辽宁高考英语阅读理解专项训练（含答案）

阅读理解
It’s true that our ability to pick up new skills declines with age, but using a specific type of mindset — effectively holding on to a beginner’s mind — can help you learn new tricks and skills effectively as an adult.
You may still wonder why you should make the effort, but best-selling author Tom Vanderbilt points out that there are many general benefits of learning any new skill — including some long-term brain changes that could reduce some of the mental decline that often comes with ageing.
Interestingly, the benefits here seem to come from trying out multiple skills, rather than focusing on one particular expertise. As Vanderbilt writes in his book: “Rather than running a marathon mechanically, you are putting your brain through a variety of high-intensity interval workouts. Each time you begin to learn that new skill, you’re reshaping yourself. You’re training your brain again to be more efficient.”
The lifelong pursuit of many different interests may even increase your creativity. As David Epstein also noted in his book, Nobel laureates were many times more likely to have enjoyed artistic pursuits such as music, dance, visual art or creative writing than other scientists.
As you set about learning a new skill, there will be frustrations and moments of failure — but these may in fact be the most important experiences of the whole process. After years of experience in journalism, Vanderbilt says that the new challenges were a welcome change to his “professional complacency (专业成就感)”. “It sort of opened my mind and brought me back to this sense of not knowing,” he says. “The learning of the thing itself was often different from what I imagined. My expectations were constantly being upset.”
Plentiful research has shown that intellectual humility — the capacity to recognize the limits of our knowledge — can powerfully improve our thinking and decision making. And it may be increasingly important in today’s rapidly changing world. Whether we are learning for pleasure or attempting to boost our professional skills, we could all do well to develop that “beginner’s mindset”, where nothing is certain, and there is everything to learn.
1．What can be the most beneficial way for adults to learn new tricks and skills
A．Trying many things. B．Pursuing familiar interests.
C．Focusing on a specific skill. D．Training hard for a marathon.
2．What can be inferred from Vanderbilt’s words according to Paragraph 5
A．He trains his brain through working out.
B．He hasn’t achieved his professional complacency.
C．He thinks failure is an important part in one’s learning.
D．He believes learning new skills can improve one’s mental health.
3．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Learning new skills and tricks.
B．Attempts to improve one’s professional skills.
C．The capacity of thinking and decision making.
D．The ability to recognize one’s limits of knowledge.
4．What is the benefit of holding onto a beginner’s mind according to the passage
A．It frees us from frustrations.
B．It prevents us from becoming old.
C．It helps us reflect and brings us many possibilities.
D．It helps us become experienced in a particular field.
The city of Phoenix and its surrounding areas are known as the Valley of the Sun and there are so many entry-level hiking trails for explorers in Phoenix. If you’re looking for a casual walk, check out one of these easy hiking trails in Phoenix.
Judith Tunnell Accessible Trail: This is a barrier free trail that makes it easy to get out and enjoy the beauty of South Mountain Park, which is a city park and preserve that boasts the title of largest municipal (市政的) park in the country. Hike along to enjoy the beautiful scenery and then stop to relax at one of the trail side benches.
Difficulty: Easiest
Distance: One - mile loop
Canal Trails: The canals throughout central Phoenix provide some of easy off – pavement hiking in the city. If you’ re just getting accustomed to walking over uneven dirt surfaces and aren’t quite ready to take on the ups and downs of many trail surfaces, the canal paths are for you.
Difficulty: Very easy
Distance: Varies
Trail 100 at North Mountain Park Visitor Center: This nice wide trail, part of the Phoenix Mountain Preserve, is popular with local hikers, runners, and mountain bikers, so be prepared to share the trail. The trail surface here is more uneven with casual ups and downs through desert washes.
Difficulty: Easy to moderate
Distance: About 2. 5 - mile loop
Papago Park: For a classic Phoenix experience, Papago Park is the answer. Depending on where you’re at in the park, you can catch views of the downtown Phoenix skyline, Tempe Town Lake, the Phoenix Zoo and historic Tovrea Castle.
Difficulty: Easy
Distance: 0. 2 mile.
5．Which might be the option for people liking mountain biking
A．Canal Trails. B．Papago Park.
C．Judith Tunnell Accessible Trail. D．Trail 100 at North Mountain Park Visitor Center.
6．What do the listed hiking trails have in common
A．Their surface is very even. B．They are friendly to beginners.
C．There are some benches along them. D．They pass through a mix of desert landscapes.
7．Where can the text be found
A．In a fashion magazine. B．In a science magazine.
C．In a travel brochure. D．In a history book.
In the past three decades, Chinese agricultural technician Xie Jian has made over 30 visits to Southeast Asia and several to Africa to help reduce post-harvest rice loss and strengthen the rice value chain.
“Post-harvest food loss is a long-standing problem in global food production,” said Xie, a senior agricultural technician at COFCO Engineering & Technology Co. , Ltd. “China has many leading technologies that can reduce post-harvest rice loss and strengthen the rice value chain, and we want to share our technologies and best practices with the world.”
According to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, post-harvest loss can be as high as 20 percent for grains, 30 percent for dairy and fish, and 40 percent for fruits and vegetables. Much of this loss happens because of a lack of technology, limited knowledge of the supply chain, limited access to markets, poor infrastructure (基础建设) and short financing.
Xie said that post-harvest food loss is a serious issue in many countries, due to the lack of proper tools, infrastructure and technology. He has participated in many projects to help Southeast Asian and African countries reduce loss during the process of drying, storing and processing products, and has also shared China’s experience with them. “China has developed fast over the past few decades and has gained a wealth of technological and management experience,” he said. “This can be used for international reference and contribute to global food security.”
Carlos Watson, representative of the FAO in China, said that China is at the forefront of efforts to help developing nations meet their own development goals.
“The FAO and China have been actively strengthening cooperation to promote the agricultural development and food security of other developing countries,” he said.
“Apart from making financial contributions, China has shared its considerable experience and practical agricultural technologies and policy solutions with them,” he added.
8．What has Xie Jian been devoting himself to doing these years
A．Helping keep harvested rice properly.
B．Studying a variety of foreign crops.
C．Processing products for developing countries.
D．Increasing food production in other countries.
9．What is the data in paragraph 3 about
A．Money to protect food crops. B．Fund needed for infrastructure.
C．Loss of food after being harvested. D．The amount of food that China helped save.
10．What is Carlos Watson’s attitude towards China
A．Grateful. B．Praiseful. C．Doubtful. D．Negative.
11．What can be the best title for the text
A．Chinese scientists working in many other countries
B．Chinese company developing in many other countries
C．Chinese company helping defend against world hunger
D．Chinese agricultural technicians solving China’s food problems
Every day, there are 25, 000 flights in America. Accidents are so rare that flying is much safer than car travel. But that doesn’t stop many people from panic when they are moving at 500 miles per hour, 33, 000 feet above the ground. Not being at the controls makes us feel a bit helpless. When the negative thoughts begin to swirl (打旋), even in a very safe place, we will suddenly feel panic.
