课件40张PPT。Many people think the city is their dream holiday place and it's easy to see why.You can keep coming back to London again and again and still find something new and exciting to see and experience.During the day you can experience many，many sights such as Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, the London Eye and the Tower of London.By night the city takes on a new life with some of the finest restaurants, bars and clubs found in the world and of course the greatest theatre in the world can be found in the West End.All this makes London an exciting place.The county(郡，县) of Devon is growing more and more popular with holidaymakers.It is one of the most beautiful counties in Britain.Devon lies along coastline(海岸线) both to its north and south with a green countryside.There are two amazing National Parks，beautiful beaches，and pretty villages and towns.Devon is popular
with people of all ages.So no matter how old you are，Devon suits you.Brighton is one of the most exciting cities in Britain if not in the whole of Europe.The city is full of energy, fun and a sense of freedom which attracts young people from across the country，though there is more than enough to attract people of all ages.
Note：教师用书独具演示●教学目标
初步掌握本课文中的词汇，浅层次理解课文，了解相关的背景知识。
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。●教学地位
本单元话题是“英国”。通过阅读使学生了解英国的历史和地理位置，国家的构成及名胜古迹。“阅读”(reading)部分从地理，历史，政治，文化等多角度说明了联合王国的形成，发展以及它的风土人情和人文景观。使学生对英国有一个比较详实的认识，拓宽了知识面，有助于深入地理解和领悟英国语言和英国文化习俗。 ●新课导入建议
可以通过给学生看地图，拼地形图卡片，看幻灯片等，尽可能多地直观的向学生介绍有关英国概况的知识，使学生对当代英国的经济与政治，城市与乡村等诸多方面有一个整体认识。老师要尽量给学生自主学习的时间和空间，通过自学、自做、自悟、自助等方式，让学生体会和理解文章的内容，探讨英国的文化。 演示结束 Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P9～10的Reading部分，完成下列表格(每空不超过3个单词)Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P9－10的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．What is mainly talked about in this passage?
A．The history of the United Kingdom.
B．The geography of the United Kingdom.
C．The people of the United Kingdom.
2．How many countries is the United Kingdom made up of?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four.3．The writer mentions London in the fifth paragraph mainly because .
A．London is the capital of the United Kingdom
B．London can best reflect British history and culture
C．London is the home of art collections
4．Which invader influenced the British words for food?
A．The Romans. B．The Vikings.
C．The Normans.5．From the passage，we know that .
A．all the four countries share the same educational systems
B．the Romans came to England before the Anglo-Saxons
C．it was easy for Northern Ireland to join England，Scotland and Wales
【答案】 1－5 BCBCBⅢ.课文缩写
阅读P9～10的Reading部分，完成下面课文缩写
As we all know，UK is 1. four countries：England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland.Everyone can easily clarify any problems if you study 2. .So there is no need to debate more.
Great Britain was the name given when the England and Wales were joined to 3. .They are united peacefully. The four countries do work together 4. ，but they are still very different.They developed 5. and legal systems as well as different football teams.England is the largest of the four and 6. it is divided roughly into 7. .Some industrial cities don't have the historical 8. of other places.Yet London has the greatest historical treasure.But it has been influenced only by some 9. of England.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to 10. to the UK worthwhile.【答案】 1.divided into 2.British history 3.Scotland 4.in some areas 5.different educational 6.for convenience 7.three zones 8.attractions 9.invaders 10．make a tripⅡ.短语填空
consist of，divide...into，break away(from)，to one's credit，for convenience，refer to，as well as，leave out
1．The whole class can be six groups.
2．He never his sisters in his letters.
3．It is up to you to decide what to and what to leave in.
4．You should try your best to your bad habits.5．You'd better keep the name list on the table .
6．Their diet mainly vegetables.
【答案】 1.divided into 2.referred to 3.leave out 4．break away from 5.for convenience 6.consists ofⅢ.句型背诵
1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
现在当人们说到英格兰时，你会发现威尔士也包括在其中。
2．Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.
最后，在二十世纪初，英国政府试图通过同样的和平方式把爱尔兰联合起来以形成联合王国。3．It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.
遗憾的是，这些建于19世纪的工业城市并不能吸引游客。
4．It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD，the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.
它有公元一世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁—撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑，还有公元1066年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。5．You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
如果你想要使你的英国之旅令人愉快，不虚此行，你就必须把眼睛睁得大大的。课件80张PPT。教师用书独具演示●教学目标
重点词汇的理解与应用。
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，要求学生参考所给的形容词和动词，发散思维，把自己收集到有关某一建筑物或迷人景观的资料写进学生所在地的旅游手册。学生需要用生动的语言进行描述，以吸引人们前来旅游观光。把学习与学生的日常生活结合起来， 以提高学生的书面表达能力。●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确使用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。●新课导入建议
As we all know that The United Kingdom is a very developed country, which has a lot of famous castles and many beautiful places. Now I want to ask xxx to say something about his/her journey to England .(老师让xxx同学说说英国之旅的印象和感受。)演示结束 1．consist vi.组成；在于；一致
How many countries does the UK consist of?
英国是由几个部分(国家)组成的？(教材P9)
The committee consists of ten members.
委员会由十人组成。consist of由……组成
consist in在于……
consist with与……一致；符合Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you own.幸福并不在于你拥有多少财产。
The report consists with facts.
这篇报道符合事实。
【提示】 consist of没有被动语态，相当于be made up of或be composed of，且不用于进行时。2．divide...into把……分成
England can be divided into three main areas.(教材P9)
英格兰被分为3个主要的区域。
Let's divide the apples into three.
