福建高考英语阅读理解专项训练（含答案）

阅读理解
In a strawberry field surrounded by strawberry fields on the outskirts of Santa Maria, a pair of robots have been picking berries all summer.
Each robot, made by a Colorado company called Tortuga AgTech, rolls in the field on wheels, then stops in front of a plant. A mechanical arm operates its sensor among the leaves; machine vision software scans the sensor data in search of ripe berries. If an unripe berry is in the way, the robot repositions for a better angle. As nipper-grabber (夹爪) mounted in the middle of the sensors stretches to cut the berry’s stem (茎), then cautiously places it in awaiting plastic container at the robot’s base.
Tortuga’s robots are designed to pick strawberries from plants grown on hydroponic (水培的) tabletops, not the ground shadberries. The tabletop system enables Tortuga’s strawberry robots to work by making berms cower to be poked up with robotic arms and protecting the robots from direct exposure to the elements.
Since hitting this field last spring, the robots are on their way to picking nearly as many berries as human pickers, and with 95% accuracy, according to Tortuga. Unlike a human, the Tortuga robots don’t need breaks, can’t get sick, are always ready to work and can pick all day and into the night. With wages making up so much of a grower’s expense, the allure of a robots increased reliability and potential to become more cost-efficient over time is hard to resist.
I do think the best humans are going to be able to outperform robots at these judgment-driven tasks,” said Eric Adamson, Tortuga’s cofounder and chief executive. “But that’s OK. It doesn’t have to be better than every human; it just has to be better than enough people.”
Meanwhile, the team behind Tortuga sees agricultural robots as more than labor-saving devices. They see them as the only way that an industry facing climate change, land use and chemical regulation can adapt and survive.
1．How can the robot detect ripe strawberries
A．By analyzing the sensor data. B．By observing their positions.
C．By monitoring their stems. D．By testing them in containers.
2．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3
A．Add some relevant information. B．Provide some advice for growers.
C．Summarize the previous paragraphs. D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
3．What does the underlined word “allure” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Pressure. B．Appeal. C．Impact. D．Expansion.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Robots replacing human labor.
B．Urgent need for agricultural robots.
C．Robots shaping the future of strawberry.
D．Great challenges of future robots.
Why You Should Visit the Four Imperial Cities of Morocco
Fez
Fez is arguably the most storied of the four imperial (皇家的) cities. It was founded in the late 9th century and it served as a capital seven times, most recently in 1912. Thanks to its long run as a capital in different eras, the city is home to numerous historical museums and important monuments. Visit Fez to learn more about Morocco’s history, check out its unique architecture, and experience its energetic culture.
Marrakesh
Marrakesh was founded in the late 11th century and it served as the capital for four different dynasties. It is now considered the No.1 tourist destination in Morocco, with visitors from all over the world coming to see its luxury imperial palaces, splendid gardens, and ancient markets and try some of the best food in this part of the world.
Meknes
Meknes was Morocco’s capital between 1672 and 1727. Even this short period was enough to leave a lasting mark on the city in the form of old imperial palaces, castles, and gates. The city also has plenty of other fascinating things to check out, like the Museum of Moroccan Art, several old mosques (清真寺), old markets, and nearby Roman Ruins.
Rabat
Rabat is the current capital of the country. It was founded by the Almohad dynasty in the 12th century with this purpose, although it took until 1955 for the city to claim this status officially. There are numerous historical tourist attractions to check out in Rabat, including the Mausoleum of Mohamed V, the unfinished Hassan Tower, and the Chellah Roman Ruins. Being situated at the seaside also means that you will be able to have other activities besides sightseeing.
5．What is Fez famous for
A．Its luxury palaces. B．Its numerous art museums.
C．Its Roman Ruins. D．Its long term as a capital.
6．What can you see in both Marrakesh and Meknes
A．Old markets. B．Imperial castles.
C．Ancient mosques. D．A Splendid gardens
7．When was the current capital confirmed
A．In the 12th century. B．In the 17th century.
C．In the 19th century. D．In the 20th century.
It was a dream born in fire. Andrea Peterson was five when she and her mother were trapped on the ledge (窗台) of a burning building.
“Throw the kid down!” said one of the firemen below, and little Andrea leaped into lifesaving arms and a life-long ambition: She wanted to fight fires like her rescuers did.
She told that to the men who had saved her, and they laughed good-naturedly the way grown-ups do when a kid says they want to be an astronaut or a sports star. But this was back in a time when little girls weren’t even allowed to fantasize about such grand goals.
“You’ll be a good mommy,” the firemen told her, “you’ll be a good teacher, maybe you’ll be a nurse, but you can never be a fireman.”
And then, as it tends to do, life sidelined her dreams. She was studying for a degree in aviation (航空) technology — the only female in her class — and that’s where she met her husband, Dennis.
Later, Dennis was diagnosed with cancer, and Peterson spent 31 years caring for him. At 61, she went on an ambulance ride-along. It turned out to be a life-and-death situation, and Peterson felt that long-ago childhood calling. She earned her emergency medical technician license and responded to fire calls with the ambulance. She found that her years of tending to Dennis had prepared her for dealing with various hurts and ills.
After a year, she told her boss she wanted to be a firefighter.
The fact that everyone else in her training unit was between 18 and 21 didn’t stop her. She passed the written test, she cleared the physical and, finally, that little girl’s dream became a reality.
8．What inspired Peterson to be a firefighter
A．Her physical abilities. B．Her being rescued in fire.
C．Her mother’s expectation. D．Her lifesaving experience.
9．Why did the rescuers laugh about Peterson’s dream
A．They thought it was a satisfying dream.
B．They thought she was gifted in being a nurse.
C．They thought it was just a childish dream for a girl.
D．They thought kids should dream of being an astronaut.
10．Which words can best describe Peterson
A．Curious and wise. B．Talented and educated.
C．Creative and devoted. D．Determined and caring.
11．What can we know from the text
A．She was most experienced in her training unit.
B．Her dream came true because of her childhood calling.
C．Her aviation technology enabled her to realize her dream.
D．Years of attending her husband contributed to realizing her dream.
A study conducted by Cornell University examined how the use of AI in conversations impacts the way people express themselves and view each other.
The researchers have found people have more efficient conversations, use more positive language and perceive each other more positively when using an Al-enabled chat tool.
However, the group also found that when participants think their partner is using more AI-suggested responses, they consider that partner as less cooperative.
“I was surprised to find people tend to evaluate you more negatively simply because they suspect you’ re using AI to help compose text, regardless of whether you actually are,” said Jess Hohenstein, the lead researcher. “This illustrates the continuous overall doubt that people seem to have around AI.”
For their first experiment, participants were asked to talk about a policy issue and assigned to one of three conditions: both participants can use smart replies; only one participant can use smart replies; or neither participant can use smart replies. Researchers found that using smart replies increased communication efficiency, positive emotional language and positive evaluations by communication partners. On average, smart replies accounted for 14.3% of sent messages.