That’s what happened recently to a woman flying on a commercial airline. Many of us can go along doing ordinary things and suddenly be overcome with fear. The physical symptoms are real, and it requires a calming force to steady our emotions. In panic mode, every sound and movement feels like a threat. The passengers responded accordingly, jumping at every sound and the slightest turbulence (骚乱).
Floyd Dean - Shannon noticed a woman’s distress. As a flight attendant, he has plenty to do during a flight. But he stopped and spoke comfortingly to the woman. Floyd calmly explained what the noise was and that it was normal. As the woman began to calm down a bit, Floyd sat down in the aisle beside her and held her hand. He told her she was safe. He made her feel safe. He sat with her through the entire flight. At one point, Floyd learned it was another passenger’s birthday, so he led the plane in a song to celebrate — another way of making the woman feel safe by distracting her from her fears. He stayed by the woman’s side until it was time to land.
We all have friends who become distressed, who over worry, who may struggle with some difficulties that keep them from enjoying life. Like Floyd, we can be open enough to see, and to be there. We don’t have to be professional counselors; we just need to be friends.
12．Why do some people feel fearful when on a flight
A．They have a negative memory. B．There are 25,000 flights at the same time.
C．There are more plane accidents than car accidents. D．The speed and height make them feel helpless.
13．What does the underlined word “distress” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Anger. B．Worry. C．Surprise. D．Sorrow.
14．Which of the following words best describe Floyd
A．Brave and sympathetic. B．Ambitious and determined.
C．Patient and considerate. D．Sensitive and modest.
15．What is the most suitable title for the text
A．Overcoming fear sometimes requires a patient friend B．Why do we suddenly feel scared when flying
C．How should we deal with the sudden fear D．Airline travel is much safer than car travel in America
Dillon Doeden is not an athlete—and yet, he’s undertaking one of the toughest physical sports, climbing Mount Qomolangma. The dad from Omaha, Nebraska, is motivated (激励) by someone special: his 5-year-old son, Connor, who has a disease of muscular dystrophy (肌营养不良) called Duchenne.
Connor was said to have Duchenne when he was 2 years old. Duchenne is a disorder that causes muscle wasting of every muscle in the human body. And it finally leads to death. There is no cure. But people like Doeden are trying to change that.
The disease is rare, but Connor is not alone. Doeden met a fellow dad, Jim Raffone, on the Internet, who has a son with Duchenne. Jim Raffone also runs JAR of Hope, a charity to bring awareness and raise money for Duchenne research. Raffone said they were going to do a big fundraiser by climbing Qomolangma to help try and fund a clinical trial for Duchenne and asked whether Doeden would go. Doeden said he absolutely would go.
“I am so grateful another dad in the Duchenne community is coming on the Climb For The Cure,” Raffone said. “We need to work together to make Duchenne a household name.” That’s why they’re planning to climb Qomolangma—the world’s tallest mountain. “Why is it the Qomolangma Well, I would do anything for my son and we chose Qomolangma because, well, quite frankly, it deserves some attention,” Doeden said.
Doeden said he’s been training for the climb—which is 80 miles round trip—and he feels confident that he can do it. For Doeden, the difficulty is worth it because of his son. “This isn’t necessarily something I would’ve done on my own. But because we’re doing it to help my son and others dealing with Duchenne, it’s easy to stay motivated in my book. Like, there’s nothing I wouldn’t do,” he said.
16．What made Doeden choose to climb Mount Qomolangma
A．His love for his son. B．His son’s encouragement.
C．His role as an athlete. D．A wish to conquer Qomolangma.
17．What can we know about Duchenne
A．It causes loss of blood. B．It has no treatment.
C．It is a common disease. D．It is deadly at early stage.
18．What is the goal of JAR of Hope
A．To call on more people to join charities.
B．To raise money for climbing Mount Qomolangma.
C．To raise the awareness of environmental protection.
D．To make Duchenne known to the public.
19．Which of the following can best describe Doeden
A．Attractive and responsible. B．Courageous and determined.
C．Experienced and confident. D．Athletic and professional.
Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy recently declared children’s mental health is a national crisis.
In December 2021, Dr. Murthy issued a report to highlight the additional pressures the economic depression had put on the country’s youth, and the urgent need to address this. The impact of this crisis is far-reaching, and new research shows that it’s affecting parents’ well-being, plus their ability to succeed at work and provide for their families.
“On Our Sleeves, a national movement that aims to break shame around children’s mental health, surveyed more than 3,000 working parents across the US and found that 8 in 10 parents have been very concerned about their child’s mental health and development or behavior in the past two years. Children’s mental health concerns have been hiding in plain sight for many years, surrounded by confusion and shame,” says Marti Bledsoe Post, the director of On Our Sleeves.
The survey found that 53% of working parents have missed work at least once per month to deal with their children’s mental health. And 71% of parents said issues with their child’s mental or emotional well-being made the stresses of work much more difficult to cope with.
“Employers need to know that many of their employees are struggling and it is impinging their work as a result,” says Marti. “Our mission with On Our Sleeves is to provide every family in America access to free, evidence-based educational resources. We see this study as incredibly important in starting the conversation and providing solutions for working families.”
As Marti points out, for some parents, taking a child to weekly therapy (心理治疗) appointments and attending meetings at school consume a lot of time. These parents should be helped.
20．What do parents care about most at present
A．Economic effect. B．Pressure on children.
C．Children’s mental health. D．Children’s education.
21．What does paragraph 4 show about kids’ mental health
A．It is a main social problem. B．It makes doctors confused.
C．It’s difficult for parents to handle. D．It impacts on their parents’ work.
22．What does the underlined word “impinging” in paragraph 5 mean
A．Selecting. B．Judging.
C．Affecting. D．Doubting.
23．What can we learn from the text
A．Most children’s mental health is good.
B．The economy has few effects on the youth.
C．Parents’ health can affect kids, mental health.
D．It’s urgent to solve kids’ mental problems.
Researchers at the University of Helsinki recently examined hyperactivity (过分好动) and inattention in more than 11, 000 Finnish pet dogs. They found that the dog’s age and gender, as well as exposure to other dogs, played a part.
“We wanted to collect a large behavioral data of dogs to better understand behavior problems that are common in our companion dogs. We studied seven characteristics: noise sensitivity, fearfulness, fear of surfaces and heights, inattention, compulsive behavior, separation – related behavior, and aggression,” says Sini Sulkama, a researcher at the University of Helsinki.
Their goal was to identify demographic (人口统计的), environmental, and behavioral risk factors that could influence these anxiety - related characteristics in dogs. Their analysis showed that hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention were more common in young dogs and male dogs. They also found some major differences among breeds.