我们把这些苹果分成三份吧。divide...between/among/with...
和……分配/分担/分享
divide...from...把……和……分开
divide...by...某数除以某数
divide...in half/into halves 把……分成两半divide/separate完成句子
③他把时间用在阅读和写作上了。
He reading writing.
④你们班的学生被分成几个小组？
How many groups the students in your class .
【答案】 ③divided his time between；and ④are；divided into3．clarify vt.澄清；阐明；讲清楚
You can clarify this question if you study British history.(教材P9)
如果你研究英国的历史，你就能够弄明白这个问题。
He left the matter to clarify gradually by itself.
他让此事的真相逐渐自行澄清。①clarify matters/a situation/a problem
澄清真相/情况/问题
clarify one's stand/position阐明自己的立场
②clarified adj.纯净的
③clarification n．澄清；说明He clarified his stand on the issue of Syria on behalf of the government.
他代表政府阐明了他在叙利亚问题上的立场。
The issue you referred to at the conference needs clarification.在会议上你提及的这个问题需要说明。【教师备课资源】
后缀-ify通常加在某些词后构成动词，如：完成句子
④他的解释把这个谜团澄清了。
His explanation .
⑤我将在合适的时候澄清我的立场。
I'll at a proper time.
【答案】 ④clarified the mystery ⑤clarify my stand/position4．Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.(教材P10)现在当人们说到英格兰时，你会发现威尔士也包括在其中。
included是过去分词，此处用作宾语补足语。include与宾语Wales之间是被动关系，故需用过去分词作宾补。 find＋n./pron.＋宾语补足语，意思是“发现……处于……状态”，在此结构中，宾语补足语除用过去分词外，还可用现在分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等，变为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语则变为主语补足语。They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.
他们发现自己被丛林大火困住了。
When she woke up，she found herself lying in a hospital.当她醒来的时候，她发现自己躺在医院里。
He found his door open when he came back.
当他回来时，他发现门开着。5．accomplish vt.完成(任务)；达到(目的)；实现(计划、诺言等)
Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.(教材P10)令人高兴的是，这件事没有引起冲突就完成了，那时候苏格兰的詹姆斯国王也成为了英格兰和威尔士的国王。
We tried to arrange a peace but accomplished nothing.
我们试图达成和解但毫无成效。accomplish/finish/complete6．conflict n．矛盾；冲突vi.冲突；抵触
Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.(教材P10)令人高兴的是，这件事没有引起冲突就完成了，那时候苏格兰的詹姆斯国王也成为了英格兰和威尔士的国王。
There was a conflict between the accounts of the witnesses.证人的陈述相互冲突。①in conflict with 与……冲突/与……矛盾
come into conflict with 与……冲突/与……矛盾
conflict over 关于……的冲突
conflict between A and B A与B之间的冲突
②conflict vi.争执，冲突，矛盾
conflict with与……矛盾/冲突Your statement is in conflict with the rest of the evidence.你的陈述同其余证据相矛盾。
She had often come into conflict with her husband.
她经常与丈夫发生矛盾。
They conflicted with each other.他们互相冲突。单项填空
③In dealing with public relations，we should make every effort to prevent the in personality.
A．contact B．contrast
C．connection D．conflict
【解析】 考查词义区别。contact联系，交往；contrast差异，差别；connection关联；conflict冲突。句意：在处理公共关系时，我们应该尽最大努力避免人们的个性冲突。
【答案】 D7．break away突然离开，脱离出去；逃脱，挣脱；断开，脱开
However，the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.(教材P10)然而，爱尔兰的南部却不愿意，分离出去了，并建立了自己的政府。
About ten members of the Demmocratic Party have broken away.大约有十个民主党成员脱党。break away from从(政党，组织等)脱离出去；从……中逃脱/挣脱；离开(家、家庭或工作)
break down损坏；分解；(汽车)抛锚
break in非法闯入；插嘴，打断
break into破门而入，非法闯入；突然……起来
break off打断；折断；中断(说话)
break out(战争、火灾、疫病等)突然发生，爆发
break through冲突；突破
break up分解；分裂Don't break away from group.不要脱离集体。
She broke away from him and ran to the door.
她甩开他跑到门口。
The audience broke into warm cheers.
听众爆发出热烈的欢呼声。
The marriage broke up just a few years later.
仅仅几年后，这桩婚姻就破裂了。8．credit n．信任；学分；赞扬；信贷
To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas(eg.the currency and international relations)，but they still have very different institutions.(教材P10)值得赞扬的是，这四个国家在一些方面(如货币和国际关系方面)的确是共同合作的，但是有些制度方面仍然有很大不同。
Students who pass the test will receive a credit.
通过测试的同学，将获得一个学分。①to one's credit为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬的是
be of credit有名望
get/receive credit for...因为……而得到荣誉
give sb.credit for为……称赞某人；信任某人
do sb.credit＝do credit to sb.使某人值得赞扬或表扬
②on credit记帐；分期付款To their credit they still help that old man.
值得赞扬的是他们仍然帮助那位老人。
They did not give him credit for his work until after he died.他们在他死后才对他的功绩加以表扬。
Most new cars are bought on credit.
大多数新汽车都是贷款购买的。
Your honesty does you great credit.
你的诚实值得大大表扬。【教师备课资源】
credit既是可数名词，又是不可数名词；credit card即我们经常用的信用卡。另外：
“to＋one's＋抽象名词”结构的短语还有：to one's surprise/joy/delight/content/astonishment/excitement/amusement等。much to one's＋n.相当于to one's great＋n.9．convenience n．便利；方便；便利设施
England is the largest of the four countries，and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.(教材P10)在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的，为方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。
It was a great convenience to have the doctor living near us.有医生住在我们附近真是太方便了。
The kitchen has all the modern conveniences.
