small
C．small as may be we D．small as we may be
解析：选D　句意：很欣慰看到我们都在为环境尽 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )自己的一份力，尽管我们可能是渺小的。此处考查as引导让步状语从句时构成的部分倒装，语序应为“形容词/名词＋as ＋主语＋谓语”，故D项正确。
Ⅱ.语法与阅读
1．(2013·广东高考阅读D)On ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid — that students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers.
[分析]　本句是only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )引导的倒装句。experts say是插入语，主句谓语动词show后面是that引导的宾语从句，破折号后面是一个that引导的起补充说明作用的宾语从句。
[译文]　专家们说，网络大学只有采取可靠的防止作弊的措施才能表明它们的考试和文凭是有效的，即说明它们的学生没有搜索互联网获取正确答案。
2．(2013·福建高考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )阅读A)It wasn't my birthday, nor was it Easter or Christmas or any other gift giving occasion.
[分析]　nor was it Easter ...为否定副词nor引起的部分倒装句。
[译文]　不是我的生日，也不是圣诞节或复活节，或其他赠送礼物的节日。