Interestingly, researchers discovered that the owner’s experience with dogs also had an impact. They found that hyperactivity and impulsivity are more common in dogs that aren’t their owners’ first dogs. “We can only conclude the possible relationship between these factors, but one possible explanation is that people try to choose easy individuals from less active breeds, like companion dog breeds as their first dogs,” says Sulkama.
They also calculated the urban environmental score for each dog. That describes how the land is used around the dog’s current home, breaking it down into artificial surface, agricultural areas, forests, and semi natural areas.
Although it might seem like most dogs are easily distracted to some extent, studies suggest that about 15% of dogs display high levels of hyperactivity and 20% show high levels of inattention. Researchers say they can make it easier to identify and treat dogs’ hyperactivity and inattention and may benefit the research. They can also be helpful when choosing to add a dog to the family. You might want to adopt a pet with the characteristics of a breed that matches your lifestyle.
24．What’s one of the factors causing dogs’ hyperactivity
A．Their noise sensitivity. B．Their owners’ character,
C．Their aggressive behavior. D．Their exposure to other dogs.
25．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The research content. B．The research process.
C．The background of the study. D．The composition of the research team.
26．What can we learn from the text
A．Active dogs are less likely to suffer from hyperactivity. B．People are sick of dogs with hyperactivity.
C．Hyperactivity in dogs is transmitted by their owners. D．People’s first pet dog is often less active.
27．What is the purpose of the study
A．To understand dogs’ behavioral problems. B．To collect a large behavioral data of dogs.
C．To help a company promote pet supplies. D．To research dogs’ mental health.
What if AI could interpret your imagination, turning images in your mind into reality While that sounds like a detail in a science fiction, researchers have now accomplished exactly this. Researchers found that they could reconstruct highly accurate images from brain activity by using the popular stable diffusion (扩散) image generation model. The authors wrote that unlike previous studies, they didn’t need to train the AI models to create these images.
The researchers said that they first predicted a potential representation, which is a model of the image’s data, from fMRI (功能性磁共振成像) signals. Then, the model was processed and noise was added to it through the diffusion process. Finally, the researchers decoded (解码) text representations from fMRI signals and used them as input to produce a final constructed image.
The researchers wrote that a few studies have produced good reconstructions of images but it was only after training. This resulted in limitations because training complex models are challenging and there are not many samples to work with. Prior to this new study, no other researchers had tried using diffusion models for visual reconstruction.
In the past, we’ve seen other examples of how brainwaves and brain functions can create images. In 2014, a Shanghai - based artist Jody Xiong used sensors to connect sixteen people with disabilities to balloons of paint. The people would then use their thoughts to burst specific balloons and create their own paintings.
With the advancement of AI, more and more researchers have been testing the ways AI models can work with the human brain. In a January 2022 study, researchers at Radboud University in the Netherlands trained an AI network on fMRI data from 1, 050 unique faces and converted the brain imaging results into actual images. The study found that the AI was able to perform reconstruction. In the latest study, the researchers found that current diffusion models can now achieve high-quality visual reconstruction.
28．How did researchers make images from brain activity in the previous research
A．By using generation model. B．By training AI models.
C．By reconstructing mind. D．By predicting people’s imagination.
29．Where are images’ data from
A．The fMRI signals B．The diffusion text.
C．The processed model. D．The text representation.
30．Why do the researchers think their new study is meaningful
A．Their training work is very challenging.
B．They’ve made training models less complex.
C．Nobody has reconstructed images by brainwaves.
D．They can reconstruct accurate images from brain activity.
31．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Few researchers have used AI to make reconstruct images.
B．Scientists should do more to make high - quality reconstruction.
C．The AI models should be improved to work with fMRI data.
D．The AI contributes a lot to good visual reconstruction.
Theatres and Entertainment
St David’s Hall
St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment including pop rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF101AH
www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales”premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
Mermaid Quay,Cardiff Bay,Cardiff CF105BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity to do creative things. Sherman Cymnu is excied to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road,Cardiff CF244YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals,dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years.Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardif’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place,Cardiff CF103LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
32．What do St David’s Hall and The Glee Club have in common
A．Both of them have won awards.
B．Both of them have a large capacity.
C．They are equally famous for comedies.
D．They both provide live music for audience.
33．What can people do at Sherman Cymru’s theatre
A．Watch musicals.
B．Do innovative things.
C．Enjoy live entertainment.
D．Make theatre with celebrities.
34．Which website can you visit to enjoy amazing drama
A．www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
B．www.shermancymru.co.uk
C．www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
D．www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
Brigadier general William Orlando Darby, born in Fort Smith, Arkansas, is best known for his organization of the 1st Ranger Battalion during World War II.
Darby attended Belle Grove School through the sixth grade and then went to Fort Smith Senior High School. After his graduation in 1929, he received an appointment to West Point Military Academy, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science on June. 13,1933. Later Darby was chosen to organize and train military forces, and the 1st United States Army Ranger Battalion was set up on July 9, 1942. They carried out a number of successful night attacks.
When Robinson E. Duff, assistant division commander of the l0th Mountain Division, was wounded, Darby volunteered to take the place of him and led the 10th Mountain Division during the advance on Lake Garda. On April 30,1945, he was in the process of outlining plans for the next day when an explosion near his location took place, and he was unfortunately hit dead. He received a promotion to brigadier general on May 15,1945, the only soldier to receive such a promotion after his death.
General Lucian K. Truscott said of Darby following his death. “Never have I seen a more heroic officer.”And General George S. Patton called Darby, “The bravest man I have ever known.”
Darby received many awards, including two Distinguished Service Crosses and the British Distinguished Service Order. Darby’s life is celebrated in many ways. Named after him was the USNS General William O. Darby, a U.S. Army troopship, which is now retired, as well as streets in many places. Cistera, Italy, has a Darby School, and in his hometown of Fort Smith, the sister city to Cistema, the senior high school he attended is now called the William O. Darby Junior High. Many army posts have training or airfields named after him.
Darby was originally buried in a military cemetery (墓地) outside Cisterna, Italy, but on March 11,1949,his body was returned to Arkansas and buried at the Fort Smith National Cemetery,just few blocks from his boyhood home.In 2016,a statue of Darby was put up in Cisterna Park in Fort Smith.
35．Which of the statements is true about Darby
A．He was appointed to replace Duff.
B．He was killed in an explosion by design.
C．He graduated with a Bachelor of Military.
D．He wasn’t promoted to brigadier general when alive.
36．Which words can best describe Darby
A．Generous and humorous. B．Capable and responsible.
C．Admirable but unsociable. D．Intelligent but discontented.
37．Why did the author mention Truscott’s and Patton’s words
A．To let us learn from Darby. B．To offer care to Darby.
C．To show gratitude to Darby. D．To think highly of Darby.
38．What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about
A．Ways of honoring Darby.
B．Benefits of using Darby’s name.
C．Contributions Darby made to the army.
D．Educational experiences Darby went through.