But participants who their partners suspected of responding with smart replies were evaluated more negatively than those who were thought to have typed their own responses, consistent with common assumptions about the negative implications of AI.
“While Al might be able to help you write,” Hohenstein said, “it’s altering your language in ways you might not expect, especially by making you sound more positive. This suggests that by using text-generating Al, you’re giving up some of your own personal voice.”
Malte Jung, an associate professor, said, “What we observe in this study is the impact that Al has on social dynamics and some of the unintended consequences that could result from integrating AI in social contexts. This suggests that whoever controls the algorithm(算法) may have influence on people’s interactions, language and insights into each other.”
12．What is the text mainly about
A．Methods of using AI in conversations.
B．Efficiency of using AI in conversations.
C．Convenience of using AI in conversations.
D．Impacts of using AI in conversations.
13．How do the researchers draw their conclusion
A．By analyzing figures. B．By making use of AI.
C．By making experiments. D．By completing questionnaires.
14．Which statement does Hohenstein agree with
A．Al always expresses in ways you expect.
B．Algorithm will never influence people’s insights.
C．Trust can be affected by using AI in conversation.
D．You will regain your voice by using AI in conversation.
15．How will a person feel about suspecting his partner’s using smart replies
A．Nervous. B．Uncomfortable. C．Excited. D．Puzzled.
All human languages use vowels and consonants (元音和辅音) to express ideas. Most primates (灵长类) communicate almost using vowel-like calls, but non-human great apes (猿), like chimpanzees, produce consonant-like sounds to varying degrees. This raises the question of where consonants came from, says Adriano Lameira at the University of Warwick. To find it out, he studied existing literature to see how common consonants are among the great apes.
He found that orangutans (猩猩), which spend most of their time in the trees, produce a greater number and variety of consonant sounds than gorillas and chimpanzees living on the ground. “Orangutans have rich sounds like kiss sounds, scrapes and clicks.” says Lameira. They typically use these sounds while building nests or commencing with their young.
Lameira thinks that living in the trees may explain that Great apes are exports at processing protected foods. Like nuts, which often requires tools. While living in trees, however, orangutans must always use at least one arm to maintain stability. They have therefore developed more complex control of their lips, tongues and jaws, allowing them to use their mouths as a “fifth limb” orangutans can peel oranges just with lips, for example.
This advanced motor skill enables orangutans make consonant-like sounds, argues Lameira. This could mean that our early ancestors developed consonant sounds while hanging around in the trees, too. “There’s a growing sense that our dependency on trees was much larger and deeper than we think,” says Lameira.
The link between feeding and sounds doesn’t apply to smaller tree-living primates like monkeys, argues Lameira, because their size and tails make them more stable on branches and they eat differently.
“This is an interesting assumption worth testing,” says Chris Petkov at Newcastle University, though he questions some aspects. As humans aren’t tree-living, there must be other reasons why consonants remain, which could be tested by characterising consonant-like sounds more systematically across species, he says.
16．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．Why vowels and consonants are used. B．What ideas the consonants express.
C．Where the consonants came from. D．How common the consonants are.
17．What fact can support Adriano Lamerica’s assumption about orangutans
A．They build nests with their young. B．They are skillful in employing tools.
C．They show stability in controlling arms. D．They gain advanced motor skill of mouths.
18．What can we infer from Adriano Lameira’s findings
A．Consonant sounds were made by our earliest ancestors.
B．Our ancestors depended more on trees than believed.
C．The link between feeding and sounds applies to monkeys.
D．Monkeys differ from orangutans in eating habits.
19．What is Chris Petkov’s attitude to Adriano Lameira’s assumption
A．Opposed. B．Puzzled. C．Confident. D．Cautious.
Removing footwear before going into someone else’s house is seen as a sign of respect in certain cultures. Yet in the U.S., many worry that this request comes across as rude. But there may be good reason for you to ban shoes indoors.
A 2018 survey showed that a significant 87% of Americans report taking off their shoes while at home. 31% say they will “always” remove their shoes inside their house, while 26% say they do so “most of the time.”
But when it comes to asking guests to do the same, the prevalence is much lower. Around 50% of Americans admit that they never ask guests to take off their shoes. And out of those who specifically say they always take off their own shoes at home, only 25 % said they expect that the same from their visitors.
Maybe you think it’s rude to do so. Or maybe you see it as an inconvenience. Regardless of the reason for your hesitation, experts say you really should be making sure people leave their footwear at the front door. A no shoe policy can help maintain cleanliness and hygiene (卫生).
According to Godoy, a cleaning expert, banning outdoor footwear can “significantly reduce” the amount of dirt being tracked indoors.
Wearing shoes indoors can introduce bacteria and other stuff to your floors, which can build up over time and turn into a real problem. In fact, a major study from microbiologist Charles Gerba found that harmful bacteria such as coliform and E. coli can be detected on the outside of 96% of shoes. These contaminants (污染物) can then be spread throughout the home when people walk around indoors with their shoes on.
“Removing shoes at the door can help prevent the spread of these contaminants and promote a cleaner, healthier living environment,” says Zeeshan Afzal, a medical doctor.
20．What can be learned about the 2018 survey
A．26% of those surveyed ask guests to take off their shoes.
B．31% of those surveyed take off their shoes when visiting friends.
C．More than half of those surveyed tend to take off shoes at home.
D．Most of those surveyed realize the benefits of taking off shoes at home.
21．What does the underlined word “prevalence” probably mean
A．Popularity. B．Suggestion. C．Introduction. D．Similarity.
22．Which is the purpose of removing shoes indoors
A．To keep out bnetern B．To protect C．To meet hosts’ need D．To remove communicate
23．What is the best title of the passage
A．Taking off Shoes Indoors Convenient
B．Taking off Shoes Indoors a Custom
C．Taking off Shoes Indoors a Must
D．Taking off Shoes Indoors Fashlonnble
An English mother, Liz Pinfield-Wells, has recycled more than 2,600 pounds (1,200 kg) of trash (垃圾) through a DIY recycling center in her garden shed (棚) in Dawley Shropshire. Pinfield-Wells established the recycling center after the birth of her third child when she discovered that her town’s roadside recycling program did not accept certain items.
The recycling center accepts 30 different categories of recyclable waste. Pin field-Wells encouraged the public to leave their mixed recycled items at the end of her driveway, and dozens of residents have since dropped off their trash in her shed. She has even accepted Pringles tubes, which have metal and plastic components and should not be placed in the roadside bin. “Setting up the recycling drop-off center, in my front garden has hopefully helped the community to recycle more. It can sometimes seem a little difficult knowing where to start but with every small step, it gets that little bit easier,” she said.
Every month, she sends the collected items in vacuum-packed (真空包装的) bags to TerraCycle, a firm that turns the waste into small plastic balls for use in other products, such as watering cans and benches. The weight of the trash is then changed into points for money, which can be paid out twice a year to a charity or sports organization of her choice.