这间厨房拥有一切现代化设备。①at one's convenience在某人方便时
for convenience为了方便起见
for sb.'s convenience＝for the convenience of sb.为了某人方便起见
②convenient adj.方便的；便利的
It is convenient for/to sb.对于某人来说方便
It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事I kept my reference book near my desk for convenience.我把参考书放在书桌旁以方便使用。
Please deliver the goods at your earliest convenience.
请尽早送货。
When would it be convenient for you to go?
你什么时候方便去呢？
【提示】 convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，要用事物作主语或用it充当形式主语。【对接高考】
(2012·天津高考)The secretary arranged a(n) time and place for the applicants to have an interview.
A．important B．spare
C．public D．convenient
【解析】 本题四个选项都为常见形容词。A项important意为“重要的”；B项spare意为“闲暇的”；C项public意为“公众的”；D项convenient意为“方便的”。根据本题句意“这位秘书为参加面试的所有应聘者安排好了方便的时间和地点”，同时联系生活实际可推知，秘书的工作职责之一应该是做一些能够提供便利的事情。故答案为D。
【答案】 D10．roughly adv.粗略地；粗糙地
England is the largest of the four countries，and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.(教材P10)在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大的，为方便起见，它大致可以划分为三个地区。
I had roughly four kilometers to go.
我还要走大约4公里。①roughly speaking大体上说
②rough adj.粗糙的；粗略的；艰难的；粗暴的
③in rough处于未完成状态；在草稿纸上Roughly speaking，we need about D|S500.
大体上说，我们需要500美元。
My mother's hands were rough from hard work.
由于常年劳作，妈妈的手很粗糙。
The composition is still in rough now.
作文现在只是草稿。【教师备课资源】
①表示“大约”的词汇还有：about，approximately，or so，more or less等。
②与speaking连用，构成的副词短语还有：
generally speaking；honestly speaking；frankly speaking，directly speaking等。11．attract vt.吸引；引起注意；使喜爱
It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.(教材P10)遗憾的是，这些建于19世纪的工业城市并不能吸引游客。
The exhibition has attracted thousands of visitors.
展览吸引了成千上万的参观者。①attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
attract sb.to sth.吸引某人关注某事
be attracted to sb.喜爱某人，为某人所吸引
②attraction n．吸引力；诱惑力；有吸引力的地方；
有吸引力的事物
③attractive adj.有吸引力的To be honest，I can't tell what the attraction of this building is.
老实讲，我说不出这座建筑物有何吸引人的地方。
Ice cream is attractive to children.
冰淇淋对孩子们非常有吸引力。 【提示】 attraction 作“名胜，吸引人的地方(东西)”讲时是可数名词；作“魅力，吸引力”讲时是不可数名词。完成句子
③这份工作最吸引我的地方是有旅行的机会。
What me most the job was the chance to travel.
④节日期间，超市发起的广告活动对顾客很有吸引力。
During festivals，the new advertising campaigns started by supermarkets customers.
【答案】 ③attracted；to ④are very attractive to12．It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.(教材P10)很遗憾，这些建于19世纪的工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。
在这个句子中it是形式主语，句子的真正主语是that引导的主语从句。It is a pity that...“令人遗憾的是……”。
It's a pity that he didn't accept the job.
令人遗憾的是他没有接受这份工作。
It's a great pity that Jim wasn't invited.
吉姆没有受到邀请真是令人遗憾。it作形式主语后接主语从句的常见结构：
It is＋n.(a pity/surprise/wonder...)that
It is＋adj.(amazing/surprising/wonderful...)that
It is＋v.-ed(said/reported/believed...)that
It seems/happens/appears/matters...thatIt is natural that she should cry.
她哭是人之常情。
It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.
据报道非洲野生动物的数量正在减少。
It appears that he doesn't like fixing work hours.
看来他不喜欢固定的工作时间。13．It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.(教材P10)
它有公元一世纪由罗马人建造的最古老的港口，有由盎格鲁—撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代的最古老的建筑，还有公元1066年由后来的诺曼人统治者建造的最古老的城堡。本句中的“built by the Romans in the first century AD”，“begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s”和“constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066”都是过去分词短语作后置定语，分别修饰“the oldest port”，“the oldest building”和“the oldest castle”，因此去掉修饰成分后句子的主干是：It has the oldest port，the oldest building and the oldest castle。The book bought yesterday is very good.
昨天买的那本书很好。
Do you know the student invited to attend an important meeting?
你认识被邀去参加一个重要会议的这个人吗？【对接高考】
(2012·山东高考)After completing and signing it，please return the form to us in the envelope .
A．providing B．provided
C．having provided D．provide
【解析】 句意：在填完表格并署名之后，请把它放在被提供的信封里返还到我们这里。本题考查过去分词作定语，envelope与provide是被动关系，故用过去分词。
【答案】 B14．leave out省去；遗漏；不考虑
Which country is eft out？(教材P11)
哪个国家被遗漏了？
Please decide what to leave out and what to leave in.
请决定如何取舍。
You've left out the most important word in this sentence.你已在这一句中漏掉了最重要的一个单词。leave for动身去……
leave...alone让某人独处；不管某物
leave behind留下；丢弃；使落后
leave off停止；戒除Leave the boy alone，he can make up his own mind.
别管那个孩子，他自己会做决定的。
He has left off smoking.