The first solar cell capable of powering everyday electrical equipment was made in the 1950s at Bell Labs in New Jersey. Back then the silicon-based (基于硅的) panels were hugely expensive and turned just 6% of sunlight into electricity. Since then, costs have come down dramatically and today’s silicon solar cells can tur up to 22% of sunlight into power. But they’re nearly maxed out in terms of efficiency. Now, perovskites (钙钛矿) offer the potential for dramatic increases in power output, and they could ultimately replace silicon altogether.
Rescarchers at Oxford PV, a company spun out of the University of Oxford, made a major breakthrough in 2018. By coating silicon with perovskites they achieved 28% efficiency. The company believes it can eventually reach 40%, or higher. “If we want to make all new power generation about solar photovoltaics (光伏), then we need to keep driving the price down,”Henry Snaith, professor of physics at the University of Oxford and co-founder of Oxford PV,said.“One way to do that is to keep pushing the efficiency or power output up, and this is where perovskites really come into play.”
Perovskites were discovered in 1839. Oxford PV uses a synthetic (合成的) version,made from inexpensive materials that are present on the Earth in large quantities, while other companies use variations of the original mineral,collectively called perovskites. As well as improved solar efficiency, they work better than silicon in the shade, on cloudy days or even indoors. Perovskites can be printed using an inkjet (喷墨的) printer and can be as thin as wallpaper. Oxford PV hopes perovskites will eventually replace silicon entirely.
Last month, Saule Technologies’new factory in Warsaw began printing perovskite solar cells using inkjet printers. Early next year, it will start supplying Swedish construction company Skanska Group.“The material is set to be a game changer in the energy field, because it works in every lighting condition,”said Saule Technologies co-founder Olga Malinkiewicz.
39．What is the biggest disadvantage of silicon-based panels
A．They are incredibly expensive.
B．They are easy to abandon totally.
C．They are relatively low in power output.
D．They have only existed for about 50 years.
40．What attitude does Snaith have towards perovskites
A．Favorable. B．Cautious. C．Opposed. D．Ambiguous.
41．Why can perovskites possibly replace silicon entirely
A．They can be as thin as paper.
B．They are rarely seen on the Earth.
C．They can be printed with 3-D printers.
D．They perform well in poor lighting conditions.
42．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．The cost of perovskite solar cells.
B．A new way to replace perovskites.
C．The applications of solar photovoltaics.
D．A potential way to increase solar power output.
Almost a decade ago, researchers at Yale University launched a global database called Map of Life to track biodiversity distributions across the planet. Now, the team added a new feature to the database that predicts where species currently unknown to scientists may be hiding.
In 2018, ecologist Mario Moura of the Federal University of Paraiba in Brazil teamed up with Yale ecologist Walter Jetz, who took the lead in the initial creation of the Map of Life. The pair set out to identify where 85 percent of Earth’s undiscovered species may be. For two years, the team collected information about 32,000 vertebrate (脊椎动物)species. Data on population size, geographical range, historical discovery dates and other biological characteristics were used to create a computer model that estimated where undescribed species might exist today.
The model found tropical environments in countries including Brazil, Indonesia, Madagascar, and Colombia house the most undiscovered species. Smaller animals have limited ranges that may be inaccessible, making their detection more difficult. In contrast, larger animals that occupy greater geographic ranges are more likely to be discovered, the researchers explain.
“It is striking to see the importance of tropical forests as the birthplace of discoveries, stressing the urgent need to protect tropical forests and address the need of controlling deforestation rate if we want a chance to truly discover our biodiversity,” said Moura.
The map comes at a crucial time when Earth is facing a biodiversity crisis. It was reported that there was a 68 percent decrease in vertebrate species populations between 1970 and 2006 and a 94 percent decline in aninal populations in the America’s tropical subregions.” At the current pace of global environmental change, there is no doubt that many speies will go etinet before we have ever learned about their existence and had the chance to consider their fate,’ Jetz said.
43．What can be learned about the Map of Life
A．It only tracks biodiversity distributions.
B．It was initially created by Mario Moura
C．It predicts where undiscovered species minht
D．It managed to locate 85% of the undiscovered specties.
44．Which factor makes animals easier to discover
A．location B．species. C．size. D．population.
45．What does the underlined word “address” mean in paragraph 4
A．Tackle. B．Ignore. C．Maintain. D．Postpone.
46．What can we infer from the last two paragraphs
A．Tropical animal populations have slightly declined.
B．The Map of life is significant to protecting biodiversity.
C．Tropical forests are the birthplace of many extinct species.
D．Many species will undoubtedly go extinct even if discovered.
As supplies of fresh water become smaller around the world, efforts are under way to obtain more of it from various sources. Driven by pollutants in underground water and the environmental cost of bottled water, European companies are at the forefront of this technological challenge.
GENAQ is a Spanish company known for atmospheric water generators, a device to generate fresh water from the air. The company has been developing atmospheric water generators since 2008 and has customers in 60 countries, mainly emergency services and industrial users.
Carlos Garcia, general manager of GENAQ, foresees a world in which many millions of homes will get water out of thin air. He led the Horizon-funded STRATUS project to expand the market. Through the project, the company developed a new version designed for people at home. These new generators can be attached to houses and create fresh water for their inhabitants.
So how does it work Firstly, air around is taken in and cooled to a point where water can condense (凝结). Then the water is filtered (过滤), and minerals are added. Ultraviolet light (紫外线) is also used to prevent bacteria forming. Besides, atmospheric water generators depend on something beyond their control: weather. The best performance is in hot and damp climates, and cold and dry environments have been not performing very well. But now indoor conditions of houses are well suited for this solution.
Garcia said they have found a way to greatly cut the amount of energy used in the process—150% less—and the average cost of daily water supply fell by more than 80%. “We have dedicated most of our efforts to efficiency,” said Garcia. “We are now aiming to supply everyday families with atmospheric water generators. In the coming months, we plan to expand in European countries such as Spain, France and Germany where bottled-water consumption is high. A following step is to break into the worldwide consumer market.”
47．How does author lead in the topic in the first paragraph
A．By drawing a conclusion. B．By sharing an experience.
C．By following the time order. D．By offering background information.
48．What do we learn about the new generators
A．They operate better when it is raining. B．They offer household water for free.
C．They are mainly targeted at factories. D．They are not environmentally friendly.
49．What is Garcia’s attitude toward the new generators
A．Doubtful. B．Hopeful.
C．Disappointed. D．Shocked.
50．Which can be the best title for the text
A．Free Access to Fresh Water from the Air
B．Principles to Obtain Fresh Water from the Air
C．A Device to Hunt for Fresh Water from the Air
D．New Ways to Protect Fresh Water from the Air
The study of joint attention (the interaction between the parents and the baby) between a baby and the caregiver revealed that greater joint attention generates greater language development in the child.
A camera was used by Yu and Smith to record the caregiver’s and the baby’s actions. The caregiver talked to the baby about the object the child chose to hold. This study was used to understand if both participants’ gaze mattered when joint attention was happening.