In the last three years, Pinfield-Wells has raised more than 1,000, which she has donated to her 14-year-old daughter Zoe’s gymnastic group to buy new equipment. She has also donated money to another local charity to buy woodchips for their community garden.
Pinfield-Wells hopes that her recycling center will raise awareness about the importance of recycling and encourage others to take small steps to reduce their carbon footprint. She has created a Facebook group for here eco-center recycling shed, which now has over 1,000 members.
24．What inspired Liz to start the program
A．Overloading trash. B．Her preference for DIY practice.
C．Her children’s encouragement. D．Limitation of local trash service.
25．What does TerraCycle do
A．It develops plastic tubes.
B．It produces vacuum-packed bags.
C．It processes waste into small plastic balls.
D．It supplies woodchips for community gardens.
26．What is Liz’s expectation of her center
A．It will get new equipment. B．It will boost community economy.
C．It will replace the local trash service. D．It will motivate more people to take action.
27．Which of the following best describes Liz Pinfield-Wells
A．Ambitious and intelligent. B．Responsible and thoughtful.
C．Adventurous and determined. D．Pioneering and humble.
During the summer of 2021, Beverly Wax had an experience that filled her with awe. It was the sight of her son, Justin, dragging a 36-kilogram portable air conditioner upstairs. Beverly’s central air conditioning had stopped working in the middle of a 32℃ heat wave. She had mentioned to her son and he’d shown up as a surprise. As she watched him sweat and struggle while fixing it, she felt a wave of gratitude and appreciation.
Awe is that feeling we get when something is so vast that it stops us in our tracks. Often, it challenges or expands our thinking. Research shows that awe experiences decrease stress and increase overall satisfaction. It can also help our relationships, making us feel more sympathetic and less greedy, more supported by and more likely to help others.
Most of us associate awe with something rare and beautiful: nature, music or a spiritual experience. But people can bring about awe, and not just public heroes. Often, this interpersonal awe is a response to life’s big, sweeping changes. We can be awed by our nearest and dearest — the people sitting next to us on the sofa, or chatting on the phone. But it happens in smaller moments, too. John Bargh, a psychologist, said he was truly awestruck by his then-five-year-old daughter. When she heard another child crying, she grabbed her toy, walked over to the boy and handed it to him.
Unfortunately, we can’t make someone else behave in a way that’s awesome. But we can prepare ourselves to notice it when they do — and take steps to boost the emotion’s positive effects.
28．Why does the writer tell Beverly’s story
A．To show sympathy for her. B．To cite an example of awe.
C．To express appreciation to her son. D．To start a discussion about awe.
29．What is the benefit of awe
A．It stops our anxiety. B．simplifies our thinking.
C．It satisfies regular needs. D．It promotes positive emotions.
30．In which situation can we feel awed between the nearest
A．Admiring scenery in a national park.
B．Enjoying classic music in a concert hall.
C．Receiving a call from a long-lost friend.
D．Getting the signature of a famous athlete.
31．What can be implied from the last paragraph
A．Arise in time of trouble.
B．Behave in an awesome way.
C．Sense amazement in daily life.
D．Increase chance of finding awe.
One summer midnight, standing outside a wooden house in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, I looked up. The sight of thousands of stars was almost enough to make me, a non-believer, offer a word of gratitude up into the star-filled sky. But to whom Perhaps to Johan Eklof, author of The Darkness Manifesto.
A bat scientist, Eklof works in the night shadows in western Sweden. His work requires an absolute kind of darkness unpolluted by light. But this category of darkness is threatened. In the 1980s, Eklof tells readers, two-thirds of the churches in Sweden housed bat caves. Not any longer. “Today, this number has been reduced by a third due to light pollution, because the churches all glow brightly in the night.” he writes.
We have all noticed it when driving through any city at night. Empty places are floodlit. The night sky in Hong Kong is 1200 times brighter than an unlit one. Citizens of some large cities, writes Eklof, have never allowed their eyes to adapt to true night vision. But we are only now beginning to understand the effects.
Too much light is incredibly destructive to the complex eco-systems many animals inhabit. It scares away the bats that Eklof studies; reef fish eggs go unhatched; birds forget to even sing.
So how can we deal with the too much light In 2019, France passed laws limiting how much light can be sent into the sky. In Vienna, Austria, the city’s lights are turned off at 11 p.m. Some measures, like artificial lights that do not reflect light upward, are already within our grasp. “We could just turn it all off, but I guess we don’t want to, because darkness is not safe for everyone.” said Eklof in a recent interview. “So it’s vital we find a middle way.”
Right now, it’s hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50 years, every city could be lit by environmentally low-impact lights, or we might have completely forgotten what darkness is — the sky filled with little moons.
32．What do we know about Eklofs work
A．It reduces light pollution. B．It focuses on stars and sky.
C．It strengthens people’s belief. D．It requires a specific condition.
33．What can replace the underlined “it” in meaning in paragraph 3
A．Darkness. B．An unlit city.
C．Floodlighting. D．The night sky.
34．What are paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about regarding light pollution
A．Cause and damage. B．Effect and solution.
C．Consequence and disadvantage. D．Analysis and potential.
35．What is the writer’s attitude toward lighting management
A．Balanced. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Conservative.
These science-themed field trips will offer you fantastic experiences.
London’s sites of scientific interest
Explore London’s notable sites of scientific interest along the River Thames, starting at Kew Bridge and walking to the Thames Barrier during the day with talks in the evening with some professors.
Visit the London Wetland Centre, Kew Gardens, Battersea Power Station, and the Greenwich Observatory. You will never be far from the river as you experience a wide range of topics including wildlife, medicine, power generation, engineering, physics and astronomy.
The science history of Scotland
Discover Edinburgh and Glasgow’s most famous scientific thinkers, and learn how their ideas supported our emerging understanding of the world from the 16th century onwards.
Enjoy expert talks and explore key sites from the Scottish Enlightenment (启蒙). Learn about the wide cast of advocates and hear from guest speakers, take part in walking seminars (研讨会) and enjoy several museum trips, as well as visits to two industrial wonders, the Falkirk Wheel and the Whitelee Windfarm.
Pre-Historic Southwest England
Involve yourself in the early human periods the Bronze and Iron Ages. A gentle walking tour that explores the pre-historic origins and evidence across Wiltshire and Dorset.
Visit several National Trust, English Heritage and UNESCO listed sites including Stonehenge and Maiden Castle and hear talks from the directors of the Wiltshire and Salisbury museums.
36．Which site can you visit along the River Thames
A．Maiden Castle.
B．The Falkirk Wheel.
C．The Wetland Centre.
D．The Salisbury museums.
37．What is the visit to the Southwest England aimed at
A．A closer look at the past.
B．A brief exposure to nature.
C．A new view about mysteries.
D．A deeper understanding of art.
38．What can visitors expect during all the three trips
A．Talks with experts.
B．Visits to museums.
C．History explorations.
D．Scientific researches.