他已经不再吸烟了。【教师备课资源】
常用的表示“删除”的词语还有：
cut out，cross out，delete等。课件61张PPT。教师用书独具演示●教学目标
重点词汇的理解与语法的掌握。
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够把直接引语变为间接引语，同时也能够将间接引语变为直接引语。
●教学地位
本单元的语法是过去分词做宾语补足语，学生可能会感到比较难以掌握 。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。演示结束 1．description n．[U，C]描写；描述
Have you read the description carefully？(教材P12)
你仔细读过描述了吗？
I found the book boring beyond description.
我觉得这本书乏味得无法形容。
The writer began with a description of the area.
这位作家在开篇对该地区作了描写。①give a description of形容；描述
beyond description无法形容；难以描述
②describe v．描写；描述
describe...as...把……说成是……，把……称作……It's difficult to describe how I feel.
很难形容我的感受。
Can you describe him to me?
你能向我描述一下他的样子吗？2．quarrel n．[C]争吵；争论vi.争吵；争辩
Do these differences cause conflicts or quarrels？(教材P12)这些差异导致冲突或争吵吗？
These men have quarrelled with each other about/over the price of a load of hay.
这帮人为了一车干草的价钱而相互争吵不休。quarrel with sb.about/over sth.
＝have a quarrel with sb.about/over sth.
为……与某人争吵They're always quarrelling about food.
他们总是为了吃什么而争吵。
John ran away from home after a quarrel with his wife.约翰和妻子吵了一架后离家出走了。quarrel/argueHe is good-natured and has never quarrelled with anyone.他脾气很好，从不和任何人争吵。
We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.我们跟服务员争执那顿饭的价钱。①take sb.'s/sth.'s place＝take the place of sb./sth.
代替某人/物
in place of sb./sth.＝in sb.'s/sth.'s place
代替某人/物
②take one's place就位
take place 发生；举行
③in place 在适当的位置
out of place不合适的；不恰当的The chairs for the concert were nearly all in place.
音乐会的座椅都已摆放妥当。
What would you do if you were in my place?
如果你处在我的位置上，你会怎么做？
I felt out of place among the foreigners.
在一群外国人中间我觉得不自在。【教师备课资源】
①take the place of 与 in place of 都是“代替；替代”的意思。take the place of 是动词短语，相当于 replace，在句子中作谓语。in place of 是介词短语，相当于 instead of，多用作状语。
②类似的区别还有search和in search of; honour 和 in honour of; praise 和 in praise of; celebrate 和 in celebration of。4．break down(机器)停止运转；坏掉；打倒；捣碎；(使)失败；分解；(身体、精神)垮掉
On my way to the station my car broke down.(教材P13)我的汽车在去车站的路上出故障了。
His health broke down as a result of smoking.
因为吸烟他的健康垮掉了。break down/break up【对接高考】
(2012·陕西高考)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead，because the air-conditioning system .
A．broke in B．broke up
C．broke out D．broke down
【解析】 break in闯入；break up打破，打碎，解散，结束；break out(战争、火灾等)发生；break down(机器)发生故障，(计划、谈判等)失败。由主句中pause from time to time to wipe the sweat可知此处是指空调出故障，故选D项。本题句意：他不得不时常停下来擦擦额头上的汗，因为空调系统出故障了。
【答案】 D用适当的副词填空
⑤Water can be broken into hydrogen and oxygen.
⑥First you must break your army.
⑦I told myself I'd break with Derek the next day.
【答案】 ⑤down ⑥up ⑦up5．arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理
They had no time to arrange their own wedding...(教材P13)他们没有时间筹备自己的婚礼……
He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week.他安排把会议推迟一周。
He is arranging his notes.
他在整理笔记。①arrange to do sth.安排好做某事
arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事
arrange with sb.about sth.和某人商量某事
It is arranged that...根据安排……
②arrangement n．[U，C]安排；准备工作
make arrangements for为……做安排Dave arranged for someone to drive him home.
大卫安排人开车送他回家。
It was arranged that we have to have supper at the airport.根据安排，我们必须在机场吃晚饭。
We have already made arrangements for our vacation.
我们已经为假期作了安排。
【提示】 (1)arrange不能用于arrange sb.to do sth.结构，应该使用arrange for sb.to do sth.结构。(2)arrange 后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，注意过去分词在句子中充当的成分和所起的作用。
①Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
②Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.
③You find most of the population settled in the south，....[自我总结]
过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语时，与宾语存在逻辑上的 关系。
【答案】 动宾过去分词作宾语补足语
过去分词作宾语补足语时表明宾语是过去分词动作的对象，过去分词与宾语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。在高中阶段主要有以下几种情况：
1．感官动词see, hear, notice, observe，watch，feel，find等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car.
我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。 【注意】 在此类“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，如用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示动作与宾语构成动宾关系或所处的状态。(用现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在进行且与宾语构成主谓关系。)2．意欲动词want，like，wish，order，expect等动词后接过去分词作宾语补足语，相当于过去分词前省略了to be，表示“希望/要求某事/某人被……”。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano.
这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
I'd like the job done when I come back from the journey.我希望我旅行回来时，这项工作已经做了。3．使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
Have you got your films developed?
你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有？
The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself heard.
演讲者提高嗓音但还是不能让听众听到他的声音。【注意】
“使役动词have＋宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义：
(1)主语请别人做某事
He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.
他明天想去检查眼睛。
(2)主语遭遇到某种不幸的事情
While they were on holiday，they had their car broken into.他们在度假时车被撬了。
(3)使完成某事(事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成)
He had the walls painted this morning.