Several years later, Yu and Smith modified their study with Jeffrey to see if the time when the caregiver said the name mattered when the baby was learning words. Having several objects laid out before him. a child chose one and the caregiver would name and talk about the thing. By doing so. that child would develop a greater understanding of objects and their names because the child was hearing and seeing at the same time. This social interconnection led to a greater understanding of words’ meaning. creating a stronger foundation for vocabulary development later in the child’s life.
In contrast, Mundy and Gomes wrote an article that considered whether a child’s individual differences affected the skill of joint attention. Their study had groups of babies go through a series of tests and then made a follow-up visit sixteen weeks later. Each test examined the stability of joint attention and other nonverbal communication measures.
Mundy and Gomes wanted to see if there were differences in receptive and expressive language that would contribute to a child’s individual differences. It was gathered that the aspects (child’s gender. mother’s education level. household income)were not significantly associated with the language or nonverbal communication. By showing that individual factors had no impact on the child’s language development, the testers included that children learn language in a similar manner.
51．What does the author think of the effect joint attention has on language development
A．It’s important. B．It’s temporary. C．It’s slight. D．It’s uncertain
52．What did Yu and Smith’s two studies have in common
A．The babies were at the same age. B．They both needed the babies to choose an object.
C．The researchers in both studies were the same. D．The caregivers knew little about the objects’ names.
53．What did Mundy and Gomes focus on most during their study
A．The caregivers’ education level. B．The patterns of language development.
C．The meanings of verbal communication. D．The children’s individual differences.
54．In which section of a newspaper can you read the text
A．Literature. B．Science. C．Economy. D．Fashion.
Exploring the Azores Islands in Portugal
Cost( 2.999)
Highlights
●The exceptional seabird watching at night
●Talks on land and at sea by a local biologist
●A whale-watching activity guided by an expert
Description
You can explore and learn about wildlife through some talks. You can also get an opportunity to watch the whales at the surface and listen to their sounds as they go into the water. On land. you will visit a seabird habitat and discover the attractive villages on these islands. Besides. you can study the islands’ earth and learn how it supports the unique grape planting.
Attention
●Upon arrival on Faial Island, you will check into a four-star hotel in Horta.
●Depending on your arrival time. you may have some free time to explore the small town that dates back to the 15th century and has many historic buildings.
●Your tour leader will hold a short welcome meeting in the early evening to go through the plans for the week, and then a biologist will give the first of three talks before joining you for dinner.
●During the tour, the biologist will give a brief introduction to the whale species that you will be viewing.
Just click here instead of calling or emailing us to book your tour.
55．What do we know about the tour
A．It is free of charge.
B．It is in support of foreign biologists.
C．It offers bird feeding during the day.
D．It offers an expert guide during the whale viewing.
56．What can visitors do on the tour
A．Explore old cities. B．Plant unique grapes.
C．Listen to the talks on wildllife. D．Spend a night in a villager’s house.
57．How should visitors book the tour
A．By entering the website. B．By sending an email.
C．By contacting the biologist. D．By making a telephone call.
I did a crazy thing last weekend. I signed my family up for a six-mile hike out in the Yunmeng Mountains in Huairou District, Beijing.
Ever since we arrived in Beijing two years ago, my family has never walked around in any Beijing park for longer than two miles. I had signed up on Beijing Hikers’ hike several times before, but had always backed out at the last minute because of my son and husband’s protest. This time, I was not getting out of it!
When we woke up early on Saturday morning, it was raining cats and dogs. My husband turned to me and said, “Perfect hiking weather!”
But, I wasn’t backing down. If the other hikers thought that the weather was safe for hiking, then we were going! I did not regret even when our tour bus drove right into the heavy rain. Luckily, the rain stopped before we entered the mountains.
For the hike I had packed various snacks. When one treat stopped providing motivation for my 6-year-old son to put one foot in front of the other, I would turn to another to keep him moving. After I ran out of snacks, the guide cleverly asked him to look out for the red ribbons(丝带) that the Beijing Hikers use to mark the trail, and allowed him to collect them for her. This trick helped keep him moving for the first five miles of the well-kept road along the White River. However, the last mile was almost vertical(垂直的). While the kid had been moving like a snail for most of the walking part, he became a mountain goat when it came to the vertical climb. He actually led the group alongside the guide, leaving me and my husband far behind! We couldn’t even see him through the trees, and could only hear his merry voice carried by the wind.
Just then I turned to my husband and asked whether we would do it again. He replied, “I might feel much better if I were lying in bed dreaming about this hiking.”
58．What was the weather like early in the morning
A．Rainy. B．Cloudy. C．Sunny. D．Windy.
59．Which worked the best to encourage the little child
A．The snacks. B．The blue ribbons.
C．The easy hike. D．The difficult climb.
60．What did the author’s husband imply in the last paragraph
A．He loved hiking in the rain. B．He was too sleepy to walk.
C．He preferred staying at home. D．He didn’t have the final say.
61．What can we know about the author according to the text
A．She is romantic. B．She is determined.
C．She is humorous. D．She is good at scheduling.
Most athletes who earn a chance to compete at the Olympics do not go home with medals. Here, some of them share how they get through their disappointments.
Moritz Muller
Sport: Ice hockey
Country: Germany
“I have learned through the years that setbacks (挫折) are a part of life and that everyone has them and that the most successful people are the ones who have had the biggest setbacks,” Muller says. “My biggest trick is not to take myself too seriously.”
Lewis Gibson
Sport: Ice dancing
Country: The United Kingdom
Gibson says that positive attitude has been the key to help him through disappointments. “I have learned the importance of replacing any doubts I might be feeling with belief in myself,” he says. “You fill your head with thoughts and it’s very powerful. You’re your own biggest influence.”
Adrian Diaz
Sport: Ice dancing
Country: Spain
After failing to make to the Olympics four years ago, Adrian Diaz worked on communicating more positively with his dancing partner so there wouldn’t be any tension on the ice. “Whether it’s a teammate, friend or family member, improving communication takes time and patience. But breakthroughs do come,” he says. “It took five years for us to fully understand what we had to do. Not just for skating and training but for life.”
Karen Chen
Sport: Figure skating
Country: The United States
“Athletes aren’t always open about all of the challenges they overcome to compete in front of the world at the Olympics,” says Chen. “I didn’t ever talk about them. Before the team event, I actually fell down stairs and hurt my legs. But I fought through with all the strength I had and went through this challenge.”
62．Where is Lewis Gibson from
A．Spain. B．The US. C．Germany. D．The UK.
63．How does Karen Chen deal with her problems
A．By making fun of them. B．By keeping them to herself.
C．By seeking support from friends. D．By thinking positively about them.
64．Who stresses the importance of positive communication
A．Adrian Diaz. B．Moritz Muller. C．Lewis Gibson. D．Karen Chen.