Having studied John Berger’s Ways of Seeing, you will write a four-page image analysis essay and interpret what you “see” when you study the visual text. Your focus is not simply to describe the visual text you’re analyzing, but to explain to the readers the argument you believe is proposed by the visual text.
Context:
Some visual texts can motivate, persuade and/or influence. Advertisements, political cartoons, art or campaign posters that are concerned with social or political issues are examples of this category of visual text. We are surrounded everyday by visual arguments or attempts at persuasion.
Instructions:
◆ Select a visual text that you believe presents an argument to its viewers.
◆ Briefly study the visual text you’ve selected and underline the central argument its designers are trying to make.
◆ Analyze the design elements used and the organization of the text in order to determine some of the decisions the designer or artist has made.
◆ Use the process of “observation/inference/evaluation” to check your essay and determine the tools the designer or artist is using to persuade you.
Schedule & Due Date:
(All work is due at the beginning of class on the dates listed below; late work will be downgraded.)
March 1st: Select three visual texts for assignment consideration.
March 20th: Berger-typed drafts due/peer-editing workshop.
March 22nd: a four-page essay, free write with image & arts show due; Class presentation (25% of your grade).
39．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper.
C．A course assignment. D．An academic article.
40．What is the essay expected to center on
A．Description of the visual text B．Explanation of the visual argument.
C．Introduction of the design elements. D．Evaluation of the design tools.
41．What will happen if you submit the essay after March 22nd
A．You will get a lower score. B．You will receive a zero.
C．You will be given a test. D．You will have to rewrite it.
“Shyness can stop you from doing all the things in life that you’d like to,” the Smiths once sang. However, research suggests that may not be the case when working as a team.
Researchers have found that when animals temper their personalities because of social rules, the efficiency of a group to undertake risky missions—such as foraging (觅食) for food—is boosted. “We see this phenomenon happening when we mix together a school of fish with wildly different personalities: the very fearless individuals and the very shy individuals tend to control what they would normally be doing when they stick with the rest of the group,” said Dr. Sean Rands, the lead author of the research at the University of Bristol.
Writing in the journal PLoS Computational Biology, the researchers reported how they built a computer model to investigate the impact of social conventions and animals’ personalities on the movement of individuals within a group. The model was based on an assumption in which a group of animals in a safe “home” set out to travel to a food foraging site some distance away.
The results revealed that when no social conventions were in place, their movements were governed by their personalities alone—in other words how fearless or shy they were determined how quickly they left home and arrived at the foraging site. However, when social conventions were introduced, so that the individuals had to keep an eye on each other and adjust their movements accordingly, the impact of personality reduced with less variation in how quickly they reached the destination. The team found where social conventions were present, the group foraged more efficiently than when individuals behaved independently. “We find that if individuals pay attention to the other members of the group, the group will tend to remain at the safe site for longer, but then travel faster towards the foraging site,” the team wrote.
Rands added that for many social animals, being part of a group can bring huge benefits, and these can outweigh the influence of personality.
42．Why are the Smiths’ words mentioned in paragraph 1
A．To give an example.
B．To make a comparison.
C．To lead in the topic.
D．To introduce the background.
43．What will individuals do while staying with a group
A．Adjust their behavior.
B．Take on risky missions.
C．Ignore social rules.
D．Travel to a distant foraging site.
44．What can we infer from the results
A．Personalities alone determine movements.
B．Individuals prefer to behave independently.
C．Group work increases exposure to potential risks.
D．Social conventions contribute to working efficiency.
45．What is the best title for the text
A．Be Part of a Group
B．Stay True to Yourself
C．Get Rid of Your Shyness
D．Control Your Personalities
Feeling a hug from each other via the internet may be a possibility in the near future. A research team led by City University of Hong Kong recently developed a wireless, soft e-skin that can both detect and deliver the sense of touch, and form a touch network allowing one-to-multiuser interaction. It offers great potential for improving the distance touch communication.
While there are numerous devices in the market to simulate (模拟) the sense of touch in the virtual world, they provide only touch sensing or touch response. The uniqueness of the novel e-skin is that it can perform self-sensing and touch reproducing functions on the same interface.
The e-skin is a 7cm×l0cm, 4.2mm-thick device containing 16 flexible actuators (驱动器), a microcontroller unit, a Bluetooth module, and other electronics on a flexible circuit board. The actuator serves as the core part of the e-skin. Once the actuator is pressed and released by a force, a current is produced to provide electrical signals that are turned into digital signals by a converter (转换器) and then sent to another e-skin via Bluetooth. When the signals are received, a current is caused to reproduce the touch response on the receiver’s e-skin through mechanical vibration (振动). The process can be reversed to deliver vibrations from the receiver’s e-skin to the corresponding actuator of the sender’s.
The e-skin can communicate with Bluetooth devices and send data through the internet with smartphones and computers to perform long-distance touch, and to form a touch Internet of Things (IoT) system, where one-to-one and one-to-multiple touch delivery could be realized. Friends and family in different places could use it to “feel” each other. This form of touch overcomes the limitations of space and greatly reduces the sense of distance in human communication.
Next, the research team will focus on practical applications for people with visual disability, who could wear the e-skin to gain remote directional guidance and read Braille messages.
46．What is the unique feature of the e-skin
A．It provides hugs for users.
B．It builds a social network.
C．It provides touch sensing and copying,
D．It monitors the process of self-sensing.
47．What does the underlined word “reversed” mean
A．Started. B．Disturbed. C．Completed. D．Exchanged.
48．What can we learn about e-skin
A．It strengthens bonds across distance.
B．Its converter vibrates when working.
C．It sends electrical signals to receivers.
D．Its system delivers touch with phones.
49．What would be the best title of the text
A．A signal-sending application
B．An invention for the disabled
C．A device for virtual interaction
D．A long distance communication
Lin Xi, a 26-year-old lady engaged in electronic disassembly (拆卸)art has proved with her experience that no effort is in vain.
Lin’s work is to tear apart used electronic products and then present the components in an artistic way. “After being put back together, the one dusty items will become exhibition pieces that remind the owners of their childhood experience, a period of hard work or a deep-rooted memory, ” she says. Initially, Lin has to contact her customers to learn the stories behind each one and the type of presentation they prefer. Then comes the disassembly. The components, after being carefully cleaned, will be laid out on a piece of white paper in the desired order. The final step is to use graphics software, Photoshop, to draw and print a base plate.
Lin gained her popularity on short-video platform Douyin. However, it was not luck that brought Lin her current success. She first tried her hand at livestreaming in 2017 as a performer singing popular songs on Douyin. At the time she was a senior at Beijing Foreign Studies University. After graduation, she went to the UK for further study. During her one-year stay abroad, Lin visited many museums and appreciated exhibitions on different subjects, varying from insects to dols. She was so fascinated by an exhibit of used light bulbs, which gave her the inspiration to disassemble electronics and present the components like a decorative painting. She returned to China in 2019 and taught herself how to use digital design software.
