高考英语复习:专题六 冠词优质备课课件(共31张PPT)

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名称 高考英语复习:专题六 冠词优质备课课件(共31张PPT)
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更新时间 2023-05-15 08:02:42

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(共31张PPT)
专题六 冠词
不定冠词表示泛指,一般修饰可数名词单数。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前。例如:a pen 一支笔 an old man 一位老人
一、不定冠词的基本用法
1.用在首次提到的人或物的可数名词单数前面,泛指某个人或某个事物。
A gentleman is asking to see you.
2.表示“一”,相当于one,如:I’ll return in a day or two.
一、不定冠词
3.表示“每”,相当于per,常用于表示时间、重量、长度等单位前。如:We have three meals a day.
4.表示“同一性”,常构成“of+a/an+名词”形式,相当于the same,如:The children are of an age.
5.表示类指,意为“某类……”,如:He wants to be a doctor.
6.后面接人名可以表示“一个叫……的人”,或是其作品。如:A Mr.Smith is asking to see you.
7.与抽象名词连用,可以表示“一场、一次、一件”。a success一件成功的事/一个成功的人,a pity一件遗憾的事,an honour一个引以为荣的人/一件引以为荣的事。
8.与物质名词连用,表示“一种、一阵、一份”。
What a heavy rain!
9.序数词前使用冠词的情况
“the+序数词”表示排序;“a/an+序数词”不表示排序,而表示“又一;再一”。如:
Mr.Li has decided to buy a second car.
I have failed twice,but I’ll try a third time.
10.比较级和最高级前冠词的选择
“a/an+比较级”表示“(众多人或事物中)比……更……的一个”,属于泛指;“the+比较级”表示“两者中较……的一个”。“the+最高级”表示三者或三者以上的人或事物中“最……的一个”;“a most+形容词”表示“一个很/非常……”,此时后面没有比较范围,most只表示“很,非常”,如:
Tom is the older of the two boys.
The first unit is a most difficult part but not the most difficult.
二、常用不定冠词的固定搭配
all of a sudden突然  
as a matter of fact事实上
once a week每星期一次
at a loss不知所措,茫然
be on a visit参观,拜访
be/go on a diet节食
give sb.a lift让某人搭便车
have a gift for...在……方面有天赋
have a good time玩得开心
have a word with...与……谈话
in a hurry匆忙地 in a way从某种意义上说
make a living谋生 take a walk散步
take an interest in...对……感兴趣
take/have a rest休息一会儿
二、定冠词
★用法:
1、 用在表示特指的人或物的名词前。
Eg: The book on the desk is mine.
书桌上的那本书是我的。
2、用在姓氏复数前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。
Eg: The Chens are going to move to Langfang.姓陈的一家要搬到廊坊去。
3、用在世纪、年代、朝代名词前或用在表示方位的名词前。
the Tang dynasty唐朝
the Spring and Autumn Period春秋时期
in the 1990's/1990s在20世纪90年代
the south南方/部
4、用在表度量单位的名词前,表示“每一”。如by the hour/day/week/month year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo,但是size,weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。
Eg: We got paid by the month.我们按月计酬。
Meat is sold by weight.肉按重量出售。
5、“the+形容词或分词”有时也可表类指。
Eg: the wounded伤员
the dying垂死之人
the unknown未知的事物
the deaf耳聋的人
6、“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某部”结构中的the不可用物主代词代替。此外,在be red in the face(脸红),be lame in the right leg(右腿瘸),be blind in the left eye(左眼失明)等结构中,名词前也要用the。
Eg: An apple fell from the tree and hit him on the head.一个苹果从树上落下,砸在了他的头上。
7、用于江河海洋、山脉群岛、海湾海峡等地理名词前。
Eg: The Yellow River is the cradle of Chinese culture.黄河是中华文化的摇篮。
The West Lake is famous for its beautiful scenery.西湖以其美景著称。
8、用于含普通名词的国家、组织机构、建筑物、报纸杂志、会议条约等名称前。
Eg: I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.
我永远不会忘记第一次见到长城的情景。
9、用于序数词或形容词、副词的最高级前。注意:当两者进行比较时,在比较级前加定冠词起到特指作用,表示“两者中较……的一方"。
Eg: He was the first to speak against slavery.他是第一个发表演说反对奴隶制的人。
He is the better of the two.他是两者中较好的那个。
10、用于西方乐器前。
Eg: play the piano/violin/guitar弹钢琴/拉小提琴/弹吉他
11、用在same,very,only前构成"the same/very/only +名词"结构。
Eg:
He is the very person(=just the person)I am looking for.他正是我在找的人。
He is the only poet in this country that deserves the name.他是这个国家唯一一位名副其实的诗人。
12、用在某些固定短语中。
in the countryside 在乡下
in the end最后,终于
in(the)daytime在白天
in the habit of习惯于
make the most of充分利用
in the distance在远处
in the way挡路
on the whole总的说来
on the right/left 在右/左边
at the moment此刻
for the time being暂时
in the meantime同时
at the end of......的尽头
in the playground在操场上
go to the doctor's去看医生
by the way顺便提-下
the other day前几天
on the radio/phone通过无线电广播/电话
on the spot在现场,当场,当下
to tell(you)the truth说实话,老实说
go to the cinema去看电影
not in the least(=not at all)一点也不
on the one hand…on the other hand... 一方面……,另一方面.....
for the most part通常,多半
all the time一直
特别提醒:
1、定冠词通常放在all, both, double, exactly, just等词之后。
2、定冠词要放在half, twice, much之后。
三、零冠词
一、零冠词的基本用法
1.专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时,其前不用冠词。
Beijing is the capital of China.