It’s late at night, the weather is bad, and you’re hungry. Your favorite restaurant is a mile away, but you don’t want to leave the house, and you don’t want to pay a $5 delivery fee and a tip for a $10 meal.
So, what can you do
Back in the old days, you would have to go in the rain or learned to plan ahead. But those days are coming to an end, at least in Washington DC．
About 20 knee-high robots recently have appeared on the sidewalks of the nation’s capital, and they’re out to bring takeout food from restaurants to hungry customers at home—while keeping the delivery cost to just a dollar.
Each of the robots seems like a box on sixwheels, and drives at an average speed of 4 miles per hour. It has lights and a tall and bright orange flag to make it more noticeable on the sidewalk.
The robot relies on artificial intelligence technology that draws input from nine cameras, GPS and sensors. The cameras recognize a lot—including traffic lights, crosswalks and stop signs. If a robot finds itself in a situation it doesn’t understand, all the machine has to do is send a call for help. Then a human operator in a remote control center can look through the cameras and figure out the best action to take. That camera also provides security. If someone tries to steal the robot, for example, the cameras can photograph the thief.
Law-makers in Washington DC, Virginia, Florida and Idaho have already started to make such self-driving robots legal on the sidewalks. Other states have also expressed interest.
“Robots like these will complete deliveries that normally wouldn’t have been placed with the human-based delivery options of the past,” one of the law-makers says, “But we have to be sure that they are not going to put people out of jobs.”
65．How much should you pay for a $10 meal delivered by robots
A．$10. B．$1l. C．$15. D．$17.
66．Which paragraph mainly focuses on the robots’ appearances
A．Paragraph 3. B．Paragraph 4.
C．Paragraph 5. D．Paragraph 6.
67．What are the law-makers worried about
A．The robots’ reliability. B．The safety of the passers-by.
C．The high delivery costs. D．The possible unemployment.
68．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Technology. B．Advertisement.
C．Law. D．Politics.
Swot satellite is scheduled to be launched Thursday morning to conduct a comprehensive survey of Earth’s vital resource. By using advanced microwave radar technology it will collect height-surface measurements of oceans, lakes and rivers in high-definition detail over 90% of the globe. It’s really the first time to observe nearly all water on the planet’s surface.
The major mission is to explore how oceans help to minimize climate change by absorbing atmospheric heat and carbon dioxide in a natural process. Oceans are estimated to have absorbed more than 90% of the extra heat trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere by human-caused greenhouse gases Swot will scan the seas from the orbit and precisely measure fine differences in surface elevations (高度) around smaller currents and eddies (漩涡), where much of the oceans’ decrease of heat and carbon is believed to occur. “Studying the mechanism will help climate scientists answer a key question: What is the turning point at which oceans start releasing, rather than absorbing, huge amounts of heat back into the atmosphere and speed up global warming, rather than limiting it,” said Nadya Shiffer, Swot’s program scientist.
By comparison, earlier studies of water bodies relied on data of rivers or oceans taken at specific points, or from satellites that can only track measurements along a one-dimensional line, requiring scientists to fill in data gaps through extrapolation (外推法). Thanks to the radar instrument, Swot can scan through cloud cover and darkness over wide ranges of the Earth. This enables scientists to accurately map their observations in two dimensions regardless of weather or time of day and to cover large geographic areas far more quickly than was previously possible.
“Rather than giving us a line of elevations, it’s giving us a map of elevations, and that’s just a total game changer,” said Tamlin Pavelsky, Swot freshwater science leader.
69．What does the underlined expression “vital resource” in the first paragraph refer to
A．Technology. B．Climate. C．Oceans. D．Water.
70．What is the major mission of Swot
A．To explore the influences of greenhouse gases.
B．To explain the consequence of global warming.
C．To identify the causes of water absorbing heat and CO2.
D．To study the mechanism of oceans influencing climate.
71．What makes it possible for Swot to measure precisely
A．The high-definition computer.
B．Advanced radar technology.
C．The three-dimensional image.
D．An accurate map of elevations.
72．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．A Solution to Climate Change
B．A Breakthrough in Space Travel
C．First Global Water Survey from Space
D．The Successful Launch of Swot Satellite
People who give, live longer, studies have shown. Now, a new study by University of Michigan shows that why people volunteer—not whether they volunteer—is what really counts.
For the study, Konrath and colleagues analyzed data collected in 2008 and 2012 aiming at the same random samples of 3, 376 people. Overall, they found that just 2.3 percent of those who once worked as volunteers had died, compared to 4.3 percent of non-volunteers. They further found that how much people volunteered mattered as well-—only 1.8 percent of regular volunteers died, compared with 2. 5 percent of occasional volunteers.
But what really made a difference were people’s motives for volunteering. The researchers asked people to rate how important they found various reasons for volunteering, and they found that the more important people rated reasons such as feeling pity for people in need, the more likely they were to be alive. Those who rated motives related to personal benefit as more important were more likely to have died, and just as likely to die as those who didn’t volunteer at all. These reasons included volunteering because they enjoyed the social contact, to escape their own problems, or to explore their own strengths.
Konrath says the current findings suggest it may be a poor idea to encourage people to volunteer because it’s good for them. “Volunteering is increasingly being encouraged in schools and organizations. Some groups say that it’s okay to want benefits for yourself, and encourage people to think of volunteering as an exchange for personal interests. Some groups emphasize the health benefits received through volunteering.” Konrath added, “Of course, it’s reasonable for volunteers to expect benefits for themselves. But the potential health benefits of volunteering are significantly reduced if self-benefit becomes a person’s main motive.”
73．What does the new study mainly find
A．How we volunteer makes sense to others.
B．How often we volunteer makes a difference.
C．Whether we volunteer decides our well-being.
D．Why we volunteer has an impact on our health
74．How did the researchers do the study
A．By analyzing statistics.
B．By rating volunteers’ performances.
C．By doing lab experiments.
D．By grouping participants randomly.
75．Which of the following motives will probably contribute to a longer life
A．To develop abilities.
B．To make more friends.
C．To help the poor people.
D．To solve personal problems.
76．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．Practical suggestions on further studies.
B．A further explanation of the current findings.
C．Potential applications of the research method.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research results.