他今早给墙刷漆了。(主语自己可能参与)4．在“with＋名词/代词＋过去分词”的复合宾语结构中，过去分词表示被动意义，过去分词与宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系。
With all the work done，I feel very relaxed now.
所有的工作都做完了，我现在感到非常放松。
An old man was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.一个老人被带了进来，他的双手被绑在背后。【注意】
过去分词与现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：
一般说来，过去分词作宾语补足语时，与宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系，现在分词则是主谓关系。
I saw her coming into the classroom.
我看见她正进教室。(her和come是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示“进来”这一动作正在发生)
I saw her taken out of the classroom.
我看见她被人从教室里带了出来。(take和her是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“她是被带出来的”这一动作)With a local guide leading the way，we had no difficulty finding the old temple.
由当地的导游带路，我们毫不费事地找到了那座古庙。
(guide和lead之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词)
With the problem settled，he could finally have a good sleep.
问题得以解决，他终于可以好好睡一觉了。(problem和settle之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词)Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·咸宁高二检测)We should give students plenty of opportunities to hear English .
A．speak B．speaking
C．spoken D．to speak
【解析】 此处考查“hear＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。因speak与English之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故用spoken作宾语补足语，表示被动。
【答案】 C2．I can make you what I say，but you can't make yourself in English.
A．understand；understand
B．to understand；understand
C．understand；understood
D．understand；to be understood
【解析】 考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。make sb.do sth.让某人做某事；make sb.done使某人被……。前者you与understand之间构成主动关系，后者yourself与understand之间构成被动关系。
【答案】 C3．With the new equipment ，the workers finished the task in less than half the time planned.
A．introducing B．to introduce
C．introduced D．introduce
【解析】 句意：由于引进了新设备，工人们用少于原计划的一半时间完成了任务。introduce与宾语new equipment构成动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作宾补。
【答案】 C4．(2012·四川高考)Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car .
A．washed B．wash
C．washing D．to wash
【解析】 句意：开车进入市区之前，你必须把汽车洗一洗。本题考查过去分词作宾语补足语。car与wash之间是被动关系。故用过去分词，构成“get sth.done”结构，表示“使某物被……”
【答案】 A5．The computer system suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
A．broke down B．broke out
C．broke up D．broke in
【解析】 break down(机器等)发生故障；(人)感情崩溃；break out(战争，灾难等)突然发生；break up分开；分解；结束。break in强行进入；打断(谈话等)。
【答案】 A6．(2011·湖北卷高考)The minister said，“We are ready for discussions with any legal parties，but we'll never with criminals.”
A．negotiate B．quarrel
C．argue D．consult
【解析】 negotiate谈判；quarrel吵架，争吵；argue辩论，争辩；consult商议，咨询。句意为“部长说：‘我们愿意与任何合法党派进行讨论，但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。’”，根据句意选A。
【答案】 A7．(2011·重庆高考)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself of his own dreams.
A．reminding B．to remind
C．reminded D．remind
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Michael把姚明的图片张贴在床边是为了提醒自己要实现自己的梦想。remind sb.of sth.表示“提醒某人某事”，remind与himself之间是动宾关系，故用动词的过去分词形式。
【答案】 C8．(2011·陕西高考)Claire had her luggage an hour before her plane left.
A．check B．checking
C．to check D．checked
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在飞机起飞前一个小时Claire对行李进行了安检。check与luggage之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词形式表示被动，构成have＋宾语＋过去分词结构，表示“找人做……”或“使……被……”。
【答案】 D9．The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.
A．carried out B．carrying out
C．carry out D．to carry out
【解析】 此句结构较复杂，that they would like to see the next year是修饰名词the plan的定语从句。由于the plan 与空格处的carry out有被动关系，故填过去分词carried out。
【答案】 A10．Don't worry.I have a car to pick up the guests at the station.
A．arranged B．arranged for
C．preparing D．prepared for
【解析】 arrange for sb./sth.to do sth.“安排某人/某物干某事”，固定用法。
【答案】 BⅡ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．When I opened the door，I found the ground (cover)by fallen leaves.
2．When you come back again，you will see your hometown completely (change)．
3．Paul's mother had him (adopt)because she couldn't look after him herself.
4．Look at your dirty clothes；you'd better get them (wash)．5．He stood for an instant with his hand (raise)．
6．With a lot of difficult problems (settle)，America is having a hard time.
7．—Why did you go back to the shop?
—I felt my friend (wait) there.
8．A cook will be immediately fired if he is found (smoke)in the kitchen.
9．Having passed all the tests，she felt a great weight (take)off her mind.10．On a (freeze) morning the little girl was found (freeze) at the corner of the street.
【答案】 1.covered 2.changed 3.adopted 4.washed 5．raised 6.to settle 7.waiting 8.smoking 9.taken 10．freezing；frozen课件75张PPT。教师用书独具演示●教学目标
掌握本课文中的词汇，理解课文，熟练掌握用英语表达“空间：位置、方向和距离” 的用法，深度了解“ 英国”的构成及语言和文化的发展并就“ 几个著名景点”的用英语进行介绍和进一步的描述。(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法和给出学生认为合理的建议。
(5)掌握如何介绍某个旅游景点的写作方法。●教学地位
本课时的内容是旅行参观游记，根据课文内容让学生学会如何使用某些形容词和动词形象地描述一个景点的位置、方向和距离。 是高考作文中常见的一个方面。学好对某一景点或旅游胜地的介绍和描述对学生的学习和生活会有很大帮助。 ●新课导入建议
我们都生活在一个多姿多彩的世界中，古语说“读万卷书不如走万里路”。而且随着生活水平的提高，越来越多出外旅游甚至出国旅游，在旅游之前我们往往会做各种准备。遇到一些不难以预料的事情。这时我们就应该向朋友、家人求助或上网查询一些资料和信息。 那么我们就通过对本文的学习，了解并学好如何处理这种情况。演示结束 Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P14课文，判断下列各题正误
1．Westminster Abbey contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers. ( )
2．Longitude line interested Pingyu most when she visited Greenwich during the second day. ( )
3．In London Zhang Pingyu also saw the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects. ( )
【答案】 1－3 TTTⅡ.语篇理解
阅读P14课文，选择最佳答案
1．From the second paragraph，we get to know .