Before officially starting her business, Lin surveyed her followers to see whether they would be interested in buying electronic disassembly art. It is important to know who your target audience is when running social media accounts, she explains. Speaking of the future, she notes that there are no big plans, but she will keep focusing on her daily work.
50．What is the first step of Lin’s work
A．Tearing apart electronic products.
B．Communicating with the customers.
C．Cleaning the components carefully.
D．Presenting the components artistically.
51．What made Lin Xi start her business
A．Software Photoshop. B．Platform Douyin.
C．An exhibition. D．A painting.
52．Why did Lin Xi conduct a survey
A．To satisfy her own curiosity.
B．To locate her target audience.
C．To make her followers interested.
D．To promote her social media account.
53．What can best describe Lin Xi
A．Brilliant and caring.
B．Careful and ambitious.
C．Generous and determined.
D．Creative and organized.
China Daily, February 28th, 2023-MOSS, the first large-scale conversational language model in China, will be made open-source software by the end of March, according to its research and development team.
Named after the artificial intelligence-based computer that controls the space station in the popular Chinese sci-fi film, The Wandering Earth II, MOSS became the first ChatGPT-like software to be released in China. It was made available for public testing on Feb 20. Many people were quick to test the software and share their experiences online. The traffic was so heavy that the platform had to be suspended for an upgrade.
“The plan is to have MOSS interact with humans for a month so as to optimize it. If everything goes well, it will be made open source by the end of March, ” Qiu Xipeng, director of the Natural Language Processing Committee of the Shanghai Computer Society, which is leading the R&D, told during the 2023 Global Artificial Intelligence Developers Conference in Shanghai on Sunday.
Making MOSS open-source software can effectively reduce the threshold (门槛)for the development and application of pre-trained language models, thus allowing small and medium-sized enterprises to develop various products, such as smart customer service, smart home and AI lawyers on the basis of it. Qiu said, “MOSS still has a lot of room for improvement, but its appearance proves that the domestic scientific research team has the ability to overcome important technical challenges on the way to developing ChatGPT-like products. ”
“We want to share MOSS and its model codes and development experiences with everyone, and hope that China can be at the forefront of the world in terms of large-scale language models. We look forward to the continued cooperation between the Fudan team and the Shanghai laboratory, through MOSS and subsequent research and exploration, to promote AI inclusiveness and authorize the domestic AI industry as soon as possible, ” he added.
54．What can we learn from paragraph 2
A．MOSS proved to be perfect.
B．The public testing went smoothly.
C．The test platform was overcrowded.
D．China first released ChatGPT-like software.
55．What does the underlined word “optimize” mean in paragraph 3
A．Replace.
B．Highlight.
C．Improve.
D．Maintain.
56．What may prevent China developing ChatGPT-like products
A．Pre-trained language models.
B．Various related smart products.
C．Space for MOSS improvement.
D．Key technical difficulties.
57．Which aspect of the research does the last paragraph focus on
A．Its vision.
B．Its challenges.
C．Its achievements.
D．Its significance.
A few years ago, David, a top manager, thought his life wasn’t moving forward. So he started to set himself 30-day challenges. The idea was simple: think of something you want to add to your life-or to give up-and try it every day for 30 days.
David began with easy projects like going to work by bike, not watching TV and giving up sugar. Then he tried more difficult ones, like writing a novel in 30 days. David learned that if you do something for 30 days. it can become a habit. If you stop doing something for 30 days, you can break the habit. As he did harder challenges, he got more confident. He learned that he could do something if he really wanted to do it. After doing the challenges for a few months, he had enough confidence to climb the highest mountain in Africa.
David gave an online talk about how the challenges changed his life. More than 5 million people around the world have watched his talk and the 30-day challenge quickly became very popular.
58．What was David a few years ago
A．A doctor. B．A manager. C．A teacher. D．A soldier.
59．What is one of David’s more difficult projects
A．Going to work by bike. B．Not watching TV.
C．Writing a novel. D．Giving up sugar.
60．How did David feel as he did harder challenges
A．More careful B．More confident.
C．Less lucky. D．Less comfortable.
61．What would be the best title for the text
A．A working report. B．The life in Africa.
C．An important notice. D．The 30-day challenge
Nowadays, many of us spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. The result is that our Brain easily feels tired. We need to give the brain a rest, but how
David Strayer is a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. He claims that camping may be just what a tech-tired brain needs. His argument finds strong support from Carl and Kate, two experienced campers. Carl, who works for a mobile phone company, says that being outdoors makes him feel relaxed. It also prepares him for the work he must do. “Camping gives us a chance to be in touch with nature and it’s very relaxing. When you return to work on Monday, you’re in a better state of mind. I really like the way I feel on Monday. Kate is a senior editor. She says camping brings her some peace she couldn’t have otherwise. She even finds herself more creative.”
David Strayer explains that camping allows close contact with nature and being in nature calms the brain and helps it to focus. When people go camping, they need to learn about animals and natural environments; they have to deal with the weather, learn to stay dry in the rain or warm in the snow and have to keep the feet in good condition when hiking and walking.
Some might say that taking a long walk in the woods or by the ocean or in a city park is wonderful, too. But camping requires that one spend more time in nature and it can test him in different ways. And it brings more health benefit as well.
62．What is the result of using electronic devices too much
A．We will waste time. B．Our study will be influenced.
C．Our brain will feel tired. D．Our brain will be refreshed.
63．How does Carl feel after camping
A．Relaxed B．Calm C．Warm D．Peaceful
64．Why does the author take Carl and Kate as examples
A．To share a good camping site. B．To share their work experiences.
C．To show their interest in camping. D．To show advantages of camping
65．Which of the following is the benefit of camping
A．It helps us learn more about nature. B．It helps protect the environment.
C．It teaches us to keep warm in the rain. D．It teaches us to avoid difficult situations.
Earthwatch expeditions pair researchers with volunteers to address some of the world’s most pressing environmental challenges. Explore our current expeditions to discover how you can make a difference.
Climate Change at the Arctie’s Edge
Northern ecosystems are being transformed by climate change. Join this long-term monitoring effort to explore what these changes mean for the arctic and the rest of the world.
Location: Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
Activity Level: Moderate
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible; Research Station; Internet access
Food: buffet-style meals; Special diets accommodated
Amazon Riverboat Exploration
Aboard a riverboat deep in the heart of Peru’s flooded Amazon region, you’ll help to conserve river dolphins and monkeys, and protect the fragile South American wilderness.
Location: Samiria River, Peru
Activity Level: Very Active
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible
Food: Chef-prepared meals
Conserving Threatened Rhinos in South Africa
Rhinos are believed to play an important role as “ecosystem engineers”. Help scientists to understand their impact on the environment to help conserve and manage rhinos in South Africa.
Location: Northwest Province, South Africa
Activity Level: Moderate
Accommodations: Single Rooms possible; Double Rooms possible; Wilderness Camp
Food: Chef-prepared meals; Special diets accommodated
Conserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in Mexico
Assist researchers in collecting data on water quality and land use in an ancient agricultural ecosystem within the wetlands of Xochimilco.