参考答案：
1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。虽然我们学习新技能的能力会随着年龄的增长而下降，但是使用一种特定的心态——有效地保持初学者的心态——可以帮助你在成年后有效地学习新的技巧和技能。文章通过不同人的观点来说明初学者心态的好处。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Interestingly, the benefits here seem to come from trying out multiple skills, rather than focusing on one particular expertise. (有趣的是，这里的好处似乎来自尝试多种技能，而不是集中在一个特定的专业知识)”可知，对于成年人来说，学习新的技巧和技能最有益的方法是尝试多种技能。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据第五段中“As you set about learning a new skill, there will be frustrations and moments of failure—but these may in fact be the most important experiences of the whole process. (当你开始学习一项新技能时，会有挫折和失败的时刻——但这些可能实际上是整个过程中最重要的经历)”可知，失败是一个人学习的重要组成部分。接着文章用Vanderbilt的话“It sort of opened my mind and brought me back to this sense of not knowing,(这让我开阔了思路，让我重新找回了那种不知所措的感觉)”来说明失败是一个人学习的重要组成部分。由此推知，Vanderbilt认为失败是一个人学习的重要组成部分，故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Plentiful research has shown that intellectual humility — the capacity to recognize the limits of our knowledge — can powerfully improve our thinking and decision making. (大量的研究表明，智力上的谦逊——认识到我们知识局限性的能力——可以有力地改善我们的思维和决策)”可知，it代指上文提到的智力上的谦逊，即认识到我们知识局限性的能力。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Each time you begin to learn that new skill, you’re reshaping yourself. You’re training your brain again to be more efficient.(每次你开始学习新技能，你都在重塑自己。你又在训练你的大脑，让它变得更有效率)”和最后一段中“Whether we are learning for pleasure or attempting to boost our professional skills, we could all do well to develop that “beginner’s mindset”, where nothing is certain, and there is everything to learn.(无论我们是为了快乐而学习，还是为了提高我们的专业技能，我们都可以很好地培养“初学者心态”，在这种心态中，没有什么是确定的，一切都有待学习)”可推知，保持初学者心态能让我们深思并带给我们许多可能性。故选C。
5．D 6．B 7．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。凤凰城及其周边地区被称为太阳谷，凤凰城有很多入门级的徒步旅行路线。文章对此进行了介绍。
5．细节理解题。根据Trail 100 at North Mountain Park Visitor Center部分中的“This nice wide trail, part of the Phoenix Mountain Preserve, is popular with local hikers, runners, and mountain bikers, so be prepared to share the trail. (这条宽阔的小径是凤凰山保护区的一部分，深受当地徒步旅行者、跑步者和山地自行车爱好者的欢迎，所以准备好分享这条小径。)”可知，喜欢山地自行车的人可能会选择北山公园游客中心100号步道。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据Judith Tunnell Accessible Trail部分中的“Difficulty: Easiest (难度：最易)”，Canal Trails部分中的“Difficulty: Very easy (难度：非常容易)”，Trail 100 at North Mountain Park Visitor Center部分中的“Difficulty: Easy to moderate (难度：容易至适中)”和Papago Park部分中的“Difficulty: Easy (难度：容易)”可知，列出的远足路线的共同之处是都对初学者很友好。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段“The city of Phoenix and its surrounding areas are known as the Valley of the Sun and there are so many entry-level hiking trails for explorers in Phoenix. If you’re looking for a casual walk, check out one of these easy hiking trails in Phoenix. (凤凰城及其周边地区被称为太阳谷，凤凰城有很多入门级的徒步旅行路线。如果你正在寻找一个休闲的散步，看看凤凰城这些简单的徒步小径之一。)”可知，这是一篇关于旅游观光的文章。故选C。
8．A 9．C 10．B 11．C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国公司派出农业技术员努力帮助其他国家减少收获后的粮食的损失，从而进一步减少世界人口遭受的饥饿。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段的“In the past three decades, Chinese agricultural technician Xie Jian has made over 30 visits to Southeast Asia and several to Africa to help reduce post-harvest rice loss and strengthen the rice value chain.（在过去的三十年里，中国农业技术员谢健对东南亚进行了30多次访问并对非洲进行了几次访问，以帮助减少收割后的水稻的损失，从而加强水稻价值链。）”可知，这些年来，谢健一直在致力于帮助妥善保管收割后的水稻。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段的“According to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, post-harvest loss can be as high as 20 percent for grains,30percent for dairy and fish, and 40 percent for fruits and vegetables. Much of this loss happens because of a lack of technology, limited knowledge of the supply chain, limited access to markets, poor infrastructure and short financing.（根据联合国粮食及农业组织的一份报告，谷物收获后的损失可能高达20%，乳制品和鱼类损失高达30%，水果和蔬菜损失高达40%。这种损失很大程度上是由于缺乏技术、对供应链的了解有限、进入市场的机会有限、基础设施薄弱以及融资不足。）”可知，第3段中的数据讲述的是关于收获后的食物产生的损失。故选C。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Carlos Watson, representative of the FAO in China, said that China is at the forefront of efforts to help developing nations meet their own development goals.（联合国粮农组织驻华代表卡洛斯·沃森表示，中国站在帮助发展中国家实现自身发展目标的最前沿。）”可知，卡洛斯·沃森对中国采取的行动持赞美的态度。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。通读全文并根据第一段的“In the past three decades, Chinese agricultural technician Xie Jian has made over 30 visits to Southeast Asia and several to Africa to help reduce post-harvest rice loss and strengthen the rice value chain.”（在过去的三十年里，中国农业技术员谢健对东南亚进行了30多次访问并对非洲进行了几次访问，以帮助减少收割后的水稻的损失，从而加强水稻价值链。）”和第二段的““Post-harvest food loss is a long-standing problem in global food production,” said Xie, a senior agricultural technician at COFCO Engineering & Technology Co., Ltd. “China has many leading technologies that can reduce post-harvest rice loss and strengthen the rice value chain, and we want to share our technologies and best practices with the world.（中粮工程技术股份有限公司有限公司高级农业技术人员谢健说：“产后粮食损失是全球粮食生产中长期存在的问题，中国有许多领先的技术，可以减少稻谷收获后的损失，加强稻谷价值链，我们希望与世界分享我们的技术和最佳实践。”）”可知，中国公司在努力帮助其他国家减少收获后的粮食的损失，从而进一步减少世界人口遭受的饥饿，因此C项（中国公司帮助抵御世界范围内的饥饿）能够概括文章大意，适合做文章的标题。故选C。
12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了尽管乘飞机出行不是那么危险的事情，但是人们还是会不可避免地感到恐慌，这个时候我们需要友善耐心地伸出友谊之手来帮助他们。
12．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But that doesn’t stop many people from panic when they are moving at 500 miles per hour, 33, 000 feet above the ground.(但当他们以每小时500英里的速度在离地面33000英尺的高空飞行时，这并不能阻止许多人的恐慌。)”可知，有些人在飞机上感到害怕是因为速度和高度让他们感到无助。故选D项。