Kindness is virtue.
Snow dissolves into water.
2.表示季节、月份、星期、节假日、棋类、球类、学科、一日三餐、语言、运动等的名词前一般不加冠词。
Spring is the best season of the year.
I have been studying in this college since July,2015.
We have a seven-day holiday on China’s National Day.
Tom enjoys playing chess.
The boys like playing football after class.
They can choose other subjects like Art and Computer Science.
Do you have breakfast at home or at school
3.称呼语、自己的家庭成员及表示头衔、职务的名词做表语或同位语时,一般不加冠词,但用作主语或宾语时要用冠词。
They appointed Sam manager of the engineering department to take the place of George.
I’m captain of the class team at school.
The chairman declared the meeting open.
4.当by与表示交通工具的名词连用表示方式时,名词前不用冠词。
I’d rather travel by bus than airplane.
常用零冠词的固定搭配
in fact事实上      for example例如
in danger在危险中 with pleasure高兴地
in time及时 in fear恐惧地
at work在上班 at dinner在吃饭
after school放学后 at first起初
at last最终 by hand手工做的
pay attention to注意 set fire to放火
take pride in以……为豪 take care of照顾
take office就职 take part in参加
in town在城里 keep...in mind牢记
in trouble处在麻烦中 on foot步行
leave word留言 on time按时
catch sight of看见 do harm to对……有害
lose weight减肥
四、冠词的活用
1、表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词,如:sun,moon,earth,universe,world 等,常与定冠词连用,但该名词前有形容词修饰时,可以与不定冠词连用。
Eg: The moon travels around the earth.月亮围着地球转。
A bright moon is hanging in the sky.一轮明月正悬挂在空中。
We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。
We are building a new world.
我们正在建立一个新世界。
2、“the+形容词最高级"表示比较,意为最……的;“a/an+形容词最高级"无比较含义。
Eg: It is the most useful dictionary.它是最有用的词典。
It is a most useful dictionary.
(most=very)它是一本非常有用的词典。
3、“the+序数词"表示次序;“a/an+序数词”不表示与其他人或物排序,而表示“又一,再一”
Eg: It is the second time that he has visited the city.这是他第二次参观这座城市。(表示次序)
Can you give me a second chance?(a second=another)你能再给我一次机会吗?
▲五、有无冠词意义迥异的情况
at table在吃饭
at the table在桌子旁
at school上学
at the school在学校
by day白天
by the day按日计算
go to bed上床睡觉(侧重活动)
go to the bed朝床边走去(侧重地点)
go to church做礼拜(侧重活动)
go to the church去教堂(侧重地点)
in hospital住院
in the hospital在医院
in charge of掌管
in the charge of由……掌管
in place of取代
in the place of在....的位置上
in office执政
in the office 在办公室内
in possession of占有
in the possession of被…...占有
leave school辍学
leave the school离开学校
out of question毫无疑问
out of the question不可能
two of us我们中的两个
the two of us我们两个
in front of....(外部)的前面
in the front of....(内部)的前部
例题
单句改错
1.My brother is a excellent vet,who looks after frightening snakes in the zoo.(2019·辽宁葫芦岛协作校联考)
a→an vet是单数可数名词,excellent是以元音因素开头的单词,所以用an。
2.Energetic and responsible,I am a captain of our school football team.(2018·河北衡水中学模考)
去掉a 表示独一无二的职位的名词做表语或同位语时,不用不定冠词a。
例题
3.It would be the wonderful world if all of us could live in peace with one another.(2020·河北石家庄一中试题)
the→a 此处表示“一个美好的世界”,应用不定冠词表示泛指。
4.As for my life in this new school,frankly speaking,I lead a busy but a colorful life.(2020·江苏苏州中学试题)
删除第二个a but连接并列形容词,中心词life已有不定冠词修饰,因此应该删除第二个不定冠词a。
语篇填空
Villages in developing countries often lack many things:books,clean water,electricity.These shortages are easy to see.But 1.    different kind of shortage is not easy to see.That is 2.      shortage of experts.Many villages have no doctors,engineers or scientists.They have no one who knows how to treat unusual medical 3. (problem) or design a new expert system.There is a way to ease 4.   problems. They can do it with 5.     .In 6.    past few years,computer scientists around the world have developed what they call “expert systems”.An expert system is a special kind of computer program.In some situations,it can take 7.     place of 8.     human expert.For example,an expert in the medical system can help to take care of a sick person.After asking a few 9.     (question) of the patient,it can tell what medicine or other 10.    (treat) is needed.
1.a 此处表示泛指,指另一不同种类的缺乏。
2.the 此处特指“专家的缺乏”,故用定冠词the。
3.problems problem是可数名词,这里指医疗方面的问题,故用复数形式。
4.the 此处特指上文提到的这些问题,故用定冠词the。
5.computers 从后文的computer scientists以及后文的关于计算机的陈述可知,这里是用计算机解决这个问题。
6.the in the past few years“在过去的几年里”为固定结构,故用the。
7.the take the place of “代替;取代”为固定搭配。
8.a 根据句意“它能取代一个人类专家”,表示泛指,又因空格后的单词以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。
9.questions 此处表示向病人提问几个问题。
10.treatment 由other可知,这里用动词treat的名词形式。