Location: Xochimilco, Mexico
Activity Level: Easy
Accommodations: Double Rooms possible; House Internet access
Food: Chef-prepared meals
66．What are the volunteers required to do in Canada
A．Collect data on water quality. B．Observe Arctic’s climate change.
C．Change northern ecosystem. D．Rebuild the flooded region.
67．What do the expeditions in Peru and South Africa have in common
A．Wildlife protection. B．Water activities.
C．Various accommodations. D．Independent research.
68．Which expedition is suitable for a beginner volunteer
A．Amazon Riverboat Exploration.
B．Climate Change at the Arctic’s Edge.
C．Conserving Threatened Rhinos in South Africa.
D．Conserving Wetlands and Traditional Agriculture in Mexico.
Officials in New York City are using technology to cut down on noise on city streets. Cameras equipped with radar (雷达) sound collectors identify loud vehicles in an effort to catch drivers violating (违反) noise rules. New York officials say at least 71 people have received tines for operating cars or trucks that make too much noise. The city’s Department of Environmental Protection now has plans to expand the use of technology to enforce (强制执行) noise rules.
City Council member Erik Bottcher told the Associated Press. (AP) vehicles with illegally changed parts can produce extremely loud sounds. He said they have been a growing problem in recent years. Bottcher supports the use of radar to reduce noise in the city.
New York City already has some of the strongest rules in the country aimed at limiting noise on city streets. It has set permissible noise levels for building-tools and vehicles. The new devices record the vehicle numbers of offenders, who then receive a violation notice in the mail. Owners face fines of 800 for their first noise offense. Some could. be required to pay up to $2, 625 if they have three violations and ignore court hearings.
The AP says there is evidence to support the idea that noise affects not only hearing but also mood and mental health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCP)even says there are possible links between noise and higher risks for heart disease and raised blood pressure.
However, some people in the city say the government efforts to quiet loud vehicles have gone too far. One person opposed to the policy is Phillip Franklin, a 30-year-old car lover from the Bronx area of New York. He launched an online effort to protest noise rules. “The majority of us. live here in New York City, where noise is a part of our daily lives,” said a document explaining. his effort. Franklin noted that quiet vehicles can also present dangers to inattentive individuals walking around New York City.
69．What can we infer from Paragraph 1
A．Technology is key in noise reduction.
B．Cases of violating noise rules are reduced.
C．More people will be punished for loud vehicles.
D．The efforts to identify loud vehicles seemed in vain.
70．What is a concern according to Bottcher
A．The wide use of radar. B．Increasing loud vehicles.
C．The setting of noise levels. D．Illegally changed vehicles.
71．What is the purpose of Paragraph 4
A．To summarize the previous paragraphs. B．To provide some proof for the policy.
C．To add some background information. D．To introduce a new topic for discussion.
72．What conclusion can we draw from the text.
A．New Yorkers are all used to loud noise
B．Not all people approve of the noise rules
C．Noise has nothing to do with high blood pressure.
D．Quiet vehicles will cause safety problems.
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A．Some great prices. B．Discounted restaurant offers.
C．Flight priority. D．Free delivery.
74．How much will you save if you subscribe for 12 issues
A． 22.99. B． 24.89. C． 24.99. D． 47.88.
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参考答案：
1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是采摘草莓的机器人以及它的前景。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“A mechanical arm operates its sensor among the leaves; machine vision software scans the sensor data in search of ripe berries.(机械臂在树叶间操纵传感器；机器视觉软件扫描传感器数据，寻找成熟的浆果。)”可知，机器人通过对传感器数据的分析检测成熟的草莓，故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Tortuga’s robots are designed to pick strawberries from plants grown on hydroponic (水培的) tabletops, not the ground shadberries. The tabletop system enables Tortuga’s strawberry robots to work by making berms cower to be poked up with robotic arms and protecting the robots from direct exposure to the elements.(Tortuga的机器人被设计用来从水培桌上种植的植物中采摘草莓，而不是地面上的树莓。桌面系统使Tortuga的草莓机器人能够工作，通过使窄道降低，并用机械手臂戳起，保护机器人不直接暴露在环境中。)”可知，作者在第3段打算添加一些关于这种机器人的相关信息。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。根据倒数第三段的“a robots increased reliability and potential to become more cost-efficient(机器人提高了可靠性，并有可能变得更具成本效益)”和“wages making up so much of a grower’s expense(工资占了种植者开支的很大一部分)”可知，机器人更可靠，可以节约成本，所以这种吸引力是难以抗拒的，划线词allure的意思是“吸引力”，和appeal意思相近，故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“Each robot, made by a Colorado company called Tortuga AgTech, rolls in the field on wheels, then stops in front of a plant. A mechanical arm operates its sensor among the leaves; machine vision software scans the sensor data in search of ripe berries.(每个机器人都是由科罗拉多州一家名为Tortuga AgTech的公司制造的，它们带着轮子在田地里滚动，然后停在植物前面。机械臂在树叶间操纵传感器；机器视觉软件扫描传感器数据，寻找成熟的浆果。)”和最后一段的“Meanwhile, the team behind Tortuga sees agricultural robots as more than labor-saving devices. They see them as the only way that an industry facing climate change, land use and chemical regulation can adapt and survive.(与此同时，Tortuga背后的团队认为农业机器人不仅仅是节省劳动力的设备。他们认为，这是一个面临气候变化、土地使用和化学品监管的行业适应和生存的唯一途径。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是采摘草莓的机器人以及它的前景，C选项“Robots shaping the future of strawberry.(机器人塑造草莓的未来)”是文章的主旨，故选C。
5．D 6．A 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是摩洛哥的四大皇城。