13．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“Floyd calmly explained what the noise was and that it was normal. (弗洛伊德平静地解释了那是什么声音，说那是正常的。)”可推知，该妇女是因为听到飞机上的噪音而产生“担忧”，所以划线词distress是“担忧”的意思。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“As the woman began to calm down a bit, Floyd sat down in the aisle beside her and held her hand. He told her she was safe. He made her feel safe. He sat with her through the entire flight.(当那个女人开始平静下来时，弗洛伊德在她旁边的过道上坐下，握着她的手。他告诉她她很安全。他让她感到安全。他全程陪伴着她。)”可推知，弗洛伊德是一个有耐心和体贴的人。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了尽管乘飞机出行不是那么危险的事情，但是人们还是会不可避免地感到恐慌，这个时候我们需要友善耐心地伸出友谊之手来帮助他们，所以A选项“克服恐惧有时需要一个有耐心的朋友”适合用作文章标题。故选A项。
16．A 17．B 18．D 19．B
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了狄龙·多登为了给得了杜氏肌萎缩症的儿子募集资金，而勇登珠穆朗玛峰。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The dad from Omaha, Nebraska, is motivated by someone special: his 5-year-old son, Connor, who has a disease of muscular dystrophy called Duchenne. (这位来自内布拉斯加州奥马哈的父亲的动机很特别：他5岁的儿子康纳患有一种名为Duchenne的肌肉营养不良症)”可知，他对儿子的爱让多登选择攀登珠穆朗玛峰。故选A项。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Duchenne is a disorder that causes muscle wasting of every muscle in the human body. And it finally leads to death. There is no cure.(Duchenne 是一种导致人体每一块肌肉萎缩的疾病。最终导致死亡。没有治疗方法)”可知，Duchenne没有治疗方法。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Jim Raffone also runs JAR of Hope, a charity to bring awareness and raise money for Duchenne research. (Jim Raffone还经营着一家名为JAR of Hope的慈善机构，旨在提高人们对Duchenne认识并为其研究筹集资金)”可知，JAR of Hope的目标是让公众了解Duchenne。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据第三段“Raffone said they were going to do a big fundraiser by climbing Qomolangma to help try and fund a clinical trial for Duchenne and asked whether Doeden would go. Doeden said he absolutely would go. (拉丰说，他们打算通过攀登珠穆朗玛峰来筹集大笔资金，为杜氏的临床试验提供资金，并问多登是否会去。多登说他绝对会去)”根据常识知，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是有危险的，但是多登毅然决然的去，说明他是勇敢的，根据最后一段中“Doeden said he’s been training for the climb—which is 80 miles round trip—and he feels confident that he can do it. For Doeden, the difficulty is worth it because of his son. (多登说，他一直在为这次往返80英里的攀登进行训练，他对自己能做到这一点很有信心。对于多登来说，因为他的儿子，这些困难是值得的)”可知，这是一次往返80英里的攀登，当中有许多困难，但是为了儿子，他都克服了，所以是坚定的。所以多登是勇敢而又坚定的。故选B项。
20．C 21．D 22．C 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是Dr. Vivek Murthy的研究发现，儿童心理健康问题已经成为全国性的危机，严重影响到了父母的工作，呼吁人们帮助这些父母。
20．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“On Our Sleeves, a national movement that aims to break shame around children’s mental health, surveyed more than 3,000 working parents across the US and found that 8 in 10 parents have been very concerned about their child’s mental health and development or behavior in the past two years.(On Our Sleeves是一项旨在打破人们对儿童心理健康的羞耻感的全国性运动，该运动对美国3000多名在职父母进行了调查，发现80%的父母在过去两年中非常关心孩子的心理健康和发展或行为)”可知，调查发现10个人中有8人一直担心自己的孩子的精神健康和发展问题。由此可知，目前家长们最关注的是孩子的精神健康问题。故选C项。
21．推理判断题。根据第四段“The survey found that 53% of working parents have missed work at least once per month to deal with their children’s mental health. And 71% of parents said issues with their child’s mental or emotional well-being made the stresses of work much more difficult to cope with.(调查发现，53%的在职父母每月至少有一次旷工来处理孩子的心理健康问题。71%的父母表示，孩子的精神或情感健康问题使他们更难应对工作压力)”可知，调查发现53%的每月至少旷工一次处理孩子的心理问题，还有71%的家长认为孩子的心理健康问题使得自己的工作难以应对。由此推知，家长们的工作受到很大影响。故选D项。
22．词句猜测题。根据划线单词前的“Employers need to know that many of their employees are struggling(雇主需要知道他们的许多员工都在苦苦挣扎)”可知，许多员工在苦苦挣扎，结合划线单词后的as a result可知，前后为因果关系。由此推知，员工的工作因此而受到“影响”，所以划线单词的意思是“影响”。故选C项。
23．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy recently declared children’s mental health is a national crisis.(外科医生Vivek Murthy博士最近宣布，儿童的心理健康是一场全国性的危机)”以及第二段中的“The impact of this crisis is far-reaching, and new research shows that it’s affecting parents’ well-being, plus their ability to succeed at work and provide for their families.(这场危机的影响是深远的，新的研究表明，它正在影响父母的健康，以及他们在工作中取得成功和养家糊口的能力)”可知，儿童心理健康问题成为全国性的危机，这严重影响到了儿童父母的工作以及养家糊口的能力，全文对这一现象的研究分析。由此推知，解决儿童心理健康问题是迫在眉睫。故选D项。
24．D 25．A 26．D 27．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员为了理解伴侣狗常见的行为问题展开了调查。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers at the University of Helsinki recently examined hyperactivity (过分好动) and inattention in more than 11, 000 Finnish pet dogs. They found that the dog’s age and gender, as well as exposure to other dogs, played a part.(赫尔辛基大学的研究人员最近对11,000多只芬兰宠物狗进行了多动症和注意力不集中的研究。他们发现，狗的年龄和性别，以及与其他狗的接触，都起到了一定作用。)”可知，导致狗狗过度活跃的一个因素是它们与其他狗狗的接触。故选D。
25．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“We wanted to collect a large behavioral data of dogs to better understand behavior problems that are common in our companion dogs. We studied seven characteristics: noise sensitivity, fearfulness, fear of surfaces and heights, inattention, compulsive behavior, separation – related behavior, and aggression(我们想收集大量的狗的行为数据，以更好地理解我们的伴侣狗常见的行为问题。我们研究了七个特征：对噪音敏感、恐惧、对表面和高度的恐惧、注意力不集中、强迫行为、与分离有关的行为和攻击性)”可知，第二段主要讲了研究内容。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“They found that hyperactivity and impulsivity are more common in dogs that aren’t their owners’ first dogs.(他们发现，在不是主人养的第一只狗身上，多动和冲动更常见。)”和第三句中的“We can only conclude the possible relationship between these factors, but one possible explanation is that people try to choose easy individuals from less active breeds, like companion dog breeds as their first dogs(我们只能得出这些因素之间可能的关系，但一个可能的解释是，人们试图从不太活跃的品种中选择容易相处的个体，比如伴侣犬品种作为他们的第一只狗)”可知，从文中我们可以了解到人们的第一只宠物狗通常不太活跃。故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“We wanted to collect a large behavioral data of dogs to better understand behavior problems that are common in our companion dogs.(我们想收集大量的狗的行为数据，以更好地理解我们的伴侣狗常见的行为问题。)”可知，这项研究的目的是了解狗的行为问题。故选A。
28．B 29．A 30．D 31．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，通过使用流