A．Zhang Pingyu was shown around Buckingham Palace
B．Zhang Pingyu was greatly interested in Big Ben
C．Westminster Abbey is one of the interesting attractions2．What interested Zhang Pingyu most while she was visiting Greenwich?
A．Many old shops.
B．Big Ben.
C．The longitude line.3．Which was the right order of Zhang Pingyu visiting the attractions in London?
a．Highgate Cemetery
b．Big Ben
c．the Tower
d．Buckingham Palace
e．the longitude line
f．the Library of the British Museum
g．Westminster Abbey
A．c→g→f→b→d→a→e
B．c→g→b→d→e→a→f
C．d→c→a→b→e→f→g4．Tourists to the British Museum in London may enjoy all the following EXCEPT .
A．Karl Marx's works
B．Karl Marx's reading room
C．treasures of different cultures
【答案】 1－4 CCBB1．Worried about the time available，Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.(教材P14)
由于担心可用的时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张单子。Worried about the time available是过去分词短语作状语，相当于一个原因状语从句：Because she was worried about the time available。过去分词作状语时与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系，用来表示句子发生的时间、让步、条件、方式和伴随状况。
Seen from space，the earth looks like a blue ball.
从太空中看，地球就像一个蓝色的球。
Deeply moved by the story，the girl began to cry.
被故事深深地感动，那个女孩开始哭泣。【对接高考】
(2012·北京高考) with care，one tin will last for six weeks.
A．Use B．Using
C．Used D．To use
【解析】 句意：“小心使用，一个罐将会使用6周。”tin和use之间是被动关系，所以用use的过去分词used作状语，从而排除表主动关系的using和to use。分析句子结构可知，此处应是非谓语动词作状语，所以排除动词use。
【答案】 C2．delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.使高兴；使欣喜
Her first delight was going to the Tower.(教材P14)
她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。
The delights of living in the country impressed us deeply.
在乡村生活的乐趣给我们留下了深刻的印象。
Her singing delighted everyone.
她的歌声使大家很愉快。①delight in (doing) sth.喜欢(干)某事
be delighted to do sth.做某事感到高兴
②with/in delight高兴地；快乐地
to one's delight/to the delight of sb.令某人高兴的是
It is a delight to do sth.很高兴做某事
take delight in (doing) sth.乐于做某事To our delight，our football team won.
令我们高兴的是，我们的足球队赢了。
She ran back home with delight.
她兴高采烈地跑回家。
The boy takes great delight in pulling the cat's tail.
那个男孩以拽猫的尾巴为乐。完成句子
④ (令他高兴的是)，his novel was accepted for publication.
⑤I (很高兴被邀请)to her party.
【答案】 ④To his delight ⑤am delighted to be invited3．There followed St.Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666.(教材P14)
接着参观的是圣保罗大教堂，它是1666年在可怕的伦敦大火以后建造的。
there followed属于“there be句型”的变体，是倒装句，可用于这个句型的常见动词有stand，live，lie，exist，remain，occur，follow，come，go，seem to be，happen to be，used to be等。There stands a tree in front of the house.
房子前面有一棵树。
There lived a great thinker in Greece.
希腊曾有一位伟大的思想家。【对接高考】
(2010·江苏高考)—Is everyone here?
—Not yet...Look，there the rest of our guests!
A．come B．comes
C．is coming D．are coming
【解析】 句意：——都到了吗？——还没有……看，我们其余的客人过来了！答语中there放句首，句子采用倒装句式，句子的主语为the rest of our guests，排除B、C两项。在倒装结构中不用进行时态，故答案为A。
【答案】 A4．It looked splendid when first built！(教材P14)
刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！
句中的when first built是when it was first built的省略形式。状语从句中，如果从句主语和主句的主语一致，同时谓语动词含有系动词be或it is/was结构，可省去该从句的主语和系动词be。
When asked where she was from，the little girl was only crying，saying nothing.当被问到她是哪里人时，这个小女孩只是哭，什么也不说。
Be careful when crossing the street.
过街时要当心。【对接高考】
(2012·安徽高考)When for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A．asking B．asked
C．having asked D．to be asked
【解析】 句意：当被问及他对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得教学很有趣，并且非常值得。ask与主语Philip之间为动宾关系，A和C可排除。本题为“连词＋分词”结构，实际上为状语从句的简化。to be asked为动词不定式的被动式，表示的是将来或尚未发生的动作，故D不合适。When asked...＝When he was asked...，故选B。
【答案】 B5．What interested her most was the longitude line.(教材P14)她最感兴趣的是那条经线。
What interested her most是一个由what引导的主语从句。意为：她最感兴趣的事情。
what引导名词性从句时一般在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。多译为“所……的东西/事情”，相当于the thing that。What I need is a mobile phone.
我所需要的是一部移动电话。
In some countries，what is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.在某些国家，所谓的平等并不真正意味着所有的人都有平等的权利。
The terrorists declare war on us and that's what they get.