5．细节理解题。根据Fez部分中的“Fez is arguably the most storied of the four imperial (皇家的) cities. It was founded in the late 9th century and it served as a capital seven times, most recently in 1912.( Fez可以说是四大皇城中最具传奇色彩的一座。它建于9世纪末，曾七次作为首都，最近一次是在1912年。)”可知，Fez是四个皇城中最具传奇色彩的，曾7次封为首都，因此可知，它因为长期作为首都而出名。故选D项。
6．细节理解题。根据Marrakesh部分中的“It is now considered the No.1 tourist destination in Morocco, with visitors from all over the world coming to see its luxury imperial palaces, splendid gardens, and ancient markets and try some of the best food in this part of the world.(现在，它被认为是摩洛哥的头号旅游目的地，来自世界各地的游客都来这里参观豪华的皇家宫殿、壮丽的花园和古老的市场，品尝世界上最好的食物。)”以及Meknes部分中的“The city also has plenty of other fascinating things to check out, like the Museum of Moroccan Art, several old mosques (清真寺), old markets, and nearby Roman Ruins.(这座城市还有很多其他迷人的地方值得一看，比如摩洛哥艺术博物馆、几座古老的清真寺、古老的市场和附近的罗马遗址。)”可知，这两处皇城中都可以看到古老的市场。故选A项。
7．细节理解题。根据Rabat中的“It was founded by the Almohad dynasty in the 12th century with this purpose, although it took until 1955 for the city to claim this status officially.(它是由阿尔莫哈德王朝在12世纪建立的，目的是为了这个目的，尽管直到1955年这座城市才正式宣布这一地位。)”可知，Raba是在12世纪的时候建立，到1995年才正式宣布成为现在的首都。故选D项。
8．B 9．C 10．D 11．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是名叫Andrea Peterson的小女孩五岁时在一次火灾中被救，立志要成为一名消防员，克服了种种障碍后，终于实现了自己的梦想。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段中的““Throw the kid down!” said one of the firemen below, and little Andrea leaped into lifesaving arms and a life-long ambition: She wanted to fight fires like her rescuers did.(“把孩子放下来！”下面的一名消防员说，小Andrea跳进了救生员的怀抱，实现了她一生的梦想：她想像救援人员一样扑灭大火)”可知，在小Andrea被救后，她就有了要成为消防员的终生梦想。故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“She told that to the men who had saved her, and they laughed good-naturedly the way grown-ups do when a kid says they want to be an astronaut or a sports star.(她把这些话告诉了那些救过她的人，他们善意地笑了起来，就像大人们听到孩子说他们想成为宇航员或体育明星那样)”可推知，在这些救援者眼里，她的梦想就如同孩子说自己想要成为宇航员一样的幼稚。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段中的““Throw the kid down!” said one of the firemen below, and little Andrea leaped into lifesaving arms and a life-long ambition: She wanted to fight fires like her rescuers did.(“把孩子放下来！”下面的一名消防员说，小Andrea跳进了救生员的怀抱，实现了她一生的梦想：她想像救援人员一样扑灭大火)”可知，小Andrea在五岁就有了想成为消防员的梦想，以及第六段中的“At 61, she went on an ambulance ride-along. It turned out to be a life-and-death situation, and Peterson felt that long-ago childhood calling.(61岁时，她上了救护车。这是一个生死攸关的情况，Peterson感到了很久以前童年时代的召唤)”可知，61岁的她感受到了童年梦想的召唤，在最后一段中“The fact that everyone else in her training unit was between 18 and 21 didn’t stop her. She passed the written test, she cleared the physical and, finally, that little girl’s dream became a reality.(虽然她的训练组里其他人都在18到21岁之间，但这并没有阻止她。她通过了笔试，通过了体检，最后，那个小女孩的梦想成为了现实)”讲述的是最终实现了梦想。由此推知，Peterson是意志坚定的；根据倒数第三段中的“Later, Dennis was diagnosed with cancer, and Peterson spent 31 years caring for him.(后来，Dennis被诊断出患有癌症，Peterson花了31年的时间照顾他。)”可知，她照顾她的丈夫31年，说明她很关心人。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Later, Dennis was diagnosed with cancer, and Peterson spent 31 years caring for him.(后来，Dennis被诊断出患有癌症，Peterson花了31年的时间照顾他)”可知，Peterson照顾她丈夫31年，以及下文中的“She found that her years of tending to Dennis had prepared her for dealing with various hurts and ills.(她发现，多年来对Dennis的照顾使她为应对各种伤害和疾病做好了准备)”可知，她在照顾她丈夫过程中，让她应对各种疾病和伤害做好准备。由此推知，她多年照顾她丈夫促进了实现她的梦想。故选D项。
12．D 13．C 14．C 15．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是一项研究解释了人工智能是如何影响人们表达自己和看待彼此的。
12．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“A study conducted by Cornell University examined how the use of AI in conversations impacts the way people express themselves and view each other.(康奈尔大学进行的一项研究调查了人工智能在对话中的使用如何影响人们表达自己和看待彼此的方式。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是在对话中使用人工智能的影响。故选D项。
13．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“For their first experiment, participants were asked to talk about a policy issue and assigned to one of three conditions: both participants can use smart replies; only one participant can use smart replies; or neither participant can use smart replies.Researchers found that using smart replies increased communication efficiency, positive emotional language and positive evaluations by communication partners.(在他们的第一个实验中，参与者被要求谈论一个政策问题，并被分配到三个条件中的一个：两个参与者都可以使用智能回答；只有一个参与者可以使用智能回复；或者两个参与者都不能使用智能回复。研究人员发现，使用智能回复可以提高沟通效率、积极的情感语言和沟通伙伴的积极评价。)”可知，研究者将参与者分成三个条件之一，研究发现，使用智能回复可以提高沟通效率，由此可知，本研究结论是通过实验得来。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““I was surprised to find people tend to evaluate you more negatively simply because they suspect you’ re using AI to help compose text, regardless of whether you actually are,” said Jess Hohenstein, the lead researcher. “This illustrates the continuous overall doubt that people seem to have around AI.”(首席研究员杰斯·霍恩斯坦(Jess Hohenstein)说:“我很惊讶地发现，人们往往会因为怀疑你在使用人工智能来帮助撰写文本而对你的评价更负面，而不管你是否真的在使用人工智能。”“这说明人们似乎对人工智能存在持续的整体怀疑。”)”可知，杰斯·霍恩斯坦惊讶人们对人工智能的持续整体怀疑，由此可知，Hohenstein可能会赞成“在对话中使用人工智能会影响信任”。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“However, the group also found that when participants think their partner is using more AI-suggested responses, they consider that partner as less cooperative.(然而，该小组还发现，当参与者认为他们的伴侣使用了更多人工智能建议的回答时，他们会认为对方不太合作。)”可知，当参与者认为同伴使用人工智能作出回应时，会认为该同伴不太合作，以及倒数第三段中的“But participants who their partners suspected of responding with smart replies were evaluated more negatively than those who were thought to have typed their own responses, consistent with common assumptions about the negative implications of AI.(但是，与那些被认为是自己打字回复的参与者相比，那些被伴侣怀疑使用人工智能回复的参与者受到的评价更为负面，这与关于人工智能负面影响的普遍假设是一致的。)”可知，怀疑同伴使用人工智能作出回应的人，给出更多负面评价，因此推断他们会感到不舒服。故选B项。
16．C 17．D 18．B 19．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究者发现大部分时间生活在树上的猩猩比生活在地面上的大猩猩和黑猩猩发出的辅音数量和种类都要多。