恐怖分子向我们宣战，他们得到的就是战争。【教师备课资源】
①what和which都可以在从句中作成分，但what只用来引导名词性从句。而which既可以引导名词性从句，又可以引导定语从句，其引导名词性从句时意为“哪一个”。
②that既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导定语从句，在引导名词性从句时，不作句子成分，在引导定语从句时，可以作主语或宾语。【对接高考】
(2012·上海高考)—We've only got this small bookcase.Will that do?
—No， I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.
A．who B．that
C．what D．which
【解析】 句意：——我们只搞到了这个小书柜，行吗？——不行，我要找的比这个大而结实得多。该空处引导的是主语从句，从句缺少动词短语look for的宾语，且指物，故C为正确答案。
【答案】 C句型转换
④We believe what you have devoted yourself to is certain to come true.
→We believe you have devoted yourself to is certain to come true.
【答案】 the thing that完成句子
⑤我们所需要的是好医生。
good doctors.
⑥我们得不到的东西似乎总是要比我们所拥有的要好。
always seems better than .
【答案】 ⑤What we need are ⑥What we cannot get；what we have6．It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.(教材P14)似乎很奇怪，这个发展了共产主义的人居然生活且死在了伦敦。
句中的it是形式主语，句子的真正主语是that引导的主语从句。
在It is strange(necessary，natural，important，a pity...)that...这类句型中，that所引导的主语从句的谓语动词常用should＋动词原形或动词的完成形式，在should＋动词原形中，should可省略。should在此结构中表示一种惊讶的语气，常译为“居然；竟然”。
It's strange that he should say that.
很奇怪他居然那么说。
It's necessary that young and old people should communicate more with each other.
年轻人和老年人有必要进行更多的交流。
It is really amazing that they should have done the work so quickly.
他们这么快就把活儿干完了，实在令人惊讶。7．thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊n.[C](因快乐、恐怖、兴奋等)一阵激动；战栗
But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum.(教材P14)但是让她感到震惊的是博物馆里有如此之多的来自不同文化的珍宝。
Meeting with Zhang Yimou in Beijing was a great thrill to me.
对我来说，在北京遇到张艺谋是件令人兴奋的事情。完成句子
⑤这个故事使男孩惊骇不已。
The boy the story.
⑥收到邀请，我非常激动。
I the invitation.
【答案】 ⑤was thrilled with ⑥was thrilled to receive1．表达语言交际困难的常用交际用语有：
Excuse me...I'm afraid I can't follow you.
I beg your pardon？/Pardon?
I didn't understand...
Please，can you speak more slowly?
What did you mean by...?
I'm sorry but could you repeat that?2．表达空间(space，position，direction，distance)的常用交际语有：
Excuse me.Where's...
Excuse me.Is the car park straight on?
Excuse me，could you tell me the way to...?
Could you tell me where...?
How far is...?1．—Can you read the sign，sir？No smoking allowed in the lift!
— .
A．Never mind B．Don't mention it
C．Sure，I don't smoke D．Pardon me
【解析】 Never mind不用担心；Don't mention it别客气；Pardon me请原谅；Sure，I don't smoke为干扰项，英语中没有这种表达方式。由句意可知Pardon me正确。
【答案】 D2．—Excuse me，can you tell me where the nearest bank is，please?
— Oh yes！It's past the post office，next to a big market.
A．Mm，let me think.
B．Oh，I beg your pardon?
C．You're welcome.
D．What do you mean?【解析】 由答话者说Oh，yes！可知其一下子想不起最近的银行在哪，故应说Mm，let me think.答句句意为“哦，让我想一想，对了，经过邮局(之后)，(它)就在一家大市场旁边”。
【答案】 A如何写好导游词
导游词是导游人员引导游客观光游览时的讲解词，是导游人员同游客交流思想、向游客传播文化知识的工具，也是应用写作的文体之一。
一篇完整的导游词，一般包括下面三个部分：1．见面时的问候语
主要表达对游客的问候、欢迎，游览注意事项和对游客的希望等方面，放在导游词的最前面。常见的表达方式有：
①Hello，my dear visitors.Welcome to...
②It's so nice to meet you here!
③I feel it a great honour to be your tour guide today.
④I'd like to take this opportunity to give you a brief introduction about...2．景点介绍
景点介绍包括旅游景点的位置、范围、地位、意义、历史、现状和发展前景等，目的是帮助旅游者对景点有个总体了解，引起游览兴趣。常见的表达方式有：
①It was built in...so it had a very long history.
②It is located/situated...，with an area of...
③It has become the most popular tourist attraction since...
④With its pleasant climate，rich natural resources and picturesque scenery，...is one of China's major tourist cities.3．结束语
结束语包括感谢语、惜别语、征求意见语、致歉语和祝愿语等方面，放在导游词的最后面。常见的表达方式有：
①Please allow me, then, take this opportunity to thank you for your cooperation and understanding.
②Wish you have a good time and enjoy yourself.
③Thanks again for listening.Have a good time!【答案】 1.be/lie/stand/be situated/be located 2．above sea level 3.attract visitors/impress visitors 4．run across 5.be well-known for/be famous for 6.from all over the world 7.impress sb.with sth.＝impress sth.on sb. 8.sunrise and sunset4．泰山最为著名的就是神奇的日出和日落景观。
Mount Tai its wonderful sunrise and sunset.
【答案】 1.is/lies/stands/is situated/is located；stretching 2．attracted；majestic 3.Each season here has its beauty. 4．is most famous for/is best-known for【参考范文】
Mount Tai is situated in central Shandong Province，stretching over 200 kilometers.It is the center of the five Taoist Sacred Mountains.
North of the city of Tai'an stands Mount Tai's highest peak，rising to 1,545 meters above sea level.This mountain impresses visitors with its majestic and steep appeal，its summit Yuhuangding overlooking the surrounding valleys and dangerous peaks.Each season here has its beauty：bright flowers in full bloom covering the green slopes in spring，blue rivers running across the mountain with red maple leaves in fall.Mount Tai is most famous for its wonderful sunrise and sunset.
The modern world has also recognized the tourist and cultural values of Mount Tai.In 1987，it was included as a world natural and cultural heritage by UNESCO(联合国教科文组织)．Mount Tai warmly welcomes visitors from all over the world.课件22张PPT。Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1． vt.澄清；阐明
2． vt.折叠；对折
3． n.收藏品
4． vt.完成；达到；实现
5． n.矛盾；冲突
6． n.乡下；农村
7． n.可能(性)8． n.制服
9． n.塑像；雕像
10． adj.一致的
【答案】 1.clarify 2.fold 3.collection 4.accomplish 5．conflict 6.countryside 7.possibility 8.uniform 9．statue 10.consistentB．词汇拓展
11． vt.吸引→ n.吸引；吸引力
12． vt.(使)激动；(使)胆战心惊→ adj.令人激动的→ adj.激动的，兴奋的，高兴的
13． n.方便→ adj.方便的
14． adj.令人愉快→ v.享受
15． vt.布置→ adj.装配好家具的
16． n.描述；描写→ vt.描述【答案】 11.attract；attraction 12.thrill；thrilling；thrilled 13.convenience；convenient 14.enjoyable；enjoy 15.furnish；furnished 16.description；describe【答案】 1.consist of 2.to one's credit 3.break away(from) 4.代替 5.损坏；破坏 6.省略；遗漏；不考虑 7.把……分成B．用上面短语的适当形式完成下列句子
8．Can you a car to pick them up at the station?
9．The angry boy his mother and ran away.
10．The British Isles Britain，Ireland and many other small islands.
11．Mrs.Smith will our headmaster when he retired.
12．You have the most important word in this sentence.
【答案】 8.arrange for 9.broke away from 10.consists of 11.take the place of 12.left out3．There is no need to debate any more why different words are used to describe the four countries：England，Wales，Scotland and Northern Ireland.
【句式仿写】 不需要去商店，冰箱里有足够的食物。
go to the shops—there's plenty of food in the fridge.
4．What interested her most was the longitude line.
【句式仿写】 他把公司办成了今天这个样子。
He has made the company today.5．It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
【句式仿写】 真奇怪他今天早上起床那么晚。
It is strange up so late this morning.
【答案】 1.found myself surrounded 2.It is a great pity that 3.There is no need to 4.what it is 5.he should have got阅读理解之推理判断题(二)
预测推断题
有些内容文章中没有明确说明，要求考生根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行猜测推理。做这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较科学的、合情合理的猜测。(2012·课标全国卷·C)
[1]About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene.Although our “act” would last only for a short time，we could see quite a number of interesting things.
[2]We all stood at the far end of the studio as workmen prepared the scene，setting up trees at the edge of a winding path.Very soon，bright lights were turned on and the big movie-camera was wheeled into position. The director shouted something to the camera operator and then went to speak to the two famous actors nearby.Since it was hot in the studio，it came as a surprise to us to see one of the actors put on a heavy overcoat and start walking along the path.A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him，and soon the trees were covered in “snow”．Two more fans were turned on，and a “strong wind” blew through the trees.The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold. [3]The next scene was a complete contrast(对比)．The way it was filmed was quite unusual.Pictures taken on an island in the Pacific were shown on a glass screen.An actor and actress stood in front of the scene so that they looked as if they were at the water's edge on an island.By a simple trick like this，palm trees，sandy beaches，and blue，clear skies had been brought into the studio! [4]Since it was our turn next，we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us.For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film“stars”！66．What would happen in the “three minutes” mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．A new scene would be filmed.
B．More stars would act in the film.
C．The author would leave the studio.
D．The next scene would be prepared. 【解析】 A。考查推理判断题。根据题干“What would happen...in the last paragraph”的提问可知此题是要求猜测接下来可能发生的事情。根据文章第二段提到的拍摄寒冬的场景，第三段提到的拍摄沙滩的场景，以及最后一段中的“we were left wondering what scene would be prepared for us”可知，作者等人不知道接下来为他们准备的是什么场景，但是在他们的一生中将会有足足三分钟的时间体验作为电影明星的激动心情。因此，可以推断此处是指要拍摄新的场景，故选A。 解答预测推断题要注意把握句子与句子、段落与段落间的逻辑关系，了解篇章结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，判断逻辑发展方向，并利用过渡词、因果关系及对比关系等准确把握可能的结果或趋势。 We are in the computer age. We often see computers at work. They are especially useful in automatic control, data processing(数据处理)and solving complicated problems. And they are finding their way into the home. The part played by computers is becoming even more important with each passing day.More and cleverer computers will continue to appear. They will run faster, have more functions and work much more skillfully. They will take over more tasks from us, helping to change the face of our world. Some People even think that sooner or later computers will replace us.
However...Question: Which of the following statements will best continue in the third paragraph?
A．Computers will soon stop developing.
B．Many people like computers very much.
C．Computers are as clever as man.
D．I do not think computers will replace us completely.
【解析】 D。预测推断题。本文采用了对比关系法来描写，前面描写了计算机的长处，但作者用However一词预示着将引出相反的观点，故答案为D。