16．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“This raises the question of where consonants came from(这就提出了辅音从何而来的问题)”和“he studied existing literature to see how common consonants are among the great apes(他研究了现存的文献，想看看类人猿的辅音有多普遍)”可知，Adriano Lameira是为了发现辅音从何而来，it指的是“辅音的来源”，故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段的“While living in trees, however, orangutans must always use at least one arm to maintain stability. They have therefore developed more complex control of their lips, tongues and jaws, allowing them to use their mouths as a “fifth limb” orangutans can peel oranges just with lips, for example.(然而，当生活在树上时，猩猩必须至少使用一只手臂来保持稳定。因此，它们已经发展出对嘴唇、舌头和下颚的更复杂的控制，使它们能够把嘴作为“第五肢”来使用，例如，猩猩只用嘴唇就能剥橙子。)”和第四段的“This advanced motor skill enables orangutans make consonant-like sounds, argues Lameira.(拉米拉认为，这种先进的运动技能使猩猩能够发出类似辅音的声音。)”可知，支持Adriano Lameira关于猩猩的假设的是他们获得了高级的嘴巴运动技能，故选D。
18．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“This could mean that our early ancestors developed consonant sounds while hanging around in the trees, too. “There’s a growing sense that our dependency on trees was much larger and deeper than we think,” says Lameira.(这可能意味着我们的早期祖先在树上闲逛时也学会了辅音。Lameira说：“人们越来越意识到，我们对树木的依赖比我们想象的要大得多，也要深得多。”)”可知，我们的祖先比人们想象的更依赖树木，故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段的““This is an interesting assumption worth testing,” says Chris Petkov at Newcastle University, though he questions some aspects. As humans aren’t tree-living, there must be other reasons why consonants remain, which could be tested by characterising consonant-like sounds more systematically across species, he says.(“这是一个值得检验的有趣假设，”Newcastle大学的Chris Petkov说，尽管他对某些方面提出了质疑。他说，由于人类不是在树上生活的，所以辅音保留下来一定有其他原因，这可以通过在不同物种之间更系统地描述类似辅音的声音来验证。)”可知，Chris Petkov对Adriano Lameira的假设的态度是谨慎的，故选D。
20．C 21．A 22．A 23．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现，进屋前将鞋子留在门外面有很多好处，所以有必要进屋前脱掉鞋子。
20．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A 2018 survey showed that a significant 87% of Americans report taking off their shoes while at home. 31% say they will “always” remove their shoes inside their house, while 26% say they do so “most of the time.”(2018年的一项调查显示，87%的美国人报告在家脱鞋。31%的人说他们“总是”在家里脱鞋，而26%的人说他们“大部分时间”都这样做。)”可知，在被调查的对象中，81%的人会在家时脱下鞋子，也就是大多数被调查的人在家脱鞋。故选C项。
21．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Around 50% of Americans admit that they never ask guests to take off their shoes.(大约50%的美国人承认他们从不要求客人脱鞋。)”可知，大约50%的美国人从不让客人脱鞋，结合上段中的“A 2018 survey showed that a significant 87% of Americans report taking off their shoes while at home.(2018年的一项调查显示，87%的美国人报告在家脱鞋。)”可知，大部分人在家都是脱鞋的，说明在美国这是很流行的事情，但是让客人也进门脱鞋的人却没人么多，由此可推断，该单词的意思是“流行”。故选A项。
22．细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Wearing shoes indoors can introduce bacteria and other stuff to your floors, which can build up over time and turn into a real problem.(在室内穿鞋会将细菌和其他东西引入地板，随着时间的推移，细菌和其他东西会积聚并变成一个真正的问题。)”可知，穿鞋自己进入室内回家细菌等其他东西引入地板，久而久之，会产生真正的问题，由此可知，在室内脱鞋的目的是阻止细菌。故选A项。
23．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Yet in the U.S., many worry that this request comes across as rude. But there may be good reason for you to ban shoes indoors.(然而，在美国，许多人担心这一要求会显得粗鲁。但是您可能有充分的理由禁止在室内穿鞋。)”可知，要求人进门脱鞋担心有些粗鲁，但是有足够的理由禁止在室内穿鞋，引出本文的话题，结合下文讲述的研究发现证实了进屋脱鞋有很多的好处，所以本文的标题是“进屋脱鞋必要吗”与本文内容一致，且概括了本文的主题。故选C项
24．D 25．C 26．D 27．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是英国一位名叫Liz Pinfield-Wells的母亲在她位于Dawley Shropshire的花园棚里建立了一个DIY回收中心，回收了2600多磅的垃圾。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Pinfield-Wells established the recycling center after the birth of her third child when she discovered that her town’s roadside recycling program did not accept certain items.(Pinfield-Wells在生下第三个孩子后，发现镇上的路边回收项目不接受某些物品，于是建立了这个回收中心)”可知，当地垃圾服务有限激励Liz开始这个项目，故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Every month, she sends the collected items in vacuum-packed (真空包装的) bags to TerraCycle, a firm that turns the waste into small plastic balls for use in other products, such as watering cans and benches.(每个月，她把收集到的物品用真空包装袋送到TerraCycle公司，这家公司把垃圾变成小塑料球，用于其他产品，比如喷水壶和长凳)”可知，TerraCycle将废物加工成小塑料球。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Pinfield-Wells hopes that her recycling center will raise awareness about the importance of recycling and encourage others to take small steps to reduce their carbon footprint.(Pinfield-Wells希望她的回收中心能提高人们对回收重要性的认识，并鼓励其他人采取小步骤来减少他们的碳足迹)”可知，Liz对她的中心的期望是激励更多的人采取行动。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Pinfield-Wells hopes that her recycling center will raise awareness about the importance of recycling and encourage others to take small steps to reduce their carbon footprint.(Pinfield-Wells希望她的回收中心能提高人们对回收重要性的认识，并鼓励其他人采取小步骤来减少他们的碳足迹)”对环境保护很负责任，而且通过鼓励他人参与进来，是考虑周到的，因此可用responsible和thoughtful来描述她，故选B。
28．B 29．D 30．C 31．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究表明敬畏会让我们感觉得更好。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“During the summer of 2021, Beverly Wax had an experience that filled her with awe. (在2021年的夏天，贝弗利·瓦克斯经历了一次让她充满敬畏的经历)”及第一段可推断，作者讲述贝弗莉的故事是为了举一个敬畏的例子。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段“Research shows that awe experiences decrease stress and increase overall satisfaction. It can also help our relationships, making us feel more sympathetic and less greedy, more supported by and more likely to help others. (研究表明，敬畏体验可以减轻压力，提高整体满意度。它还可以帮助我们的人际关系，使我们更有同情心，不那么贪婪，更有可能得到别人的支持和帮助)”和第三段“Most of us associate awe with something rare and beautiful: nature, music or a spiritual experience.( 我们大多数人都将敬畏与稀有而美丽的事物联系在一起:自然、音乐或精神体验)”可推断，敬畏的好处是可以促进积极情绪。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段“We can be awed by our nearest and dearest — the people sitting next to us on the sofa, or chatting on the phone. (我们可以敬畏我们最亲近的人——坐在我们旁边的沙发上，或者在电话里聊天的人)”可知，接到久违朋友的电话会让我们对最亲近的人感到敬畏。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Unfortunately, we can’t make someone else behave in a way that’s awesome. But we can prepare ourselves to notice it when they do — and take steps to boost the emotion’s positive effects. (不幸的是，我们不能让别人表现得很好。但我们可以做好心理准备，在情绪出现时注意到它，并采取措施增强这种情绪的积极影响)”可推断，感受日